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{{short description|Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 2005}} #redirect ]
{{about|the Atlantic hurricane of 2005|the 2017 hurricane that hit Puerto Rico and other Caribbean islands|Hurricane Maria}}
{{Other hurricanes|List of storms named Maria}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Hurricane Maria
| image = Maria Sept 5 2005 1430Z.jpg
| caption = Hurricane Maria near peak intensity on September 5
| formed = September 1, 2005
| extratropical = September 10
| dissipated = September 14, 2005
| basin = Atl
}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS
| winds = 100
| pressure = 962
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2005
| fatalities = 1 direct <small>(with ])</small>, 3 indirect
| damage = 3100000
| areas = ], ], ], ]
| refs =
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = ]
}}


{{redirect from merge}}
'''Hurricane Maria''' was an ] which formed in September&nbsp;2005 during the ]. Maria was the thirteenth named storm, sixth hurricane, and fourth major hurricane of the record-breaking season. Maria formed in the central ] on September 1 and tracked to the northwest, strengthening as it moved over warm waters. The storm reached its peak intensity on September 5 east of ] and gradually weakened before becoming ] on September 10. Maria did not affect any land as a tropical cyclone, but Maria brought tropical storm-force winds to ] as an extratropical cyclone and produced heavy rain and three fatalities in Norway.

==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Maria 2005 track.png}}
A powerful ] moved off the coast of Africa on August 27. As it moved west into the ], it became more organized and the system developed into Tropical Depression Fourteen about midway between ] and the ] on September 1.<ref name="MariaTCR">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Maria|publisher=NOAA|access-date=May 7, 2006|format=PDF|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL142005_Maria}}}}</ref> Shear from an upper-level low to the southwest slowed the development of the storm and caused uncertainties in the ]'s forecasts, as some models indicated that the depression would dissipate and others that it would become a hurricane.<ref name="NHC-disc1">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=Discussion for Tropical Depression Fourteen, 11:00 a.m. EDT, September 1, 2005|publisher=NOAA|access-date=May 7, 2006|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al142005.discus.001.shtml}}</ref> The depression gradually strengthened as it moved to the northwest across the open Atlantic Ocean, becoming Tropical Storm Maria on September 2 and reaching hurricane strength on September 4.<ref name="MariaTCR"/>

In the central Atlantic, Hurricane Maria continued to strengthen in favorable conditions, and on September 5 briefly became a ] hurricane with {{convert|115|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} winds while {{convert|480|mi|km}} east of ]. Increasing shear and cooler waters caused the storm to rapidly weaken to a minimal hurricane on September 7. Operationally, the NHC believed that Maria had briefly weakened further into a tropical storm, but post-season analysis confirmed this did not occur.<ref name="NHC-disc23">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=Discussion for Tropical Storm Maria, 11:00 p.m. EDT, September 6, 2005|publisher=NOAA|access-date=May 7, 2006|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al142005.discus.023.shtml}}</ref>

As Hurricane Maria moved to the northeast the official forecasts called for the storm to continue to weaken slowly but an interaction with an upper-level trough caused Maria to strengthen again. It was also predicted that the storm would rapidly become ], but Maria retained tropical characteristics for 48&nbsp;hours longer than some forecasts indicated.<ref name="NHC-disc26">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|title=Discussion for Hurricane Maria, 5:00 p.m. EDT, September 7, 2005|publisher=NOAA|access-date=May 7, 2006|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/dis/al142005.discus.026.shtml}}</ref> Maria weakened into a tropical storm on September 9 before finally becoming extratropical about midway between the ] and ] early on September 10.<ref name="MariaTCR"/>

The extratropical system intensified considerably, achieving hurricane intensity once again on September 11 at about 52°N, with a minimum pressure of 962 ] (]) — equal to its minimum pressure as a tropical cyclone. It passed just to the south of ] on September 13 as a hurricane-strength extratropical system (although the center stayed offshore). As the storm approached Norway on September 14 it merged with another strong extratropical system.<ref name="MariaTCR"/>

==Impact and records==
{{See also|Hatlestad Slide}}
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While Maria remained far from the ], ]s caused by the combined effects of the distant Maria and the closer ] (which was near ] at the time) killed one person and seriously injured another in ].<ref name="natemaria">{{cite web|author=National Climatic Data Center|year=2005|title=Event Record Details for New Jersey|access-date=2006-05-31|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~591538|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618101826/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~591538|archive-date=2008-06-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Maria never approached any land areas while a tropical system, but tracked toward northern Europe after becoming an ] on September 10. The first land effects were felt in ] on September 12, where tropical storm-force winds were reported. The strongest winds were recorded in ] where sustained winds in excess of {{convert|67|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} were reported as well as a minimum pressure of 979 ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/station/04048/2005/9/12/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA |title=History : Weather Underground |publisher=Wunderground.com |date=2005-09-12 |access-date=2009-05-31}}</ref> The storm then brushed the northernmost part of Scotland, with no reported damage there either.<ref name="MariaTCR"/> The extratropical Maria merged with another system and this storm made landfall in Norway. This storm brought tropical storm-force winds and heavy rainfall to that country, and caused ]ing and several ]s, particularly around ], the most important of which ]. One person was killed immediately, at least nine others were injured, and numerous homes were destroyed. Marine interests were also affected, as a large number of ] were docked in the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.terradaily.com/news/hurricane-05zzv.html |title=Weakened Hurricane Maria Leaves One Dead In Norway |publisher=Terradaily.com |access-date=2009-05-31}}</ref> On September 18, a woman died of injuries. Her daughter died on February 7, 2006, after having been kept alive in a respirator since the accident.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article1216890.ece |title=Child's life comes to an end - Aftenposten.no |publisher=Aftenposten.no<! |access-date=2009-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214150431/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article1216890.ece |archive-date=February 14, 2006 }}</ref> After the storm, kr18.8&nbsp;million (], $3.1&nbsp;million in ]) in compensation was given for the damage.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bergens Tidende |url=http://www.bt.no/lokalt/bergen/article321456.ece |title=Bergen får 18 millioner for uværskader - bt.no |publisher=bt.no<! |access-date=2009-05-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014452/http://www.bt.no/lokalt/bergen/article321456.ece |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>

When Maria developed on September 2, it was the earliest ever in a season that the 13th named tropical storm developed, beating the previous record held by Hurricane Thirteen of the ] by six days. This record has since been broken by ] in ].

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
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==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikinews| Hurricane Maria forms in Atlantic}}
* {{NHC TCR url|id=AL142005_Maria|title=NHC's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Maria}}
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{{2005 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}

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