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Latest revision as of 19:34, 8 October 2024 edit undoPARAKANYAA (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers44,368 edits Redirecting to Hitoshi Imamura#Trial for war crimes and punishment (♑)Tag: Redirect target changed |
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#REDIRECT ] |
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{{Short description|Japanese war crime during World War II}} |
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{{refimprove|date=December 2021}} |
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{{Time-context|section|No year is given in the text|date=May 2023}} |
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{{Redirect category shell| |
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The '''Pig-basket atrocity''' was a ] witnessed by ] during ] in which English and Dutch prisoners of war were carried in bamboo baskets by ] soldiers in ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Van Kempen |first=Elizabeth |date=January 1, 2009 |title=Memories of the Dutch East Indies: From Plantation Society to Prisoner of Japan |url=https://apjjf.org/-Elizabeth-Van-Kampen/3002/article.pdf |journal=The Asia-Pacific Journal |volume=7 |issue=1 |via=APJJF}}</ref>{{better source|reason=Questionable/Non-academic with possible conflict of interest (autobiographical, see WP:SOCIALMEDIA)|date=October 2024}} |
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== Detail == |
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At the time of the witnessed event, the ] had surrendered ] to the Japanese. Approximately 200 Allied soldiers remained around ] to form resistance groups.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Massacres and Atrocities of WWII in the Pacific Region |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/massacres_pacific.html |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref>{{better source|reason=Self-published|date=October 2024}} |
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Elizabeth Van Kempen was raised on a rubber and coffee plantation in the Dutch East Indies (of which her father was the manager). Although the use of the local language was enforced to dissuade collaboration with resistance groups, their lives were mostly uninterrupted by Japanese occupation until her father was interned in February of 1942, after which they were separated until his death. The rest of the family was later interned in 1943 until after the war (in part) to protect them from ] who were unhappy with Dutch rule over Indonesia.<ref name=":1" />{{better source|reason=Questionable/Non-academic with possible conflict of interest (autobiographical, see WP:SOCIALMEDIA)|date=October 2024}} |
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The event was witnessed by Elizabeth and her father in October 1942 as they "walked back home for lunch" when they observed 5 trucks filled with a few hundred soldiers driven to a rail siding and loaded onto rail wagons.<ref name=":1" />{{better source|reason=Questionable/Non-academic with possible conflict of interest (autobiographical, see WP:SOCIALMEDIA)|date=October 2024}}<ref name=":2" />{{better source|reason=Self-published|date=October 2024}} Elizabeth observed that the soldiers were carried in bamboo baskets.<ref name=":1" />{{better source|reason=Questionable/Non-academic with possible conflict of interest (autobiographical, see WP:SOCIALMEDIA)|date=October 2024}} |
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== Trials == |
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The commander in chief of the Japanese forces in Java at the time was lieutenant-general ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Biography of General Hitoshi Imamura - (今村 均) - (いまむら ひとし) (1886 – 1968), Japan|url=https://generals.dk/general/Imamura/Hitoshi/Japan.html|access-date=2021-12-28|website=generals.dk}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=AWM54 1010/4/156 - Statements by General Imamura Hitoshi proving his Command Area of responsibility of such, together with certifying statements and five maps showing the area of his (Imamura's) Command 1946|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C2653124?image=27|access-date=2021-12-28|website=www.awm.gov.au|language=en}}</ref> Although he was acquitted by a Dutch military court due to a lack of evidence,<ref name=":2" /> a subsequent trial in 1946 by an Australian military court convicted Imamura to have "failed to discharge his duty as a Commander to control the members of his command, whereby they committed brutal atrocities."<ref>CASE NO. 21 TRIAL OF GENERAL TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA</ref>{{better source|reason=Court records for Imamura's case are not made publicly accessible. The only record I can access is this case, which references Imamura's case, as well as CASE NO. 60 TRIAL OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL BABA MASAO which was done concurrently (I think?).|date=October 2024}} Imamura was sentenced to 10 years of imprisonment which was served at ] prison, where he stayed until his release in 1954.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |
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He considered that his imprisonment was too light with respect to his responsibility for the crimes of his subordinates, so he had a replica of the prison built in his garden where he stayed until his death in 1968.<ref>{{cite book | title=Revolusi | publisher=De Bezige Bij | author=Van Reybrouck, David | year=2020 | location=Amsterdam | pages=212 | isbn=978-94-03-18440 1}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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