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{{Short description|Activity promoting veteran suicide prevention}}
{{citation style|date=August 2016}}
]
The '''22 Pushup Challenge''', sometimes called the 22KILL Pushup Challenge #22KILL #22Pushups #22PushupChallenge, was an activity involving pressing out twenty-two pushups to promote awareness for veteran suicide prevention along with honoring military service members and veterans. The '''22 Pushup Challenge''', sometimes called the '''22KILL Pushup Challenge''', was an activity involving pressing out twenty-two ] to promote awareness for ] prevention along with honoring military service members and veterans.


The viral awareness campaign gained traction and started to garner Hollywood celebrity support and participation in August 2016. Social media outlets like Twitter, instagram, and facebook news feeds began to be inundated with video posts of celebrities doing their 22 pushups and then challenging other celebrities, pro athletes, politicians, etc. -- ie Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson, John Krasinski, Chris Pratt, Chris Evans, Scott Eastwood and others have posted videos of themselves completing the 22 pushups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/22-push-up-challenge-hopes-to-save-the-lives-of-veterans/|title=22 Push-Up Challenge hopes to save the lives of veterans|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-chris-evans-the-rock-veterans-pushups-20160815-snap-htmlstory.html/|title=Page Not Found - Los Angeles Times|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2016/08/15/celebrities-22-pushup-challenge-veteran-mental-health/88797172/|title=Stars support vets through #22PushupChallenge|publisher=}}</ref> The viral awareness campaign gained traction and started to garner Hollywood celebrity support and participation in August 2016. Social media outlets like ], ], and ] news feeds began to be inundated with video posts of celebrities doing their 22 pushups and then challenging other celebrities, pro athletes, politicians, etc. — i.e., ], ], ], ], ] and others have posted videos of themselves completing the 22 pushups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/22-push-up-challenge-hopes-to-save-the-lives-of-veterans/|title=22 Push-Up Challenge hopes to save the lives of veterans|website=CBS News|date=16 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-chris-evans-the-rock-veterans-pushups-20160815-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Chris Evans and the Rock support our troops with the 22 Pushup Challenge|first=Libby|last=Hill|newspaper=LA Times|date=16 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2016/08/15/celebrities-22-pushup-challenge-veteran-mental-health/88797172/|title=Stars support vets through #22PushupChallenge|website=USA Today}}</ref>


==Origin== ==Origin==
The original campaign named #22KILL<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.22kill.com/22kill-name/|title=22KILL Name - 22KILL|website=22 Kill|access-date=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820192517/https://www.22kill.com/22kill-name/|archive-date=2016-08-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> was created by an ] ] veteran named Andrew K. Nguyen, founder of multiple veteran organizations—], HCC, White Star Families of America, and . The "Pushup Challenge"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/honorcouragecommitmentinc/videos/10151135652160786/|title=Pushup Challenge.|website=Facebook}}</ref> had first started in 2011 through the veteran ] Honor Courage Commitment, Inc., but later continued to evolve while maintaining the foundation to honor military veterans and their service. In early 2013, the VA released a statistic that 22 veterans die by suicide every day on average which initially garnered limited media coverage.<ref>{{cite web |date=2013-02-01 |title=VA study: 22 vets commit suicide every day |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/02/01/veterans-suicide/1883329/ |website=USA Today}}</ref>
The original campaign was named #22KILL and was founded by an OEF Marine veteran named Andy Nguyen. The "Pushup Challenge" had first started in 2011 through the veteran nonprofit organization Nguyen started called Honor Courage Commitment, Inc. but later evolved in mid 2013 by combining the pushup movement with the Thunder Road Film Project #Sweat4Vets campaign designed by filmmakers ], ] and ], targeted to raise awareness to veteran suicide and PTSD through their Hollywood feature film (under development).


