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The '''Barcid family''' was a leading family in the ancient city of ] and many of its members were fierce enemies of the ]. {{short description|Notable family in the ancient city of Carthage}}


] (245-207 BC), younger brother of ] (247-c.182 BC)]]
:The Barcids were acording to the ancient legends, descendands from ] the semi-legendary founder of the city of ]. According to the same legends, as her trojan lover ] abandoned her, she killed herself, cursing him and his descendands (the Romans).
] possibly depicting ] as ] (i.e. ])]]
The '''Barcid''' ({{langx|xpu|𐤁𐤓𐤒|baraq}}) family was a notable Punic (]) family in the ancient city of ]; many of its members were fierce enemies of the ]. "Barcid" is an adjectival form coined by historians (''cf.'' "]" and "]"); the actual byname was the Northwest Semitic '''Barca''' or '''Barcas''', which means ''lightning'' (He ברק). See {{lang|ar|برق}}, ''barq'' in ], ''berqa'' in ], ] (aka Assyrian, Babylonian, ''Barku'') and ] ] (''Barkho'').


==Background==
:Mordern historians hope to find enough artifacts or rediscover ancient texts to correctly verify that claim, or the more likely humble origin of this family. Unfortunably, with the nearly complete destruction of Carthage by the ] of the Roman Republic at the end of the ], the chances are slim that the origins of this most important family will ever be satisfactorly resolved.
⚫ During the 3rd century BC, the Barcids comprised one of the leading Phoenician families in the ruling ] of Carthage. Realizing that the expansion of the Roman Republic into the ] threatened the mercantile power of Carthage, they fought in the ] (264–241 BC) and prepared themselves for the ] (218–201 BC).


The Barcids founded several Carthaginian cities in the ] (modern ] and ]), some of which still exist today. Note for example ] and ] (more famous under the ] translation of its name: "Carthago Nova" or New Carthage) which currently bears the name of ] in modern-day Spain. The name is also commonly given as an etymology for the ] city of ].
⚫ :The Barcids were one of the leading families in the ruling ] of Carthage. They seem to have realized that the expansion of the Roman Republic into the ] threatened the mercantile power of Carthage. Accordingly, they fought in the ] and prepared themselves for the ].


==Family members==
:The Barcids were the founders of several cities in the Iberian peninsula and some of them still exist to this day. Their names are their most visible legacy: ], ] who bears the current name of ].
⚫ The known members of this family included the following.


⚫ The patriarch, ''']''' (275–228 BC), served as a Carthaginian general in the ] (264–241 BC) and in the subsequent ] (240–238 BC). Reputedly, he made his eldest son Hannibal swear a sacred oath upon an altar of the gods "to never be a friend of Rome". After the Roman victory, he expanded the colonial possessions in ] (modern ] and ]), where he drowned crossing a river.
⚫ The most famous members of this family were:
⚫ *] (-]) was a carthaginian militar commander in the ]. Reputably, he made his eldest son swear a sacred oath upon a altar of the gods "to never be a friend of Rome" (in other words: to always be a enemy of Rome). After the roman victory he expanded the colonial possesions in Spain, where he drowned crossing a river.


Hamilcar Barca and his wife (name unknown) had six children. Their three sons each became famous military leaders in their own right. Their three daughters married Barcid family allies.


