Mesodermochelys: Difference between revisions

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	{{Automatic taxobox		{{Automatic taxobox
	\| fossil_range = ] {{fossilrange\|Campanian\|Maastrichtian}}		\| fossil_range = ] {{fossilrange\|Campanian\|Maastrichtian}}
	\| image = ~~Mesodermochelys undulatus~~ at Hobetsu Museum in Mukawa, Hokkaido.jpg		\| image = Mesodernochelys at Hobetsu Museum in Mukawa, Hokkaido (cropped).jpg
	\| image_caption = ''Mesodermochelys undulatus''		\| image_caption = ''Mesodermochelys undulatus''
	\| taxon = Mesodermochelys		\| taxon = Mesodermochelys
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	'''''Mesodermochelys''''' is an ] ] of ] known from the ] to the ] (Late ]) of what today is ].<ref name="Hirayama, 2007">Hirayama R. (2007). "Cranial morphology of ''Mesodermochelys'' (Chelonioidea; Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous of Japan". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''27''' (3): 89A. </ref> One species is known, the ] ''M. undulatus'';<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/> it was given its ] by Ren Hirayama and Tsutomu Chitoku in 1996.<ref name="Hirayama et al., 2006">Hirayama R, Fujii A, Takahashi K. (2006). "A dermochelyid sea turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Izumi Group of Shionoe, Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Western Japan". ''Fossils (Palaeontological Society of Japan)'' '''80''': 17-20. </ref> Studies of its skull indicate that it was a primitive member of the Dermochelyidae (] family) that was closely related to the ].<ref name="Hirayama, 2007"/> It has been described as the best representative of ] dermochelyids.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/>		'''''Mesodermochelys''''' is an ] ] of ] known from the ] to the ] (Late ]) of what today is ]<ref name="Hirayama, 2007">Hirayama R. (2007). "Cranial morphology of ''Mesodermochelys'' (Chelonioidea; Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous of Japan". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' '''27''' (3): 89A. </ref> and from the Maastrichtian of ].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Otero \|first=Rodrigo A. \|year=2024 \|title=Review of two marine vertebrate assemblages from the Arauco Basin (central Chile) reveals diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|at=105996 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105996 }}</ref> One species is known, the ] ''M. undulatus'';<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/> it was given its ] by Ren Hirayama and Tsutomu Chitoku in 1996.<ref name="Hirayama et al., 2006">Hirayama R, Fujii A, Takahashi K. (2006). "A dermochelyid sea turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Izumi Group of Shionoe, Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Western Japan". ''Fossils (Palaeontological Society of Japan)'' '''80''': 17-20. </ref> Studies of its skull indicate that it was a primitive member of the Dermochelyidae (] family) that was closely related to the ].<ref name="Hirayama, 2007"/> It has been described as the best representative of ] dermochelyids.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/>

	==Description==		==Description==
	]'' carcass]]		]'' carcass]]
	Like other dermochelyids, ''Mesodermochelys'' had elongated front flippers.<ref name="Hirayama, 2007"/> One fossil found in Japan's ] had a ] estimated to be 1.3 ~~metres~~ in length.<ref name="Hirayama et al., 2006"/> Only the neural or spinal ]s, or individual plates, of the carapace are well grooved.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/>		Like other dermochelyids, ''Mesodermochelys'' had elongated front flippers.<ref name="Hirayama, 2007"/> One fossil found in Japan's ] had a ] estimated to be {{convert\|1.3\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in length,<ref name="Hirayama et al., 2006"/> and specimen from Hokkaido had carapace up to {{convert\|1.5\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996" /> Only the neural or spinal ]s, or individual plates, of the carapace are well grooved.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/>

	==Specimens==		==Specimens==
			The holotype specimen of ''Mesodermochelys undulatus'' Hobetsu Museum (HMG) 5 was collected in 1980 from the ] ] (]) in Inasato, ], ], Japan. It comprises a supraoccipital and partial postcranial skeleton and was reported in 1996 along with 14 referred specimens collected between 1977 and 1994 and also reposited at HMG.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/>
	In October 2005, Yoshiyuki Hattori uncovered a skull of ''Mesodermochelys'', in the ]-age ] in the ]. The skull is very well preserved but is missing most of the dermal roof bones through weathering. It was donated to the Hokkaido Museum, where ] etching revealed characteristics <!--not informative--> distinguishing it from related chelonioids and enabling its taxonomic placement in relation to them. Other, less complete specimens of ''Mesodermochelys'' skulls and jaws have been found in the ] type locality of the Hokkaido Prefecture.<ref name="Hirayama, 2007"/> A total of fifteen specimens have been uncovered, including an almost-complete shell.<ref name="Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996"/>