HCC's original pushup challenge collaborated with Thunder Road Film #sweat4vets<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/AstoriaFilmCo/videos/10151950057135786/ |title=#Sweat4Vets can come at any time. It's... - Thunder Road: Feature Film Campaign |website=Facebook |date=2013-10-01 |accessdate=2016-11-18}}</ref> to launch the "22 pushup" campaign in Oct 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/honorcouragecommitmentinc/videos/10152074502220786/ |title=Nolan Bagwell - 14th Marines youngest... - Honor Courage Commitment, Inc. |website=Facebook|date=2013-11-19 |accessdate=2016-11-18}}</ref>
==Campaign Elements==

The introduction of the black 22KILL Honor Ring™ in October of 2013 which the founder along with a fellow Navy veteran Nicklaus Ciolino who both brainstormed together sharing frustrations of commonly seeing the value of a veteran's honorable service and sacrifice for America's freedom go unrecognized. Nguyen took on a personal mission in creating a unique and universal symbol in an effort to subtly display a recognizable symbol of honor with an objective of connecting veteran advocates (veteran or non-veteran) with each other in a public setting (by noticing the ring on others). The black ring is worn on index finger or trigger finger of a veteran advocate who may be a veteran or non-veteran who supports the cause. Aa a universal symbol of honor for military veterans, the easily identifiable ring also serves a mission to bring attention to the statistic of "22" veteran suicides that take place every day on average.
==Elements of campaign==
] participating in the 22 Pushup Challenge in 2016]]
The introduction of the black 22KILL Honor Ring was in October 2013 after Nguyen brainstormed together with fellow Navy veteran Nicholas Ciolino, sharing their perception that veterans' ] and sacrifices were unrecognized. Nguyen tried to create a unique and subtle but recognizable symbol of honor with an objective of connecting veteran advocates with each other (by noticing the ring on others in public). The originally idea was to name it "Black Trigg" in reference to the tungsten/titanium black ring designed to be worn on the index finger or trigger finger of a veteran advocate or those who supported the cause. Both veterans and non-veterans who support the cause can earn an Honor Ring by committing to pressing out 22 pushups in honor for the US military and the veterans who've served honorably.

The pushup aspect of the awareness campaign proved of value in the organic growth of campaign's mission because it garnered much attention when the pushups were done in a public setting, which ultimately led to people asking what the pushups were all about. This ongoing strategy combined with leveraging social media to maximize exposure ultimately led to mainstream adoption.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/search?q=%2322KILL&src=typd|title=Twitter Feed - #22KILL|website=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syracuse.com/us-news/index.ssf/2016/08/22_pushups_challenge_what_is_it_veterans.html|title=New Viral Craze on Internet #22KILL #22PushupChallenge|website=Syracuse, NY Local News|date=18 August 2016}}</ref>


==Initial success== ==Initial success==
As a rule, a supporter must press out 22 pushups to earn the privilege of wearing an Honor Ring™ which symbolizes a humbling physical act of commitment to support our veterans. No matter the setting or dress attire, the 22 pushups are demanded with integrity most of the time. In March 2014, Julie Hersh, President of Hersh Foundation and author of Struck By Living, learned about 22KILL and rightfully earned her personal Honor Ring™ by knocking out 22 pushups in a skirt and boots. The video was posted on facebook and shared in a article posted on Psychology Today around the topic of veteran suicide. Julie Hersh's own son poked fun at her pushups stating that they did not count due to improper form spurred up a thread of comical comments of friends agreeing with her son's comments. This ultimately became the catalyst to the #22KILL #22PushupChallenge Campaign which Julie Hersh pledged to donate $100 for every video posted of them doing their 22 pushups for #22KILL maxed at $100,000. The campaign was a success which launched in March 28,2014 for a week with the deadline on April 4, 2014. More than tripling the goal of 22pushup videos posted, 22KILL immediately continued with launching a goal to reach 22 million pushups in the same manner of posting videos of 22 pushups and challenging others. As a rule, a supporter must press out 22 pushups to earn the privilege of wearing an Honor Ring which symbolizes a physical act of commitment to support veterans. In March 2014, Julie Hersh, President of Hersh Foundation and author of ''Struck By Living'', learned about 22KILL and made 22 pushups wearing a skirt and boots. The video was posted on Facebook and shared in an article posted on ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/struck-living/201403/ounce-engagement-the-key-reducing-military-suicide|title=An Ounce of Engagement: The Key to Reducing Military Suicide–Can military suicide be avoided with a better transition into civilian life?|date=March 26, 2014|last=Hersh|first=Julie K.|website=Psychology Today}}</ref> around the topic of veteran suicide. Julie Hersh's son poked fun at her pushups stating that they did not count due to improper form spurred up a thread of comical comments of friends agreeing with her son's comments. This ultimately became the catalyst for the #22KILL #22PushupChallenge Campaign which for every video posted of them doing their 22 pushups for #22KILL maxed at $100,000. The campaign was a success<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/hershfoundation/photos/a.237742153078442.1073741828.236556229863701/259150280937629/?type=3&theater|title=Hersh Fnd $100K Check Presentation to HCC #22KILL #22PushupChallenge|date=June 25, 2014|website=Facebook}}</ref> which launched on March 28, 2014, for a week with the deadline on April 4, 2014. More than tripling the goal of 22pushup videos posted, 22KILL immediately continued the momentum by launching a follow-on goal to 22 million pushups in the same manner of posting videos of 22 pushups and challenging others.


