| Revision as of 23:56, 3 July 2024 editAnomieBOT (talk | contribs)Bots6,579,507 editsm Dating maintenance tags: {{Cleanup}}← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 05:49, 9 September 2024 edit undoWikiCleanerBot (talk | contribs)Bots928,066 editsm v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation - Link equal to linktext)Tag: WPCleaner |
| (4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
{{Short description|Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting GJ 1132}} |
|
{{Short description|Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting GJ 1132}} |
|
{{Cleanup|reason=Contradiction between parts of the article. For example, the lead say that the planet may be cool enough to have an atmosphere, but the "atmosphere" section says that it is unlikely.|date=July 2024}} |
|
|
{{Infobox planet |
|
{{Infobox planet |
|
| name = GJ 1132 b |
|
| name = GJ 1132 b |
|
|
| image = Exoplanet Comparison GJ 1132 b.png |
|
⚫ |
| caption = Size comparison of GJ 1132 b with Earth |
|
<!-- DISCOVERY --> |
|
<!-- DISCOVERY --> |
|
| discovery_ref = <ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> |
|
| discovery_ref = <ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> |
| Line 10: |
Line 11: |
|
| discovery_method = ] |
|
| discovery_method = ] |
|
<!-- ORBITAL --> |
|
<!-- ORBITAL --> |
|
| orbit_ref = <ref name=Bonfils_et_al_2018/> |
|
| orbit_ref = <ref name=Xue2024/><ref name="Kokori2023"/> |
|
| apsis = astron |
|
| apsis = astron |
|
| semimajor = {{val|0.0153|0.0005|ul=AU}} |
|
| semimajor = {{val|0.01570|0.00013|ul=AU}} |
|
| eccentricity = <0.22 |
|
| eccentricity = {{val|0.0118|0.047|0.0099}} |
|
| period = {{val|1.6289304|(13)|ul=d}}<ref name="Kokori2023"/> |
|
| period = {{val|1.62892911|0.00000029|0.00000030|ul=d}} |
|
| inclination = {{val|86.58|0.63|u=deg}}<ref name="Southworth2017"/> |
|
| inclination = {{val|86.58|0.63|u=deg}}<ref name="Southworth2017"/> |
|
| semi-amplitude = {{val|2.85|0.34|ul=m/s}} |
|
| semi-amplitude = {{val|2.98|0.30|ul=m/s}} |
|
| star = ] |
|
| star = ] |
|
<!-- PHYS CHARS --> |
|
<!-- PHYS CHARS --> |
| Line 25: |
Line 26: |
|
| surface_grav = {{val|12.9|2.2|ul=m/s2}} |
|
| surface_grav = {{val|12.9|2.2|ul=m/s2}} |
|
| escape_velocity = {{val|13.6|1.0|ul=km/s}} |
|
| escape_velocity = {{val|13.6|1.0|ul=km/s}} |
|
|
| albedo = {{val|0.19|0.12|0.15}}<ref name=Xue2024/> |
|
| single_temperature = |
|
|
|
| single_temperature = {{val|583.8|11|8.5|ul=K}} ({{convert|583.8|K|C F|disp=out}}, ])<ref name=Xue2024/><br />{{val|709|31|ul=K}} ({{convert|709|K|C F|disp=out}}, day side)<ref name=Xue2024/> |
|
<!-- ATMOSPHERE --> |
|
<!-- ATMOSPHERE --> |
|
|
| atmosphere_composition = None or extremely thin<ref name=Xue2024/> |
|
<!-- NOTES --> |
|
<!-- NOTES --> |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
'''GJ 1132 b''' (also known as '''Gliese 1132 b''') is an ] orbiting ], a ] star star {{convert|41|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} from ],<ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> in the constellation ]. The planet is considered uninhabitable but cool enough to possess an ].<ref name="MIT News">{{cite news |last=Chu |first=Jennifer |url=https://news.mit.edu/2015/new-earth-sized-exoplanet-1111 |title=New exoplanet in our neighborhood |work=MIT News |date=November 11, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-12 }}</ref> GJ 1132 b was discovered by the ] in Chile.<ref name="Eager">{{cite news |title = Astronomers Eager to Get a Whiff of Newfound Venus-like Planet|work = ]|date = November 11, 2015|access-date = 2015-11-12|url = https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2015-24}}</ref> |
|
'''GJ 1132 b''' (also known as '''Gliese 1132 b''') is an ] orbiting ], a ] star {{convert|41|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} from ],<ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> in the constellation ]. The planet is considered uninhabitable but was thought to be cool enough to possess an ].<ref name="MIT News">{{cite news |last=Chu |first=Jennifer |url=https://news.mit.edu/2015/new-earth-sized-exoplanet-1111 |title=New exoplanet in our neighborhood |work=MIT News |date=November 11, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-12 }}</ref> GJ 1132 b was discovered by the ] in Chile.<ref name="Eager">{{cite news |title = Astronomers Eager to Get a Whiff of Newfound Venus-like Planet|work = ]|date = November 11, 2015|access-date = 2015-11-12|url = https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2015-24}}</ref> |
