480 BC: Difference between revisions

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	{{~~unreferenced~~\|date=February ~~2016~~}}		{{refimprove\|date=February 2024}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=February 2011}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=February 2011}}
	{{Year nav\|-480}}		{{Year nav\|-480}}
	{{~~BCE~~ year in topic\|480}}		{{BC year in topic\|480}}
	]		]
	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
	Year '''480 ~~BCE~~''' was a year of the ]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 274 '']'''''). The denomination 480 ~~BCE~~ for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the ] ] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.		Year '''480 BC''' was a year of the ]. At the time, it was known as the '''Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus''' (or, less frequently, '''year 274 '']'''''). The denomination 480 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the ] ] became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

	== Events ==		== Events ==
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	* May – King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace and Macedonia.		* May – King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace and Macedonia.
	* The Greek congress decides to send a force of 10,000 Greeks, including hoplites and cavalry, to the ], through which they believe the Persian army will pass. The force includes ]ians led by Euanetos and ] under ]. Warned by ] that the vale can be bypassed elsewhere and that the army of Xerxes is overwhelming, the Greeks decide not to try to hold there and vacate the vale.		* The Greek congress decides to send a force of 10,000 Greeks, including hoplites and cavalry, to the ], through which they believe the Persian army will pass. The force includes ]ians led by Euanetos and ] under ]. Warned by ] that the vale can be bypassed elsewhere and that the army of Xerxes is overwhelming, the Greeks decide not to try to hold there and vacate the vale.
	* ] – The ] ends in victory for the ] under Xerxes. His army engulfs a force of 300 ]ns and 700 ] under the ]n King, ]. The ] under Leonidas resist the advance through ] of Xerxes' vast army. For two days Leonidas and his troops withstand the ] attacks; he then orders most of his troops to retreat, and he and his 300-member royal guard fight to the last man.		* ] or ]-10 – The ] ends in victory for the ] under Xerxes. His army engulfs a force of 300 ]ns and 700 ] under the ]n King, ]. The ] under Leonidas resist the advance through ] of Xerxes' vast army. For two days Leonidas and his troops withstand the ] attacks; he then orders most of his troops to retreat, and he and his 300-member royal guard fight to the last man.
	* ] becomes regent for King Leonidas' son, ], after ] is killed at ]. Pausanias is a member of the ] royal family, the son of King ] and nephew of Leonidas.		* ] becomes regent for King Leonidas' son, ], after ] is killed at ]. Pausanias is a member of the ] royal family, the son of King ] and nephew of Leonidas.
	* ] and the coasts of ] are devastated by the ]. ] and most of ] join Xerxes.		* ] and the coasts of ] are devastated by the ]. ] and most of ] join Xerxes.
	* King ] is obliged to accompany Xerxes in a campaign through ], though he secretly aids the Greek allies. With Xerxes' apparent acquiescence, Alexander seizes the Greek ] of ] and advances his frontiers eastward to the ], taking in ] and ], along with the rich silver deposits of Mount Dysorus.		* King ] is obliged to accompany Xerxes in a campaign through ], though he secretly aids the Greek allies. With Xerxes' apparent acquiescence, Alexander seizes the Greek ] of ] and advances his frontiers eastward to the ], taking in ] and ], along with the rich silver deposits of Mount Dysorus.
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	* Breaking through the pass at ] from ]ia into ], the ] occupy ].		* Breaking through the pass at ] from ]ia into ], the ] occupy ].
	* ] – The ] sack ], whose citizens flee to ] and then ].		* ] – The ] sack ], whose citizens flee to ] and then ].
	* ] – The ] brings victory to the ], whose ] ] ] lures the ] into the Bay of Salamis, between the ] port-city of ] and the island of ]. The Greek ]s then attack furiously, ramming or sinking many ] ] and boarding others. The ] sink about 200 ] ] while losing only about 40 of their own. The rest of the ] fleet is scattered, and as a result Xerxes has to postpone his planned land offensives for a year, a delay that gives the Greek city-states time to unite against him. ] fights on the winning side.		* ] – The ] brings victory to the ], whose ] general ] lures the ] into the Bay of Salamis, between the ] port-city of ] and the island of ]. The Greek ]s then attack furiously, ramming or sinking many ] ] and boarding others. The ] sink about 200 ] ] while losing only about 40 of their own. The rest of the ] fleet is scattered, and as a result Xerxes has to postpone his planned land offensives for a year, a delay that gives the Greek city-states time to unite against him. ] fights on the winning side.
	* An eclipse of the sun discourages the Greek army from following up the victory of ]. Xerxes returns to ] leaving behind an army under ], which winters in ].		* An eclipse of the sun discourages the Greek army from following up the victory of ]. Xerxes returns to ] leaving behind an army under ], which winters in ].