Although posts of pushup videos continued trickle in on social media<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/search?q=pushups%20#22KILL%20since:2014-04-01%20until:2015-04-01&src=typd|title=pushups - Twitter Search|website=Twitter|accessdate=18 November 2016}}</ref> after the initial surge from the Hersh campaign, Nate Koehn an Army veteran and 22KILL Veteran Advocate re-ignited the pushup campaign by garnering local news coverage in his local town, Wyoming, MI.<ref>{{cite web|author=Janice Allen |url=http://fox17online.com/2015/04/03/army-vet-launches-22-push-up-challenge-to-help-fellow-veterans/ |title=Army vet launches '22 push up challenge' to help fellow veterans |website=Fox17 |date=2015-04-03 |accessdate=2016-11-18}}</ref>
The "22" number was part of a statistic that was originally released through a case study done by the dept of Veteran Affairs in 2012 , but since then have release an updated study showing the rate had fallen to "20" veteran suicides per day.


The "22" number was part of a statistic that was originally released through a case study done by the Department of Veteran Affairs in 2012,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.va.gov/opa/docs/suicide-data-report-2012-final.pdf |title=Suicide Data Report, 2012 |accessdate=2016-10-04 |website=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs}}</ref> but since then have released an updated study, showing the rate had fallen to "20" veteran suicides per day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/Suicide_Prevention_FactSheet_New_VA_Stats_070616_1400.pdf |title=VA Suicide Prevention Program Facts about Veteran Suicide July 2016 |accessdate=2016-10-04 |website=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs}}</ref>
⚫ In the US, many people participated for the 22KILL nonprofit organization, and even in the UK, many people along with British troops participated in the #22KILL #22PushupChallenge.


⚫ In the US, many people participated for the 22KILL nonprofit organization, and even in the UK, many people along with British troops participated in the #22KILL #22PushupChallenge.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/hero-british-amputee-soldiers-amazing-8293159|title=Hero British amputee soldiers in amazing challenge to combat military suicide|first=Laura|last=Savvas|date=27 June 2016|website=Mirror Online}}</ref>
The challenge encouraged nominated participants to be filmed doing 22 pushups and then nominating others to do the same. Many committed to doing 22 pushups for 22 consecutive days posting videos on social media platforms with #22Pushups for #22KILL working towards a goal of 22 million pushups.


Similar to the ], it encourages participants to be filmed doing 22 pushups and then nominating others to do the same. How the #22PushupChallenge was different was that requesting donations was not a primary focus which may have alleviated any stresses of financial obligation to participate. The campaign also evolved and many participants committed to doing 22 pushups for 22 consecutive days and posting the videos on various social media platforms.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}
Timeline for Evolution of #22PushupChallenge


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
1. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/22-push-up-challenge-hopes-to-save-the-lives-of-veterans/|title=22 Push-Up Challenge hopes to save the lives of veterans|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>

2. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-chris-evans-the-rock-veterans-pushups-20160815-snap-htmlstory.html|title=Chris Evans and the Rock support our troops with the 22 Pushup Challenge|first=Libby|last=Hill|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016|via=LA Times}}</ref>
{{Challenges}}
3. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/2016/08/15/celebrities-22-pushup-challenge-veteran-mental-health/88797172/|title=Stars support vets through #22PushupChallenge|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>

4. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inc.com/jeff-haden/what-is-the-22-push-up-challenge-raising-awareness-for-veterans-suicide-preventi.html|title=What Is the 22 Pushup Challenge? Raising Awareness for Veteran's Suicide Prevention|date=17 August 2016|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
]
5. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/4453114/22-push-up-challenge-the-rock-chris-pratt/|title=Watch Celebrities Crush the New Viral '22 Pushup Challenge'|first=Raisa|last=Bruner|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
]
6. <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/hero-british-amputee-soldiers-amazing-8293159|title=Hero British amputee soldiers in amazing challenge to combat military suicide|first=Laura|last=Savvas|date=27 June 2016|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
]
7. <ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrewknguyen</ref>
]
8. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/Veteran.Entrepreneur.Andrew.Nguyen/|title=Andrew Nguyen, Veteran Advocate 22Kill Founder - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
]
9. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/22KILL.Actual/videos/10151133406535786/|title=Andro KN - 10 new likes today = 10 pushups from HCC. - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
10. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.honorcouragecommitment.org/|title=Veteran Entrepreneurship - Starting a Business - Grants, Scholarships|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
11. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/AstoriaFilmCo/videos/10151950057135786/|title=Thunder Road: Feature Film Campaign - Timeline - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
12. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ianyT4Kqbr0|title=Sweat For Vets-Nashville- Thunder Road Film Fundraiser|first=|last=Runaway Home Band|date=31 August 2013|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref>
13. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aAtA3zVtYVY|title=Matt Dallas and Steven Grayhm On "Thunder Road"|first=|last=Larry King|date=17 September 2013|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref>
14. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/AstoriaFilmCo/videos/10151950037305786/|title=Thunder Road: Feature Film Campaign - Timeline - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
15. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/AstoriaFilmCo/videos/10151955601715786/|title=Thunder Road: Feature Film Campaign - Timeline - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
16. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thunderroadfilm.com/|title=Thunder Road Film - Movie on PTSD and This Generation's Combat Veterans|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
17. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.22kill.com/shop/rings/22kill-honor-ring/|title=#22KILL Honor Ring - 22KILL|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
18. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/struck-living/201403/ounce-engagement-the-key-reducing-military-suicide|title=An Ounce of Engagement: The Key to Reducing Military Suicide|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
19. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.struckbyliving.com/|title=Struck By Living|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
20. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/honorcouragecommitmentinc/videos/750059448372536/|title=Honor Courage Commitment, Inc. - Timeline - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
21. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/honorcouragecommitmentinc/photos/a.209388742439612.61359.200447126667107/751581278220353/|title=Honor Courage Commitment, Inc. - Timeline - Facebook|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
22. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.22kill.com/22-honor-pushups/|title=#22pushups To Honor Those Who Serve|publisher=|accessdate=18 August 2016}}</ref>
23. <ref>http://www.va.gov/opa/docs/suicide-data-report-2012-final.pdf</ref>
24. <ref>http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/Suicide_Prevention_FactSheet_New_VA_Stats_070616_1400.pdf</ref>
25. <ref name="auto"/>

Latest revision as of 16:26, 11 August 2024

Activity promoting veteran suicide prevention
Over 800 soldiers from 20 nations take part in the 22 Pushup Challenge in Afghanistan.

The 22 Pushup Challenge, sometimes called the 22KILL Pushup Challenge, was an activity involving pressing out twenty-two pushups to promote awareness for veteran suicide prevention along with honoring military service members and veterans.

The viral awareness campaign gained traction and started to garner Hollywood celebrity support and participation in August 2016. Social media outlets like Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook news feeds began to be inundated with video posts of celebrities doing their 22 pushups and then challenging other celebrities, pro athletes, politicians, etc. — i.e., Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson, John Krasinski, Chris Pratt, Chris Evans, Scott Eastwood and others have posted videos of themselves completing the 22 pushups.

Origin

The original campaign named #22KILL was created by an OEF Marine veteran named Andrew K. Nguyen, founder of multiple veteran organizations—22KILL, HCC, White Star Families of America, and veteran.Me. The "Pushup Challenge" had first started in 2011 through the veteran nonprofit organization Honor Courage Commitment, Inc., but later continued to evolve while maintaining the foundation to honor military veterans and their service. In early 2013, the VA released a statistic that 22 veterans die by suicide every day on average which initially garnered limited media coverage.

HCC's original pushup challenge collaborated with Thunder Road Film #sweat4vets to launch the "22 pushup" campaign in Oct 2013.

Elements of campaign

United States Navy personnel from the Naval Hospital Bremerton participating in the 22 Pushup Challenge in 2016

The introduction of the black 22KILL Honor Ring was in October 2013 after Nguyen brainstormed together with fellow Navy veteran Nicholas Ciolino, sharing their perception that veterans' honorable service and sacrifices were unrecognized. Nguyen tried to create a unique and subtle but recognizable symbol of honor with an objective of connecting veteran advocates with each other (by noticing the ring on others in public). The originally idea was to name it "Black Trigg" in reference to the tungsten/titanium black ring designed to be worn on the index finger or trigger finger of a veteran advocate or those who supported the cause. Both veterans and non-veterans who support the cause can earn an Honor Ring by committing to pressing out 22 pushups in honor for the US military and the veterans who've served honorably.

