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{{short description|Italian painter}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}

{{Infobox artist {{Infobox artist
| name = Carlo Levi | name = Carlo Levi
| Born = | Born =
| image = Carlolevi.jpg | image = Carlolevi.jpg
| imagesize = | imagesize =
| caption = Carlo Levi in 1947<br>(portrait by ]) | caption = Carlo Levi in 1947<br>(portrait by ])
| birth_name = | birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1902|11|29|mf=y}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1902|11|29|df=y}}
| birth_place = ], Italy | birth_place = ], Italy
| death_date = {{death date and age|1975|1|4|1902|11|29|mf=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1975|1|4|1902|11|29|df=y}}
| death_place = Rome, Italy | death_place = Rome, Italy
⚫ | field = Painting, Literature, Medicine
| nationality = Italian
⚫ | training = Self taught, ] (MD)
⚫ | field = Painting, Literature, Medicine
⚫ | movement = ]
⚫ | training = Self taught, ] (MD)
⚫ | works = ''] (Christ Stopped at Eboli)'' (1945)
⚫ | movement = ]
⚫ | patrons = ]
⚫ | works = ''] Christ Stopped at Eboli)'' (1945)
⚫ | awards = Senator of the Italian Republic
⚫ | patrons = ]
⚫ | awards = Senator of the Italian Republic
}} }}


'''Carlo Levi''' ({{IPA-it|ˈkarlo ˈlɛːvi}}) (November 29, 1902 – January 4, 1975) was an Italian painter, writer, activist, ], and doctor. '''Carlo Levi''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkarlo ˈlɛːvi}}) (29 November 1902 – 4 January 1975) was an Italian painter, writer, activist, ] politician, and doctor.


He is best known for his book '']'' (''Christ Stopped at Eboli''), published in 1945, a memoir of his time spent in exile in ], Italy, after being arrested in connection with his political activism. In 1979, the book became the basis of a ], directed by ]. Lucania, also called ], was historically one of the poorest and most backward regions of the impoverished Italian south. Levi's lucid, non-ideological and sympathetic description of the daily hardships experienced by the local peasants helped to propel the "Problem of the South" into national discourse after the end of ]. He is best known for his book '']'' (''Christ Stopped at Eboli''), published in 1945, a memoir of his time spent in exile in ], Italy, after being arrested in connection with his political activism. In 1979, the book became the basis of a ], directed by ]. Lucania, also called ], was historically one of the poorest regions of the impoverished Italian south. Levi's lucid, non-ideological and sympathetic description of the daily hardships experienced by the local peasants helped to propel the "Problem of the South" into national discourse after the end of ].


==Early life== ==Early life==


Levi was born in ], ], to wealthy Jewish physician Ercole Levi and Annetta Treves, the sister of ], an important ] leader in Italy. Levi graduated from high school (''Liceo Alfieri'') in 1917. Upon graduation, Levi attended the ], where he studied medicine and, in 1924, graduated with high marks. While at university, Levi had become friends with ] who sparked Levi's interests in political activism that would continue throughout his life. Soon after graduation from the University of Turin, Levi exhibited some of his works at the XIV ].<ref>Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 157</ref> Levi was born in ], ], to wealthy Jewish physician Ercole Levi and Annetta Treves, the sister of ], a ] leader in Italy. He graduated from high school (''Liceo Alfieri'') in 1917, and then attended the ], where he studied medicine and graduated in 1924 with high marks. While at university, Levi had become friends with ] who sparked his interest in political activism that would continue throughout his life. Soon after graduation from the University of Turin, Levi exhibited some of his works at the XIV ].<ref>Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. (''tr. "Fugitive Rome: a city and its environs. Wise men."'') Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 157</ref>


