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== Who are the readers of this article? ==
== Performance ==


I guess most of the readers of this article are either:
The revert done by {{ping|Zefr}} (72.140.145.227) on ‎ requires some justification at the very least, otherwise it's just throwing a tantrum, which doesn't do any favor to Misplaced Pages.


1) Homeowners considering buying a heat pump
The section on performance is poor because of incorrect statements and insufficient editing. First of all, EER,COP and their seasonal variants are DIMENSIONLESS quantities. The fact that, say, (S)EER is usually shown as Btu/Wh is only due to the fact that industry/ad prospects tend to provide this metric in non-reduced form. '''From a physics point of view it expresses Energy divided by Energy'''. Furthermore, as the last editor stubbornly stated 1Btu/Wh = 0.293 W/W. But what is W/W?? Well, obviously that's watts divided by watts, hence it's 1 (one, yes a number!), as it should be by definition of this metric. Btw, in case someone doesn't know, the reason for that peculiar number 0.293 comes from the fact that 1Btu ~= 1055 J (Joules) and that 1Wh = 3600 J (Joules), thus 1Btu~=(1055/3600)Wh.


or
In comparison, the edit before follows a clear and neat structure for this section, where it starts with some general information (there are several metrics available -with reference-, these are the most common, both indicate higher performance the higher values they show, one is used for heating while the other is used for cooling) and the goes to explain the same details as before with only some minor edits relative the false units. Even the example I left is nothing but the example that user {{ping|Zerf}} is trying to give, except is more clearly explained.


2) Teenagers being taught about heat pumps
These changes cannot be dismissed by simply claiming they are non-constructive. Structuring a text (aka editing) and streamlining the logic is more constructive that simply regurgitating some text that hasn't been clearly understood.


But I don't have any evidence to back up my guess. Does anyone have a better idea who the readers are? ] (]) 17:19, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
Hence, we should accept the edit from ‎ as the one providing a higher quality for this section ] (]) 20:09, 3 April 2023 (UTC)


:The article focuses on the practicalities of heat pumps, but it also relies in one or two places on the concept of the reverse Carnot cycle and the ]. This distinction is significant for our present discussions. The Carnot cycle and the second law are high-level topics typically only taught in college-level courses in applied physics and mechanical engineering. My point is that I think this article will attract a high proportion of its readers to the practical information about heat pumps; but only a small proportion of its readers will have knowledge of, or an interest in acquiring knowledge of, these two high-level topics.
:The information may have been accurate (unverified), but is too detailed for an encyclopedia's common user, ] #6-8. ] (]) 21:22, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
:In pursuit of ] we must provide a path through the article that avoids Carnot and the second law. The article itself, and one or two of it’s subordinate articles, present the math associated with the Carnot cycle so we must provide a path that allows readers to side-step this math if they wish. One example is the linear algebraic equation that defines the COP in terms of two temperatures - one high and one low. The Table titled “Variation of COP with output temperature” is the means by which readers can see clearly the way in which COP varies across each row, and down each column, and thereby avoid the algebraic equation associated with the reverse Carnot cycle.
::Ok, so we went from "non-constructive" to "unverified" and "too detailed for a common user" (the latter again extremely subjective and showing what seems little understanding of the content of this section. Let's see.
:In the bottom 4 lines of the Table, readers can see the way in which COP varies in a perfect heat pump operating on the reverse Carnot cycle. In the top 6 lines, readers can see that in real, practical heat pumps, the COP varies with output temperature in exactly the same way. This is a quick and easy way for the majority of readers to absorb this information. ] ''(])'' 01:52, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
::Verify: But verify what??The information is basic physics&math as at Grade12. From physics it follows trivially that a ratio of two magnitudes with the same basic units is dimensionless. Another trivial (for editors) information is the *fact* that both Btu and Wh measure Energy. The situation is the same as when dealing with the aspect ratio of a monitor: a screen 45cm high and 80cm wide has a ratio of 16:9, which is obviously dimensionless. However, if someone decides to keep the width in mm, then they end up with a non-reduced expression of 16cm/450mm. Both quantify the same ratio! Of course, the second is whimsical at best. The same happens with Btu/Wh. Hence {{ping|zefr}}, you cannot claim the information in unverified. Otherwise, following that logic of yours we would require references for things like log 10 = 1 or 2+2=4.
::OK so I take it you agree with me about who most of the readers are. As I suspect the 2 groups have somewhat different needs I am going to start a couple more talk sections below to try and keep things clear and will reply there to your interesting points about the theory. ] (]) 06:42, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
::"Too detailed for a common user": My editing of the section provides a better structure precisely for those users that really can't follow the details of what you left: the new structure adds two new parts and improves the last paragraph, where the first is simply the same sentence that was earlier dumped in the middle of the text, the second paragraph is new and guides the "common user" to understand that there are two basic units and where/what-for are they used; last but not least, the last sentence is again one that had been simply thrown around without much thought on where. With these first two paragraphs thus one can learn quickly that "there are two ways to measure it", that "both mean more performance the higher the value" and that "there is more to it than simply these two metrics". Please, argue that the edit you reverted to is that clear that soon.
::Finally there is the third edit affecting the last paragraph. My edit brings a rational justification for why we see expressions like Btu/Wh or worse W/W that are totally unintuitive for a physicist's pov. Can this edit of mine be improved? Most likely. But does that deserve a judgement of "non-constructive" , "unverified" or simply be totally rejected?
::I think you rushed into reverting my edits without proper understanding of the content, which in such case I can see how at first glance the edit may seem inconsequential for you. This reply of only reinforces this view.
::Misplaced Pages benefits from the wealth of honest, accurate and mindful *small* edits of many. My edit is one such edit and thus it deserves a comment for improvement perhaps, but hardly a complete disqualification. Please, undo your revert. ] (]) 22:53, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
::: restored part of your text with additional copy edits. A Misplaced Pages article is a dynamic document which may have numerous editors and challenges contributing. The goal is to have a simple, clear presentation of sourced facts. ] (]) 00:15, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
:It's also worth noting that when units of Btu/Wh are used, the EER is no longer dimensionless (unfortunately). ] (]) 21:56, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
::That is exactly what my edit is clarifying {{ping|vquakr}}, and I mention it in my reply to zefr: The situation is the same as when dealing with the aspect ratio of a monitor: a screen 45cm high and 80cm wide has a ratio of 16:9, which is obviously dimensionless. However, if someone decides to keep the width in mm, then they end up with a non-reduced expression of 16cm/450mm. Both quantify the same ratio! Of course, the second is whimsical at best. But you cannot claim it has dimensions. That would be a travesty of a description. The same happens with Btu/Wh. We have to deal with the latter because the industry forces us, not because it makes logical/physical sense.
::Like many other measures in the consumer market, this one is extremely confusing as different manufacturers may display different such metrics and in different ways ("units"). It took me the effort of checking several wikipedia entries and comparing several manufacturers's specs to understand how I can use these units in my next purchase and also that I need to consider both COP and EER, or there seasonal averages. My edit clarifies this with almost the minimum amount of new stuff. ] (]) 23:06, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
:The partial restore looks much better in sourcing, content, and tone. Thanks! ] (]) 00:42, 4 April 2023 (UTC)


