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| Handel has generally been accorded high esteem by fellow composers, both in his own time and since.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/01_january/13/composer6.shtml |title=BBC Press Release |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=13 April 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127140028/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/01_january/13/composer6.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> ] attempted, unsuccessfully, to meet Handel while he was visiting ].<ref>{{harvnb|Dent|2004|p=23}}</ref> (Handel was born in the same year as Bach and ].) ] is reputed to have said of him, "Handel understands ] better than any of us. When he chooses, he strikes like a thunder bolt."<ref name="YoungMM">{{cite book |last=Young |first=Percy Marshall |url=https://archive.org/details/handel00youn_0 |title=Handel (Master Musician series) |date=1 April 1975 |publisher=J. M. Dent & Sons |isbn=0-460-03161-9 |page= |author-link=Percy Young |url-access=registration |orig-year=1947}}</ref> To ] he was "the master of us all... the greatest composer that ever lived. I would uncover my head and kneel before his tomb."<ref name="YoungMM" /> Beethoven emphasised above all the simplicity and popular appeal of Handel's music when he said, "Go to him to learn how to achieve great effects, by such simple means." | |||
| {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2011}} | |||
| {{Infobox NCAA football school | |||
| |CurrentSeason=2012 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team | |||
| | TeamName = Texas Tech Red Raiders football | |||
| | Image = Texas Tech Red Raiders Logo.svg | |||
| | ImageSize = 125 | |||
| | Helmet = | |||
| | ImageSize2 = | |||
| | HeadCoachDisplay = Tommy Tuberville | |||
| | HeadCoachLink = Tommy Tuberville | |||
| | HeadCoachYear = 3rd | |||
| | HCWins = 13<!-- THROUGH 2011 BAYLOR LOSS--> | |||
| | HCLosses = 11<!-- THROUGH 2011 BAYLOR LOSS--> | |||
| | Stadium = Jones AT&T Stadium | |||
| | StadCapacity = 60,454<ref name=MediaGuide2010-81 /> | |||
| | StadSurface = FieldTurf | |||
| | Location = Lubbock, Texas | |||
| | ConferenceDisplay= Big 12 | |||
| | ConferenceLink = Big 12 Conference | |||
| | PastAffiliations = ]<br>] | |||
| | FirstYear = 1925 | |||
| | AthlDirectorDisp = Kirby Hocutt | |||
| | AthlDirectorLink = Kirby Hocutt | |||
| | WebsiteName = Texas Tech Red Raiders | |||
| | WebsiteURL = http://texastech.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/text-m-footbl-body.html | |||
| | ATWins = 524<!-- THROUGH 2011 BAYLOR LOSS--> | |||
| | ATLosses = 405<!-- THROUGH 2011 BAYLOR LOSS--> | |||
| | ATTies = 32 | |||
| | ATPercentage = {{Winning percentage|524|405|32}}<!-- THROUGH 2011 BAYLOR LOSS--> | |||
| | BowlWins = 12 <!-- THROUGH 2011 TICKETCITY BOWL WIN --> | |||
| | BowlLosses = 21 <!-- THROUGH 2011 TICKETCITY BOWL WIN --> | |||
| | BowlTies = 1 | |||
| | NatlTitles = | |||
| | ConfTitles = 11 | |||
| | DivTitles = 1 | |||
| | Heismans = 0 (8 finalists) | |||
| | AllAmericans = 11<ref>{{cite web | last = NCAA | title = NCAA Football Award Winners | page = 16 | year = 2009 | url = http://web1.ncaa.org/web_files/stats/football_records/DI/2009/2009Awards.pdf | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> | |||
| | uniform = File:Big12-Uniform-TTU.png | |||
| | Color1 = Black | |||
| | Color1Hex = 000000 | |||
| | Color2 = Scarlet | |||
| | Color2Hex = CC0000 | |||
| | FightSong = ] | |||
| | MascotDisplay = ] /<br />] | |||
| | MarchingBand = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Texas Tech Red Raiders football''' program is a ] team that represents ] (variously "Tech" or "TTU"). The team competes, as a member of the ], which is a ] Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) of the ] (NCAA). The program began in ] and has an overall winning record, including a total of eleven conference titles and one division title. On January 10, 2010, ] became the team's ], replacing ]. Home games are played at ] in ].<ref name="History">{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Football History Database|url=http://www.nationalchamps.net/NCAA/database/texastech_database.htm|accessdate=2006-12-31}}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| {{Main|History of Texas Tech Red Raiders football}} | |||
| Texas Tech (then known as ]) fielded its first intercollegiate football team during the ]. The team was known as the "]s" from 1925 to 1936, a name suggested by the wife of ], the first football coach, to reflect the influence of the ] on ]. In 1932, Texas Tech joined the ], also known as the Border Conference. The school's short-lived Matadors moniker was replaced officially in ] with "Red Raiders", a nickname bestowed upon them by a sportswriter impressed by their bright Scarlet uniforms that remains to this day. That same year, the team won its first conference championship and was invited to the ]. The game was played on January 1, 1938, and resulted in a 7–6 loss to the ]. Texas Tech suffered four more bowl losses before their first postseason win in the 1952 Sun Bowl.<ref name=Bowlresults>{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Bowl History|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/bowl_history.php|accessdate=September 19, 2009}}</ref> Before withdrawing from the Border Conference in 1956, the Red Raiders won eight conference championships and one co-championship, ]. | |||