Levi never completely abandoned his medical studies and served as assistant to Prof. Micheli at the University of Turin's Clinic from 1924 to 1928, working on research involving hepatopathy and diseases of ] tract. From 1924 to 1928, Levi continued his specialization studies in ] with Professor Bourguignon among others, although by 1927 Levi had decided to dedicate his life to painting. Levi's early time in Paris, as a painter and as a student of medicine, brought him into contact with many notable personalities of the 20th century, including ], ], ], ], and others. Levi lived almost exclusively in Paris from 1932 to 1934 and even attended the funeral in 1933 of his uncle (his mother's brother), Claudio Treves.<ref>Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 158–159</ref> Levi never completely abandoned his medical studies and served as assistant to Professor Micheli at the University of Turin's Clinic from 1924 to 1928, working on research involving hepatopathy and diseases of ] tract. During the same period, Levi continued his specialization studies in ] with Professor Bourguignon among others, although by 1927 he had decided to dedicate his life to painting. Levi's early time in Paris, as a painter and as a student of medicine, brought him into contact with many notable personalities of the 20th century, including ], ], ], ], and others. He lived almost exclusively in Paris from 1932 to 1934 and, while there, attended the funeral in 1933 of his uncle (his mother's brother), Claudio Treves.<ref>Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 158–159</ref>


==Political activism and exile== ==Political activism and exile==
] (Fondo Paolo Monti, ]).]] ] (Fondo Paolo Monti, ]).]]


In 1929, along with Carlo and Nello Rosselli he founded an ] movement called ], becoming a leader of the Italian branch along with ], a Russian Jew from ] who had emigrated with his parents to Italy. He also joined with ] in the famous "]" ("Group of six"), all painters in Turin, including ], ], ] and ]. In 1929, along with Carlo and Nello Rosselli he founded an ] movement called ], becoming a leader of the Italian branch along with ], a Russian Jew from ] who had emigrated with his parents to Italy. He also joined with ] in the "]" ("Group of six"), all painters in Turin, including ], ], ] and ].


As a result of his activism and involvement with anti-fascist movements, Levi was arrested and exiled to ] (Gagliano in the book), a town in a remote area of Italy called ] (now ]) from 1935 to 1936. There he encountered a poverty almost unknown in prosperous northern Italy. While there, Levi worked on the side as one of the doctors for the villagers, although he had never practiced medicine after graduating from medical school. During his exile he spent much of his time painting. As a result of his activism and involvement with anti-fascist movements, Levi was arrested and exiled to ] (Gagliano in ''Cristo si è fermato a Eboli'') and Grassano, two towns in a remote area of Italy called ] (now ]) from 1935 to 1936. There he encountered a poverty almost unknown in prosperous northern Italy. While there, Levi worked on the side as one of the doctors for the villagers, although he had never practised medicine after graduating from medical school. During his exile he spent much of his time painting.


After his release, he moved to France and lived there from 1939 to 1941. In 1941, he returned to Italy, and was later arrested in ] and imprisoned in the Murate prison. He was released following ]'s arrest and sought refuge across the street from the ], where he wrote his '']''. After his release, he moved to France and lived there from 1939 to 1941. In 1941, he returned to Italy, and was later arrested again in ] and imprisoned in the Murate prison. He was released following ]'s arrest and sought refuge across the street from the ], where he wrote ''Cristo si è fermato a Eboli''. The square there has been named after him.
], ]]] ], ]]]


