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{{Short description|97-key grand piano}}
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The '''Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial''' or '''Imperial Bösendorfer''' (also colloquially known as the '''290'''<ref name="SeattleTimes"/>) is the largest model and flagship ] manufactured by ], at around {{cvt|290|cm|ftin}} long, {{cvt|176|cm|ftin}} wide, and weighing {{cvt|552|kg|lb}}.<ref name="Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial">{{cite web |url=http://www.boesendorfer.com/en/model-290-imperial.html |title=Model 290 Imperial |work=Bösendorfer |accessdate=26 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111181650/http://www.boesendorfer.com/en/model-290-imperial.html |archivedate=11 November 2013 |df= }}</ref> It has an eight-octave range from ]. For 90 years it was the only concert grand piano in the world with 97 keys,<ref name="GeorgeFoxUniversity"/> until it was joined in 1990 by the instruments of ] of Australia. Music critic Melinda Bargreen has described the Imperial as the '']'' of pianos, while pianist ] dubbed it the "] of pianos".<ref name="SeattleTimes"/><ref name="georgefox.edu"></ref><ref name="Wise">, ''The New York Times'', May 9, 2004. Retrieved March 23, 2008.</ref> The '''Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial''', or '''Imperial Bösendorfer''' (also colloquially known as the '''290'''<ref name="TheSeattleTimes"/>) is the largest model and ] ] manufactured by ], at around {{cvt|290|cm|ftin}} long, {{cvt|175|cm|ftin}} wide, and weighing {{cvt|552|kg|lb}}.<ref name=290Imperial>{{cite web |url=http://www.boesendorfer.com/en/model-290-imperial.html |title=Model 290 Imperial |work=Bösendorfer |accessdate=26 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111181650/http://www.boesendorfer.com/en/model-290-imperial.html |archive-date=11 November 2013 }}</ref> It has an eight-octave range from ]. For 90 years it was the only concert grand piano in the world with 97 keys,<ref name=fox/> until it was joined in 1990 by the instruments of ] of Australia. Music critic Melinda Bargreen has described the Imperial as the '']'' of pianos, while pianist ] dubbed it the "] of pianos".<ref name="TheSeattleTimes"/><ref name=fox>{{cite web |url=http://www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/fine_arts/music/piano.html |title=Bösendorfer Imperial Grand Piano |website=] |accessdate=2018-03-13 |archive-date=2021-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109141148/https://www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/fine_arts/music/piano.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Wise">Wise, Michael Z. (May 9, 2004). . '']''. Retrieved March 23, 2008.</ref>


== Extra keys == == Extra keys ==
Bösendorfer built the first Imperial in 1909, following a suggestion by composer ] to build a model with an extended range.<ref name="Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial"/> Busoni sought to extend the range to accommodate his transcription of ]'s organ works. In order to emulate the 32 foot registers available on some large organs, he needed the entire octave down to C0.<ref></ref> Bösendorfer built the first Imperial in 1909, following a suggestion by composer ] to build a model with an extended range.<ref name=290Imperial/> Busoni sought to extend the range to accommodate his transcription of ]'s organ works. In order to emulate the 32 foot registers available on some large organs, he needed the entire octave down to C0.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boesendorfer.com/en/pianos/pianos/Concert-Grand-290-Imperial |title=Concert Grand 290 Imperial |website=Boesendorfer |accessdate=2018-03-13}}</ref>