== What do homeowners want from this article? ==
== More efficient than electrical? ==


I totally agree with you that very few of these readers will want the reverse Carnot cycle and the second law of thermodynamics and if they do they can click through to those articles.
In the lead it says "''When used for space heating, heat pumps are typically much more energy-efficient than electrical and other heaters''". But a heat pump uses electricity. I'm confused. ] (]) 08:53, 9 June 2023 (UTC)


By "homeowners" I also mean people with commonhold of flats. I think homeowners will need
:Have a look at ]. It will help ease the confusion. ] ''(])'' 14:07, 9 June 2023 (UTC)
::It's still electrical. ] (]) 00:36, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::If we want to add 1 kilojoule of heat to a cold space using electric resistance heating it requires 1 kilojoule (or 1 kilowatt-hour) of electricity. But if we want to do it using a heat pump operating at a ] of 10 it only requires 0.1 kilojoule (or 0.1 kilowatt-hour) of electricity; the other 0.9 kilojoule of heat comes from the surroundings, leaving some of the surroundings at a lower temperature. The greater efficiency referred to in the lead is seen by contrasting 1 kJ and 0.1 kJ. The cost in dollars using the heat pump is only 10% that of electric resistance heating and, over time, the heat pump will justify its significantly greater initial cost. ] ''(])'' 01:18, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
::::You seem to have missed my point. It was simply that a heat pump IS a form of heating that uses electricity, so a sentence comparing a heat pump with electrical heating is a poor choice of words. ] (]) 03:46, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::::The sentence you are challenging is not talking about a heat pump versus electrical heating. It is talking about the “energy-efficiency” of the two modes of heating. My edits here are focused on the relative merits of the two forms of heating. If you think the lead should simply tell readers that most heat pumps use electricity, such a sentence could go anywhere in the lead; you don’t need to challenge the existing sentence about the relative energy-efficiency. ] ''(])'' 03:58, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
::::::You are still missing my point. I give up. ] (]) 23:20, 10 June 2023 (UTC)
:::::::{{re|HiLo48}} heat pumps aren't generally called "electrical heaters" in practice, even though they are a generally electric-powered device that can be used to heat a space. Did my change mentioned below not address the concern? ] (]) 16:18, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
::::::::Your statement that "''heat pumps aren't generally called "electrical heaters" in practice''" may be true for aficionados, in your particular part of the world (wherever that is), but they need electricity to run, rather than any other energy source. They are heaters. They run off electricity. That makes them electric heaters. The average consumer isn't going to know what an electric resistance heater is. I'm pretty the labelling on consumer products doesn't say that. Our article must be written for the average consumer, not industry specialists. ] (]) 22:29, 11 June 2023 (UTC)
:::::::::Hence the wikilink. It sounds to me like your concern has been addressed. ] (]) 05:33, 12 June 2023 (UTC)
:I changed the pipe description to "electric resistance" to be more precise. ] (]) 16:09, 9 June 2023 (UTC)


1) The basic idea that they work like a refrigerator and are more environmentally friendly than fossil fuelled heating.
== How to reduce duplication with the ] article? ==


2) Overview of the types so they can rule out some of the options and click through to a more detailed article - for example someone with a small garden will rule out GSHP and likely click through to ASHP, whereas someone in a flat in a block which already has fossil fuelled district heating will likely want to (also) go through to GSHP to prepare for talking to the managers of the block or local politicians for the district.
Possibly excerpts - if so how -if not what do you suggest? ] (]) 11:12, 11 September 2023 (UTC)


