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{{other uses}} {{Other uses}}
{{Short description|River in Guangxi, China}}
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
{{Infobox river
| align = right
| name = Li River
| direction = vertical
| other_name = {{Noitalic|{{nobold|{{lang|zh|漓江}}}}}}
| width = 320
| name_etymology =
| image1 = 漓江山水.jpg
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| caption1 = Li River near ]
| image = 87318-Li-River.jpg
| image2 = Lijiang River, Guilin, 1988.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption2 = Li River near ]
| image_caption =
| map =
| map_size = 300px
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size = 300px
| pushpin_map_caption=
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = Subdivision
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
| subdivision_name5 =
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| length = {{convert|164|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location= ]
| discharge1_min =
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|215|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| source1 = ]
| source1_location = ], ], ]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|25.88|N|110.47|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = ]
| mouth_location = ], ], ]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24.64|N|110.61|E|display=inline}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}} }}
{{Infobox Chinese {{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Li River (Chinese characters).svg |pic=Li River (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="Li River" in Chinese characters |piccap="Li River" in ] characters
|picsize=125px |picsize=125px
|c=漓江 |s=漓江
|t=灕江
|p=Lí Jiāng |p=Lí Jiāng
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|l|i|2|-|j|iang|1}} |mi={{IPAc-cmn|l|i|2|-|j|iang|1}}
}} }}
The '''Li River''' or '''Li Jiang''' ({{zh|c=漓江|p=Lí Jiāng}}), which belongs to the ] system in the ] Basin, is a generic term for the tributary of the upper reaches of the ] and is located in the northeastern part of the ], ]. It flows {{convert|215|km|mi|abbr=}} from ] to ] , where the ] mountains and river sights highlight the famous Li River cruise.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BC%93%E6%B1%9F/118453?fr=aladdin|title=漓江-百度百科}}</ref> The '''Li River''' or '''Li Jiang''' ({{zh|c=漓江|p=Lí Jiāng}}) is the name for the upper reaches of the ] in northeastern ], ]. It is part of the ] system in the ] basin, flowing {{convert|164|km|mi|abbr=}} from ] to ].


==Background== ==Background==
The Li River originates in the ] in ] and flows in the general southern direction through ], ] and ]. In Pingle the Li River merges with the ] and the ] and continues south as the ], which falls into the ], the western ] of the ], in ]. The Li River originates in the ] in ] and flows in the general southern direction through ], ] and ]. In Pingle, the Li merges with the ] and ], becoming the Gui, and in turn falls into the ], the western ] of the ].
] on the Li River]] ], on the Li River]]
The upper course of the River Li is connected by the ancient ] with the ], which flows north into the ]; this in the past made the Li and Gui Rivers part of a highly important waterway connecting the Yangtze Valley with the ]. The upper course of the Li River is connected by an ancient ] with the ], which flows north into the ]; this in the past made the Li and Gui Rivers part of a highly important waterway connecting the Yangtze valley with the Pearl delta.


The {{convert|439|km|mi|adj=on}} course of the Li and Gui Rivers is flanked by green hills. ] is often associated with the Lijiang (see ]). The {{convert|439|km|mi|adj=on}} course of the Li and Gui Rivers is flanked by green hills. ] is often associated with the Lijiang.


from Guilin to Yangshuo are famous, attracting millions of visitors a year.<ref name="Tony">{{cite book|last1=Waltham|first1=Tony|editor1-last=Migon|editor1-first=Piotr|title=Guangxi Karst: The Fenglin and Fengcong Karst of Guilin and Yangshuo, in Geomorphological Landscapes of the World|date=2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789048130542|pages=293-302}}</ref> Cruises on the Li are famous, attracting millions of visitors per year.<ref name="Tony">{{cite book|last1=Waltham|first1=Tony|editor1-last=Migon|editor1-first=Piotr|title=Guangxi Karst: The Fenglin and Fengcong Karst of Guilin and Yangshuo, in Geomorphological Landscapes of the World|date=2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=9789048130542|pages=293–302}}</ref>