* His eldest daughter (name unknown) married ], and became the mother of ].
⚫ *his son-in-law ] (-]), who followed the latter in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent career of conquest in Hispania. After Hamilcar's death (228 BC), Hasdrubal, who succeeded him in the command, extended the newly acquired empire by skillfull diplomacy, and consolidated it by the foundation of Carthago Nova as the capital of the new province. By a treaty with Rome he fixed the ] as the boundary between the two powers. He was killed by a Celtic assassin.
* His 2nd-eldest daughter (name unknown), married Hasdrubal the Fair.
⚫ **''']''' (c. 270–221 BC), Hamilcar's son-in-law, followed Hamilcar in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent career of conquest in Hispania. After Hamilcar's death (228 BC), Hasdrubal succeeded him in the command and extended the newly acquired empire by skillful diplomacy. He consolidated it with the foundation of ], establishing it as the capital of the new province in Hispania. By a treaty with Rome, he fixed the ] as the boundary between the two powers. He was killed by a Celtic assassin.
* His youngest daughter (name unknown) married ], a ] chieftain. Her supposed name ] is in fact<ref>Hannibal by Serge Lancel, p.9 {{ISBN|978-0-631-21848-7}}</ref> the title of a book written by ].
* ''']''' (247–182 BC) oldest son of Hamilcar Barca, one of the best and most famous generals of classical antiquity, and arguably the greatest enemy of the ]. He won the famous ] (216 BC) but lost the crucial ] (202 BC). Hannibal achieved popular fame for his crossing of the Alps with 60,000 soldiers and 38 elephants.
* ''']''' (245–207 BC), the second son of Hamilcar Barca, defended the Carthaginian cities in Hispania as Hannibal departed to Italy in 218 BC. While leading reinforcements for his brother Hannibal in 207 BC, he was defeated and killed in the decisive ].
⚫ * ''']''' (also spelled '''Magon''') (243–203 BC), the third son of Hamilcar Barca, was present at most of the battles of his famous brother and played a key role in many of them, often commanding the forces that made the "decisive push".


==See also==


*]
*] (247-]) (the ending of his name "-bal" means "grace of Baal") one of the most famous generals in history, and arguably the greatest enemy of the ]. His most famous victory, the ] is most likely, the best-known and most studied battle of antiquity. It was written that he taught the Romans, who claimed to be fierce descendands of ] the meaning of ]. Roman mothers are said to terrify their sons with: Hannibal ad portas! - Hannibal is at the gates!


⚫ == References ==
{{Reflist}}


* Matyszak, Philip, ''The Enemies of Rome'', Thames & Hudson, {{ISBN|0-500-25124-X}}
*], (-]) second son of Hamilcar Barca, and younger brother of Hannibal. He defended the Carthaginian cities in Spain as Hannibal departed to Italy in ]. During six years against the brothers Gnaeus and Publius Cornelius Scipio with reasonable success. A defeat in ] prevented him from joining Hannibal but in ] he completely routed his opponents, both the Scipios being killed.
:He was subsequently outgeneralled by ], who in ] captured Carthago Nova and gained other advantages. Leading reinforcements for his brother Hannibal, he eluded Scipio by crossing the Pyrenees at their western extremity, and making his way through Gaul and the Alps in safety, penetrated far into Central Italy where he was confronted by two Roman armies. Being forced to give battle, he was defeated in the decisive ], where he also lost his live. His head was cut off and thrown into Hannibal's camp, who seems to have uttered: "Now indeed, I can clearly see the fate of Carthage."


{{Authority control}}
⚫ *] (also spelled Magon) (243 - ]) another younger brother, was present at most of the battles of his famous brother, and played a ] in many of them, commanding the forces that made the "decisive push".

:Mago fought with Hannibal in the early Italian campaigns. Soon afterwards, along with Hamilcar, another brother, Mago moved on to command the Carthaginian forces in Hispania. Defeat was suffered at ] in 206 BC, however, and he soon retreated to ].

:He then led a campaign to invade Italy (this time by sea) in ] with 15,000 men. They sailed from Minorca to Liguria. He managed to capture ], and held control of Northern Italy for three years.
:Wounded in a battle in ], he was recalled back to Carthage along with Hannibal to aid in its defence. Before arriving, however, he died at sea.