3) A little info comparing the types so that someone with a lot of land or building their own new house can have an idea of the pros and cons of GSHP versus ASHP. For example that GSHP will likely be more expansive to install but use less electricity especially in cold weather.
== COP variation with output temperature ==


4) To know that they need to decide whether they want cooling as well as space heating and whether they want water heating. But not lots of detail as that can be in the articles such as ASHP. Possibly also a link to ] for people building their own new house.
I moved the below table here for discussion because the sources are more than 10 years old so I suspect it is not really useful for readers;


5) To know that some governments give purchase subsidies so they can then find out subsidy details either in a country level article such as ] or non-Misplaced Pages national sources. Or if the incentives stay here they should be put in a table which can be split off to a new list article if it gets too big.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:auto"
|+ COP variation with output temperature
|-
! scope="col" | Pump type and source
! scope="col" | Typical use
! scope="col" | 35&nbsp;°C <br /> (e.g. heated ] floor)
! scope="col" | 45&nbsp;°C <br /> (e.g. heated screed floor)
! scope="col" | 55&nbsp;°C <br /> (e.g. heated timber floor)
! scope="col" | 65&nbsp;°C <br /> (e.g. radiator or ])
! scope="col" | 75&nbsp;°C <br /> (e.g. radiator and DHW)
! scope="col" | 85&nbsp;°C <br /> (e.g. radiator and DHW)
|-
|style="text-align:left"| High-efficiency air-source heat pump (ASHP), air at −20&nbsp;°C<ref name="CREN">The Canadian Renewable Energy Network {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511210543/http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/M92-251-2002E.pdf |date=2011-05-11 }}. . Retrieved December 8, 2009.</ref>
|style="text-align:left"|
| 2.2
| 2.0
| ‐
| ‐
| ‐
| ‐
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Two-stage ASHP, air at −20&nbsp;°C<ref name="TIPC">Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414101842/http://repository.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/5474/ESL-IC-06-11-312.pdf?sequence=4 |date=2016-04-14 }}. . Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref>
|style="text-align:left"| Low source temperature
| ''2.4''
| 2.2
| 1.9
| ‐
| ‐
| ‐
|-
|style="text-align:left"| High-efficiency ASHP, air at 0&nbsp;°C<ref name="CREN"/>
|style="text-align:left"| Low output temperature
| ''3.8''
| 2.8
| 2.2
| 2.0
| ‐
| ‐
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Prototype transcritical {{chem|CO|2}} (R744) heat pump with tripartite gas cooler, source at 0&nbsp;°C<ref name="STEEN">SINTEF Energy Research {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318233012/http://www.r744.com/knowledge/papers/files/pdf/pdf_379.pdf |date=2009-03-18 }}. . Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref>
|style="text-align:left"| High output temperature
| 3.3
| ‐
| ‐
| ''4.2''
| ‐
| 3.0
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Ground-source heat pump (GSHP), water at 0&nbsp;°C<ref name="CREN"/>
|style="text-align:left"|
| 5.0
| 3.7
| 2.9
| 2.4
| ‐
| ‐
|-
|style="text-align:left"| GSHP, ground at 10&nbsp;°C<ref name="CREN"/>
|style="text-align:left"| Low output temperature
| ''7.2''
| 5.0
| 3.7
| 2.9
| 2.4
| ‐
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Theoretical ] limit, source −20&nbsp;°C
|style="text-align:left"|
| 5.6
| 4.9
| 4.4
| 4.0
| 3.7
| 3.4
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Theoretical ] limit, source 0&nbsp;°C
|style="text-align:left"|
| 8.8
| 7.1
| 6.0
| 5.2
| 4.6
| 4.2
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Theoretical ] limit ({{chem|CO|2}} pump), return fluid 25&nbsp;°C, source 0&nbsp;°C<ref name="STEEN"/>
|style="text-align:left"|
| 10.1
| 8.8
| 7.9
| 7.1
| 6.5
| 6.1
|-
|style="text-align:left"| Theoretical ] limit, source 10&nbsp;°C
|style="text-align:left"|
| 12.3
| 9.1
| 7.3
| 6.1
| 5.4
| 4.8
|} ] (]) 16:22, 13 September 2023 (UTC)


I may have missed something but this article should not have detail which is better put in more specialized articles. ] (]) 07:22, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
:I noticed the multiple edits you made to the article, concluding with removal of the above Table on the grounds that the sources are more than 10 years old. Misplaced Pages has no guideline or recommendation that text or other information should be removed when the supporting sources reach 10 years old.
:There are likely to be many Users who have an interest in this article, and an interest in this Table. By removing the Table you are showing that you think the views of such interested Users are irrelevant. Misplaced Pages doesn’t work that way. That is the reason we have a Talk page for each article.
:I suggest you restore the above Table to the article, and use this Talk page to explain your view as to why you think removal of such a large amount of information is warranted. You might be pleasantly surprised at the views expressed by others. If nobody comments, or nobody objects after, say a couple of days, you can remove the Table with some justification because you gave interested Users the opportunity to see your point of view, and to give you their point of view. ] ''(])'' 06:09, 14 September 2023 (UTC)
::{{ping|Dolphin51}} If you or anyone else wishes to restore the table of course you are welcome to do so to do so under the principle of ].
::The table may well have been useful when it was first added, but here are a few reasons why I think it is no longer useful:
::1) In many Misplaced Pages articles a table with sources over 10 years old would be fine, so you are correct that "Misplaced Pages has no guideline or recommendation that text or other information should be removed when the supporting sources reach 10 years old" and I am fine with that. However in this case the technology has advanced quite a lot since those days, so the numbers in the first 6 rows of the table are no longer reliable.
::2) The rest of the table (last 4 rows) are theoretical limits but it is difficult to check whether those rows are correct as it is hard to find out how they have been calculated as they are not cited.


