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| {{Short description|Cabal of American criminals in mid 20th century}} | |||
| {{Infobox Criminal organization | {{Infobox Criminal organization | ||
| | name = National Crime Syndicate | | name = National Crime Syndicate | ||
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| | founded = 1929 | | founded = 1929 | ||
| | founding location = ], ], ] | | founding location = ], ], ] | ||
| | founded by = ] | | founded by = ] and ] | ||
| | years active = 1929–1960s | | years active = 1929–1960s | ||
| | territory = ]; mainly active in ], ], ], ], ] and ] | | territory = ]; mainly active in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], some areas of ] and ] | ||
| | ethnic makeup = Mainly people of ] |
| ethnic makeup = Mainly people of ], ] and ] descent; to a lesser extent ], ], and other organized crime groups | ||
| | membership est = At least 14 criminal organizations | | membership est = At least 14 criminal organizations | ||
| | criminal activities = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] | | criminal activities = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] | ||
| | allies = {{plainlist| | | allies = {{plainlist| | ||
| *] | *] | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| The '''National Crime Syndicate''' was |
The '''National Crime Syndicate''' was a multi-ethnic, closely connected, American ] of several ]. It mostly consisted of and was led by the closely interconnected ] and ]. It also involved, to a lesser extent, other ethnic criminal organizations such as the ] and ]. Hundreds of murders were committed by ] on behalf of the National Crime Syndicate during the 1930s and 1940s. | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| According to writers on organized crime, the Syndicate was an idea of ],<ref>{{cite book|author=Abadinsky, Howard |title=Organized Crime|publisher=Cengage Learning|date= 2009|page=115}}</ref> and was founded or established at a May 1929 ] in ]. It was attended by leading underworld figures throughout the United States, including Torrio, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] head ], ] boss ], gambler ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sifakis, Carl |title=The Mafia Encyclopedia|edition=Second |publisher=Checkmark Books}}</ref> Others described the Atlantic City meeting as a coordination and strategy conference for ]s.<ref>{{cite book| |
According to writers on organized crime, the Syndicate was an idea of ],<ref>{{cite book|author=Abadinsky, Howard |title=Organized Crime|publisher=Cengage Learning|date= 2009|page=115}}</ref> and was founded or established at a May 1929 ] in ]. It was attended by leading underworld figures throughout the United States, including Torrio, ], ], ], ], ], [[Joe Adonis|Joe "Joey A" | ||
| Adonis]], ], ], ], ] head ], ] boss ], gambler ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sifakis, Carl |title=The Mafia Encyclopedia|edition=Second |publisher=Checkmark Books}}</ref> Others described the Atlantic City meeting as a coordination and strategy conference for ]s.<ref>{{cite book |author=Eisenberg, Dennis |author2=Dan, Uri |author3=Landau, Eli |title=Meyer Lansky: Mogul of the Mob|publisher= Paddington Press|date= 1979}}</ref> According to the findings of the ] ] in the 1950s, chaired by ], the National Crime Syndicate was a confederation of mainly ] and ] organized crime groups throughout the United States. | |||
| The media dubbed the enforcement arm of the Syndicate "]", a gang of ] mafiosi who carried out murders in the 1930s and 1940s for various crime bosses. It was headed by Buchalter and Anastasia, who reported to commission members Lansky and Adonis, and included many infamous mobsters. | The media dubbed the enforcement arm of the Syndicate "]", a gang of ] mafiosi who carried out murders in the 1930s and 1940s for various crime bosses. It was headed by Buchalter and Anastasia, who reported to commission members ] and Adonis, and included many infamous mobsters. | ||
| Murder Inc. consisted of two factions. One was the Jewish ] Boys headed by ], who reported to Lepke Buchalter and ]. The other was the Italian ] Hooligans led by ], who reported to Albert Anastasia. Bugsy Siegel was involved in many of Murder |
Murder Inc. consisted of two factions. One was the Jewish ] Boys headed by ], who reported to Lepke Buchalter and ]. The other was the Italian ] Hooligans led by ], who reported to Albert Anastasia. Bugsy Siegel was involved in many of Murder Inc.'s murders, but as a leading figure instead of a soldier. | ||
| In his biography of Meyer Lansky, ''Little Man'' (1991), journalist ] argued that no National Crime Syndicate ever existed. "The idea of a National Crime Syndicate is often confused with the Mafia. Yet they are not the same thing," probably referring to the ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Lacey, Robert |title=Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life|url=https://archive.org/details/littlemanmeyerla00lace |url-access=registration |publisher=Little Brown & Co.|date= 1991|pages= }}</ref> | In his biography of Meyer Lansky, ''Little Man'' (1991), journalist ] argued that no National Crime Syndicate ever existed. "The idea of a National Crime Syndicate is often confused with the Mafia. Yet they are not the same thing," probably referring to the ].<ref>{{cite book|author=Lacey, Robert |title=Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life|url=https://archive.org/details/littlemanmeyerla00lace |url-access=registration |publisher=Little Brown & Co.|date= 1991|pages= |isbn=978-0-316-51168-1 }}</ref> | ||