⚫ == References ==


]
*"The enemies of Rome" by ] published by Thames & Hudson ISBN 0-500-25124-X
]
*http://www.barca.fsnet.co.uk/ a site dedicated to Hannibal

Latest revision as of 22:39, 12 October 2024

Notable family in the ancient city of Carthage
Carthaginian coin depicting Hasdrubal Barca (245-207 BC), younger brother of Hannibal Barca (247-c.182 BC)
A Carthaginian coin possibly depicting Hannibal as Hercules (i.e. Heracles)

The Barcid (Punic: 𐤁𐤓𐤒, romanized: baraq) family was a notable Punic (Phoenician) family in the ancient city of Carthage; many of its members were fierce enemies of the Roman Republic. "Barcid" is an adjectival form coined by historians (cf. "Ramesside" and "Abbasid"); the actual byname was the Northwest Semitic Barca or Barcas, which means lightning (He ברק). See برق, barq in Arabic, berqa in Maltese, Akkadian (aka Assyrian, Babylonian, Barku) and Neo-Assyrian Syriac (Barkho).

Background

During the 3rd century BC, the Barcids comprised one of the leading Phoenician families in the ruling oligarchy of Carthage. Realizing that the expansion of the Roman Republic into the Mediterranean Sea threatened the mercantile power of Carthage, they fought in the First Punic War (264–241 BC) and prepared themselves for the Second Punic War (218–201 BC).

The Barcids founded several Carthaginian cities in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal), some of which still exist today. Note for example Mahón and Qart Hadast (more famous under the Latin translation of its name: "Carthago Nova" or New Carthage) which currently bears the name of Cartagena in modern-day Spain. The name is also commonly given as an etymology for the Catalan city of Barcelona.

Family members

The known members of this family included the following.

The patriarch, Hamilcar Barca (275–228 BC), served as a Carthaginian general in the First Punic War (264–241 BC) and in the subsequent Mercenary War (240–238 BC). Reputedly, he made his eldest son Hannibal swear a sacred oath upon an altar of the gods "to never be a friend of Rome". After the Roman victory, he expanded the colonial possessions in Hispania (modern Spain and Portugal), where he drowned crossing a river.

Hamilcar Barca and his wife (name unknown) had six children. Their three sons each became famous military leaders in their own right. Their three daughters married Barcid family allies.

  • His eldest daughter (name unknown) married Bomilcar, and became the mother of Hanno.
  • His 2nd-eldest daughter (name unknown), married Hasdrubal the Fair.
    • Hasdrubal the Fair (c. 270–221 BC), Hamilcar's son-in-law, followed Hamilcar in his campaign against the governing aristocracy at Carthage at the close of the First Punic War, and in his subsequent career of conquest in Hispania. After Hamilcar's death (228 BC), Hasdrubal succeeded him in the command and extended the newly acquired empire by skillful diplomacy. He consolidated it with the foundation of Carthago Nova, establishing it as the capital of the new province in Hispania. By a treaty with Rome, he fixed the Ebro as the boundary between the two powers. He was killed by a Celtic assassin.
  • His youngest daughter (name unknown) married Naravas, a Numidian chieftain. Her supposed name Salammbo is in fact the title of a book written by Gustave Flaubert.
  • Hannibal (247–182 BC) oldest son of Hamilcar Barca, one of the best and most famous generals of classical antiquity, and arguably the greatest enemy of the Roman Republic. He won the famous Battle of Cannae (216 BC) but lost the crucial Battle of Zama (202 BC). Hannibal achieved popular fame for his crossing of the Alps with 60,000 soldiers and 38 elephants.
  • Hasdrubal (245–207 BC), the second son of Hamilcar Barca, defended the Carthaginian cities in Hispania as Hannibal departed to Italy in 218 BC. While leading reinforcements for his brother Hannibal in 207 BC, he was defeated and killed in the decisive Battle of the Metaurus.
  • Mago (also spelled Magon) (243–203 BC), the third son of Hamilcar Barca, was present at most of the battles of his famous brother and played a key role in many of them, often commanding the forces that made the "decisive push".

See also

References

  1. Hannibal by Serge Lancel, p.9 ISBN 978-0-631-21848-7
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