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{{Short description|Term meaning one who brings renewal to Islam}}
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{{distinguish|Mujahid}}
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mujaddid''}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}} {{Usul al-fiqh}}


A '''mujaddid''' ({{lang-ar|مجدد}}), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (''tajdid'' {{lang-ar|تجديد}}) to the religion.<ref name=faruqi>{{cite book|last1=Faruqi|first1=Burhan Ahmad|title=The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7UeAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Mujaddid&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ekakVI6XG4yvyASLiYCYAw&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Mujaddid&f=false|accessdate=31 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="MICE">{{cite book|editor1-last=Meri|editor1-first=Josef W.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|publisher=Psychology Press|page=678|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC&pg=PA678&dq=encyclopedia+of+islam+mujaddid&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gUikVMSzOof0yATlgoGIBw&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=encyclopedia%20of%20islam%20mujaddid&f=false}}</ref> According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. A '''''mujaddid''''' ({{langx|ar|مجدد}}) is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" ({{langx|ar|تجديد|translit=]|label=none}}) to the religion.<ref name=faruqi>{{cite book|last1=Faruqi|first1=Burhan Ahmad|title=The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid|date=16 August 2010|page=7|publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781446164020|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7UeAgAAQBAJ|access-date=31 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="MICE">{{cite book|editor1-last=Meri|editor1-first=Josef W.|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|year=2006|publisher=Psychology Press|page=678|isbn=9780415966900|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC}}</ref> According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every ] of the ] to ] ], cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. In contemporary times, a mujaddid is looked upon as the greatest Muslim of a century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1590|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904055850/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1590|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 4, 2018|title=Mujaddid – Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03}}</ref>


The concept is based not on the ] but on a famous ] (Prophetic tradition) recorded by ]: ] narrated that the ] ] said: The concept is based on a '']'' (a saying of ]),<ref name="Neal Robinson 2013 pp. 85-89">Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge, {{ISBN|978-0878402243}}, Chapter 7, pp. 85–89</ref> recorded by ], narrated by ] who mentioned that Muhammad said:
{{Cquote|4=] ], Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim , Hadith Number 4278<ref>{{Hadith-usc|abudawud|usc=yes|37|4278}}</ref>|Allah shall raise for this Ummah at the head of every century a man who shall renew (or revive) for it its religion.}}


{{blockquote|Allah will raise for this community at the end of every 100 years the one who will renovate its religion for it.|sign=|source=], Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim , Hadith Number 4278<ref>{{Hadith-usc|abudawud|usc=yes|37|4278}}</ref>}}
Mujaddid tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.<ref name="MICE"/>


] (disagreements) exist among different hadith viewers. Scholars such as ] and ] have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.<ref>Fath al-Baari (13/295)</ref><ref>Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)</ref>
⚫ ==List of claimants and potential Mujaddids==
While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The ] and the ] order have their own list of mujaddids.<ref name="MICE"/>


''Mujaddids'' can include prominent scholars, pious rulers and military commanders.<ref name="MICE"/>
===First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)===
⚫ *] (682–720)<ref name="livingislam">{{cite web | url=http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e96.html|title=Mujaddid Ulema|publisher=Living Islam|accessdate= }}</ref><ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.</ref>