After ], he moved to Rome and from 1945 to 1946 he served as the editor of '']'', the publication of the Partito d'Azione, an anti-fascist organization that grew out of the republican tradition.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Gaetana Marrone|author2=Paolo Puppa|title=Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d9NcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1037|accessdate=11 January 2015|date=26 December 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45530-9|page=1037}}</ref> He continued to write and paint, exhibiting in Europe and the United States. His written works include ''L'Orologio'' (''The Watch'') (1950), ''Le parole sono pietre'' (''Words Are Stones'') (1955), and ''Il Futuro ha un Cuore Antico'' (''The Future has an Ancient Heart'') (1956). In 1963, he was elected to the Senate as an independent on the ] ticket; he was re-elected to the Senate in 1968 and served there until 1972. He died of ] in Rome on 4 January 1975. He is buried in ]. The 'Persiana' Gallery in ] exhibited his last work, ''Apollo and Daphne'', executed on a goatskin drum the day before he was admitted to hospital. After ], he moved to Rome and from 1945 to 1946 he served as the editor of '']'', the publication of the Partito d'Azione, an anti-fascist organization that grew out of the republican tradition.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Gaetana Marrone|author2=Paolo Puppa|title=Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d9NcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1037|access-date=11 January 2015|date=26 December 2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-45530-9|page=1037}}</ref> He continued to write and paint, exhibiting in Europe and the United States. His written works include ''L'Orologio'' (''The Watch'') (1950), ''Le parole sono pietre'' (''Words Are Stones'') (1955), and ''Il Futuro ha un Cuore Antico'' (''The Future has an Ancient Heart'') (1956). In 1963, he was elected to the Senate as an independent on the ] ticket; he was re-elected to the Senate in 1968 and served there until 1972. He died of ] in Rome on 4 January 1975. He is buried in ]. The 'Persiana' Gallery in ] exhibited his last work, ''Apollo and Daphne'', executed on a goatskin drum the day before he was admitted to hospital.


== Works == == Works ==
].]] ]]]
Below is a list of important works written by Carlo Levi. Publisher (where appropriate) and date of publication follow each work:<ref>Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 157–164</ref> Below is a list of Carlo Levi's main works. Publisher (where appropriate) and date of publication follow each work:<ref>Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 157–164</ref>


* ''Paura della pittura'' (1942) * ''Paura della pittura'' (1942)
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* ''Carlo Levi inedito: con 40 disegni della cecità'', Donato Sperduto (ed.), Edizioni Spes, Milazzo, 2002. * ''Carlo Levi inedito: con 40 disegni della cecità'', Donato Sperduto (ed.), Edizioni Spes, Milazzo, 2002.


Levi also wrote numerous prefaces and introductions for many authors throughout his lifetime. There have also been collections of Levi's works published after his death, notably essays, miscellaneous writings and poetry. Levi also wrote numerous prefaces and introductions for many authors throughout his lifetime. There have also been collections of Levi's works published after his death, notably essays, miscellaneous writings, and poetry.


== Essays == == Essays ==
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* ''Oltre il buio. Scritti per Carlo Levi'', a cura di P. L. Berto, Ensemble, Roma, 2013. * ''Oltre il buio. Scritti per Carlo Levi'', a cura di P. L. Berto, Ensemble, Roma, 2013.


==Gallery==
⚫ {{commonscat|Carlo Levi}}

<gallery>
File:Matera Palazzo Lanfranchi Sala Carlo Levi.jpg|Levi's monumental painting ''Lucania 61'' (1961), in ] (]), ]
File:Lucania_61_di_Carlo_Levi_3.JPG|''Lucania 61'', detail
File:Lucania 61 di Carlo Levi 2.JPG|''Lucania 61'', detail
File:Lucania 61 di Carlo Levi 4.JPG|''Lucania 61'', detail
File:Lucania 61 di Carlo Levi 1.JPG|''Lucania 61'', detail
</gallery>


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}
==External links==

⚫ *{{commonscat-inline}}
{{Viareggio Prize}} {{Viareggio Prize}}


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Latest revision as of 13:24, 20 October 2024

Italian painter
Carlo Levi
Carlo Levi in 1947
(portrait by Carl Van Vechten)
Born(1902-11-29)29 November 1902
Turin, Italy
Died4 January 1975(1975-01-04) (aged 72)
Rome, Italy
EducationSelf taught, University of Turin (MD)
Known forPainting, Literature, Medicine
Notable workCristo si è fermato ad Eboli (Christ Stopped at Eboli) (1945)
MovementContemporary
AwardsSenator of the Italian Republic
Patron(s)Felice Casorati

Carlo Levi (Italian pronunciation: [ˈkarlo ˈlɛːvi]) (29 November 1902 – 4 January 1975) was an Italian painter, writer, activist, independent leftist politician, and doctor.

