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{{Short description|Species of sedge}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| image =
|image = Carex rosea kz2.jpg
| image_alt = |image_alt =
| image_caption = |image_caption =
| regnum = ]
|parent = Carex sect. Phaestoglochin
|unranked_divisio = ]
|display_parents = 3
|unranked_classis = ]
|taxon = Carex rosea
|unranked_ordo = ]
⚫ |authority = ] ex. ]<ref>{{cite web |title=IPNI |url=http://ipni.org |accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>
|ordo = ]
}}
| familia = ]
| genus = '']''
| species = '''''C. rosea'' '''
| binomial = ''Carex rosea''
⚫ | binomial_authority = Schkuhr ex. Willd.<ref>{{cite web|title=IPNI|url=http://ipni.org/|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>}}


'''''Carex rosea''''', the '''rosy sedge''', is a flowering plant and part of the Cyperaceae family. Synonyms for ''Carex rosea'' include ''Carex concoluta'', and ''Carex flaccidula''.<ref name=PLANTS>{{PLANTS|id=CARO22|taxon=Carex rosea|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> It is native to central and eastern North America and it exists in wet to dry soils. ''Carex rosea'' can be found in shores of streams and bottomlands, as well as ponds. It is known to have great adaptations to dry-shade locations. This is an evergreen, easy-to-grow-plant.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Moon Nursery|url=http://www.newmoonnursery.com/plant/Carex-rosea|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> '''''Carex rosea''''', the '''rosy sedge''', is a flowering plant and part of the family Cyperaceae. Synonyms for ''Carex rosea'' include ''Carex concoluta'', and ''Carex flaccidula''.<ref name=PLANTS>{{PLANTS|id=CARO22|taxon=Carex rosea|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> It is native to central and eastern North America and it exists in wet to dry soils. ''Carex rosea'' can be found in shores of streams and bottomlands, as well as ponds. It is known to have good adaptations to dry-shade locations. It is an evergreen plant which is easy to grow.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Moon Nursery |url=http://www.newmoonnursery.com/plant/Carex-rosea |accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>


== Description == == Description ==
''Carex rosea'' flowers in the spring, and it has evergreen leaves. The styles of this ''Carex roseae'', the stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary, are very distinctively curled, which helps to differentiate this species from other plants. The stigmas range from 0.07-0.10 millimeters thick, while the leaves are almost 1/8 millimeters wide. The width of the stem leaf blade ranges from 1.8-2.6 millimeters. The lowest bract either has no sheath or the sheath it has is very short up to four millimeters in length.<ref>{{cite web|title=Flora of the Southern and Mid- Atlantic States|url=http://herbarium.unc.edu/FloraArchives/WeakleyFlora_2015-05-29.pdf|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> The lowest spike is not borne on a peduncle, which is a stalk that supports inflorescence growth to more than one flower. The uppermost spike contains both carpels and stamens, with the carpels located below, or mixed in, with the stamens. The membrane that encloses the flower has no hairs and its length varies between 2.6 and 4.2 millimeters. The leaf sheath has no pink, red, or purple tinting and the leaf blade can either be, smooth and hairless, or rough and sandpapery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carex rosea|url=https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org/species/carex/rosea/|website=Go Botany Discover thousands of New England plants|accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> The leaves are all produced from the base of the plant, and the one-seeded fruit, usually ranging from 1.6-2.2 millimeters, has no folds or dimples. The ] found in the plant are widely spread rather than clustered together, and the culms consist of about 4-8 spikelets. The spikelets found in the plant are widely spread rather than clustered together, and the culms consist of about 8-4 spikelets. Spikelets are green because of the presence of 7-14 spreading perigynia. The overall average height is about 1 millimeter tall.<ref>{{cite web|title=-State Species Abstract- -Wyoming Natural Diversity Database-|url=http://www.uwyo.edu/wyndd/_files/docs/reports/speciesabstracts/carex_rosea.pdf|accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref> ''Carex rosea'' flowers in the spring, and it has evergreen leaves. The styles of this ''Carex rosea'', the stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary, are very distinctively curled, which helps to differentiate this species from other plants. The stigmas range from 0.07 to 0.10&nbsp;mm thick, while the leaves are almost 1/8&nbsp;mm wide. The width of the stem leaf blade ranges from 1.8 to 2.6&nbsp;mm. The lowest bract either has no sheath or the sheath it has is very short up to four mm in length.<ref>{{cite web |title=Flora of the Southern and Mid- Atlantic States |url=http://herbarium.unc.edu/FloraArchives/WeakleyFlora_2015-05-29.pdf |accessdate=2 November 2016 |archive-date=2017-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623015813/http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/floraarchives/weakleyflora_2015-05-29.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The lowest spike is not borne on a peduncle, which is a stalk that supports inflorescence growth to more than one flower. The uppermost spike contains both carpels and stamens, with the carpels located below, or mixed in, with the stamens. The membrane that encloses the flower has no hairs and its length varies between 2.6 and 4.2&nbsp;mm. The leaf sheath has no pink, red, or purple tinting and the leaf blade can either be, smooth and hairless, or rough and sandpapery.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Carex rosea'' |url=https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/carex/rosea |website=Go Botany Discover thousands of New England plants |accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> The leaves are all produced from the base of the plant, and the one-seeded fruit, usually ranging from 1.6 to 2.2&nbsp;mm, has no folds or dimples. The spikelets found in the plant are widely spread rather than clustered together, and the culms consist of about 4–8 spikelets. Spikelets are green because of the presence of 7–14 spreading perigynia.<ref>{{cite web |title=-State Species Abstract- -Wyoming Natural Diversity Database- |url=http://www.uwyo.edu/wyndd/_files/docs/reports/speciesabstracts/carex_rosea.pdf |accessdate=3 November 2016}}</ref>