| Although many of its members were imprisoned, and some were executed, the demise of the organization is as uncertain as its origins. By the late 1940s, Murder Inc. and most of its non-Italian components were defunct. Some individuals, such as Lansky, continued to operate as affiliates of Italian groups. | Although many of its members were imprisoned, and some were executed, the demise of the organization is as uncertain as its origins. By the late 1940s, Murder Inc. and most of its non-Italian components were defunct. Some individuals, such as Lansky, continued to operate as affiliates of Italian groups. | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ** ] | ** ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| ==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| *{{cite book |last1=Nash |first1=Jay Robert | |
* {{cite book |last1=Nash |first1=Jay Robert |author-link1=Jay Robert Nash |editor1-last=Nash |editor1-first=Jay Robert |editor1-link=Jay Robert Nash |title=World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime |date=1992 |publisher=CrimeBooks, Inc., ] |isbn=1-55778-508-2 |edition=First Paragon House Trade |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi00jayr }} | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{American Mafia}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
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| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:57, 21 October 2024
Cabal of American criminals in mid 20th century Criminal organization| Founded | 1929 |
|---|---|
| Founded by | Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky |
| Founding location | Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Years active | 1929–1960s |
| Territory | United States; mainly active in New York, Philadelphia, New Jersey, Illinois, California, Nevada, New Orleans, some areas of New England and Florida |
| Ethnicity | Mainly people of Italian, Jewish and Irish descent; to a lesser extent African-American gangsters, Polish-American gangsters, and other organized crime groups |
| Membership (est.) | At least 14 criminal organizations |
| Criminal activities | Racketeering, rum-running, extortion, bribery, drug trafficking, gambling, prostitution, robbery, fraud, money laundering, fencing, loan sharking |
| Allies | |
| Rivals | Several gangs in the country |
The National Crime Syndicate was a multi-ethnic, closely connected, American confederation of several criminal organizations. It mostly consisted of and was led by the closely interconnected Italian American Mafia and Jewish Mob. It also involved, to a lesser extent, other ethnic criminal organizations such as the Irish Mob and African-American crime groups. Hundreds of murders were committed by Murder, Inc. on behalf of the National Crime Syndicate during the 1930s and 1940s.
History
According to writers on organized crime, the Syndicate was an idea of Johnny "Fox" Torrio, and was founded or established at a May 1929 conference in Atlantic City. It was attended by leading underworld figures throughout the United States, including Torrio, Charles "Lucky" Luciano, Al "Big Al" Capone, Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, Frank "Prime Minister" Costello, Meyer "Little Man" Lansky, Joe "Joey A" Adonis, Dutch Schultz, Abner "Longie" Zwillman, Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, Gambino crime family head Vincent Mangano, Atlantic City Crime Syndicate boss Nucky Johnson, gambler Frank Erickson, Frank Scalice, and Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia. Others described the Atlantic City meeting as a coordination and strategy conference for bootleggers. According to the findings of the United States Senate Special Committee in the 1950s, chaired by Estes Kefauver, the National Crime Syndicate was a confederation of mainly Italian and Jewish organized crime groups throughout the United States.
The media dubbed the enforcement arm of the Syndicate "Murder, Inc.", a gang of Brooklyn mafiosi who carried out murders in the 1930s and 1940s for various crime bosses. It was headed by Buchalter and Anastasia, who reported to commission members Lansky and Adonis, and included many infamous mobsters.
Murder Inc. consisted of two factions. One was the Jewish Brownsville Boys headed by Abe "Kid Twist" Reles, who reported to Lepke Buchalter and Jacob "Gurrah" Shapiro. The other was the Italian Ocean Hill Hooligans led by Harry "Happy" Maione, who reported to Albert Anastasia. Bugsy Siegel was involved in many of Murder Inc.'s murders, but as a leading figure instead of a soldier.
In his biography of Meyer Lansky, Little Man (1991), journalist Robert Lacey argued that no National Crime Syndicate ever existed. "The idea of a National Crime Syndicate is often confused with the Mafia. Yet they are not the same thing," probably referring to the American Mafia.
Although many of its members were imprisoned, and some were executed, the demise of the organization is as uncertain as its origins. By the late 1940s, Murder Inc. and most of its non-Italian components were defunct. Some individuals, such as Lansky, continued to operate as affiliates of Italian groups.
See also
Bibliography
- Nash, Jay Robert (1992). Nash, Jay Robert (ed.). World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime (First Paragon House Trade ed.). CrimeBooks, Inc., Paragon House. ISBN 1-55778-508-2.
References
- Abadinsky, Howard (2009). Organized Crime. Cengage Learning. p. 115.
- Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia (Second ed.). Checkmark Books.
- Eisenberg, Dennis; Dan, Uri; Landau, Eli (1979). Meyer Lansky: Mogul of the Mob. Paddington Press.
- Lacey, Robert (1991). Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life. Little Brown & Co. pp. 200-207. ISBN 978-0-316-51168-1.
