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{{Short description|German-American professor and Nazi sympathizer (1904–1977)}}
] in Germany]]
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⚫ '''Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin Meyer''' (17 May 1904, ], ] – 10 October 1977, ], ]) was a German professor and writer. He first moved to the United States to work at ] in 1930 and became a naturalized citizen on 6 November 1935. In 1942 a petition was submitted to revoke his citizenship due to his national German sympathies, and the case was fought in courts until ultimately he was allowed to retain his American citizenship in 1944. Over the next three decades, Meyer wrote extensively about German literature and about American Culture, but also published on gardening under pseudonym John Anderson, Robert O. Barlow, Hugo Cartesius und H. K. Houston Meyer.<ref>''Meyer, Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin''. Wer ist wer? Vol. 12. Schmidt-Römhild Verlag, Lübeck 1955.</ref> His papers are held in the ] Special Collections at ].
{{use American English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Heinrich Meyer
| image = Meyer heinrich 1904-1977.png
| alt =
| caption = Meyer as a teacher at the ] on ], 1929
| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{Birth date|1904|5|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1977|10|10|1904|5|17|df=y}}
| death_place = ], United States
| other_names = {{unbulleted list|John Anderson|Robert O. Barlow|Hugo Cartesius|H. K. Houston Meyer}}
| occupation = Professor, writer
| employer = ]
| years_active =
| citizenship = {{unbulleted list|Germany|United States (from 1935)}}
| known_for = Support for Nazi programs, attempt by the United States to revoke citizenship
| notable_works =
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Mary Louise Dinsmoor|1936|1942|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Doris Hoag Clark|1945|1955|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Sibylle Hommel|1957}}}}
}}
'''Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin Meyer''' (17 May 1904 – 10 October 1977) was a German-American professor, writer, and ]. He first moved to the United States to work at ] in 1930 and became a naturalized citizen on 6 November 1935. In 1942, a petition was submitted to revoke his citizenship due to his sympathies for the ], and the case was fought in courts until he was ultimately allowed to retain his American citizenship in 1944.{{nvb|date=July 2024}}


⚫ Over the next three decades, Meyer wrote extensively about ] and about ], but also published on gardening under pseudonym John Anderson, Robert O. Barlow, Hugo Cartesius, and H. K. Houston Meyer.<ref>''Meyer, Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin''. Wer ist wer? Vol. 12. Schmidt-Römhild Verlag, Lübeck 1955.</ref> His papers are held in the ] Special Collections at ].{{nvb|date=July 2024}}
⚫ ==Early life==


⚫ ==Early life==
Meyer was born to Wilhelm Meyer, a school teacher, and his wife Anna. He first enrolled at the university in Erlangen in 1923. In the same year he transferred to the ].<ref name=Werner>{{cite book|last1=Werner|first1=Meike|title=Nachwort in ''Eduard Berend and Heinrich Meyer Briefwechsel 1938-1972''|date=2013|publisher=Wallstein Verlag|location=Göttingen|isbn=978-3-8353-1222-7|pages=|url=https://archive.org/details/briefwechsel19380000bere/page/224}}</ref> From 1924 to 1928, Meyer studied in Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in German Literature. After teaching at ]'s '']'' (School by the Sea) for two years, he then moved to Houston, Texas,<ref>, State Archive of Bremen</ref> where he lived for thirteen years as a German instructor at Rice Institute (today's ]<ref name=Werner /> (Werner 234–235). In 1935 Meyer applied for and received US Citizenship.<ref name=ramos>{{cite web|last1=De Santiago Ramos|first1=Sabine|title=Meyer, Heinrich Karl|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fme82|website=Texas Handbook Online |accessdate=1 November 2014|publisher=Texas State Historical Association.}}</ref> On 10 May 1936, he married Mary Louise Dinsmoor who he had met at Rice Institute. He got divorced on 19 December 1942. On 19 February 1945, he married Doris Hoag Clark (* 1923).<ref>, annexgalleries.com.</ref> He got divorced from her in 1955. In 1957 he married a third time, Sybille Hommel (* 1932).<ref>Christoph König et al.: ''Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950'', Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (Reprint 2011: {{ISBN|978-3110154856}}) p. 1212.</ref> Meyer was born to Wilhelm Meyer, a school teacher, and his wife, Anna. He first enrolled at the university in Erlangen in 1923. In the same year, he transferred to the ].<ref name=Werner>{{cite book|last1=Werner|first1=Meike|title=Nachwort in ''Eduard Berend and Heinrich Meyer Briefwechsel 1938-1972''|date=2013|publisher=Wallstein Verlag|location=Göttingen|isbn=978-3-8353-1222-7|pages=|url=https://archive.org/details/briefwechsel19380000bere/page/224}}</ref> From 1924 to 1928, Meyer studied in Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in German Literature. After teaching at ]'s '']'' ('School by the Sea') for two years, he then moved to Houston, Texas,<ref>, State Archive of Bremen</ref> where he lived for thirteen years as a German instructor at Rice Institute (now ]<ref name=Werner />{{rp|234–235}}). In 1935, Meyer ].<ref name=ramos>{{cite web|last1=De Santiago Ramos|first1=Sabine|title=Meyer, Heinrich Karl|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fme82|website=Texas Handbook Online |accessdate=1 November 2014|publisher=Texas State Historical Association.}}</ref> On 10 May 1936, he married Mary Louise Dinsmoor whom he had met at Rice Institute. They divorced on 19 December 1942. On 19 February 1945, he married Doris Hoag Clark (born 1923).<ref>, annexgalleries.com.</ref> The two divorced in 1955. In 1957, he married his third wife, Sibylle Hommel (born 1932).<ref>Christoph König et al.: ''Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950'', Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (Reprint 2011: {{ISBN|978-3110154856}}) p. 1212.</ref>