| In 1956, Texas Tech was admitted to the ] (SWC) but was ineligible for any title during a four-year probationary period. It gained full SWC membership and began official conference play in 1960. The Red Raiders won conference co-championships in 1976 and 1994. The team remained in the SWC until the conference dissolved in 1996.<ref name=Yearlyresults>{{cite web|title=Texas Tech Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=September 19, 2009}}</ref> The university was invited and became a charter member in the South Division of the ]. Texas Tech was the only member in the history of the Big 12 to boast a winning record every year since the conference's formation, suffering their first losing season in 2011.<ref name=Yearlyresults />{{#tag:ref|While in the Big 12 Conference:<br />Baylor's first losing season was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Baylor Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/baylor/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Colorado's first losing season was in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colorado Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/colorado/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Iowa State's first losing season was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iowa State Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/iowa_state/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Kansas' first losing season was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/kansas/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Kansas State's first losing season was in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas State Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/kansas_state/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Missouri's first losing season was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Missouri Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/missouri/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Nebraska's first losing season was in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nebraska Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/nebraska/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Oklahoma's first losing season was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/oklahoma/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Oklahoma State's first losing season was in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oklahoma State Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/oklahoma_state/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Texas' first losing season was in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|title=Texas Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref><br />Texas A&M's first losing season was in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Texas A&M Yearly Totals|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_a&m/yearly_totals.php|accessdate=2009-10-12}}</ref>|group="A"}} In 2008, the Red Raiders were one of three football teams involved in ]. | |||
| ==Stadium== | |||
| {{Main|Jones AT&T Stadium}} | |||
| ] | |||
| The Red Raiders play their home games ] at ]. The stadium opened in 1947 as Clifford B. and Audrey Jones Stadium. In 2000, Jones Stadium was renamed, Jones SBC Stadium, in recognition of a $30 million donation from ]. Reflecting SBC Communications' rebranding as ], the stadium's name was renamed in 2005 as Jones AT&T Stadium.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=22200 | title =Jones AT&T Stadium. Delivered. | date =2006-04-06 | publisher = ] | accessdate =2010-12-08 }}</ref> Then known as the Matadors, Texas Tech's first home field was a makeshift stadium at the ] in Lubbock, for the 1925 season and first game of the 1926 season. In 1926, Tech Stadium, a wooden horseshoe shaped 12,000 seat stadium, was built on campus.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/pdf/1983.pdf | title =From the Fair Grounds to Jones Stadium | first =Michael Q. | last =Hooks | month =May/June | year =1983 | work =Texas Techsan | publisher =] | page =24 | format =PDF | accessdate =2010-12-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last = Rushing | first = Jane Gilmore | authorlink = Jane Gilmore Rushing | coauthors = Kline A. Nall | title = Evolution of a University: Texas Tech's first fifty years | publisher = Madrona Press | year = 1975 | location = ] | page = 127 | isbn = 0-89052-017-8}}</ref> Twenty-years later, Jones Stadium as was completed for the ]. Two years prior to the stadium's opening, ], former ], established a $100,000 trust toward construction for a new football stadium. The Texas Tech Board of Directors voted to name the new facility in honor of the former president and his wife's contribution.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Andrews | first = Ruth Horn | title = The First Thirty Years: a History of Texas Technological College | publisher = ]|page= 68 | year = 1956 | location = Lubbock, Texas}}</ref> | |||
| Since opening with a seating capacity of 18,000, the stadium has been continuously expanded and renovated. In 1960, the addition of a lower bowl doubled the seating capacity to 41,500, an expansion in 1972 added over 10,000 seats, during the 1990s, 2,000 seats were added, and additions in the 2000s brought the current seating capacity to 60,454.<ref name=MediaGuide2010-81>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf |title=2010 Football Media Supplement |publisher=] |page=81 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-08-06 }}</ref> In 2003, a seven-story building including 47 suites, a club seat level and new press box replaced the former press box constructed in 1959.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/070503/ran_070503044.shtml |title=Stadium Club view fan-tastic |date=2003-07-05 |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-08 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://today.ttu.edu/2008/11/jones-stadium-tradition/ |title=Cultivating the Home Field Advantage, A Memoir |first=Kristina Woods |last=Butler |date=2008-11-06 |work=Texas Tech Today |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-10 }}</ref> In 2010, expansion to the east side of the stadium included a five-story addition that includes 1,000 general-admission seats, 542 club seats, 30 suites, a dining club, and ]. Also, ticket and athletic offices are expected to relocate to the East Side Building.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uwire.com/2010/07/19/renovations-to-jones-att-stadium-set-for-completion-in-time-for-season-opener/ |title=Renovations to Jones AT&T Stadium set for completion in time for season opener |first=Evan |last=Jansa |date=2010-07-19 |work=] |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-10 }}</ref> | |||