He is best known for his book Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (Christ Stopped at Eboli), published in 1945, a memoir of his time spent in exile in Lucania, Italy, after being arrested in connection with his political activism. In 1979, the book became the basis of a movie of the same name, directed by Francesco Rosi. Lucania, also called Basilicata, was historically one of the poorest regions of the impoverished Italian south. Levi's lucid, non-ideological and sympathetic description of the daily hardships experienced by the local peasants helped to propel the "Problem of the South" into national discourse after the end of World War II.

Early life

Levi was born in Turin, Piedmont, to wealthy Jewish physician Ercole Levi and Annetta Treves, the sister of Claudio Treves, a socialist leader in Italy. He graduated from high school (Liceo Alfieri) in 1917, and then attended the University of Turin, where he studied medicine and graduated in 1924 with high marks. While at university, Levi had become friends with Piero Gobetti who sparked his interest in political activism that would continue throughout his life. Soon after graduation from the University of Turin, Levi exhibited some of his works at the XIV Venice Biennale.

Levi never completely abandoned his medical studies and served as assistant to Professor Micheli at the University of Turin's Clinic from 1924 to 1928, working on research involving hepatopathy and diseases of bile tract. During the same period, Levi continued his specialization studies in Paris with Professor Bourguignon among others, although by 1927 he had decided to dedicate his life to painting. Levi's early time in Paris, as a painter and as a student of medicine, brought him into contact with many notable personalities of the 20th century, including Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, Alberto Moravia, Giorgio de Chirico, and others. He lived almost exclusively in Paris from 1932 to 1934 and, while there, attended the funeral in 1933 of his uncle (his mother's brother), Claudio Treves.

Political activism and exile

Carlo Levi in 1955. Photo by Paolo Monti (Fondo Paolo Monti, BEIC).

In 1929, along with Carlo and Nello Rosselli he founded an anti-fascist movement called Giustizia e Libertà, becoming a leader of the Italian branch along with Leone Ginzburg, a Russian Jew from Odessa who had emigrated with his parents to Italy. He also joined with Francesco Menzio in the "Gruppo dei Sei" ("Group of six"), all painters in Turin, including Jessie Boswell, Gigi Chessa, Nicola Galante and Enrico Paulucci.

As a result of his activism and involvement with anti-fascist movements, Levi was arrested and exiled to Aliano (Gagliano in Cristo si è fermato a Eboli) and Grassano, two towns in a remote area of Italy called Lucania (now Basilicata) from 1935 to 1936. There he encountered a poverty almost unknown in prosperous northern Italy. While there, Levi worked on the side as one of the doctors for the villagers, although he had never practised medicine after graduating from medical school. During his exile he spent much of his time painting.

After his release, he moved to France and lived there from 1939 to 1941. In 1941, he returned to Italy, and was later arrested again in Florence and imprisoned in the Murate prison. He was released following Benito Mussolini's arrest and sought refuge across the street from the Pitti Palace, where he wrote Cristo si è fermato a Eboli. The square there has been named after him.

street name sign in Erice, Sicily

After World War II, he moved to Rome and from 1945 to 1946 he served as the editor of L'Italia Libera, the publication of the Partito d'Azione, an anti-fascist organization that grew out of the republican tradition. He continued to write and paint, exhibiting in Europe and the United States. His written works include L'Orologio (The Watch) (1950), Le parole sono pietre (Words Are Stones) (1955), and Il Futuro ha un Cuore Antico (The Future has an Ancient Heart) (1956). In 1963, he was elected to the Senate as an independent on the Communist Party ticket; he was re-elected to the Senate in 1968 and served there until 1972. He died of pneumonia in Rome on 4 January 1975. He is buried in Aliano. The 'Persiana' Gallery in Palermo exhibited his last work, Apollo and Daphne, executed on a goatskin drum the day before he was admitted to hospital.