:Oh yes I think just the most common refrigerants with a link to the details article ] (]) 08:02, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
::3) The refrigerant ] is not mentioned in the table.
::I have had a number of conversations with new purchasers of heat pumps who are suspicious of claims that 1 kJ of electricity can cause significantly more than 1kJ of heat to be transferred into a house. They think this claim might contravene the law of conservation of energy; and they know it would be impossible from a combustion heater. ] ''(])'' 08:25, 6 October 2023 (UTC)


== What do students want/need from this article? ==
::I would be happy to discuss this further with you or anyone else as I am not an expert on the subject ] (]) 06:32, 14 September 2023 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Chidgk1}}: Thanks for your response. I will comment on your three observations:
:::1) Misplaced Pages is not a design manual so no professional engineer should be using this Table for the purposes of designing a space heating system in a home or building. The first-mentioned COP in the Table is 2.2 and this is valuable information. The latest technology may have changed that to 2.7 or 3.2 but that is of secondary importance. The primary information is that an ASHP taking air from -20 to +35 has a COP of around 2. It isn't zero and it isn't 5, whereas other COPs in the first six lines in the Table are as high as 7.2. If you believe it would be useful for this article to provide more current data, the appropriate step would be to update the Table, not remove it.
:::2) Three of the rows in the Table are theoretical limits associated with a Carnot cycle operating between the nominated temperatures. You have written that it is hard to check this information because the method of calculation is not cited. That is incorrect. The method of calculating these Carnot COPs is presented at ]. For example, COP of the Carnot cycle that goes from -20 to 35 is calculated as follows: The temperature range is -20 to 35; a difference of 55 degrees C (55 Kelvin). The output temperature is 35 degrees C or 308 Kelvin. Dividing 308 by 55 yields 5.6 as shown in the Table.
:::3) I agree that propane is not mentioned in the Table. Neither is ammonia or any of the fluorocarbon refrigerants. At least theoretically, the COP of a heat pump is not altered by the choice of refrigerant. I agree that the Table mentions carbon dioxide in the context of transcritical systems but this information would be equally valid for any transcritical system regardless of the choice of refrigerant. ] ''(])'' 13:23, 15 September 2023 (UTC)
::::Thanks for that useful info but I still think the average reader would just be confused by this table. For example it seems pointless having ancient numbers for "Two-stage" as readers won't know what "Two-stage" means without searching the term, and anyway I understand nowadays "variable speed" is more efficient. Such confusion might put them off reading the rest of the article. Also "In general, coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump is determined from physical and thermal properties of the selected refrigerant....." according to https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352484720313500] (]) 13:59, 15 September 2023 (UTC)
:::::I would like a 3rd opinion - could anyone else comment? ] (]) 14:01, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
::::::There is a process for requesting a third opinion - see ]. ] ''(])'' 14:05, 17 September 2023 (UTC)
:::::::Have requested - by the way https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/02/14/1068582/everything-you-need-to-know-about-heat-pumps/amp/ says R410a more efficient in cold ] (]) 10:45, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
:::::You have quoted "In general, coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pump is determined from physical and thermal properties of the selected refrigerant....." Sadly, this sentence is highly misleading. It suggests the choice of refrigerant is a primary determinant of the COP. Properties of the refrigerant may have a minor effect on the COP but the primary determinants are the temperature of the heat source, and the temperature in the space being heated - that is why, with any heat pump, the COP reduces as time passes and the temperature rises in the space being heated. See ] where it says "As the temperature of the interior of the building rises progressively to 300 K (27 °C) the coefficient of performance falls progressively to 9." (The COP changes even though the refrigerant in the heat pump never does.)
:::::] includes the sentiment that every reversible heat engine operating between the same heat reservoirs has the same thermal efficiency, regardless of the working fluid. A corollary of this theorem can be applied to heat pumps and it would say that every reversible heat pump operating between the same heat reservoirs has the same COP, regardless of the refrigerant. The reason that the choice of refrigerant has a small influence on the COP of a real heat pump is simply that real heat pumps are not reversible; they have irreversibilities that render their COPs slightly lower than the COP of the equivalent ]. ] ''(])'' 12:21, 18 September 2023 (UTC)


Well of course they want the answer to their homework but without the person marking it complaining they copied from Misplaced Pages. Or they want the answer to the question on tomorrow's exam. However we should probably give them what their teachers/lecturers want them to learn. So I think they need a wide overview of the subject with wikilinks in case they need to drill down to details - including scientific theory, technology, environmental benefits, economics and maybe more ] (]) 07:42, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
::::::The above Table was first inserted on 29 March 2008 by ]. See the . The Table was then substantially expanded on 19 April 2008, again by Ralph Purtcher; see the . Purtcher has not edited on Misplaced Pages since November 2022. ] ''(])'' 07:33, 22 September 2023 (UTC)