| When Jones AT&T Stadium opened in 1947, the playing surface was originally natural grass. However, at the beginning of the 1972 season, the stadium's natural grass was replaced with ]. Jones AT&T Stadium has had a ] playing surface since 2006.<ref name=MediaGuide2010-81 /> Jones AT&T Stadium set an attendance record of 60,454 spectators September 18, 2010, when the Red Raiders hosted the Texas Longhorns. The game was the 60th between the in-state rivals. The previous record, with 57,733 in attendance, was set against the Texas A&M Aggies.<ref name=MediaGuide2010-81 /> | |||
| ==Culture== | |||
| ===Goin' Band from Raiderland=== | |||
| {{Main|Texas Tech University Goin' Band from Raiderland}} | |||
| ] performing in 2008]] | |||
| The Goin' Band from Raiderland, originally known as The Matador Band, is as old as Texas Tech itself. The band performed at the team's first game in October ], fielding between 21 and 25 members.<ref name="swco.ttu.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.swco.ttu.edu/University_Archive/pdf/1987.pdf |title=Property of Southwest Collection / Special Collections Library |format=PDF |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref name="GoinHistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.orgs.ttu.edu/goinband/History.asp |title=Goin' Band From Raiderland » History |publisher=Orgs.ttu.edu |date=December 3, 1997 |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> The following year the band earned its name when it became the first collegiate band to travel to an away game.<ref name="GoinHistory" /> American humorist ] once aided in financing a trip to ], so the band could perform at a game against the ].<ref>{{dead link|date=December 2011}}</ref> Today, in keeping with the campus' ], the uniforms of the Goin' Band are styled after the ''trajes'' of ]s, complete with cape and a flat-brimmed "]" hat. The 450-member band, which was awarded the ] in 1999, performs at all home football games and at various other events.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Sudler Trophy| publisher=]|month=November | year=2007|url=http://www.sousafoundation.org/allProjects/trophy.htm|accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref> | |||
| ===Mascots=== | |||
| {{Main|The Masked Rider|Raider Red}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] is Texas Tech University's oldest mascot. The tradition began in 1936, when "ghost riders" were dared to circle the field prior to home football games. The Masked Rider became an official mascot in 1954, when Joe Kirk Fulton led the team onto the field at the ]. According to reports from those present at the game, the crowd sat in stunned silence as they watched Fulton and his horse Blackie rush onto the football field, followed by the team. After a few moments, the silent crowd burst into cheers. Ed Danforth, a writer for the '']'' who witnessed the event, later wrote, "No team in any bowl game ever made a more sensational entrance."<ref>{{cite news|last=Smits|first=Garry|title=Mascots unmasked: A lasting tradition for Texas Tech began at 1954 Gator Bowl|work=]|date=2007-12-26|url=http://www.jacksonville.com/tu-online/stories/122507/col_228878061.shtml|accessdate=2006-04-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ritz|first=Jennifer|title=History of Masked Rider: A history of one of Texas Tech's Oldest and Best-Loved Traditions|work=Texas Techsan Magazine|url=http://www.depts.ttu.edu/spiritsquads/MR_History.htm|accessdate=2008-08-12}}</ref> In 2000, The Masked Rider tradition was commemorated with the unveiling of a statue outside of the university's Frazier Alumni Pavilion. The sculpture, created by artist Grant Speed, is 25 percent larger than life.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wolfe|first=Angel|title=Rider stands larger than life: A new statue dedicated to the history of the Masked Rider finds its home|date=2000-09-11|url=http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2000/09/11/CampusNews/Rider.Stands.Larger.Than.Life-1270800.shtml|accessdate=2008-09-01}}</ref> | |||
| Today the Masked Rider, with ], leads the team onto the field for all home games. This mascot, adorned in a distinctive ] hat like the ones worn by members of the marching band, is one of the most visible figures at Texas Tech. Christi Chadwell, a sophomore agricultural communications major from ], will represent the university as the Masked Rider during 2010/11.<ref>{{cite news|title=New mascots make first appearances|work=]|date=2010-04-20|url=http://www.dailytoreador.com/la-vida/new-mascots-make-first-appearances-1.2231825|accessdate=2010-07-15}}</ref> | |||