⚫ ==List of Sunni claimants and potential ''mujaddids''==
⚫ ===Second Century (August 10, 815)===
{{multiple image|perrow = 4|total_width=470
⚫ *] (767–820)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Izalat al-Khafa">{{cite book |last=Waliullah|first=Shah|coathors= |title=]|year= |publisher= |page=77, part 7|isbn= }}</ref><ref name="Paradise Lost">{{cite book |last=Nieuwenhuijze|first=C.A.O.van|coathors= |title=Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=his4f16lUDcC&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=%22ibn+hazm%22+mujaddid&source=bl&ots=yuAxzUxD97&sig=RFWGi-R6scbPA4621WXLcBBdX5A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pqFqT4COGcrc0QHn15jXBg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22ibn%20hazm%22%20mujaddid&f=false|year=1997|publisher= |page=24|isbn=90 04 10672 3}}</ref>
| image1 = Cristofano dell'altissimo, saladino, ante 1568 - Serie Gioviana.jpg
| image2 = Timur reconstruction03.jpg
| image3 = Shahruch reconstruction.jpg
| image4 = Bellini, Gentile - Sultan Mehmet II.jpg
| image5 = Yavuz Selim.jpg
| image6 =Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire.jpg
| image7 = Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg
| image8 = TipuSultan1790.jpg
| footer = Rulers and conquerors such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] were often popularly heralded as mujaddids for their roles in ] (''Saladin, Ottoman's Selim I and Suleiman I held the title of ]'').<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Roy|title=Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State|date=2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136950360}}</ref><ref name="pande">{{cite book|title=Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan: Evaluation of Their Religious Policies|author=B. N. Pande|publisher=]|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgbXAAAAMAAJ|isbn=9788185220383}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; {{ISBN|978-0970437013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Akgunduz |first1=Ahmed |last2=Ozturk |first2=Said |title=Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths |date=2011 |publisher=IUR Press |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ&q=ottoman+mujaddid&pg=PA14 |access-date=28 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim p. 172">Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from ''The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought'', p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. ]: ], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7848-8}}</ref>}}While there is no formal mechanism for designating a ''mujaddid'' in ], there is often a popular consensus. The ] and ]<ref name="Ghulam">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RfYBgAAQBAJ|title=Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures|date=10 March 2015|publisher=]|isbn=9781610692502}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=September 2018}}<ref name="Jesudas M. Athyal 2015 p 1">Jesudas M. Athyal, Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures, (ABC-CLIO, LLC 2015), p 1. {{ISBN|9781610692496}}.</ref> have their own list of mujaddids.<ref name="MICE"/>


===Third Century (August 17, 912)=== ===First century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)===
⚫ * ] (682–720)<ref name="livingislam">{{cite web | url=http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e96.html|title=Mujaddid Ulema|publisher=Living Islam}}</ref><ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. {{ISBN|0415966906}}.</ref>
⚫ *] (864–941)<ref name="Izalat al-Khafa"/><ref name="Paradise Lost"/>

⚫ *] (874–936)<ref name="Josef W. Meri p 678">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906</ref>
⚫ ===Second century (August 10, 815)===
⚫ * ] (767–820)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Waines">{{cite book|last1=Waines|first1=David|title=An Introduction to Islam|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521539064|page=210}}</ref><ref name="Izalat al-Khafa">{{cite book |last=Waliullah|first=Shah|title=]|year= |publisher= |page=77, part 7|isbn= }}</ref><ref name="Paradise Lost">{{cite book |last=Nieuwenhuijze|first=C.A.O.van|title=Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=his4f16lUDcC&pg=PA24|year=1997|publisher= BRILL|page=24|isbn=90-04-10672-3}}</ref>
* ] (780–855)<ref>Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's "al-Nukat al-Ziraf"," ''The Arab Studies Journal'', Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98</ref>

===Third century (August 17, 912)===
⚫ * ] (810–870)<ref name="Izalat al-Khafa"/>
⚫ * ] (874–936)<ref name="Waines"/><ref name="Josef W. Meri p 678">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. {{ISBN|0415966906}}</ref>


===Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)=== ===Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)===
*] (950–1013)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Paradise Lost">{{cite book |last= |first= |coathors= |title=Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1|year= |publisher= |page=403|isbn= }}</ref> * ] (933–1012)<ref name="Izalat al-Khafa"/>
* ] (950–1013)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj">{{cite book |last= |first= |title=Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1|year= |publisher= |page=403|isbn= }}</ref>