==Geology== ==Geology==
]
The Li River and tributaries drain the area from Guilin to Yangshuo, descending from 141 m at Guilin to 103 m at Yangshuo. ] past Guilin is 215 ], and ] consisting of ] ]s covered by ] ], form ]s and ] along its route. Yet, it is the 2,600 m of ] and ] ]s and ] terrain within the Guilin ], that gives the area a dramatic landscape. Two distinctive types of karst are found, Fengcong, and Fenglin, which have evolved for the past 10-20 million years, within the ].<ref name=Tony/>
The Li and its tributaries drain the area from Guilin to Yangshuo, descending from {{convert|141|m|ft|adj=on}} at Guilin to {{convert|103|m|ft|adj=on}} at Yangshuo. ] past Guilin is 215 cubic meters per second, and ] sediments consisting of well-sorted gravels covered by silty sand, forming floodplains and terraces along its route. Yet, it is the {{convert|2600|m|ft|adj=on}} of ] and ] limestones and karst terrain within the Guilin basin, that gives the area a dramatic landscape. Two distinctive types of karst are found, Fengcong, and Fenglin, which have evolved for the past 10-20 million years, within the ].<ref name=Tony/>


]
Fengcong karst dominates the course of the Li River and is defined as a group of limestone hills with a common limestone base, with deep depressions or ]s between the peaks, and sometime described as peak cluster depression karst. Hundreds of caves are present in this terrain, with 23 having passages longer than 1 km alongside the Li River gorge. The longest is the Guanyan Cave System that extends from Caoping to Nanxu.<ref name=Tony/>
Fengcong karst dominates the course of the Li River and is defined as a group of limestone hills with a common limestone base, with deep depressions (or ''dolines'') between the peaks, and sometimes described as peak cluster depression karst. Hundreds of caves are present in this terrain, with 23 having passages longer than -1&nbsp;km alongside the Li River gorge. The longest is the Guanyan Cave System which extends from Caoping to Nanxu.<ref name=Tony/>


Fenglin dominates the area around Yangshuo and south of Guilin and is defined as isolated limestone hills separated by a flat limestone surface generally covered by loose sediments, and sometimes described as a peak forest plain. The best known fenglin is the ] around Yangshuo. These towers consist of strong and massive limestone forming near vertical sides with base diameters less than 1.5 times their height. Heights of the towers range from 30 to 80 m in the central basin, but can be as high as 300 m near the Fengcong. In fact, Fenglin evolves from Fengcong by slow and continuous ], associated with the ], and even slower erosion of the towers.<ref name=Tony/> Fenglin dominates the area around Yangshuo and south of Guilin and is defined as isolated limestone hills separated by a flat limestone surface generally covered by loose sediments, and sometimes described as a peak forest plain. The best-known fenglin is the ] around Yangshuo. These towers consist of strong and massive limestone forming near vertical sides with base diameters less than 1.5 times their height. The heights of the towers range from 30 to 80 m in the central basin but can be as high as 300 m near the Fengcong. Fenglin evolves from Fengcong by slow and continuous ], associated with the ], and even slower erosion of the towers.<ref name=Tony/>


Famous ]s in the Guilin area include ] and ].<ref name=Tony/> Famous show caves in the ] include the ] and the ].<ref name=Tony/>

==Notable Features==


==Notable features==
]
#]: a ] ] with a large number of ], ], stalacto-stalagmites, rocky curtains, and cave corals. #]: a ] ] with a large number of ], ], stalacto-stalagmites, rocky curtains, and cave corals.
#Seven-Star Park: the largest park in Guilin. #Seven-Star Park: the largest park in Guilin.
#Mountain of Splendid Hues: a mountain consisting of many layers of variously colored rocks. #Mountain of Splendid Hues: a mountain consisting of many layers of variously colored rocks.
#]: a hill that looks like a giant elephant drinking water with its trunk. It is symbol of the city of Guilin. #]: a hill that looks like a giant elephant drinking water with its trunk. It is a symbol of the city of Guilin.
#]: dug in 214 BC, is one of the three big water conservation projects of ancient China and the oldest existing canal in the world. #]: dug in 214 BC, is one of ancient China's three big water conservation projects and the oldest existing canal in the world.
#Other attractions include: Duxiu Peak, Nanxi Park, the Taohua River, the Giant Banyan, and the Huashan-Lijiang National Folklore Park. #Other attractions include Duxiu Peak, Nanxi Park, the Taohua River, the Giant Banyan, and the Huashan-Lijiang National Folklore Park.