| Texas Tech's other mascot, ], is a more recent creation. Beginning with the 1971 football season, the Southwest Conference forbade the inclusion of live animal mascots to away games unless the host school consented. For situations where the host school did not want to allow the Masked Rider's horse, an alternate mascot was needed. Jim Gaspard, a member of the ] student spirit organization, created the original design for the Raider Red costume, basing it on a character created by cartoonist ], a Texas Tech alumnus and former Lubbock mayor.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gulick|first=Joe|title=Dirk West: Before the mustache, guns|work=]|date=2008-05-04|url=http://www.lubbockonline.com/stories/050408/loc_275256359.shtml|accessdate=2008-08-14}}</ref> Though the Masked Rider's identity is public knowledge, it has always been tradition that Raider Red's student alter ego is kept secret until the end of his or her tenure.<ref>{{cite web|title=Raider Red|publisher=Texas Tech University|url=http://www.ttu.edu/traditions/raiderred.php|accessdate=2008-08-30}}</ref> The student serving as Raider Red is a member of the Saddle Tramps or High Riders. | |||
| {{-}} | |||
| ===Rivalries=== | |||
| {{See also|Chancellor's Spurs|Texas A&M – Texas Tech football rivalry|The West Texas Championship}} | |||
| ] | |||
| Texas Tech first played Texas during the ] and have played annually since 1960 when Texas Tech began participating in the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/index.php |title=Texas Tech Historical Data |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> Since the ], the ], a ], has been exchanged between the two university system chancellors, in honor of the two universities' rivalry.<ref>{{cite web|author=Marlena Hartz |url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/121408/loc_367668194.shtml |title=Texas Tech chancellor reclaims spurs from Texas |work=Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |date=December 14, 2008 |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> The ] was one of three games that led to a ] in the Big 12 Conference South Division, the first three-way tie in a collegiate conference division.{{#tag:ref|The Atlantic Coast Conference's Atlantic and Coastal divisions, Mid-American Athletic Conference's West division, Southeastern Conference's East and West divisions, and Western Athletic Conference's Mountain and Pacific division have never had multiple division champions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=68 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=69 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=21 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=47 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=48 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=60 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=61 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> Only the Big 12 Conference's North and South divisions, and the Mid-American Conference's West division have had multiple division champions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=3 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=4 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/conference_champs/div_champions.php?divid=20 |title=Conference Division Champions |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref>|group="A"}} The Texas Longhorns lead the all-time series record with 45 wins of the 60 games played and has won 11 of 15 games since the Chancellor's Spurs were first exchanged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/opponents_records.php?teamid=3198 |title=Texas Tech Game by Game against Opponents |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| The Texas Tech Red Raiders have played more games against the ] and ], than any other opponents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/opponents.php |title=Texas Tech Opponents |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> Texas Tech first played the Aggies in 1927 and the teams have played annually since 1957. The ] has experienced multiple altercations off the playing field between coaches, players and fans.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.aggiesports.com/columnists/premeaux/093003premeaux.htm |title=AggieSports.com |publisher=AggieSports.com |date=September 30, 2003 |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> The Texas A&M Aggies lead the all-time series with thirty-six wins of the sixty-nine games played. Since both teams joined the Big 12 Conference in 1996, Texas Tech has won 10, while Texas A&M has won 6, of the these last 16 meetings. Texas A&M currently has a three game winning streak against Texas Tech following their 2011 victory against Texas Tech in Lubbock.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/opponents_records.php?teamid=3199 |title=Texas Tech Game by Game against Opponents |publisher=CFB Datawarehouse |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| A prior to Texas Tech joining the SWC, a traveling trophy was exchanged between the ] and Red Raiders. The trophy was of a miniature saddle and the game between the teams was dubbed "]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lubbockonline.com/editorial-columnists/2011-10-16/pettit-tcus-return-re-stirs-memories-days-left-behind#.Tpr9WpuAqU8 |title=Pettit: TCU's return re-stirs memories of days left behind | Lubbock Online | Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |publisher=Lubbock Online |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ==Uniforms== | |||
