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{{Short description|1987 opera by Wolfgang Rihm}}
'''''Die Hamletmaschine''''' is an opera composed by ] to a German-language ] based on ]'s play '']''. The libretto, subtitled ''Musiktheater in 5 Teilen'' (Music Drama in 5 Scenes), was written by the composer. The opera was composed between 1983 and 1986 and premiered on 30 March 1987 at the ].<ref name = "UE" />
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox opera
| name = ''Die Hamletmaschine''
| translated_name =
| image = Rihm Wolfgang Philharmonie koeln 0806 2007 - cropped.jpg
| image_upright = 0.8
| alt =
| caption = Rihm in 2007
| description = {{lang|de|Musiktheater}}
| composer = ]
| librettist = Wolfgang Rihm
| language = German
| based_on = ]'s play {{nowrap|'']''}}
| premiere_date = {{Start date|1987|03|30|df=y}}
| premiere_location = ]
}}
'''''Die Hamletmaschine''''' is an opera composed by ] to a German-language ] based on ]'s 1977 ]. The libretto, subtitled ''Musiktheater in 5 Teilen'' (Music Drama in 5 parts), was written by the composer. The opera was written between 1983 and 1986 and premiered on 30 March 1987 at the ].


== Background ==
The premiere production was directed by ] and conducted by ]. The role of ] was sung by ]. The ] character was portrayed at different stages in his life by three separate performers: the actors Kurt Müller and Rudolf Kowalski as Hamlet I and Hamlet II, and the ] Johannes M. Kösters as Hamlet III.<ref name = "UE">]. . Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref>
Müller's play, on which the opera is based, paraphrases Shakespeare's '']''. In the play's first staged production, directed by ], the first words—"Ich war Hamlet." (I was Hamlet.)—were spoken after 20 minutes of silent action.<ref name="Herbort">{{cite news | last=Herbort | first=Heinz Josef | title=Letzte Szenen in Momentform | newspaper=Die Zeit | date=29 May 1987 | url=https://www.zeit.de/1987/23/letzte-szenen-in-momentform | language=de | access-date=1 August 2024}}</ref> Rihm composed his opera between 1983 and 1986 and presented parts of the score for the ] of Hamburg, which he won in 1986.<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127010036/http://rihmcenter.com/biografie/ |date=27 November 2013 }}, Karlsruher Rihm Center {{in lang|de}}. Retrieved 23 July 2013.</ref>


== Performance history ==
The work is described in the ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera'' as following ] in that it seeks "a total theatre of sound and nonnarrative, ritualistic drama."<ref>Warrack, John and West, Ewan (eds.) (1996). , ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera'', p. 432. Oxford University Press.</ref> Müller's play, which formed the basis for the libretto, has subsequently had two more musical settings—a chamber work by ] for narrator and small orchestra (1991) and an ] for choir, soloists and orchestra by ] (2000).<ref>Yunker, Johanna Frances (2013). , p. 3. AMS-SW Conference, Spring 2013, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio. Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref>
''Die Hamletmaschine'' premiered on 30 March 1987 at the ] in a production directed by ] and conducted by ]. The role of ], written for a ], was sung by ]. The ] character was portrayed at different stages in his life by three separate performers: the actors Kurt Müller and Rudolf Kowalski as Hamlet I and Hamlet II, and the ] Johannes M. Kösters as Hamlet III.<ref name = "UE">]. . Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref>


A recording of the opera, conducted by Peter Schneider was released on CD in 1995 (Wergo #6195)<ref>]. . Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref> A live recording of the opera's premiere was released on CD in 1995 (Wergo #6195)<ref name = "WERGO" /><ref>]. . Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref>


==References== ==Roles==
{| class="wikitable"
{{Reflist}}
!Role
!]<ref name = "Schott" />
!Premiere cast, 30 March 1987
|-
|] I
|male actor
|Kurt Müller
|-
|] II
|male actor
|Rudolf Kowalski
|-
|] III
|male actor
|Johannes M. Kösters
|-
|]
|]
|]
|-
|Ophelia's doubles: ]
|soprano
|Carmen Fuggiss
|-
|]
|soprano
|]
|-
|]
|]
|Martina Borst
|-
|3 naked women, voices from the casket
|2 sopranos, mezzo-soprano
|
|-
|4 laughing people
|2 female and 2 male actors
|
|-
|3 screaming people
|male actors
|
|-
|}


== Structure ==
'''Further reading'''
* I. ''Familienalbum'' (''Family Album'')
* Neff, Severine (1990). . '']'', Second Series, Vol. 47, No. 1 (September 1990), pp. 215-217 {{subscription}}
* II. ''Das Europa der Frau'' (''Europe of the Woman'')
* III. ''Scherzo''
* IV. ''Pest in Buda, Schlacht um Grönland'' (''Pestilence in Buda, Battle of Greenland'')
* V. ''Wildharrend, In der furchtbaren Rüstung, Jahrtausende'' (''Wildstraining, In the Fearsome Armaments, Millennia'')<ref name = "WERGO">]. . Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref>


== Music ==
The opera is scored for actors, singing and speaking voices, choir and orchestra.<ref> operone {{in lang|de}}</ref> The work is described in the ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera'' as following ] in that it seeks "a total theatre of sound and nonnarrative, ritualistic drama."<ref>Warrack, John and West, Ewan (eds.) (1996). , ''Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera'', p. 432. Oxford University Press.</ref> Sounds use the complete space of a hall by placing instrumentalists not only in the pit, but also on stage and in the audience. Sounds are mixed from live performance, electronic amplification and purely electronic sounds,<ref>Elzenheimer, Regine (2008). , Königshausen & Neumann, pp. 192–199 {{in lang|de}}.</ref> described as soundscapes.