==Citizenship trial== ==Citizenship trial==
⚫ Meyer took two trips to Germany shortly after naturalizing, in 1936 and again in 1938.<ref name=Werner /> A request he made for an audience with ] in 1938 was denied.<ref name=ramos /> Nevertheless, Meyer defended many practices in ] to his American audiences by comparing them to ] in the ].<ref name=Werner /> His German nationality brought him under suspicion of the ], who began to investigate his work. In September 1942, a petition to revoke Meyer's citizenship was filed in Houston and Meyer had to serve as his own defense until attorneys Garvey W. Brown and William Hatten were hired for his case.<ref name=ramos />


On March 8, 1943, Meyer was taken into custody by federal authorities. He spent the next three months at an ] in ].<ref>Klaus L. Berghahn, Jost Hermand: ''Goethe in German-Jewish Culture''. Camden House, Columbia, S. C. 2001, {{ISBN|978-1-57113-323-6}}, S. 125, 138</ref>
⚫ Meyer took two trips to Germany shortly after naturalizing, in 1936 and again in 1938.<ref name=Werner /> A request he made for an audience with Adolf Hitler in 1938 was denied.<ref name=ramos /> Nevertheless, Meyer defended many practices in Nazi Germany to his American audiences by comparing them to Jim Crow policies in the American south.<ref name=Werner /> His German nationality brought him under suspicion of the FBI, who began to investigate his work. In September 1942, a petition to revoke Meyer's citizenship was filed in Houston, and Meyer had to serve as his own defense until attorneys Garvey W. Brown and William Hatten were hired for his case.<ref name=ramos />

==Academic career==

{{Empty section|date=December 2014}}


==Awards and prizes== ==Awards and prizes==
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* ''Konrad Bäumlers weiter Weg: Ein Texas-deutscher Roman'' (1938) (as H.K. Houston Meyer) * ''Konrad Bäumlers weiter Weg: Ein Texas-deutscher Roman'' (1938) (as H.K. Houston Meyer)
* ''Goethe. Das Leben im Werk'' (1950 and 1952) * ''Goethe. Das Leben im Werk'' (1950 and 1952)
* ''The Age of the World; a chapter in the history of the Enlightenment'' (1951) * ''The Age of the World: A Chapter in the History of the Enlightenment'' (1951)
* ''Was bleibt. Bemerkungen über Literatur und Leben, Schein und Wirklichkeit.'' (1966) * ''Was bleibt. Bemerkungen über Literatur und Leben, Schein und Wirklichkeit.'' (1966)
* ''Die Kunst des Erzählens'' (1972) * ''Die Kunst des Erzählens'' (1972)
*


==References== ==References==
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Latest revision as of 13:04, 24 July 2024

German-American professor and Nazi sympathizer (1904–1977)