== Easy calculation? ==


The theory section says the calculation of COP and work is easy. Can anyone help me to explain it to readers - maybe in the footnotes?
{| style="border-top: solid thin lightgrey; background: transparent; padding: 4px;"
| ] '''Response to ]:'''
|-
| style="padding-left: 1.6em;" | The content of this table seems overly complicated for the general reader. ] allows for this type of info to be included in Misplaced Pages articles but also instructs editors to make this content understandable to less knowledgeable readers. For example, the COE table in provides some of the same information but does not require the reader to understand variations in equipment type. That might be a good compromise for future edits to this article. However, I don't think we need to spend a lot of time debating whether or not the table is too technical, because its content is dated. Technology data that is over ten years old is rarely going to be accurate or helpful in today's fast-changing design environment. I found newer DOE publications that seem to provide different data. It is beyond my ability to understand but I can tell that the numbers seem to be different. Thus, I recommend either updating the table or removing it until someone else (with expertise in this area) can look at the info. <!-- Template:Third opinion response --> ] (]) 22:50, 1 October 2023 (UTC)
|}


] says
::{{ping|Dolphin51}} As you are obviously more expert in the subject than me perhaps you would like to update the table? ] (]) 07:18, 2 October 2023 (UTC)
:::I have deleted it for now. Anyone thinking of updating it please consider the useful comments by Dolphin51 and Rublamb above - thanks ] (]) 12:59, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
::::The third opinion did NOT recommend or condone removal of the Table. ] wrote that they recommended “either updating the table or removing it ....” Particularly notice the use of the word “either”. I will restore the Table to the article.
::::This thread began when Chidgk1 wrote “sources are more than 10 years old so I suspect it is not really useful for readers.” Chidgk1 provided no explanation or clarification to support this claim. The suggestion that Chidgk1 ''suspects'' it is not useful for readers invites several obvious questions for which Chidgk1 provides no answer. For example, if the Table provides no useful information for readers, what are these readers using the Table for? Are they designing the air conditioning systems in high-rise buildings and they need up-to-date information on which to base their designs? Are they delivering lectures to classes of engineering students in the field of ventilation and air conditioning? Obviously NO to these.
::::When Rublamb provided the third opinion they copied and pasted Chidgk1’s description of the Table as being out of date etc. Sadly Rublamb did not notice that Chidgk1’s claims were entirely unsupported. Rublamb repeated Chidgk1’s claims the way a parrot repeats the suggestion that Polly wants a cracker. Rublamb’s opinion shows little or no inquisitiveness about Chidgk1’s claims that the Table is no longer useful to readers.
:::: The Table shows trends in the typical values of COP across each row: as temperature difference increases COP decreases and that is a very useful observation for readers. New technology won’t change that. Similarly trends are evident in the vertical columns; these trends are very useful and technological changes won’t alter them. The ideal COPs associated with the Carnot cycles are timeless and will never be altered by changes in equipment.
::::Who are these readers who need up-to-date information on heat pump equipment, and why are they coming to Misplaced Pages to obtain it? How does Chidgk1 know what they need with such authority that he can decide on their behalf that they are best served by removing the Table? ] ''(])'' 15:25, 4 October 2023 (UTC)


:::::Chidgk1 wrote “more than 10 years old so .... it is not really useful for readers.” There are several obvious questions that come to mind after reading that claim. eg who are the readers and what are their objectives in looking at this Table?