The pushup aspect of the awareness campaign proved of value in the organic growth of campaign's mission because it garnered much attention when the pushups were done in a public setting, which ultimately led to people asking what the pushups were all about. This ongoing strategy combined with leveraging social media to maximize exposure ultimately led to mainstream adoption.

Initial success

As a rule, a supporter must press out 22 pushups to earn the privilege of wearing an Honor Ring which symbolizes a physical act of commitment to support veterans. In March 2014, Julie Hersh, President of Hersh Foundation and author of Struck By Living, learned about 22KILL and made 22 pushups wearing a skirt and boots. The video was posted on Facebook and shared in an article posted on Psychology Today around the topic of veteran suicide. Julie Hersh's son poked fun at her pushups stating that they did not count due to improper form spurred up a thread of comical comments of friends agreeing with her son's comments. This ultimately became the catalyst for the #22KILL #22PushupChallenge Campaign which Julie Hersh pledged to donate $100 for every video posted of them doing their 22 pushups for #22KILL maxed at $100,000. The campaign was a success which launched on March 28, 2014, for a week with the deadline on April 4, 2014. More than tripling the goal of 22pushup videos posted, 22KILL immediately continued the momentum by launching a follow-on goal to 22 million pushups in the same manner of posting videos of 22 pushups and challenging others.

Although posts of pushup videos continued trickle in on social media after the initial surge from the Hersh campaign, Nate Koehn an Army veteran and 22KILL Veteran Advocate re-ignited the pushup campaign by garnering local news coverage in his local town, Wyoming, MI.

The "22" number was part of a statistic that was originally released through a case study done by the Department of Veteran Affairs in 2012, but since then have released an updated study, showing the rate had fallen to "20" veteran suicides per day.

In the US, many people participated for the 22KILL nonprofit organization, and even in the UK, many people along with British troops participated in the #22KILL #22PushupChallenge.

Similar to the ALS IceBucketChallenge, it encourages participants to be filmed doing 22 pushups and then nominating others to do the same. How the #22PushupChallenge was different was that requesting donations was not a primary focus which may have alleviated any stresses of financial obligation to participate. The campaign also evolved and many participants committed to doing 22 pushups for 22 consecutive days and posting the videos on various social media platforms.

References

  1. "22 Push-Up Challenge hopes to save the lives of veterans". CBS News. 16 August 2016.
  2. Hill, Libby (16 August 2016). "Chris Evans and the Rock support our troops with the 22 Pushup Challenge". LA Times.
  3. "Stars support vets through #22PushupChallenge". USA Today.
  4. "22KILL Name - 22KILL". 22 Kill. Archived from the original on 2016-08-20. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  5. "Pushup Challenge". Facebook.
  6. "VA study: 22 vets commit suicide every day". USA Today. 2013-02-01.
  7. "#Sweat4Vets can come at any time. It's... - Thunder Road: Feature Film Campaign". Facebook. 2013-10-01. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  8. "Nolan Bagwell - 14th Marines youngest... - Honor Courage Commitment, Inc". Facebook. 2013-11-19. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  9. "Twitter Feed - #22KILL". Twitter.
  10. "New Viral Craze on Internet #22KILL #22PushupChallenge". Syracuse, NY Local News. 18 August 2016.
  11. Hersh, Julie K. (March 26, 2014). "An Ounce of Engagement: The Key to Reducing Military Suicide–Can military suicide be avoided with a better transition into civilian life?". Psychology Today.
  12. "Hersh Fnd $100K Check Presentation to HCC #22KILL #22PushupChallenge". Facebook. June 25, 2014.
  13. "pushups - Twitter Search". Twitter. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  14. Janice Allen (2015-04-03). "Army vet launches '22 push up challenge' to help fellow veterans". Fox17. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  15. "Suicide Data Report, 2012" (PDF). U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  16. "VA Suicide Prevention Program Facts about Veteran Suicide July 2016" (PDF). U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  17. Savvas, Laura (27 June 2016). "Hero British amputee soldiers in amazing challenge to combat military suicide". Mirror Online.
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