			In October 2005, Yoshiyuki Hattori uncovered a skull presumed to be ''Mesodermochelys'', from an unnamed ]-aged interval of the ] in the ]. The skull is very well preserved but is missing most of the dermal roof bones through weathering. It was donated to the defunct Historical Museum of Hokkaido, which has since been integrated into and replaced by the ].<ref name="Hirayama, 2007"/>

	==References==		==References==
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Latest revision as of 20:08, 28 August 2024

Extinct genus of turtles

Mesodermochelys Temporal range: Late Cretaceous Campanian–Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Mesodermochelys undulatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Superfamily:	Chelonioidea
Family:	Dermochelyidae
Genus:	†Mesodermochelys Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996
Type species
†Mesodermochelys undulatus Hirayama & Chitoku, 1996

Mesodermochelys is an extinct genus of sea turtle known from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of what today is Japan and from the Maastrichtian of Chile. One species is known, the type species M. undulatus; it was given its binomial name by Ren Hirayama and Tsutomu Chitoku in 1996. Studies of its skull indicate that it was a primitive member of the Dermochelyidae (leatherback turtle family) that was closely related to the Protostegidae. It has been described as the best representative of Mesozoic dermochelyids.

Description

Like other dermochelyids, Mesodermochelys had elongated front flippers. One fossil found in Japan's Kagawa Prefecture had a carapace estimated to be 1.3 m (4.3 ft) in length, and specimen from Hokkaido had carapace up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft). Only the neural or spinal scutes, or individual plates, of the carapace are well grooved.

Specimens

The holotype specimen of Mesodermochelys undulatus Hobetsu Museum (HMG) 5 was collected in 1980 from the Maastrichtian Hakobuchi Formation (Yezo Group) in Inasato, Hobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. It comprises a supraoccipital and partial postcranial skeleton and was reported in 1996 along with 14 referred specimens collected between 1977 and 1994 and also reposited at HMG.

In October 2005, Yoshiyuki Hattori uncovered a skull presumed to be Mesodermochelys, from an unnamed Santonian-aged interval of the Yezo Group in the Hokkaido Prefecture. The skull is very well preserved but is missing most of the dermal roof bones through weathering. It was donated to the defunct Historical Museum of Hokkaido, which has since been integrated into and replaced by the Hokkaido Museum.

References

^ Hirayama R, Chitoku T. (1996). "Family Dermochelyidae (Superfamily Chelonioidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Japan". Transactions and proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan. New series 184: 597-622. online, retrieved 28 July 2008
^ Hirayama R. (2007). "Cranial morphology of Mesodermochelys (Chelonioidea; Testudines) from the Late Cretaceous of Japan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (3): 89A. online, retrieved 28 July 2008
Otero, Rodrigo A. (2024). "Review of two marine vertebrate assemblages from the Arauco Basin (central Chile) reveals diversity changes throughout the Maastrichtian". Cretaceous Research. 105996. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2024.105996.
^ Hirayama R, Fujii A, Takahashi K. (2006). "A dermochelyid sea turtle from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Campanian) Izumi Group of Shionoe, Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Western Japan". Fossils (Palaeontological Society of Japan) 80: 17-20. online, retrieved 28 July 2008

Dermochelyidae family

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Subclass: Anapsida
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Cryptodira
Superfamily: Chelonioidea
Family: Dermochelyidae

Genera

Species of the Dermochelyidae family

†Arabemys

†Arabemys crassiscutata

†Corsochelys

†Corsochelys halinches

†Cosmochelys

†Cosmochelys dolloi

Dermochelys

Leatherback sea turtle

†Eosphargis

†Eosphargis breineri

†Mesodermochelys

†Mesodermochelys undulatus

†Psephophorus

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Diapsida
Order: Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See also List of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Mesodermochelys	Wikidata: Q6821460 Wikispecies: Mesodermochelys GBIF: 4819104 IRMNG: 1214553 Open Tree of Life: 3606600 Paleobiology Database: 239567

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