The Bösendorfer Imperial features 97 keys: a full eight octaves. This is in contrast to their other extended model, the Bösendorfer 225, which has 92 keys (down to F<sub>0</sub>). The extra keys, which are all at the bass end of the keyboard (that is, to the left), are colored black so that the pianist can tell them apart from the normal keys of an 88-key piano. They were originally covered with a removable panel to prevent a pianist from accidentally playing the extra notes. While the keys are seldom used, the extra bass strings create additional harmonic resonance that contributes to an overall richer sound. Compositions have been written specifically to utilize the extra keys.<ref name="SeattleTimes"/><ref name="Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial" /><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.uwec.edu/centers/vball/bosendorfer.htm | title=Bösendorfer Imperial Grand Piano | publisher=University of Wisconsin Eau Claire | date=12 November 2014 | accessdate=20 November 2014}}</ref> The Bösendorfer Imperial features 97 keys: a full eight octaves. This is in contrast to their other extended model, the Bösendorfer 225, which has 92 keys (down to F<sub>0</sub>). The extra keys, which are all at the bass end of the keyboard (that is, to the left), are colored black so that the pianist can tell them apart from the normal keys of an 88-key piano. They were originally covered with a removable panel to prevent a pianist from accidentally playing the extra notes. While the keys are seldom used, the extra bass strings create additional harmonic resonance that contributes to an overall richer sound. Compositions have been written specifically to use the extra keys.<ref name="TheSeattleTimes"/><ref name=290Imperial/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uwec.edu/centers/vball/bosendorfer.htm |title=Bösendorfer Imperial Grand Piano |website=] |date=12 November 2014 |accessdate=20 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224151524/http://www.uwec.edu/centers/vball/bosendorfer.htm | archive-date=24 December 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫ Pianist and ] School of Music director Robin McCabe explains the challenge of adjusting to the extra keys: "One's 'southern sight-lines,' so to speak, can be seriously skewed because of the extra footage in the bass. Ending a piece such as ]'s '']'', for example, with its nose-dive final gesture to the low A of the piano, becomes a bit more problematic when that A is ''not'' the lowest note on the piano!" Reportedly, " 290 has proved a bit of a temperamental star, sounding harsh and jarring in the hands of pianists who do not understand how to play it and marvellously refined in the hands of those who do".<ref name="TheSeattleTimes"/>
]
⚫ Pianist and ] School of Music director Robin McCabe explains the challenge of adjusting to the extra keys: "One's 'southern sight-lines,' so to speak, can be seriously skewed because of the extra footage in the bass. Ending a piece such as ]'s '']'', for example, with its nose-dive final gesture to the low A of the piano, becomes a bit more problematic when that A is ''not'' the lowest note on the piano!" Reportedly, " 290 has proved a bit of a temperamental star, sounding harsh and jarring in the hands of pianists who don't understand how to play it, and marvelously refined in the hands of those who do".<ref name="SeattleTimes"/>


==Pricing and availability== ==Pricing and availability==
Bösendorfer Imperial Concert Grand pianos, handcrafted in Austria, retail for between US$256,000 and $560,000 in the U.S., depending on finish, design and whether the Disklavier Enspire computer reproducing system is installed.<ref name="SeattleTimes"/> (Bösendorfer's CEUS reproducing system, developed in-house, is more expensive still.) In 1977, the price was reported to be $35,000,<ref name="New York Magazine 1977">{{cite journal|last=Stern |first=Ellen |date=6 June 1977 |title=Best Bets |journal=New York Magazine |publisher=New York Media |volume=10 |issue=23 |page=68 |issn=0028-7369 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeQCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68 |accessdate=26 March 2010}}</ref> ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|35000|1977|r=-3}}}} in current value.<ref name="SeattleTimes"/><ref name="georgefox.edu"/> Bösendorfer Imperial Concert Grand pianos, handcrafted in Austria, retail for between US$256,000 and $560,000 in the U.S., depending on finish, design and whether the Disklavier Enspire computer reproducing system is installed.<ref name="price"/> (Bösendorfer's CEUS reproducing system, "Create Emotions with Unique Sound", developed in-house, is more expensive still.) In 1977, the price was reported to be $35,000,<ref name=NYMag>{{cite journal |last=Stern |first=Ellen |date=6 June 1977 |title=Best Bets |journal=] |volume=10 |issue=23 |page=68 |issn=0028-7369 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeQCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68 |accessdate=26 March 2010}}</ref> ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|35000|1977|r=-3}}}} in {{inflation year|US}} adjusted for inflation.<ref name="price"/><ref name=fox/>


While the concert piano market is dominated by ], which signs prominent artists to a performance agreement and urges them to refrain from playing any other piano brand, performers preferring the Bösendorfer Imperial will often have that piano shipped with them while on tour.<ref name="Wise"/> While the concert piano market is dominated by ], which signs prominent artists to a performance agreement and urges them to refrain from playing any other piano brand, performers preferring the Bösendorfer Imperial will often have that piano shipped with them while on tour.<ref name="Wise"/>
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==Notable composers and performers== ==Notable composers and performers==