| ⚫ |
] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
It has been called "one of the most important planets ever discovered beyond the Solar System": Due to its relative proximity to Earth, telescopes should be able to determine the composition of its atmosphere, the speed of its winds and the color of its sunsets.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Earth-like world could be 'most important planet found outside solar system'|url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/11/earth-like-world-gj1132b-could-be-most-important-planet-ever-found-outside-the-solar-system|website = The Guardian|access-date = 2015-11-11|first = Ian|last = Sample| date=11 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title = Exoplanet GJ 1132b: the 'most important' ever found|url = https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-11/12/gj-1132b-most-important-planet-solar-system|magazine = Wired UK|access-date = 2015-11-12|last = Burgess|first = Matt}}</ref><ref name="Kavli">{{cite news |url=http://www.kavlifoundation.org/science-spotlights/getting-close-and-personal-earth-sized-exoplanet#.VkYmYeSFMY8 |title=Getting Up Close and Personal with an Earth-Sized Exoplanet |work=The Kavli Foundation |date=November 11, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2017-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607020950/http://www.kavlifoundation.org/science-spotlights/getting-close-and-personal-earth-sized-exoplanet#.VkYmYeSFMY8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This is due in part to the small diameter of its parent star (20% that of the Sun), which increases the effect on the star's light of its ]s. The planet's diameter is approximately 20% larger than that of the Earth<ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> and its mass is estimated at 1.6 times that of Earth,<ref name="MIT News"/> implying that it has an Earth-like ].<ref name=Kowacki /> GJ 1132 b orbits its star every 1.6 days at a distance of 1.4 million miles (2.24 million kilometres).<ref name='Eager'/> |
|
It had been called "one of the most important planets ever discovered beyond the Solar System": Due to its relative proximity to Earth, telescopes should have been able to determine the composition of its atmosphere, the speed of its winds and the color of its sunsets,<ref>{{Cite news|title = Earth-like world could be 'most important planet found outside solar system'|url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/11/earth-like-world-gj1132b-could-be-most-important-planet-ever-found-outside-the-solar-system|website = The Guardian|access-date = 2015-11-11|first = Ian|last = Sample| date=11 November 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title = Exoplanet GJ 1132b: the 'most important' ever found|url = https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-11/12/gj-1132b-most-important-planet-solar-system|magazine = Wired UK|access-date = 2015-11-12|last = Burgess|first = Matt}}</ref><ref name="Kavli">{{cite news |url=http://www.kavlifoundation.org/science-spotlights/getting-close-and-personal-earth-sized-exoplanet#.VkYmYeSFMY8 |title=Getting Up Close and Personal with an Earth-Sized Exoplanet |work=The Kavli Foundation |date=November 11, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |archive-date=2017-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607020950/http://www.kavlifoundation.org/science-spotlights/getting-close-and-personal-earth-sized-exoplanet#.VkYmYeSFMY8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> if an atmosphere was present. This is due in part to the small diameter of its parent star (20% that of the Sun), which increases the effect on the star's light of its ]s. The planet's diameter is approximately 20% larger than that of the Earth<ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> and its mass is estimated at 1.6 times that of Earth,<ref name="MIT News"/> implying that it has an Earth-like ].<ref name=Kowacki /> GJ 1132 b orbits its star every 1.6 days at a distance of 1.4 million miles (2.24 million kilometres).<ref name='Eager'/> |
|
|
|
|
|