Works

Tile autographed by Carlo Levi at Alassio

Below is a list of Carlo Levi's main works. Publisher (where appropriate) and date of publication follow each work:

  • Paura della pittura (1942)
  • Cristo si è fermato a Eboli (Einaudi, 1945)
  • Paura della libertà (1946)
  • L'orologio (Einaudi, 1950)
  • Le parole sono pietre (Einaudi, 1955)
  • II futuro ha un cuore antico (Einaudi, 1956; won the Premio Viareggio)
  • La doppia notte dei tigli (Einaudi, 1959)
  • Un volto che ci somiglia (Ritratto dell'Italia) (Einaudi, 1960)
  • Tutto il miele è finito (Einaudi, 1964)
  • Quaderno a cancelli (Einaudi, 1979; published posthumously)
  • Coraggio dei miti (Scrìtti contemporanei 1922–1974) (De Donato, 1975; published posthumously)
  • Carlo Levi inedito: con 40 disegni della cecità, Donato Sperduto (ed.), Edizioni Spes, Milazzo, 2002.

Levi also wrote numerous prefaces and introductions for many authors throughout his lifetime. There have also been collections of Levi's works published after his death, notably essays, miscellaneous writings, and poetry.

Essays

  • Levi, Carlo, Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002. (ISBN 978-8879896955)
  • Levi, Carlo, Fleeting Rome: In Search of the Dolce Vita. Essays. John Wiley & Sons, 2004. (ISBN 978-0-470-87183-6)
  • Levi, Carlo, Stanislao G. Pugliese, and Carlo Levi. Fear of Freedom: With the Essay, "Fear of Painting". New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. (ISBN 0-231-13996-9)
  • Carlo Levi inedito: con 40 disegni della cecità, Donato Sperduto (ed.), Edizioni Spes, Milazzo, 2002.
  • Sperduto, Donato, Armonie lontane, Aracne, Roma, 2013.
  • Ward, David, Carlo Levi, La Nuova Italia, Milano, 2002.
  • Arouimi, Michel, Magies de Levi, Schena-Lanore, Fasano-Parigi, 2006.
  • Dalia Abdullah, "Pittura e letteratura: Il bilinguismo di Carlo Levi", in "Riscontri. Rivista trimestrale di cultura e di attualità", XXXIV(2012),3-4,pp. 9–54.
  • Oltre il buio. Scritti per Carlo Levi, a cura di P. L. Berto, Ensemble, Roma, 2013.

Gallery

  • Levi's monumental painting Lucania 61 (1961), in Palazzo Lanfranchi (it), Matera Levi's monumental painting Lucania 61 (1961), in Palazzo Lanfranchi (it), Matera
  • Lucania 61, detail Lucania 61, detail
  • Lucania 61, detail Lucania 61, detail
  • Lucania 61, detail Lucania 61, detail
  • Lucania 61, detail Lucania 61, detail

References

  1. Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. (tr. "Fugitive Rome: a city and its environs. Wise men.") Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 157
  2. Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 158–159
  3. Gaetana Marrone; Paolo Puppa (26 December 2006). Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies. Routledge. p. 1037. ISBN 978-1-135-45530-9. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  4. Levi, Carlo, and Gigliola De Donato. Roma fuggitiva: una città e i suoi dintorni. Saggi. Roma: Donzelli, 2002: 157–164