| Texas Tech's football team was originally known as the "]s" from 1925 to 1936, a name suggested by the wife of ], the first football coach, to reflect the ] on ].<ref>{{Cite book| last = Andrews | first = Ruth Horn | title = The First Thirty Years: a History of Texas Technological College | publisher = ] |page = 292 | year = 1956 | location = Lubbock, Texas}}</ref> The students followed the suggestion, and later chose scarlet and black as the school colors inspired by a matador's traditional red cape and black outfit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Kyle|coauthors=Siegrist, Nikki|title=Making Matadors: Spanish style architecture inspires Tech's first mascot|work=]|date=2003-03-13|url=http://media.www.dailytoreador.com/media/storage/paper870/news/2003/03/13/LifeLeisure/Making.Matadors-1276232.shtml|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> In 1934, ] ] ordered scarlet satin uniforms for the football team. He said that if the team did not attract attention by their playing, they would at least be noticed because of the flashy uniforms.<ref name=Andrews>{{Cite book| last = Andrews | first = Ruth Horn | title = The First Thirty Years: a History of Texas Technological College | publisher = ] |page = 302 | year = 1956 | location = Lubbock, Texas}}</ref> The football team, wearing its new outfit, defeated heavily-favored ] in Los Angeles on October 26, 1934.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cfbdatawarehouse.com/data/div_ia/big12/texas_tech/yearly_results.php?year=1930|title=Texas Tech Yearly Results|publisher=College Football Data Warehouse|accessdate=2008-10-15}}</ref> A Los Angeles sports writer called the Matadors a "red raiding team", coining the moniker Texas Tech's athletics teams use today.<ref name=Andrews/> | |||
| Texas Tech's uniform consists of any combination of scarlet, black, and white. Since 2006, ] has been the team's outfitter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://investor.underarmour.com/news/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=195604 |title=Under Armour, Inc. – Under Armour速 Partners with Texas Tech University to be the Official Outfitter of the University's Football Program |publisher=Investor.underarmour.com |date=March 27, 2006 |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| The ] was the first to wear white helmets since 1974. The white helmets were similar in design to the ones worn during the Jim Carlen era from 1970–1974 featuring a one inch scarlet stripe in the middle bordered by two half inch black stripes. The helmets used in 2010 feature a black face mask instead of scarlet and the current version of the ].<ref name="maskedraider.com">{{cite web|url=http://maskedraider.com/main.html#/experience |title=Texas Tech Football |publisher=Masked Raider |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> The helmets were worn for away games against the New Mexico Lobos, Iowa State Cyclones, and Oklahoma Sooners.<ref>{{cite web|author=Don Williams |url=http://lubbockonline.com/stories/091510/spo_707886%20524.shtml |title=Red Raiders' use of white helmets elicits range of opinions | Lubbock Online | Lubbock Avalanche-Journal |publisher=Lubbock Online |date=September 15, 2010 |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{dead link|date=December 2011}}</ref> | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| File:Big12-Uniform-TTU-2003-2004.png|2003–2004 uniform combinations | |||
| File:Big12-Uniform-TTU-2005.png|2005 uniform combinations | |||
| File:Big12-Uniform-TTU-2006-2009.png|2006–2009 uniform combinations | |||
| File:Big12-Uniform-TTU-2010.png|2010 uniform combinations | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| {{Clear}} | |||
| ==Individual honors== | |||
| {{Main|List of Texas Tech Red Raiders football honorees}} | |||
| ] | |||
| Many of Texas Tech's players have been recognized for their accomplishments while with the program. Four Red Raiders, ], ], ], and ], have been inducted into the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Awards.pdf |title=College Football Hall of Fame |work=Award Winners and All-Americans |publisher=] |page=23 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref> Anderson, Holub, and Parks are the only three players at Texas Tech to have had their numbers retired.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.texastech.com/trads/text-m-fb-atoz.html |title=Texas Tech A-to-Z |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> | |||
| Two Red Raiders, ] in 1965 and ] in 2008, have named ], which is bestowed upon the most outstanding college football player of that season by '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/almanac/nfl/cfbplay.html |title=TSN Player of the Year |work=] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uxzQUBZg |archivedate=2010-12-14 |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://collegesportsblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2008/12/texas-tech-qb-harrell-named-co-national.html |title=Texas Tech QB Harrell named co-national player of the year |first=Brandon |last=George |date=2008-12-17 |work=] |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> While no Texas Tech player has ever received the ], seven Red Raiders have received votes by the award's selection committee.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heisman.com/history/trophy_history.php |title=Brief History of The Heisman Memorial Trophy |publisher=Hesiman Trust |accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref> ] and ] both finished fourth in the voting in 1965 and 2008 respectively, the highest ranking any Red Raider has received from voters.<ref name="Hesiman1">{{cite web |url=http://collegefootball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=748500 |title=Heisman Trophy Voting:1935–1975 |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref><ref name="Hesiman2">{{cite web |url=http://collegefootball.rivals.com/content.asp?CID=757975 |title=Heisman Trophy Voting:1976–present |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref> Additionally, ], ], ], ], and ] were Heisman candidates, receiving enough votes to finish in the top ten.<ref name=Hesiman1 /><ref name=Hesiman2 /> | |||