<math> {\rm COP}_{\rm heating}=\frac{T_{\rm H}}{T_{\rm H}-T_{\rm C}} </math>
:::::Sadly Rublamb did not see the need for any answers, or at least did not ask any questions. Rublamb, in their opinion, wrote “Technology data that is over ten years old is rarely going to be helpful” This is the same sentiment. Instead of being curious about the validity of Chidgk1’s sentence, Rublamb just repeated it, leaving the obvious questions unanswered. Ideally, a third opinion is an incisive, critical response, demonstrating some penetrating thought processes. ] ''(])'' 15:49, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
::::::{{ping|Dolphin51}} So does that mean you or someone else is going to update the table? ] (]) 17:03, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
::::::{{ping|Rublamb}} I am not an expert on heat pumps or readability but I do have some knowledge of both so if you have any questions I will be happy to answer them to the best of my ability. Or should we ask for a 4th opinion which is an "incisive, critical response, demonstrating some penetrating thought processes"? If so I think it would be best if {{ping|Dolphin51}} and I agreed beforehand to accept the 4th opinion to avoid wasting the time of your group. ] (]) 17:13, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
:::::@], As someone who volunteered their time and spent well over thirty minutes researching and reviewing this topic in order to provide a third opinion, I find your comments offensive and completely against the spirit of this dispute resolution process. It is fine to disagree with my opinion but it is not appropriate to turn this into a personal attack.
:::::I first read through this 3O request last week but decided not to take it on. with hopes that some with expertise might be available. However, when no one else helped and the request was reposted, I decided to give it a go. do have a science background (geology), worked in that field, took two semesters of college physics, and have been responsible for museum HVAC systems, so I can read scientific and engineering articles with some degree of understanding. Before writing my response, I looked at six different sources, including U.S. Department of Energy guidelines for heat pumps. I did not find any current source that had the same data set as the table in question. That is what led me to believe that this content in out of date. That being said, you may well be able to find a 2023 DOE info or fact sheet that includes this exact table and would, therefore, be able to simply update the source. Or, you might find slightly different data and decide that an update would be useful.
:::::For the record, I did not cut and paste anything from the discussion above. In fact, I did not even re-read your discussion after conducting research and beginning to draft my response My response cited MOS, providing guidance that I believe was lacking in your discussion. I also provided an exmaple of another way to present this type of data that would be more user-friendly. I used the phrase "more than ten years old" because, in fact, when I checked, every single source for this table was published more than ten years ago. I guess I should have been more precise, coming up with an average; let's just say all sources were published eleven to thirteen years ago, and many have been removed from the Internet.
:::::My suggestion was to remove the table or publish an updated version. Updating means refreshing data and providing current sources. Notice I did not suggest retaining the table as is as a third option. That was intentional as I do not support that option for the reasons stated. @], with regards to finding an expert, none of the conflict resolution processes of Misplaced Pages provide or guarantee an expert in the subject matter. What you typically get is an experienced editor with a basic understanding of Misplaced Pages's guidelines and mission, as well as a reasoned response. If you believe this topic requires an expert, please take it to WikiProject Engineering or WikiProject Electrical Engineering. However, I ask both of you to consider that if an expert is needed to interpret and moderate a decision on this topic, then the table may be conveying information that is too technical and too dense for Misplaced Pages. Asking who the audience is for this information is a really good start. Best of luck. ] (]) 20:12, 4 October 2023 (UTC)
::::::Chidgk1’s question at WP:Third opinion was “Should this Table be removed from the article?” This was an excellent wording to use because it cut through the various threads and asked a question that could be answered with either a Yes or No.
::::::Rublamb’s opinion was “I recommend either updating the table or removing it.” If the Table is updated, that means retaining it in the article. Considering Chidgk1’s question in its strictest wording, Rublamb’s opinion was “I recommend either or yes.” However, Rublamb’s opinion was actually aimed at the various threads visible in the numerous edits by Chidgk1 and me.
::::::On several occasions I have tried to make the point that this Table is a comparative table to demonstrate the manner in which COP varies with output temperature. I haven’t yet seen any acknowledgement that either Chidgk1 or Rublamb understand the significance of this observation. The first 6 lines of this Table are not presenting details of, say a Westinghouse unit versus a Mitsubishi unit, to demonstrate that one is superior to the other; it is presenting a single number to represent a generic class of heat pump, solely to demonstrate the variation in COP with output temperature. This is a bit like saying that automobiles with 6-cylinder gasoline engines travel at 72 mph whereas those with 8-cylinder engines travel at 81 mph. Clearly the former class of automobiles generally have less power than the latter and travel slower under identical conditions - updating these speeds to represent the current automobiles on the market is not going to reverse this trend.
::::::Chidgk1 and Rublamb have both written that they have explained their reason for advocating removal of the Table but I reject that view. I haven’t yet seen a plausible and legitimate reason for removing the Table. If the Table is removed it removes some useful and valuable information that is currently accessible by readers, leaving readers with only the equation to see how COP varies with output temperature; the equation is only useful for this purpose to those with an adequate understanding of linear algebra. In the absence of the Table, variation of COP with output temperature can be calculated, beginning by examining the following equation (which can be derived using the article):
::::::<math display="block">{\mathrm{COP}} = \frac{Q}{W}</math>
::::::This Task can be simplified by assuming the heat pump is an ideal device operating on the reverse Carnot cycle so that the equation is:
::::::<math> {\rm COP}_{\rm heating}=\frac{T_{\rm H}}{T_{\rm H}-T_{\rm C}} </math>
::::::where T<sub>H</sub> is the output temperature.
::::::To examine the way COP varies with output temperature I think the majority of readers will find it easier to use the Table than the Carnot equation.
::::::I have apologised to Rublamb for my intemperate language last night.


::::::] ''(])'' 10:55, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
:::::::I think your suggestion to consider the readers is useful. Perhaps we can step back from this narrow question for a while and ponder the readers in the talk section below. ] (]) 16:33, 5 October 2023 (UTC)
{{reflist-talk}}


] (]) 09:50, 22 February 2024 (UTC)
== Who are the readers of this article? ==


:ok I think I found my mistake - please check - also it would be great if other editors could improve this article more as it is so important ] (]) 10:39, 22 February 2024 (UTC)
I guess most of the readers of this article are either:


== US states previous incentives ==
1) Homeowners considering buying a heat pump


I moved the below here as perhaps no longer active so too much detail?
or


2) Teenagers being taught about heat pumps


Some US states and municipalities have previously offered incentives for air-source heat pumps:
But I don't have any evidence to back up my guess. Does anyone have a better idea who the readers are? ] (]) 17:19, 4 October 2023 (UTC)