External links

Recipients of the Viareggio Prize
1930s
1940sSilvio Micheli – Umberto Saba (1946) • Antonio Gramsci (1947) • Aldo Palazzeschi – Elsa Morante – Sibilla Aleramo (1948) • Arturo Carlo Jemolo – Renata Viganò (1949)
1950sFrancesco Jovine – Carlo Bernari (1950) • Domenico Rea (1951) • Tommaso Fiore (1952) • Carlo Emilio Gadda (1953) • Rocco Scotellaro (1954) • Vasco Pratolini (1955) • Carlo Levi – Gianna Manzini (1956) • Italo Calvino – Pier Paolo Pasolini (1957) • Ernesto de Martino (1958) • Marino Moretti (1959)
1960sGiovanni Battista Angioletti (1960) • Alberto Moravia (1961) • Giorgio Bassani (1962) • Antonio Delfini – Sergio Solmi (1963) • Giuseppe Berto (1964) • Goffredo Parise - Angelo Maria Ripellino (1965) • Ottiero Ottieri – Alfonso Gatto (1966) • Raffaello Brignetti (1967) • Libero Bigiaretti (1968) • Fulvio Tomizza (1969)
1970sNello Saito (1970) • Ugo Attardi (1971) • Romano Bilenchi (1972) • Achille Campanile (1973) • Clotilde Marghieri (1974) • Paolo Volponi (1975) • Mario Tobino – Dario Bellezza – Sergio Solmi (1976) • Davide Lajolo (1977) • Antonio Altomonte – Mario Luzi (1978) • Giorgio Manganelli (1979)
1980sStefano Terra (1980) • Enzo Siciliano (1981) • Primo Levi (1982) • Giuliana Morandini (1983) • Gina Lagorio – Bruno Gentili (1984) • Manlio Cancogni (1985) • Marisa Volpi (1986) • Mario Spinella (1987) • Rosetta Loy (1988) • Salvatore Mannuzzu (1989)
1990sLuisa Adorno – Cesare Viviani – Maurizio Calvesi (1990) • Antonio Debenedetti (1991) • Luigi Malerba (1992) • Alessandro Baricco (1993) • Antonio Tabucchi (1994) • Maurizio Maggiani – Elio Pagliarani (1995) • Ermanno Rea – Alda Merini (1996) • Claudio Piersanti – Franca Grisoni – Corrado Stajano (1997) • Giorgio Pressburger – Michele Sovente – Carlo Ginzburg (1998) • Ernesto Franco (1999)
2000sGiorgio van Straten – Sandro Veronesi (2000) • Niccolò Ammaniti – Michele Ranchetti – Giorgio Pestelli (2001) • Fleur Jaeggy – Jolanda Insana – Alfonso Berardinelli (2002) • Giuseppe Montesano (2003) • Edoardo Albinati – Andrea Tagliapietra – Livia Livi (2004) • Raffaele La Capria – Alberto Arbasino – Milo de Angelis (2005) • Gianni Celati – Giovanni Agosti – Giuseppe Conte – Roberto Saviano (2006) • Filippo Tuena – Paolo Mauri – Silvia Bre – Simona Baldanzi – Paolo Colagrande – Paolo Fallai (2007) • Francesca Sanvitale – Miguel Gotor – Eugenio De Signoribus (2008) • Edith Bruck – Adriano Prosperi – Ennio Cavalli (2009)
2010sNicola Lagioia – Michele Emmer – Pierluigi Cappello (2010) • Alessandro Mari – Mario Lavagetto – Gian Mario Villalta (2011) • Nicola Gardini – Franco Lo Piparo – Antonella Anedda (2012) • Paolo Di Stefano – Giulio Guidorizzi – Enrico Testa (2013) • Francesco Pecoraro – Alessandro Fo – Luciano Mecacci (2014) • Antonio Scurati – Massimo Bucciantini – Franco Buffoni (2015) • Franco Cordelli – Bruno Pischedda – Sonia Gentili (2016) • Gianfranco Calligarich – Giuseppe Montesano – Stefano Carrai (2017) • Fabio Genovesi – Giuseppe Lupo (2018) • Emanuele Trevi – Renato Minore – Saverio Ricci (2019)
2020sPaolo Di Paolo – Luciano Cecchinel – Giulio Ferroni (2020) • Edith Bruck - Flavio Santi - Walter Siti (2021) • Silvia Sciorilli Borrelli – Pietro Castellitto – Claudio Damiani – Wlodek Goldkorn – Agnese Pini – Veronica Raimo – Silvia Ronchey (2022)
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