*] * ]
*] * ]
*] * ]
*] * ]
* ]
⚫ * ]<ref name="TheGuardian"/>
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
⚫ * ]<ref name="TheGuardian"/>
⚫ * ]
⚫ * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
⚫ * ]
* ] * ]
⚫ * ]
* ]<ref name="WellTunedPianoNotes"/> * ]<ref name="WellTunedPianoNotes"/>
* ]<ref>{{cite book |title=Property from the Estate of Frank & Gail Zappa |chapter=Item 468: Frank Zappa Bossendorfer Grand Piano |url=http://www.juliensauctions.com/images/auctions/2016/frank-and-gail-zappa/flipbook/icatalog.html |publisher=Julien's Auctions |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=12 June 2018 |archive-date=6 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606060144/http://www.juliensauctions.com/images/auctions/2016/frank-and-gail-zappa/flipbook/icatalog.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


== References == == References ==
{{reflist|refs= {{reflist|2|refs=


<ref name="SeattleTimes">{{cite web |url=http://www.pianobuyer.com/current-issue/acoustic-prices-boesendorfer.html?date=20170902&slug=great24 |title=The Definitive Piano Buying Guide for Buying New, Used, and Restored Acoustic Pianos and Digital Pianos|author=Larry Fine |date=2016 |work=] |accessdate=September 2, 2017 }}</ref> <ref name="TheSeattleTimes">{{cite web |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=20020324&slug=great24 |title=Incredible Instruments: Some find Bösendorfer pianos grand indeed |first=Melinda |last=Bargreen |date=24 May 2002 |newspaper=]|accessdate=3 Mar 2024}}</ref>


<ref name="price">{{cite web |url=http://www.pianobuyer.com/current-issue/acoustic-prices-boesendorfer.html?date=20170902&slug=great24 |title=The Definitive Piano Buying Guide for Buying New, Used, and Restored Acoustic Pianos and Digital Pianos |first=Larry |last=Fine |date=2016 |website=Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer |accessdate=September 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902151329/http://www.pianobuyer.com/current-issue/acoustic-prices-boesendorfer.html?date=20170902&slug=great24 |archive-date=September 2, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="GeorgeFoxUniversity">{{cite web |url=http://www.georgefox.edu/academics/undergrad/departments/fine_arts/music/piano.html |title=Bösendorfer Imperial |author=] Music Department |year=2006 |accessdate=March 11, 2010 }}</ref>


<ref name="TheGuardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/04/charlemagne-palestine-carillon-bells |title=Charlemagne Palestine – a man who plays the whole building |author=Alfred Hickling |date=March 4, 2010 |work=] |accessdate=March 11, 2010 }}</ref> <ref name="TheGuardian">{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/mar/04/charlemagne-palestine-carillon-bells |title=Charlemagne Palestine – a man who plays the whole building |first=Alfred |last=Hickling |date=March 4, 2010 |newspaper=] |location=] |accessdate=March 11, 2010 }}</ref>


<ref name="WellTunedPianoNotes">{{cite AV media notes |title=The Well-Tuned Piano: 81 x 25 6:17:50-11:18:59 PM NYC |titlelink= |others=La Monte Young |year=1987 |chapter=Notes on The-Well Tuned Piano |url= |first=La Monte |last=Young }}</ref> <ref name="WellTunedPianoNotes">{{cite AV media notes |title=The Well-Tuned Piano: 81 x 25 6:17:50-11:18:59 PM NYC |others=La Monte Young |year=1987 |chapter=Notes on The-Well Tuned Piano |first=La Monte |last=Young }}</ref>


}} }}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Imperial Bosendorfer (piano)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Imperial Bosendorfer (piano)}}
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Latest revision as of 17:48, 28 August 2024

97-key grand piano
Imperial Bösendorfer in the Music Hall of the University of Bamberg

The Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial, or Imperial Bösendorfer (also colloquially known as the 290) is the largest model and flagship piano manufactured by Bösendorfer, at around 290 cm (9 ft 6 in) long, 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) wide, and weighing 552 kg (1,217 lb). It has an eight-octave range from C0 to C8. For 90 years it was the only concert grand piano in the world with 97 keys, until it was joined in 1990 by the instruments of Stuart & Sons of Australia. Music critic Melinda Bargreen has described the Imperial as the ne plus ultra of pianos, while pianist Garrick Ohlsson dubbed it the "Rolls-Royce of pianos".