	==== Rome ====		==== Rome ====
	* The Romans achieve a significant ] against ] after a close-fought battle. Tensions between the Roman classes flare during the battle. ] and the consul ] perish in the fighting.		* The Romans achieve a significant ] against ] after a close-fought battle. Tensions between the Roman classes flare during the battle. ] and the consul ] perish in the fighting.
	* The tribune ] unsuccessfully advocates an ].		* The tribune ] unsuccessfully advocates an ].

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	==== Arts ====		==== Arts ====
	* The ] of ] ends in ] and is succeeded by the Severe (Early ]) period (approximate date).		* The ] of ] ends in ] and is succeeded by the Severe (Early ]) period (approximate date).
	* A sculpture of a ''Dying ~~warrior~~'' is made in the left corner of the east pediment of the ] in ] (approximate date). Today, it is preserved at the ''Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek'' in ], ].		* A sculpture of the ''Dying Warrior'' is made in the left corner of the east pediment of the ] in ] (approximate date). Today, it is preserved at the ] in ], ].
	* The sculpture of a '']'' is made on ], ] (approximate date). It is now preserved in the ] in ].		* The sculpture of the '']'' is made on ], ] (approximate date). It is now preserved in the ] in ].
	* Work begins on the detail ''Musicians and Dancers'' on a wall painting in the ''Tomb of the Lionesses'' in ]. It is finished some ].		* Work begins on the detail ''Musicians and Dancers'' on a wall painting in the Tomb of the Lionesses in ]. It is finished some ].
	</onlyinclude>		</onlyinclude>

	== Births ==		== Births ==
	* ] – ], ] ] (d. ])		* ] (traditional date) – ], ] ] (d. ])
	* ], ] orator (d. ])		* ], ] orator (d. ])
	* ], ] ~~mathematician~~ and ~~philosopher~~ (d. c. ])		* ], ] scribe and priest (d. c. ])
			* ], Greek architect and urban planner (d. ])
			* ] (suggested), ] and religious teacher (d. ])

	== Deaths ==		== Deaths ==
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	* ], ] ] (b. ])		* ], ] ] (b. ])
	* ], ] general (suicide after his defeat in the ])		* ], ] general (suicide after his defeat in the ])
			* ], Greek philosopher (approximate year)<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Heraclitus \| access-date=February 24, 2024 \| title=Heraclitus \| series=Encyclopædia Britannica \| date=February 2, 2024}}</ref>
	* ] (Zilu), a prominent ] (b. ])		* ] (Zilu), a prominent ] (b. ])
	* ], a former consul (twice) of Rome, dies in battle against ].		* ], a former consul (twice) of Rome, dies in battle against ].
	* ], Roman consul, dies in battle against ].		* ], Roman consul, dies in battle against ].
			* ], Chinese Duchess ruler.
	* ], ] scribe and priest (b. c. ])

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:480 ~~BCE~~}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:480 BC}}
	]		]

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Calendar year

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	6th century BC 5th century BC 4th century BC
Decades:	500s BC 490s BC 480s BC 470s BC 460s BC
Years:	483 BC 482 BC 481 BC 480 BC 479 BC 478 BC 477 BC

Politics
480 BC by topic
State leaders Political entities
Categories
Births Deaths
v t e

480 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	480 BC CDLXXX BC
Ab urbe condita	274
Ancient Egypt era	XXVII dynasty, 46
- Pharaoh	Xerxes I of Persia, 6
Ancient Greek era	75th Olympiad (victor )¹
Assyrian calendar	4271
Balinese saka calendar	N/A
Bengali calendar	−1073 – −1072
Berber calendar	471
Buddhist calendar	65
Burmese calendar	−1117
Byzantine calendar	5029–5030
Chinese calendar	庚申年 (Metal Monkey) 2218 or 2011 — to — 辛酉年 (Metal Rooster) 2219 or 2012
Coptic calendar	−763 – −762
Discordian calendar	687
Ethiopian calendar	−487 – −486
Hebrew calendar	3281–3282
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	−423 – −422
- Shaka Samvat	N/A
- Kali Yuga	2621–2622
Holocene calendar	9521
Iranian calendar	1101 BP – 1100 BP
Islamic calendar	1135 BH – 1134 BH
Javanese calendar	N/A
Julian calendar	N/A
Korean calendar	1854
Minguo calendar	2391 before ROC 民前2391年
Nanakshahi calendar	−1947
Thai solar calendar	63–64
Tibetan calendar	阳金猴年 (male Iron-Monkey) −353 or −734 or −1506 — to — 阴金鸡年 (female Iron-Rooster) −352 or −733 or −1505

Year 480 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vibulanus and Cincinnatus (or, less frequently, year 274 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 480 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Greece