| Texas Tech football players have won several individual awards based on their position.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf |title=National Awards |work=2010 Football Media Supplement |publisher=] |page=48 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-13 }}</ref> At the end of the 1993 season, ] received the ], and in 1996, ] became the second Red Raider to receive the award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smu.edu/doakwalker/doak_recipients.asp |title=Doak Walker Award Recipients |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> ] became the first two-time winner of the both the ] and ] in back-to-back seasons.<ref name="TCoC">{{cite web |url=http://www.touchdownclubofcolumbus.com/PastHonorees.htm |title=Past Honorees |publisher=] |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biletnikoffaward.com/pastwinner.htm |title=The Biletnikoff Award: Past Winners |publisher=The Tallahassee Quarterback Club Foundation, Inc. |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> While three Texas Tech quarterbacks, Kliff Kingsbury, B.J. Symons, and Graham Harrell, have been awarded the ], but only Harrell received the ].<ref name=TCoC /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goldenarmfoundation.com/past_winners/2008_Harrell.html |title=Past Winners: 2008, Graham Harrell |publisher=Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Educational Foundation, Inc. |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> In 2003, ] won the ], given annually to the best special teams player.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/boston/nfl/news/story?id=4940988 |title=Mosi Tatupu's cause of death not given |first=Mike |last=Reiss |date=2010-02-24 |publisher=ESPN |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> | |||
| In 1935, ] was the first football player from Texas Tech to be named an All-American. Since then, a total of forty-seven players have been named to an All-American team, twenty-nine were selected as first team All-Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf |title=All-Americans |work=2010 Football Media Supplement |publisher=] |pages=42, 43 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-13 }}</ref> Ten Red Raiders have been named consensus All-Americans, players who were awarded a majority of votes at their positions by the selectors.<ref name="ConsenusAA">{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Awards.pdf |title=Consensus All-Americans by College |work=Award Winners and All-Americans |publisher=] |page=16 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-13}}</ref> ] was named as a consensus All-Americans in 2007 and 2008, and is the only Red Raider to receive the honor twice.<ref name=ConsenusAA /> Ten Red Raiders have been named ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cosida.com/Academic%20All-America/aaaselections.aspx |title=All-Time Academic All-America (by schools T-Z) |publisher=] |page=405 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-14}}</ref> | |||
| ==Team achievements== | |||
| {{See also|List of Texas Tech Red Raiders football seasons}} | |||
| ===Post-season bowl games=== | |||
| {{Main|List of Texas Tech Red Raiders bowl games}} | |||
| ] | |||
| Texas Tech has played in 34 ] with an all-time record of 12 wins, 21 losses, and 1 tie.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=All-Time Bowl-Game Record |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=13 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> The Red Raiders rank fourth among current ] programs in bowl game appearances, and also boast the distinction of being the only program in the conference to be bowl eligible every season since its formation in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf |title=Bowl History |work=2010 Football Media Supplement |publisher=] |page=69 |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref> Along with the ] and ], the 33 bowl game appearances by the Red Raiders rank the program ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=All-Time Bowl Appearances Leaders |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=14 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> | |||
| Texas Tech's first bowl game was at the conclusion of the 1937 season, only 13 years after the program was established.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf |title=2010 Football Media Supplement |publisher=] |page=69 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-11 }}</ref> The Red Raiders played in the ] in ], against the ] on New Year's Day.<ref name=SunBowlResults>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=All-Time Bowl-Game Results |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=7 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> Nine of Texas Tech's 33 bowl game bids have been to the ].,<ref name="SunBowlResults"/> the most appearances by any team to the second-oldest college football bowl game.{{#tag:ref|The ] along with the ], and ] began at the end of the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=All-Time Bowl-Game Results |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |pages=6, 7 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> Only the ] is older.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=All-Time Bowl-Game Results |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=5 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref>|group=A}} Texas Tech's most recent bowl game appearance, the ], occurred on January 1, 2011, when the Red Raiders won, 45–38, against the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=All-Time Bowl-Game Results |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=9 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> The game was the team's eleventh consecutive bowl appearance that began with the ], in former head coach ]'s first season.<ref name=BowlsandCoaches>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=Team-by-Team Major Bowl Scores With Coach of Each Bowl Team |year=2010 |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=27 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-10}}</ref> | |||