; ]
:The article focuses on the practicalities of heat pumps, but it also relies in one or two places on the concept of the reverse Carnot cycle and the ]. This distinction is significant for our present discussions. The Carnot cycle and the second law are high-level topics typically only taught in college-level courses in applied physics and mechanical engineering. My point is that I think this article will attract a high proportion of its readers to the practical information about heat pumps; but only a small proportion of its readers will have knowledge of, or an interest in acquiring knowledge of, these two high-level topics.
: In 2022, the ] allocated an additional $40 million from the 2023 gas Cap-and-Trade allowance auction proceeds to the existing $44.7 million budget of the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) program, in which single-family residential customers can receive an incentive of up to $3,800 to install a HPWH. Half of the incentive funds are reserved for low-income utility customers, who are eligible for a maximum incentive of $4,885.<ref>{{cite web |title=CPUC Provides Additional Incentives and Framework for Electric Heat Pump Water Heater Program |url=https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/news-and-updates/all-news/cpuc-provides-additional-incentives-and-framework-for-electric-heat-pump-water-heater-program |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116225224/https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/news-and-updates/all-news/cpuc-provides-additional-incentives-and-framework-for-electric-heat-pump-water-heater-program |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=cpuc.ca.gov |publisher=California Public Utilities Commission}}</ref>
:In pursuit of ] we must provide a path through the article that avoids Carnot and the second law. The article itself, and one or two of it’s subordinate articles, present the math associated with the Carnot cycle so we must provide a path that allows readers to side-step this math if they wish. One example is the linear algebraic equation that defines the COP in terms of two temperatures - one high and one low. The Table titled “Variation of COP with output temperature” is the means by which readers can see clearly the way in which COP varies across each row, and down each column, and thereby avoid the algebraic equation associated with the reverse Carnot cycle.
; ]
:In the bottom 4 lines of the Table, readers can see the way in which COP varies in a perfect heat pump operating on the reverse Carnot cycle. In the top 6 lines, readers can see that in real, practical heat pumps, the COP varies with output temperature in exactly the same way. This is a quick and easy way for the majority of readers to absorb this information. ] ''(])'' 01:52, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
: The Efficiency Maine Trust offers residential heat-pump rebates of up to $1,200, as well as heat-pump rebates for low and moderate income Mainers of $2,000 for their first eligible heat pump and up to $400 for a second eligible heat pump.<ref>{{cite web |title=Residential Heat Pump Rebates |url=https://www.efficiencymaine.com/at-home/ductless-heat-pumps/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116235006/https://www.efficiencymaine.com/at-home/ductless-heat-pumps/ |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=Efficiency Maine |publisher=The Efficiency Maine Trust}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Heat Pump Rebates for Low and Moderate Income Mainers |url=https://www.efficiencymaine.com/income-eligible-heat-pump/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116235005/https://www.efficiencymaine.com/income-eligible-heat-pump/ |archive-date=16 November 2022 |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=Efficiency Maine |publisher=The Efficiency Maine Trust}}</ref>
::OK so I take it you agree with me about who most of the readers are. As I suspect the 2 groups have somewhat different needs I am going to start a couple more talk sections below to try and keep things clear and will reply there to your interesting points about the theory. ] (]) 06:42, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
; ]
: Mass Save, a collaborative initiative between Massachusetts' natural gas and electric utilities and energy efficiency service providers, offers an air-source heat-pump rebate of up to $10,000, which covers the purchase price of the heat pump and installation costs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Source Heat Pump Rebates |url=https://www.masssave.com/saving/residential-rebates/air-source-heat-pumps |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117001357/https://www.masssave.com/saving/residential-rebates/air-source-heat-pumps |archive-date=17 November 2022 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=Mass Save}}</ref>
; ]
: Minnesota Power offers an air-source heat-pump rebate of up to $1,200 if the pump is bought and installed by a Minnesota Power Participating Contractor.<ref>{{cite web |title=ASHP Rebates |url=https://www.mnpower.com/ProgramsRebates/ASHPRebates |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117004207/https://www.mnpower.com/ProgramsRebates/ASHPRebates |archive-date=17 November 2022 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=Minnesota Power}}</ref>
; ]
: Dominion Energy South Carolina offers a $400–$500 rebate for purchasing and installing an ] certified heat pump or air-conditioning unit.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rebates for Heating & Cooling System Replacements |url=https://www.dominionenergy.com/south-carolina/save-energy/heating-and-cooling-rebates/replacing-new-equipment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202024231/https://www.dominionenergy.com/south-carolina/save-energy/heating-and-cooling-rebates/replacing-new-equipment |archive-date=2 December 2022 |access-date=1 December 2022 |website=Dominion Energy}}</ref>

] (]) 12:17, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

{{reflist-talk}}

Latest revision as of 12:24, 13 April 2024

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Who are the readers of this article?

I guess most of the readers of this article are either:

1) Homeowners considering buying a heat pump

or

2) Teenagers being taught about heat pumps

But I don't have any evidence to back up my guess. Does anyone have a better idea who the readers are? Chidgk1 (talk) 17:19, 4 October 2023 (UTC)

The article focuses on the practicalities of heat pumps, but it also relies in one or two places on the concept of the reverse Carnot cycle and the second law of thermodynamics. This distinction is significant for our present discussions. The Carnot cycle and the second law are high-level topics typically only taught in college-level courses in applied physics and mechanical engineering. My point is that I think this article will attract a high proportion of its readers to the practical information about heat pumps; but only a small proportion of its readers will have knowledge of, or an interest in acquiring knowledge of, these two high-level topics.
In pursuit of WP:Make technical articles understandable we must provide a path through the article that avoids Carnot and the second law. The article itself, and one or two of it’s subordinate articles, present the math associated with the Carnot cycle so we must provide a path that allows readers to side-step this math if they wish. One example is the linear algebraic equation that defines the COP in terms of two temperatures - one high and one low. The Table titled “Variation of COP with output temperature” is the means by which readers can see clearly the way in which COP varies across each row, and down each column, and thereby avoid the algebraic equation associated with the reverse Carnot cycle.
In the bottom 4 lines of the Table, readers can see the way in which COP varies in a perfect heat pump operating on the reverse Carnot cycle. In the top 6 lines, readers can see that in real, practical heat pumps, the COP varies with output temperature in exactly the same way. This is a quick and easy way for the majority of readers to absorb this information. Dolphin (t) 01:52, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
OK so I take it you agree with me about who most of the readers are. As I suspect the 2 groups have somewhat different needs I am going to start a couple more talk sections below to try and keep things clear and will reply there to your interesting points about the theory. Chidgk1 (talk) 06:42, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

What do homeowners want from this article?