== Taxonomy == == Taxonomy ==
''Carex rosea'' consist of four different species <sup></sup>. Most of them are found mainly in Canada. While some characters seem to be unrelibale for the separation of each species. Other characters, like the width of the broadest leaves, the shape of the ] base, and the fertile culms, are reliable. Different analysis of the mixed populations have concluded that hybridization between the species does not occur. The Kingdom of ''Carex roseae'' is plantae.The rank of ''Carex rosea'' consists of the following, the subkingdom is tracheobionta, which means that it is part of the vascular plants. The superdivision of ''Carex rosea'' is spermatophyta, also known as seed plants. The division of this plant is magnoliophyta, which is flowering plants. This plant belongs to the class called liliopsida. The subclass of ''Carex rosea'' is commelinidae, and finally the order is Cyperales.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Webber|first1=J. M.|last2=Ball|first2=P. W.|title=The taxonomy of the Carex rosea group (section Phaestoglochin) in Canada|journal=Canadian Journal of Botany|date=1 October 1984|volume=62|issue=10|pages=2058–2073|doi=10.1139/b84-281|url=http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/b84-281|issn=0008-4026|accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> ''Carex'' is a genus of grasslike herbs that are widely distributed and distinguished having the seedlike ] enclosed in a sac in the ] of a bract.<ref>{{cite web|title=Genus Carex|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/genus+Carex|website=The Free Dictionary|accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> According to results from a complete ITS sequence based phylogeny, ''Carex rosea'' is sister to ''Carex radiata'', ''Carex retroflexa'', ''Carex texensis'', and ''Carex socialis''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=King|first1=Matthew, G.|last2=Roalson|first2=Eric, H.|title=Exploring Evolutionary Dynamics of nrDNA in Carex subgenus Vignea (Cyperaceae)|date=1 July 2008|volume=33|doi=10.1600/036364408785679860|accessdate=21 November 2016}}</ref> This plant is primarily confused with Carex radiata. Typically Carex rosea occurs in drier sites and has slightly narrower leaves.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Curtis|first1=Linda|title=The Confucion of Carex rosea and C. radiata|url=http://curtistothethird.com/wp1/?page_id=276|accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> ''Carex rosea'' is the type of the ''Carex rosea'' complex. While some characters seem to be unreliable for the separation of each species, other characters, like the width of the broadest leaves, the shape of the ] base, and the fertile culms, are reliable. Different analysis of the mixed populations have concluded that hybridization between the species does not occur.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Webber |first1=J. M. |last2=Ball |first2=P. W. |title=The taxonomy of the ''Carex rosea'' group (section Phaestoglochin) in Canada |journal=Canadian Journal of Botany |date=1 October 1984 |volume=62 |issue=10 |pages=2058–2073 |doi=10.1139/b84-281 |issn=0008-4026}}</ref> According to results from a complete ITS sequence based phylogeny, ''Carex rosea'' is sister to '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=King |first1=Matthew, G. |last2=Roalson |first2=Eric, H. |title=Exploring Evolutionary Dynamics of nrDNA in ''Carex'' subgenus ''Vignea'' (Cyperaceae) |date=1 July 2008 |volume=33 |doi=10.1600/036364408785679860 |journal=Systematic Botany |issue=3 |pages=514–524 |s2cid=86103260}}</ref> The species Carex appalachica is another member of this complex.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carex Rosea Clade (Complex Carex rosea) |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/1459717-Carex-rosea |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=iNaturalist |language=en}}</ref> This plant is primarily confused with ''Carex radiata''. Typically ''Carex rosea'' occurs in drier sites and has slightly narrower leaves.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Curtis |first1=Linda |title=The Confusion of ''Carex rosea'' and ''C. radiata'' |url=http://curtistothethird.com/wp1/?page_id=276 |accessdate=4 November 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220155537/http://curtistothethird.com/wp1/?page_id=276 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== Distribution and habitat == == Distribution and habitat ==
''Carex rosea'' distribution essentially the eastern portion of North America. Its habitat is in dry- moist woodlands. It can adapt to various soil types and it can also live in rich ravines, and wood edges.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York Flora Atlas|url=http://newyork.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1217|accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> In Canada''C. rosea'' is distributed from Nova Scotia and shouthern Quebec west to MN and eastern NE.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hough|first1=Michael|title=Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. - Curly-styled Wood Sedge|url=http://www.thismia.com/C/Carex_rosea.html|accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> ''C. rosea'' is distributed from Nova Scotia and southern Quebec west to Minnesota and eastern Nebraska; and south to Georgia, Tennessee, and Arkansas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hough |first1=Michael |title=''Carex rosea'' Schkuhr ex Willd. – Curly-styled Wood Sedge |url=http://www.thismia.com/C/Carex_rosea.html |accessdate=19 November 2016}}</ref> Its habitat is dry-to-moist woodlands. It can adapt to various soil types and it can also live in rich ravines, and wood edges.<ref>{{cite web |title=New York Flora Atlas |url=http://newyork.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=1217 |accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref>