| In ], Mike Leach's 9 bowl game appearances and 5 wins are the most of any ].<ref name="BowlsandCoaches"/> Only 4 head coaches, ], ], ], and ], have not led Texas Tech to a postseason bowl game.{{#tag:ref|Spike Dykes served as interim head coach for the ] after ] resigned immediately after the regular season.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2010FBmediasupplement.pdf |title=Bowl History |work=2010 Football Media Supplement |publisher=] |pages=62–66 |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref>|group=A}} In the ], ] was the first head coach to led the Red Raiders to a bowl game victory.<ref name="BowlsandCoaches"/> Although both ] and ] had led the program to previous bowl games, neither posted wins in their 5 combined appearances.<ref name="BowlsandCoaches"/> | |||
| The Red Raiders' fans have set attendance records at 10 bowl games, including the team's first bowl game appearance in the 1938 Sun Bowl.<ref name=BowlAttendance>{{cite web |url=http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/DI/2010/Bowl.pdf |title=Bowl-by-Bowl Attendance|work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |pages=32–38 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref> Although 8 of the 10 attendance records were eventually broken, attendance records from 2 bowl game appearances, the ] and ], remain unbroken. The 2009 AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic's attendance record of 88,175 was the second-most attended bowl game of the ].<ref name="BowlAttendance"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web1.ncaa.org/web_files/stats/football_records/DI/2009/2009BowlAllStar.pdf |title=Major Bowl-Game Attendance |work=Bowl/All-Star Game Records |publisher=] |page=33 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref> | |||
| ===Conference championships=== | |||
| *'''] championships''': 1937, 1942{{#tag:ref|Shared with ]|group="A"}}, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955 | |||
| *'''] championships''': 1976{{#tag:ref|Shared with the ]|group="A"}}, 1994{{#tag:ref|Shared with the ], ], ], and ]|group="A"}} | |||
| ===Division championship=== | |||
| *'''] South Division championship''': 2008{{#tag:ref|Shared with the ] and ]|group="A"}} | |||
| ==Players== | |||
| {{See also|List of Texas Tech Red Raiders in the NFL Draft|List of Texas Tech University alumni (sports)}} | |||
| *149 players<!--NOTE EDITORS: As of 2011 NFL Draft--> ] into the ] (NFL)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pro-football-reference.com/colleges/texastech/drafted.htm |title=Texas Tech Drafted Players/Alumni |accessdate=2010-06-09 |work=Sports Reference LLC |publisher=Pro-Football-Reference.com }}</ref> | |||
| *9 players currently in the NFL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/college/_/letter/t |title=NFL Players by College – T – National Football League |publisher=ESPN |date=January 2, 2011 |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ==Coaches and staff== | |||
| ===Head coaches=== | |||
| {{Main|List of Texas Tech Red Raiders head football coaches}} | |||
| ] | |||
| Texas Tech has had 14 head coaches, and one interim head coach. Four coaches have won ] championships with the Red Raiders: ], ], ], ], and ]. ] is the only head Texas Tech football coach to win a division title. Dykes is the all-time leader in games coached and years coached, while Leach is the all-time leader in overall wins. Higginbotham is, in terms of winning percentage, the worst coach the Red Raiders have had; he won one game while losing seven games and tying two, giving him a .200 winning percentage.<ref>{{cite web | title=2009 Media Supplement | publisher=Texas Tech University | accessdate=2009-12-30 | url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/text/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2009mediasupplement.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref> Cawthon's .693 winning percent ranks as the highest among the coaches.{{#tag:ref|Because he was an interim who only acted as head coach in one game, ]'s 1.000 was excluded.|group="A"}} | |||
| Morgan, Weaver, Dykes, and Leach have each received Coach of the Year honors from at least one organization. Morgan was named Border Conference Coach of the Year in 1949.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rushing|first=Jane Gilmore|authorlink=Jane Gilmore Rushing|coauthors=Kline A. Nall|title=Evolution of a University: Texas Tech's first fifty years|publisher=Madrona Press|year=1975|location=Austin, Texas|page=128|isbn=0-89052-017-8}}</ref> Twice—in 1951 and 1953—Weaver was named the Border Conference's Coach of the Year.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Andrews | first = Ruth Horn | title = The First Thirty Years: a History of Texas Technological College | publisher = ]|page=307 | year = 1956 | location = Lubbock, Texas}}</ref> Dykes was named Southwest Conference Coach of the Year in 1989 and two other years.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Brown | first = Chip | title = Tough Schedule Concerns Dykes | newspaper = Victoria Advocate | pages = 1B | year = 1990 | date = 05-08 | url = http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5ekcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9lgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5228%2C895253 | accessdate = 2010-04-18 }}</ref> Dykes was also named the first ] in 1996. In 2008, Leach was the second Texas Tech head coach to be named Big 12 Conference Coach of the Year. The same season, Leach was also named the FieldTurf/Howie Long Coach of the Year and was awarded the ] and ]; all three awards recognize the top collegiate coach of the season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/011209aab.html|title=Leach Named FieldTurf/Howie Long Coach of the Year |date=2009-01-12 |accessdate=2010-08-20 |work=]}}</ref> | |||