The imagery of the Li River is featured on the fifth series of the 20 ] note. The imagery of the Li River is featured in the fifth series of the 20 ] note.


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery> <gallery>
File:87496-Li-River.jpg
Image:Elephant_Trunk_Hill.jpg|] on Li River, the symbol of ]
File:Guilin (48278561562).jpg
<!-- Deleted image removed: Image:ChinaTrip2005-238.jpg|20 Yuan note and its inspiration -->
Image:Image at the Lijiang River.jpg| Image:Image at the Lijiang River.jpg|
Image:LijiangRiver12.jpg|
Image:Image at the Lijiang River 2.jpg|
Image:Rio li Guilin.jpg| Image:Rio li Guilin.jpg|
File:87303-Li-River.jpg
Image:LijiangRiver.jpg|
Image:87400-Li-River.jpg
Image:Flickr - archer10 (Dennis) - China-7696.jpg|Li River near ] in ]
Image:XingPing, GuangXi, China.jpg|This is the view from the banks of the Li River, as pictured on the 20 Yuan note. Just on the outskirts of ].
Image:Li river.JPG|
Image:XingPing, GuangXi, China.jpg|This is the view from the banks of the Li River, as pictured on the 20 Yuan note. Just on the outskirts of XingPing Town. Image:Li River.jpg|Locals playing in the ] section of the Li River in Guanxi Province, China.
Image:Lijiang.jpg
File:Li River.jpg|Locals playing in the ] section of the Li River in Guanxi Province, China.
Image:Lijiang river fishing.jpg
Image:Li-Flussfahrt-260-Flotte-Spiegelung-2012-gje.jpg
Image:Li-Flussfahrt-246-Huegel-2012-gje.jpg
Image:YangshuoFromTvTower.jpg|The town of Yangshuo
</gallery> </gallery>

{{Panorama
|image=File:Panorama of guilin.jpg
|height=170 <!-- Height of image. In pixels, no units. Use Template:Wide_image to set the width instead -->
|width=<!-- Limit the width of the Frame enclosing the image. Include units e.g. 9px or 9%. Default is based on width of web browser -->
|alt=<!-- Alternate text for visually impaired readers. -->
|caption=]
|dir=<!-- Can be: ltr (default) or rtl. Should scroll bar start at the very left (ltr = left-to-right) or very right (rtl)? -->
|align=center<!-- Frame alignment. Can be: left (default), right, center, or none. -->
}}


==See also== ==See also==
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==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


* {{OSM relation|286445}} * {{OSM relation|286445}}
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{{Guangxi topics}} {{Guangxi topics}}
{{China Rivers}} {{China Rivers}}
{{Authority control}}


{{coord|24.6301|N|110.64|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} {{Coord|24.6301|N|110.64|E|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 03:26, 19 September 2024

For other uses, see Li River (disambiguation). River in Guangxi, China
Li River
漓江
Location
CountryChina
SubdivisionGuangxi
Physical characteristics
SourceMao'ershan
 • locationXing'an County, Guangxi, China
 • coordinates25°53′N 110°28′E / 25.88°N 110.47°E / 25.88; 110.47
MouthGui River
 • locationPingle County, Guangxi, China
 • coordinates24°38′N 110°37′E / 24.64°N 110.61°E / 24.64; 110.61
Length164 km (102 mi)
Discharge 
 • locationGuilin
 • average215 m/s (7,600 cu ft/s)
Li River
"Li River" in Simplified Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese灕江
Simplified Chinese漓江
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLí Jiāng
IPA

The Li River or Li Jiang (Chinese: 漓江; pinyin: Lí Jiāng) is the name for the upper reaches of the Gui River in northeastern Guangxi, China. It is part of the Xijiang River system in the Pearl River basin, flowing 164 kilometres (102 mi) from Xing'an County to Pingle County.