== Ecology == == Ecology ==
''Carex rosea'' can complete its life cycle in a little more than two years. Even though the genus Carex has been considered ], recent evidence has demostrated that mycotrophy may be more spread among the sedges than realized.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=R. Michael|last2=Smith|first2=Christopher I.|last3=Jastrow|first3=Julie D.|last4=Bever|first4=James D.|title=Mycorrhizal status of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae)|journal=American Journal of Botany|date=1 April 1999|volume=86|issue=4|pages=547–553|url=http://www.amjbot.org/content/86/4/547.full|accessdate=19 November 2016|language=en|issn=0002-9122}}</ref> ''Carex rosea'' can complete its life cycle in a little more than two years. Even though the genus ''Carex'' has been considered ], recent evidence has demonstrated that mycotrophy may be more spread among the sedges than realized.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Miller |first1=R. Michael |last2=Smith |first2=Christopher I. |last3=Jastrow |first3=Julie D. |author-link3=Julie Jastrow |last4=Bever |first4=James D. |date=1 April 1999 |title=Mycorrhizal status of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae) |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=547–553 |doi=10.2307/2656816 |issn=0002-9122 |jstor=2656816 |pmid=10205075 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


== Horticulture == == Horticulture ==
Plants that have already been established to a place are highly drought tolerant. ''Carex rosea'' is unappetizing to deer and other herbivores. Many times ''Carex rosea'', or sedge in general, are used as ground covers. This is a way to help with the maintenance of green expanses near houses since it is an evergreen plant. It is recommended for the plant to be cut completely off before the winter season starts. The more highly adaptable sedges grow in warm-weather conditions and if mowing the land its a choice, then it is recommended to do it only a few times a year, compared to regular grass which is almost every other week.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carex rosea|url=http://www.newmoonnursery.com/plant/Carex-rosea|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> Plants that have already been established to a place are highly drought-tolerant. ''Carex rosea'' is unappetizing to deer and other herbivores. Many times ''Carex rosea'', or sedge in general, are used as ground covers. This is a way to help with the maintenance of green expanses near houses since it is an evergreen plant. It is recommended for the plant to be cut completely off before the winter season starts. The more highly adaptable sedges grow in warm-weather conditions and if mowing the land is a choice, then it is recommended to do it only a few times a year, compared to regular grass which is almost every other week.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Carex rosea'' |url=http://www.newmoonnursery.com/plant/Carex-rosea |accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref>


== Conservation status == == Conservation status ==
The IUCN indicates that this species has not been assessed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Search Results|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search|website=www.iucnredlist.org|accessdate=5 December 2016}}</ref> However, no potential threats are known to Carex rosea. This plant is widely distributed and common. The IUCN indicates that this species has not been assessed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Search Results |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search |website=www.iucnredlist.org |accessdate=5 December 2016}}</ref> However, no potential threats are known to ''Carex rosea''. This plant is widely distributed and common.


== References == == References ==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15582169}}


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Latest revision as of 08:56, 15 November 2023

Species of sedge

Carex rosea
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex
Subgenus: Carex subg. Vignea
Section: Carex sect. Phaestoglochin
Species: C. rosea
Binomial name
Carex rosea
Schkuhr ex. Willd.