Heinrich Meyer
Meyer as a teacher at the Schule am Meer on Juist, 1929
Born(1904-05-17)17 May 1904
Nuremberg, German Empire
Died10 October 1977(1977-10-10) (aged 73)
Bellingham, Washington, United States
Other names
  • John Anderson
  • Robert O. Barlow
  • Hugo Cartesius
  • H. K. Houston Meyer
Citizenship
  • Germany
  • United States (from 1935)
Occupation(s)Professor, writer
EmployerRice University
Known forSupport for Nazi programs, attempt by the United States to revoke citizenship
Spouses
  • Mary Louise Dinsmoor ​ ​(m. 1936; div. 1942)​
  • Doris Hoag Clark ​ ​(m. 1945; div. 1955)​
  • Sibylle Hommel ​(m. 1957)​

Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin Meyer (17 May 1904 – 10 October 1977) was a German-American professor, writer, and Nazi sympathizer. He first moved to the United States to work at Rice University in 1930 and became a naturalized citizen on 6 November 1935. In 1942, a petition was submitted to revoke his citizenship due to his sympathies for the Nazi Germany, and the case was fought in courts until he was ultimately allowed to retain his American citizenship in 1944.

Over the next three decades, Meyer wrote extensively about German literature and about American culture, but also published on gardening under pseudonym John Anderson, Robert O. Barlow, Hugo Cartesius, and H. K. Houston Meyer. His papers are held in the Jean and Alexander Heard Library Special Collections at Vanderbilt University.

Early life

Meyer was born to Wilhelm Meyer, a school teacher, and his wife, Anna. He first enrolled at the university in Erlangen in 1923. In the same year, he transferred to the University of Munich. From 1924 to 1928, Meyer studied in Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in German Literature. After teaching at Martin Luserke's Schule am Meer ('School by the Sea') for two years, he then moved to Houston, Texas, where he lived for thirteen years as a German instructor at Rice Institute (now Rice University). In 1935, Meyer applied for and received American citizenship. On 10 May 1936, he married Mary Louise Dinsmoor whom he had met at Rice Institute. They divorced on 19 December 1942. On 19 February 1945, he married Doris Hoag Clark (born 1923). The two divorced in 1955. In 1957, he married his third wife, Sibylle Hommel (born 1932).

Citizenship trial

Meyer took two trips to Germany shortly after naturalizing, in 1936 and again in 1938. A request he made for an audience with Adolf Hitler in 1938 was denied. Nevertheless, Meyer defended many practices in Nazi Germany to his American audiences by comparing them to Jim Crow laws in the American South. His German nationality brought him under suspicion of the FBI, who began to investigate his work. In September 1942, a petition to revoke Meyer's citizenship was filed in Houston and Meyer had to serve as his own defense until attorneys Garvey W. Brown and William Hatten were hired for his case.

On March 8, 1943, Meyer was taken into custody by federal authorities. He spent the next three months at an internment camp in Kenedy, Texas.

Awards and prizes

Publications

  • Der deutsche Schäferroman (1928)
  • Konrad Bäumlers weiter Weg: Ein Texas-deutscher Roman (1938) (as H.K. Houston Meyer)
  • Goethe. Das Leben im Werk (1950 and 1952)
  • The Age of the World: A Chapter in the History of the Enlightenment (1951)
  • Was bleibt. Bemerkungen über Literatur und Leben, Schein und Wirklichkeit. (1966)
  • Die Kunst des Erzählens (1972)

References

  1. Meyer, Heinrich Karl Ernst Martin. Wer ist wer? Vol. 12. Schmidt-Römhild Verlag, Lübeck 1955.
  2. ^ Werner, Meike (2013). Nachwort in Eduard Berend and Heinrich Meyer Briefwechsel 1938-1972. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag. pp. 224–245. ISBN 978-3-8353-1222-7.
  3. Norddeutscher Lloyd: Passenger list of „MS Crefeld“ from 11 June 1930 – Dr. Heinrich Meyer, Juist, State Archive of Bremen
  4. ^ De Santiago Ramos, Sabine. "Meyer, Heinrich Karl". Texas Handbook Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  5. Doris Meyer Chatham, annexgalleries.com.
  6. Christoph König et al.: Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800–1950, Vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin (Reprint 2011: ISBN 978-3110154856) p. 1212.
  7. Klaus L. Berghahn, Jost Hermand: Goethe in German-Jewish Culture. Camden House, Columbia, S. C. 2001, ISBN 978-1-57113-323-6, S. 125, 138
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