| {{-}} | |||
| ===Current staff=== | |||
| <!--NOTE TO EDITORS: If you are making a change to this summary of "Current staff", it may be wise to also make similar changes or see if they are needed on the article: "2012 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team".--> | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Name !! Position !! Years at Texas Tech !! Alma mater | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Head Coach || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Tommy Tuberville |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/tuberville_tommy00.html |title=Player Bio: Tommy Tuberville |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Offensive Coordinator || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Neal Brown |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/brown_neal00.html |title=Player Bio: Neal Brown |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Defensive Coordinator || 1 || ].<ref name=tech>{{cite web|title=Art Kaufman Named Defensive Coordinator At Texas Tech|url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/011012aaa.html|publisher=Texas Tech University|accessdate=11 January 2012}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Inside Receivers || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Sonny Cumbie |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/cumbie_sonny01.html |title=Player Bio: Sonny Cumbie |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | Tommy Mainord || Outside Receivers || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Tommy Mainord |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/mainord_tommy00.html |title=Player Bio: Tommy Mainord |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | Fred Tate || Defensive Line || 1 || ]<ref name=Tate>{{cite web|title=Fred Tate Named Defensive Line Coach At Texas Tech|url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/022112aaa.html|publisher=TTU|accessdate=22 February 2012}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Offensive Line || 1 || ]<ref>url=http://www.reporternews.com/news/2012/feb/01/just-reports-say-former-acu-coach-thomsen-leaving/</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Defensive Ends and Outside Linebackers || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Robert Prunty |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/prunty_robert00.html |title=Player Bio: Robert Prunty |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | ] || Secondary || 1 || ] | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | Chad Scott || Running Backs || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Chad Scott |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/scott_chad00.html |title=Player Bio: Chad Scott |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |- style="text-align:center;" | |||
| | Joe Walker || Head Strength & Conditioning Coach || 3 || ]<ref>{{cite web|author= Joe Walker |url=http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/walker_joe00.html |title=Player Bio: Joe Walker |publisher= Texas Tech Red Raiders Official Athletic Site |accessdate=December 4, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| |} | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Reflist|group=A|2}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Portal|Texas Tech University}} | |||
| {{commons|Texas Tech University#Football|Texas Tech Red Raiders football}} | |||
| * {{Official website|http://www.texastech.com/sports/m-footbl/text-m-footbl-body.html}} | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| {{Texas Tech Red Raiders football navbox}} | |||
| {{Texas Tech University}} | |||
| {{Big 12 Conference football navbox}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Texas Tech Red Raiders Football}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 19:57, 16 June 2024
Handel has generally been accorded high esteem by fellow composers, both in his own time and since. Johann Sebastian Bach attempted, unsuccessfully, to meet Handel while he was visiting Halle. (Handel was born in the same year as Bach and Domenico Scarlatti.) Mozart is reputed to have said of him, "Handel understands affect better than any of us. When he chooses, he strikes like a thunder bolt." To Beethoven he was "the master of us all... the greatest composer that ever lived. I would uncover my head and kneel before his tomb." Beethoven emphasised above all the simplicity and popular appeal of Handel's music when he said, "Go to him to learn how to achieve great effects, by such simple means."
- "BBC Press Release". Bbc.co.uk. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 27 November 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- Dent 2004, p. 23 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDent2004 (help)
- ^ Young, Percy Marshall (1 April 1975) . Handel (Master Musician series). J. M. Dent & Sons. p. 177. ISBN 0-460-03161-9.