May – King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace and Macedonia.
The Greek congress decides to send a force of 10,000 Greeks, including hoplites and cavalry, to the Vale of Tempe, through which they believe the Persian army will pass. The force includes Lacedaemonians led by Euanetos and Athenians under Themistocles. Warned by Alexander I of Macedon that the vale can be bypassed elsewhere and that the army of Xerxes is overwhelming, the Greeks decide not to try to hold there and vacate the vale.
August 20 or September 8-10 – The Battle of Thermopylae ends in victory for the Persians under Xerxes. His army engulfs a force of 300 Spartans and 700 Thespiae under the Spartan King, Leonidas I. The Greeks under Leonidas resist the advance through Thermopylae of Xerxes' vast army. For two days Leonidas and his troops withstand the Persian attacks; he then orders most of his troops to retreat, and he and his 300-member royal guard fight to the last man.
Pausanias becomes regent for King Leonidas' son, Pleistarchus, after Leonidas I is killed at Thermopylae. Pausanias is a member of the Agiad royal family, the son of King Cleombrotus and nephew of Leonidas.
Phocis and the coasts of Euboea are devastated by the Persians. Thebes and most of Boeotia join Xerxes.
King Alexander I of Macedon is obliged to accompany Xerxes in a campaign through Greece, though he secretly aids the Greek allies. With Xerxes' apparent acquiescence, Alexander seizes the Greek colony of Pydna and advances his frontiers eastward to the Strymon, taking in Crestonia and Bisaltia, along with the rich silver deposits of Mount Dysorus.
The Athenian soldier and statesman, Aristides, as well as the former Athenian archon Xanthippus, return from banishment in Aegina to serve under Themistocles against the Persians.
August – The Persians achieve a naval victory over the Greeks in an engagement fought near Artemisium, a promontory on the north coast of Euboea. The Greek fleet holds its own against the Persians in three days of fighting but withdraws southward when news comes of the defeat at Thermopylae.
Breaking through the pass at Thermopylae from Macedonia into Greece, the Persians occupy Attica.
September 21 – The Persians sack Athens, whose citizens flee to Salamis and then Peloponnesus.
September 22 – The Battle of Salamis brings victory to the Greeks, whose Athenian general Themistocles lures the Persians into the Bay of Salamis, between the Athenian port-city of Piraeus and the island of Salamis. The Greek triremes then attack furiously, ramming or sinking many Persian vessels and boarding others. The Greeks sink about 200 Persian vessels while losing only about 40 of their own. The rest of the Persian fleet is scattered, and as a result Xerxes has to postpone his planned land offensives for a year, a delay that gives the Greek city-states time to unite against him. Aeschylus fights on the winning side.
An eclipse of the sun discourages the Greek army from following up the victory of Salamis. Xerxes returns to Persia leaving behind an army under Mardonius, which winters in Thessaly.

Rome

The Romans achieve a significant victory against Veii after a close-fought battle. Tensions between the Roman classes flare during the battle. Quintus Fabius and the consul Manlius perish in the fighting.
The tribune Titus Pontificius unsuccessfully advocates an agrarian law.

Sicily

Xerxes encourages the Carthaginians to attack the Greeks in Sicily. Under the Carthaginian military leader, Hamilcar, Carthage sends across a large army.
The Greek city of Himera in Sicily, in its quarrel with Akragas, enlists Carthaginian support. With the help of Gelo, the tyrant of Syracusae, and Theron of Akragas, the Carthaginians are defeated in the Battle of Himera. After the defeat, Hamilcar kills himself.

Persian empire

The Imperial treasury at the Persepolis Palace is completed after a building time of thirty years.

By topic

Arts

The archaic period of sculpture ends in Greece and is succeeded by the Severe (Early Classical) period (approximate date).
A sculpture of the Dying Warrior is made in the left corner of the east pediment of the Temple of Aphaea in Aegina (approximate date). Today, it is preserved at the Staatliche Antikensammlungen und Glyptothek in Munich, Germany.
The sculpture of the Kritios Boy is made on Acropolis, Athens (approximate date). It is now preserved in the Acropolis Museum in Athens.
Work begins on the detail Musicians and Dancers on a wall painting in the Tomb of the Lionesses in Tarquinia. It is finished some ten years later.

Births

September 22 (traditional date) – Euripides, Greek playwright (d. 406 BC)
Antiphon, Attic orator (d. 411 BC)
Ezra, Jewish scribe and priest (d. c. 440 BCE)
Hippodamus of Miletus, Greek architect and urban planner (d. 408 BC)
Siddhartha Gautama (suggested), wandering ascetic and religious teacher (d. 400 BC)

Deaths

August 11 – Leonidas I, Agiad King of Sparta (died at Thermopylae)
Xenophanes, Greek philosopher (b. 570 BC)
Hamilcar, Carthaginian general (suicide after his defeat in the Battle of Himera)
Heraclitus, Greek philosopher (approximate year)
Zhong You (Zilu), a prominent disciple of Confucius (b. 542 BC)
Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, a former consul (twice) of Rome, dies in battle against Veii.
Gnaeus Manlius Cincinnatus, Roman consul, dies in battle against Veii.
Lady Nanzi, Chinese Duchess ruler.

References

"Heraclitus". Encyclopædia Britannica. February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.

Category:

480 BC