The planet receives 19 times more ] than Earth.<ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> The ] is estimated at {{convert|529|K|C F}} for an Earth-like ], or {{convert|409|K|C F}} for a Venus-like albedo. The planet is likely to be hotter than Venus, as higher temperatures likely prevail at the surface if the planet has an atmosphere.<ref name=Kowacki>{{cite web| url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1111/Spotted-A-rocky-Earth-sized-planet-close-by| title=Spotted: A rocky Earth-sized planet close by |work=]| date=2015-11-11| author=Eva Botkin-Kowacki}}</ref> |
|
The planet receives 19 times more ] than Earth.<ref name="Berta-Thompson2015"/> The ] is estimated at {{convert|529|K|C F}} for an Earth-like ], or {{convert|409|K|C F}} for a Venus-like albedo. The planet is likely to be hotter than Venus, as higher temperatures likely prevail at the surface if the planet has an atmosphere.<ref name=Kowacki>{{cite web| url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/1111/Spotted-A-rocky-Earth-sized-planet-close-by| title=Spotted: A rocky Earth-sized planet close by |work=]| date=2015-11-11| author=Eva Botkin-Kowacki}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Atmosphere== |
|
==Atmosphere== |
|
In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://phys.org/news/2017-04-atmosphere-super-earth.html|title = Atmosphere around super-Earth detected|website=Phys.Org|date = April 6, 2017|access-date = April 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Southworth2017"/> However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim.<ref name="Diamond-Lowe2018"/> Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture ] and ] (implying substantial underlying free ] in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed.<ref name="Swain2021"/> However, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat,<ref name="Mugnai2021"/><ref name="Libby-Roberts2022"/> which is more consistent with our current understanding of ].{{Citation needed |date=July 2024}} |
|
GJ 1132b has been subject to multiple claims about the detection of an atmosphere. In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://phys.org/news/2017-04-atmosphere-super-earth.html|title = Atmosphere around super-Earth detected|website=Phys.Org|date = April 6, 2017|access-date = April 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Southworth2017"/> However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim.<ref name="Diamond-Lowe2018"/> Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture ] and ] (implying substantial underlying free ] in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed.<ref name="Swain2021"/> However, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat,<ref name="Mugnai2021"/><ref name="Libby-Roberts2022"/> which is more consistent with our current understanding of ].{{Citation needed |date=July 2024}} |
|
|
|
|
|
A secondary eclipse observed by the ] and published in 2024 revealed a substellar temperature of {{val|709|31|ul=K}} ({{convert|709|K|C F|disp=out}}). This is only slightly below the maximum possible dayside temperature of {{val|746|11|14|ul=K}} ({{convert|746|K|C F|disp=out}}), assuming a zero albedo planet with no heat redistribution. The thermal emission spectra rules out pure-] atmospheres above 0.006 bar and pure-] atmospheres above 0.16 bar.<ref name=Xue2024/> Therefore, GJ 1132b likely has little to no atmosphere, consistent with the idea of the "Cosmic Shoreline"<ref name=Xue2024/> and similar to other hot rocky M-Dwarf planets including ],<ref name="Kreidburg2019"/> ], ]<ref name="Greene2023"/> and ],<ref name="Zieba2023"/> ], and ].<ref name="Mansfield2024"/> |
|
|
|
|
|
==See also== |
|
==See also== |
| Line 76: |
Line 80: |
|
|
|
|
|
<ref name="Swain2021">{{cite journal|arxiv=2103.05657|year=2021|title=Detection of an Atmosphere on a Rocky Exoplanet|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/abe879|last1=Swain|first1=Mark R.|last2=Estrela|first2=Raissa|last3=Roudier|first3=Gael M.|last4=Sotin|first4=Christophe|last5=Rimmer|first5=Paul B.|last6=Valio|first6=Adriana|last7=West|first7=Robert|last8=Pearson|first8=Kyle|last9=Huber-Feely|first9=Noah|last10=Zellem|first10=Robert T.|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=161|issue=5|page=213|bibcode=2021AJ....161..213S|s2cid=232170188 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|