== Other musical settings ==
Müller's play, which formed the basis for the libretto, has subsequently had two more musical settings—an opera by ] for singers and small orchestra (1991) and an ] for choir, soloists and orchestra by ] (2000).<ref>Yunker, Johanna Frances (2013). , p. 3. AMS-SW Conference, Spring 2013, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio. Retrieved 21 July 2013.</ref>


== References ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamletmaschine, Die}}
{{reflist
| refs =


<ref name="Schott">{{cite web
| url = https://www.schott-music.com/en/die-hamletmaschine-no93519.html
| title = Hamlet Machine
| publisher = ]
| date = 2024
| access-date = 1 August 2024
}}</ref>

}}

== Further reading ==
* Neff, Severine (1990). . '']'', Second Series, Vol. 47, No. 1 (September 1990), pp.&nbsp;215–217 {{subscription required}}

{{Wolfgang Rihm}}
{{Hamlet}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamletmaschine, Die}}
] ]
] ]
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] ]
] ]
{{German-opera-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:10, 26 August 2024

1987 opera by Wolfgang Rihm

Die Hamletmaschine
Opera by Wolfgang Rihm
Rihm in 2007
DescriptionMusiktheater
LibrettistWolfgang Rihm
LanguageGerman
Based onHeiner Müller's play Die Hamletmaschine
Premiere30 March 1987 (1987-03-30)
Nationaltheater Mannheim

Die Hamletmaschine is an opera composed by Wolfgang Rihm to a German-language libretto based on Heiner Müller's 1977 play of the same name. The libretto, subtitled Musiktheater in 5 Teilen (Music Drama in 5 parts), was written by the composer. The opera was written between 1983 and 1986 and premiered on 30 March 1987 at the Nationaltheater Mannheim.

Background

Müller's play, on which the opera is based, paraphrases Shakespeare's Hamlet. In the play's first staged production, directed by Robert Wilson, the first words—"Ich war Hamlet." (I was Hamlet.)—were spoken after 20 minutes of silent action. Rihm composed his opera between 1983 and 1986 and presented parts of the score for the Rolf-Liebermann-Preis of Hamburg, which he won in 1986.

Performance history

Die Hamletmaschine premiered on 30 March 1987 at the Nationaltheater Mannheim in a production directed by Friedrich Meyer-Oertel and conducted by Peter Schneider. The role of Ophelia, written for a Wagnerian soprano, was sung by Gabriele Schnaut. The Hamlet character was portrayed at different stages in his life by three separate performers: the actors Kurt Müller and Rudolf Kowalski as Hamlet I and Hamlet II, and the baritone Johannes M. Kösters as Hamlet III.

A live recording of the opera's premiere was released on CD in 1995 (Wergo #6195)

Roles

Role Voice type Premiere cast, 30 March 1987
Hamlet I male actor Kurt Müller
Hamlet II male actor Rudolf Kowalski
Hamlet III male actor Johannes M. Kösters
Ophelia soprano Gabriele Schnaut
Ophelia's doubles: Marx soprano Carmen Fuggiss
Lenin soprano Ulrike Sonntag
Mao mezzo-soprano Martina Borst
3 naked women, voices from the casket 2 sopranos, mezzo-soprano
4 laughing people 2 female and 2 male actors
3 screaming people male actors

Structure

  • I. Familienalbum (Family Album)
  • II. Das Europa der Frau (Europe of the Woman)
  • III. Scherzo
  • IV. Pest in Buda, Schlacht um Grönland (Pestilence in Buda, Battle of Greenland)
  • V. Wildharrend, In der furchtbaren Rüstung, Jahrtausende (Wildstraining, In the Fearsome Armaments, Millennia)

Music

The opera is scored for actors, singing and speaking voices, choir and orchestra. The work is described in the Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera as following Stockhausen in that it seeks "a total theatre of sound and nonnarrative, ritualistic drama." Sounds use the complete space of a hall by placing instrumentalists not only in the pit, but also on stage and in the audience. Sounds are mixed from live performance, electronic amplification and purely electronic sounds, described as soundscapes.

Other musical settings

Müller's play, which formed the basis for the libretto, has subsequently had two more musical settings—an opera by Ruth Zechlin for singers and small orchestra (1991) and an oratorio for choir, soloists and orchestra by Georges Aperghis (2000).

References

  1. Herbort, Heinz Josef (29 May 1987). "Letzte Szenen in Momentform". Die Zeit (in German). Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  2. Wolfgang Rihm Biografie Archived 27 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Karlsruher Rihm Center (in German). Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  3. Universal Edition. Wolfgang Rihm, Die Hamletmaschine: Musiktheater in 5 Teilen. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. ^ WERGO. Wolfgang Rihm, v. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  5. AllMusic. Rihm: Die Hamletmaschine. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  6. "Hamlet Machine". Schott Music. 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  7. Die Hamletmaschine (Musiktheater in 5 Teilen) operone (in German)
  8. Warrack, John and West, Ewan (eds.) (1996). "Rihm, Wolfgang", Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, p. 432. Oxford University Press.
  9. Elzenheimer, Regine (2008). Pause. Schweigen. Stille: Dramaturgien der Abwesenheit im postdramatischen Musik-Theater, Königshausen & Neumann, pp. 192–199 (in German).
  10. Yunker, Johanna Frances (2013). "Father or Criminal: Ruth Zechlin's Post-Reunification Opera Die Reise", p. 3. AMS-SW Conference, Spring 2013, Our Lady of the Lake University, San Antonio. Retrieved 21 July 2013.

Further reading

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