Background

The Li River originates in the Mao'er Mountains in Xing'an County and flows in the general southern direction through Guilin, Yangshuo and Pingle. In Pingle, the Li merges with the Lipu and Gongcheng, becoming the Gui, and in turn falls into the Xijiang, the western tributary of the Pearl River.

Tourist rafting boats cruise from Yangshuo County, on the Li River

The upper course of the Li River is connected by an ancient Lingqu canal with the Xiang River, which flows north into the Yangtze; this in the past made the Li and Gui Rivers part of a highly important waterway connecting the Yangtze valley with the Pearl delta.

The 439-kilometre (273 mi) course of the Li and Gui Rivers is flanked by green hills. Cormorant fishing is often associated with the Lijiang.

Cruises on the Li are famous, attracting millions of visitors per year.

Geology

Upper reaches of the Li River

The Li and its tributaries drain the area from Guilin to Yangshuo, descending from 141-metre (463 ft) at Guilin to 103-metre (338 ft) at Yangshuo. Mean flow past Guilin is 215 cubic meters per second, and alluvium sediments consisting of well-sorted gravels covered by silty sand, forming floodplains and terraces along its route. Yet, it is the 2,600-metre (8,500 ft) of Devonian and Carboniferous limestones and karst terrain within the Guilin basin, that gives the area a dramatic landscape. Two distinctive types of karst are found, Fengcong, and Fenglin, which have evolved for the past 10-20 million years, within the Cenozoic.

Fog on the Li River

Fengcong karst dominates the course of the Li River and is defined as a group of limestone hills with a common limestone base, with deep depressions (or dolines) between the peaks, and sometimes described as peak cluster depression karst. Hundreds of caves are present in this terrain, with 23 having passages longer than -1 km alongside the Li River gorge. The longest is the Guanyan Cave System which extends from Caoping to Nanxu.

Fenglin dominates the area around Yangshuo and south of Guilin and is defined as isolated limestone hills separated by a flat limestone surface generally covered by loose sediments, and sometimes described as a peak forest plain. The best-known fenglin is the tower karst around Yangshuo. These towers consist of strong and massive limestone forming near vertical sides with base diameters less than 1.5 times their height. The heights of the towers range from 30 to 80 m in the central basin but can be as high as 300 m near the Fengcong. Fenglin evolves from Fengcong by slow and continuous tectonic uplift, associated with the Himalayan orogenic zone, and even slower erosion of the towers.

Famous show caves in the Guilin area include the Qixing Dong and the Luti Dong.

Notable features

Fishing boat on the Li River
  1. Reed Flute Cave: a limestone cave with a large number of stalactites, stalagmites, stalacto-stalagmites, rocky curtains, and cave corals.
  2. Seven-Star Park: the largest park in Guilin.
  3. Mountain of Splendid Hues: a mountain consisting of many layers of variously colored rocks.
  4. Elephant-Trunk Hill: a hill that looks like a giant elephant drinking water with its trunk. It is a symbol of the city of Guilin.
  5. Lingqu Canal: dug in 214 BC, is one of ancient China's three big water conservation projects and the oldest existing canal in the world.
  6. Other attractions include Duxiu Peak, Nanxi Park, the Taohua River, the Giant Banyan, and the Huashan-Lijiang National Folklore Park.

The imagery of the Li River is featured in the fifth series of the 20 yuan note.

Gallery

  • This is the view from the banks of the Li River, as pictured on the 20 Yuan note. Just on the outskirts of Xingping Town. This is the view from the banks of the Li River, as pictured on the 20 Yuan note. Just on the outskirts of Xingping Town.
  • Locals playing in the Guilin section of the Li River in Guanxi Province, China. Locals playing in the Guilin section of the Li River in Guanxi Province, China.
  • The town of Yangshuo The town of Yangshuo
Guilin

See also

References

  1. ^ Waltham, Tony (2010). Migon, Piotr (ed.). Guangxi Karst: The Fenglin and Fengcong Karst of Guilin and Yangshuo, in Geomorphological Landscapes of the World. Springer. pp. 293–302. ISBN 9789048130542.
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