I totally agree with you that very few of these readers will want the reverse Carnot cycle and the second law of thermodynamics and if they do they can click through to those articles.

By "homeowners" I also mean people with commonhold of flats. I think homeowners will need

1) The basic idea that they work like a refrigerator and are more environmentally friendly than fossil fuelled heating.

2) Overview of the types so they can rule out some of the options and click through to a more detailed article - for example someone with a small garden will rule out GSHP and likely click through to ASHP, whereas someone in a flat in a block which already has fossil fuelled district heating will likely want to (also) go through to GSHP to prepare for talking to the managers of the block or local politicians for the district.

3) A little info comparing the types so that someone with a lot of land or building their own new house can have an idea of the pros and cons of GSHP versus ASHP. For example that GSHP will likely be more expansive to install but use less electricity especially in cold weather.

4) To know that they need to decide whether they want cooling as well as space heating and whether they want water heating. But not lots of detail as that can be in the articles such as ASHP. Possibly also a link to Heat recovery ventilation for people building their own new house.

5) To know that some governments give purchase subsidies so they can then find out subsidy details either in a country level article such as Energy policy of Australia or non-Misplaced Pages national sources. Or if the incentives stay here they should be put in a table which can be split off to a new list article if it gets too big.

I may have missed something but this article should not have detail which is better put in more specialized articles. Chidgk1 (talk) 07:22, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

Oh yes I think just the most common refrigerants with a link to the details article Chidgk1 (talk) 08:02, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
I have had a number of conversations with new purchasers of heat pumps who are suspicious of claims that 1 kJ of electricity can cause significantly more than 1kJ of heat to be transferred into a house. They think this claim might contravene the law of conservation of energy; and they know it would be impossible from a combustion heater. Dolphin (t) 08:25, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

What do students want/need from this article?

Well of course they want the answer to their homework but without the person marking it complaining they copied from Misplaced Pages. Or they want the answer to the question on tomorrow's exam. However we should probably give them what their teachers/lecturers want them to learn. So I think they need a wide overview of the subject with wikilinks in case they need to drill down to details - including scientific theory, technology, environmental benefits, economics and maybe more Chidgk1 (talk) 07:42, 6 October 2023 (UTC)

Easy calculation?

The theory section says the calculation of COP and work is easy. Can anyone help me to explain it to readers - maybe in the footnotes?

Coefficient of performance says


C O P h e a t i n g = T H T H − T C {\displaystyle {\rm {COP}}_{\rm {heating}}={\frac {T_{\rm {H}}}{T_{\rm {H}}-T_{\rm {C}}}}}


Chidgk1 (talk) 09:50, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

ok I think I found my mistake - please check - also it would be great if other editors could improve this article more as it is so important Chidgk1 (talk) 10:39, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

US states previous incentives

I moved the below here as perhaps no longer active so too much detail?


Some US states and municipalities have previously offered incentives for air-source heat pumps:

California
In 2022, the California Public Utilities Commission allocated an additional $40 million from the 2023 gas Cap-and-Trade allowance auction proceeds to the existing $44.7 million budget of the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) program, in which single-family residential customers can receive an incentive of up to $3,800 to install a HPWH. Half of the incentive funds are reserved for low-income utility customers, who are eligible for a maximum incentive of $4,885.
Maine
The Efficiency Maine Trust offers residential heat-pump rebates of up to $1,200, as well as heat-pump rebates for low and moderate income Mainers of $2,000 for their first eligible heat pump and up to $400 for a second eligible heat pump.
Massachusetts
Mass Save, a collaborative initiative between Massachusetts' natural gas and electric utilities and energy efficiency service providers, offers an air-source heat-pump rebate of up to $10,000, which covers the purchase price of the heat pump and installation costs.
Minnesota
Minnesota Power offers an air-source heat-pump rebate of up to $1,200 if the pump is bought and installed by a Minnesota Power Participating Contractor.
South Carolina
Dominion Energy South Carolina offers a $400–$500 rebate for purchasing and installing an ENERGY STAR certified heat pump or air-conditioning unit.

Chidgk1 (talk) 12:17, 22 February 2024 (UTC)

References

  1. "CPUC Provides Additional Incentives and Framework for Electric Heat Pump Water Heater Program". cpuc.ca.gov. California Public Utilities Commission. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  2. "Residential Heat Pump Rebates". Efficiency Maine. The Efficiency Maine Trust. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  3. "Heat Pump Rebates for Low and Moderate Income Mainers". Efficiency Maine. The Efficiency Maine Trust. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  4. "Air Source Heat Pump Rebates". Mass Save. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  5. "ASHP Rebates". Minnesota Power. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  6. "Rebates for Heating & Cooling System Replacements". Dominion Energy. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
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