<ref name="Swain2021">{{cite journal|arxiv=2103.05657|year=2021|title=Detection of an Atmosphere on a Rocky Exoplanet|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/abe879|last1=Swain|first1=Mark R.|last2=Estrela|first2=Raissa|last3=Roudier|first3=Gael M.|last4=Sotin|first4=Christophe|last5=Rimmer|first5=Paul B.|last6=Valio|first6=Adriana|last7=West|first7=Robert|last8=Pearson|first8=Kyle|last9=Huber-Feely|first9=Noah|last10=Zellem|first10=Robert T.|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=161|issue=5|page=213|bibcode=2021AJ....161..213S|s2cid=232170188 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
<ref name="Xue2024">{{cite arXiv|last1=Xue|first1=Qiao|last2=Bean|first2=Jacob L.|last3=Zhang|first3=Michael|last4=Mahajan|first4=Alexandra S.|last5=Ih|first5=Jegug|last6=Eastman|first6=Jason D.|last7=Lunine|first7=Jonathan I.|last8=Mansfield|first8=Megan Weiner|last9=Coy|first9=Brandon P.|last10=Kempton|first10=Eliza M.-R.|last11=Koll|first11=Daniel D.|last12=Kite|first12=Edwin S.|date=2024|title=JWST Thermal Emission of the Terrestrial Exoplanet GJ 1132b|eprint=2408.13340}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
<ref name="Kreidburg2019">{{cite journal |last1=Kreidburg |first1=Laura |display-authors=etal |title=Absence of a thick atmosphere on the terrestrial exoplanet LHS 3844b |journal=] |date=August 2019 |volume=573 |issue=7772 |pages=87–90 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1497-4 |pmid=31427764 |arxiv=1908.06834|bibcode=2019Natur.573...87K |s2cid=256819677 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
<ref name="Greene2023">{{cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Bell |first2=Taylor J. |last3=Ducrot |first3=Elsa |last4=Dyrek |first4=Achrène |last5=Lagage |first5=Pierre-Olivier |last6=Fortney |first6=Jonathan J. |date=March 2023 |title=Thermal Emission from the Earth-sized Exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 b using JWST |journal=] |volume=618 |issue=7963 |pages=39–42 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05951-7 |pmid=36972683 |arxiv=2303.14849 |bibcode=2023Natur.618...39G|s2cid=257767242 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
<ref name="Zieba2023">{{cite journal |last1=Zieba |first1=Sebastian |last2=Kreidberg |first2=Laura |last3=Ducrot |first3=Elsa |last4=Gillon |first4=Michaël |display-authors=etal |date=June 2023 |title=No thick carbon dioxide atmosphere on the rocky exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 c |journal=] |volume= 620|issue= 7975|pages= 746–749|doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06232-z |pmid=37337068 |pmc=10447244 |arxiv=2306.10150|bibcode=2023Natur.620..746Z |s2cid=259200424 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
<ref name="Mansfield2024">{{cite arXiv|last1=Mansfield|first1=Megan Weiner|last2=Xue|first2=Qiao|last3=Zhang|first3=Michael|last4=Mahajan|first4=Alexandra S.|last5=Ih|first5=Jegug|last6=Koll|first6=Daniel|last7=Bean|first7=Jacob L.|last8=Coy|first8=Brandon Park|last9=Eastman|first9=Jason D.|last10=Kempton|first10=Eliza M.-R.|last11=Kite|first11=Edwin S.|last12=Lunine|first12=Jonathan|date=2024|title=No Thick Atmosphere on the Terrestrial Exoplanet GI 486b|eprint=2408.15123}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
}} |
|
}} |
It had been called "one of the most important planets ever discovered beyond the Solar System": Due to its relative proximity to Earth, telescopes should have been able to determine the composition of its atmosphere, the speed of its winds and the color of its sunsets, if an atmosphere was present. This is due in part to the small diameter of its parent star (20% that of the Sun), which increases the effect on the star's light of its transits. The planet's diameter is approximately 20% larger than that of the Earth and its mass is estimated at 1.6 times that of Earth, implying that it has an Earth-like rocky composition. GJ 1132 b orbits its star every 1.6 days at a distance of 1.4 million miles (2.24 million kilometres).
GJ 1132b has been subject to multiple claims about the detection of an atmosphere. In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b. However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim. Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture methane and hydrogen cyanide (implying substantial underlying free nitrogen in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed. However, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat, which is more consistent with our current understanding of photoevaporation.
Size comparison of GJ 1132 b with Earth
Chile
Category