Extra keys

Bösendorfer built the first Imperial in 1909, following a suggestion by composer Ferruccio Busoni to build a model with an extended range. Busoni sought to extend the range to accommodate his transcription of Johann Sebastian Bach's organ works. In order to emulate the 32 foot registers available on some large organs, he needed the entire octave down to C0.

The Bösendorfer Imperial features 97 keys: a full eight octaves. This is in contrast to their other extended model, the Bösendorfer 225, which has 92 keys (down to F0). The extra keys, which are all at the bass end of the keyboard (that is, to the left), are colored black so that the pianist can tell them apart from the normal keys of an 88-key piano. They were originally covered with a removable panel to prevent a pianist from accidentally playing the extra notes. While the keys are seldom used, the extra bass strings create additional harmonic resonance that contributes to an overall richer sound. Compositions have been written specifically to use the extra keys. Pianist and University of Washington School of Music director Robin McCabe explains the challenge of adjusting to the extra keys: "One's 'southern sight-lines,' so to speak, can be seriously skewed because of the extra footage in the bass. Ending a piece such as Debussy's L'isle joyeuse, for example, with its nose-dive final gesture to the low A of the piano, becomes a bit more problematic when that A is not the lowest note on the piano!" Reportedly, " 290 has proved a bit of a temperamental star, sounding harsh and jarring in the hands of pianists who do not understand how to play it and marvellously refined in the hands of those who do".

Pricing and availability

Bösendorfer Imperial Concert Grand pianos, handcrafted in Austria, retail for between US$256,000 and $560,000 in the U.S., depending on finish, design and whether the Disklavier Enspire computer reproducing system is installed. (Bösendorfer's CEUS reproducing system, "Create Emotions with Unique Sound", developed in-house, is more expensive still.) In 1977, the price was reported to be $35,000, $176,000 in 2023 adjusted for inflation.

While the concert piano market is dominated by Steinway & Sons, which signs prominent artists to a performance agreement and urges them to refrain from playing any other piano brand, performers preferring the Bösendorfer Imperial will often have that piano shipped with them while on tour.

Notable composers and performers

References

  1. ^ Bargreen, Melinda (24 May 2002). "Incredible Instruments: Some find Bösendorfer pianos grand indeed". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 3 Mar 2024.
  2. ^ "Model 290 Imperial". Bösendorfer. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  3. ^ "Bösendorfer Imperial Grand Piano". George Fox University. Archived from the original on 2021-11-09. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  4. ^ Wise, Michael Z. (May 9, 2004). "Piano Versus Piano". The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
  5. "Concert Grand 290 Imperial". Boesendorfer. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  6. "Bösendorfer Imperial Grand Piano". University of Wisconsin Eau Claire. 12 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  7. ^ Fine, Larry (2016). "The Definitive Piano Buying Guide for Buying New, Used, and Restored Acoustic Pianos and Digital Pianos". Acoustic & Digital Piano Buyer. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  8. Stern, Ellen (6 June 1977). "Best Bets". New York. 10 (23): 68. ISSN 0028-7369. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
  9. Hickling, Alfred (March 4, 2010). "Charlemagne Palestine – a man who plays the whole building". The Guardian. London. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  10. Young, La Monte (1987). "Notes on The-Well Tuned Piano". The Well-Tuned Piano: 81 x 25 6:17:50-11:18:59 PM NYC (Media notes). La Monte Young.
  11. "Item 468: Frank Zappa Bossendorfer Grand Piano". Property from the Estate of Frank & Gail Zappa. Julien's Auctions. 4 November 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2018.

External links

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