Carex rosea, the rosy sedge, is a flowering plant and part of the family Cyperaceae. Synonyms for Carex rosea include Carex concoluta, and Carex flaccidula. It is native to central and eastern North America and it exists in wet to dry soils. Carex rosea can be found in shores of streams and bottomlands, as well as ponds. It is known to have good adaptations to dry-shade locations. It is an evergreen plant which is easy to grow.

Description

Carex rosea flowers in the spring, and it has evergreen leaves. The styles of this Carex rosea, the stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary, are very distinctively curled, which helps to differentiate this species from other plants. The stigmas range from 0.07 to 0.10 mm thick, while the leaves are almost 1/8 mm wide. The width of the stem leaf blade ranges from 1.8 to 2.6 mm. The lowest bract either has no sheath or the sheath it has is very short up to four mm in length. The lowest spike is not borne on a peduncle, which is a stalk that supports inflorescence growth to more than one flower. The uppermost spike contains both carpels and stamens, with the carpels located below, or mixed in, with the stamens. The membrane that encloses the flower has no hairs and its length varies between 2.6 and 4.2 mm. The leaf sheath has no pink, red, or purple tinting and the leaf blade can either be, smooth and hairless, or rough and sandpapery. The leaves are all produced from the base of the plant, and the one-seeded fruit, usually ranging from 1.6 to 2.2 mm, has no folds or dimples. The spikelets found in the plant are widely spread rather than clustered together, and the culms consist of about 4–8 spikelets. Spikelets are green because of the presence of 7–14 spreading perigynia.

Taxonomy

Carex rosea is the type of the Carex rosea complex. While some characters seem to be unreliable for the separation of each species, other characters, like the width of the broadest leaves, the shape of the perigynium base, and the fertile culms, are reliable. Different analysis of the mixed populations have concluded that hybridization between the species does not occur. According to results from a complete ITS sequence based phylogeny, Carex rosea is sister to Carex radiata, Carex retroflexa, Carex texensis, and Carex socialis. The species Carex appalachica is another member of this complex. This plant is primarily confused with Carex radiata. Typically Carex rosea occurs in drier sites and has slightly narrower leaves.

Distribution and habitat

C. rosea is distributed from Nova Scotia and southern Quebec west to Minnesota and eastern Nebraska; and south to Georgia, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Its habitat is dry-to-moist woodlands. It can adapt to various soil types and it can also live in rich ravines, and wood edges.

Ecology

Carex rosea can complete its life cycle in a little more than two years. Even though the genus Carex has been considered nonmycorrhizal, recent evidence has demonstrated that mycotrophy may be more spread among the sedges than realized.

Horticulture

Plants that have already been established to a place are highly drought-tolerant. Carex rosea is unappetizing to deer and other herbivores. Many times Carex rosea, or sedge in general, are used as ground covers. This is a way to help with the maintenance of green expanses near houses since it is an evergreen plant. It is recommended for the plant to be cut completely off before the winter season starts. The more highly adaptable sedges grow in warm-weather conditions and if mowing the land is a choice, then it is recommended to do it only a few times a year, compared to regular grass which is almost every other week.

Conservation status

The IUCN indicates that this species has not been assessed. However, no potential threats are known to Carex rosea. This plant is widely distributed and common.

References

  1. "IPNI". Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  2. NRCS. "Carex rosea". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  3. "New Moon Nursery". Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  4. "Flora of the Southern and Mid- Atlantic States" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-23. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  5. "Carex rosea". Go Botany Discover thousands of New England plants. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  6. "-State Species Abstract- -Wyoming Natural Diversity Database-" (PDF). Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  7. Webber, J. M.; Ball, P. W. (1 October 1984). "The taxonomy of the Carex rosea group (section Phaestoglochin) in Canada". Canadian Journal of Botany. 62 (10): 2058–2073. doi:10.1139/b84-281. ISSN 0008-4026.
  8. King, Matthew, G.; Roalson, Eric, H. (1 July 2008). "Exploring Evolutionary Dynamics of nrDNA in Carex subgenus Vignea (Cyperaceae)". Systematic Botany. 33 (3): 514–524. doi:10.1600/036364408785679860. S2CID 86103260.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. "Carex Rosea Clade (Complex Carex rosea)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-06-22.
  10. Curtis, Linda. "The Confusion of Carex rosea and C. radiata". Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  11. Hough, Michael. "Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. – Curly-styled Wood Sedge". Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  12. "New York Flora Atlas". Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  13. Miller, R. Michael; Smith, Christopher I.; Jastrow, Julie D.; Bever, James D. (1 April 1999). "Mycorrhizal status of the genus Carex (Cyperaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 86 (4): 547–553. doi:10.2307/2656816. ISSN 0002-9122. JSTOR 2656816. PMID 10205075.
  14. "Carex rosea". Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  15. "Search Results". www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
Taxon identifiers
Carex rosea
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