*] (933–1012)<ref name="Izalat al-Khafa"/>
===Fifth century (September 1, 1106)===
⚫ *] (994–1064)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/>
* ] (994–1064)<ref name="ReferenceB">The Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy, Page 133 Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez</ref>
⚫ * ] (1058–1111)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Waines"/><ref name="Paradise Lost"/><ref name="thepenmagazine">{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.thepenmagazine.net/imam-ghazali-the-sun-of-the-fifth-century-hujjat-al-islam/|title=Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth century Hujjat al-Islam|work= |location= |publisher=The Pen|date=February 1, 2011|access-date= }}</ref><ref>Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. {{ISBN|0231519990}}</ref><ref>Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566</ref><ref>Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421</ref>
* ] (1078–1166) <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Reese |first1=Scott S. |date= 2001 |title= The Best of Guides: Sufi Poetry and Alternate Discourses of Reform in Early Twentieth-Century Somalia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=14 |issue=1 Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa |pages= 49–68|doi=10.1080/136968101750333969 |jstor=3181395 |s2cid=162001423 }}</ref><ref>Majmu al-Fatawa, Volume 10, Page 455</ref>


===Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)=== ===Sixth century (September 9, 1203)===
* ] (1137–1193)<ref name="ReferenceA">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; {{ISBN|978-0970437013}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1058–1111)<ref name="Josef W. Meri 2005 p 678"/><ref name="Paradise Lost"/><ref name="thepenmagazine">{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.thepenmagazine.net/imam-ghazali-the-sun-of-the-fifth-century-hujjat-al-islam/|title=Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth Century Hujjat al-Islam|work= |location= |publisher=''The Pen''|date=February 1, 2011|accessdate= }}</ref><ref>Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990</ref><ref>Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566</ref><ref>Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421</ref>
*] (1147–1223)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - SunnahOnline.com|url=https://sunnahonline.com/library/biographies/370-ibn-hajar-al-asqalani|access-date=2022-01-12|website=sunnahonline.com}}</ref>
* ] (1148–1206)<ref>Sufi Movements in Eastern India – Page 194</ref><ref>The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pp. 227–228</ref>
⚫ * ] (1149–1210)<ref name="muslimphilosophy">{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm|title=al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149–1209)|publisher=Muslim Philosophy}}</ref>
* ] (1160-1226)<ref>{{cite book|author=]|title=Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam|date=23 February 2022|publisher=]|isbn=9781000585049|page=26}}</ref>


===Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)=== ===Seventh century (September 15, 1300)===
* ] (1228–1302)<ref name="Muhsin J. al-Musawi">{{cite book |title=Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, The: Arabic Knowledge Construction| date=15 April 2015|author=Muhsin J. al-Musawi| publisher=University of Notre Dame Press, Chapter 6 'Disputation in Rhetoric' citation #28|isbn=978-0268020446 }} {{ISBN|978-0268020446}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1149–1210)<ref name="muslimphilosophy">{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm|title=al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149-1209)|publisher=Muslim Philosophy|accessdate= }}</ref>
⚫ * ] (1263–1328)<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* ] (1292–1350)<ref name="ReferenceB"/>


===Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)=== ===Eighth century (September 23, 1397)===
*] (1165–1240)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/> * ] (1324–1403)<ref name="Muhsin J. al-Musawi"/>
* ] (Timur) (1336–1405)<ref>Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from ''The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought'', p. 214. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. ]: ], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7848-8}}</ref>
*] (1165–1240)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/>
⚫ * ] (1372–1448)<ref name="islamic.pwp">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm|title=Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani|publisher=Hanafi.co.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040902170858/http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm|archive-date=2004-09-02}}</ref>
*] (1263–1328)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/>


===Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)=== ===Ninth century (October 1, 1494)===
* ] (1377–1447)<ref name="Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim p. 172">Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from ''The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought'', p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. ]: ], 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-4051-7848-8}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1372–1448)<ref name="islamic.pwp">{{cite web |url=http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm|title=Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani|publisher=Hanafi.co.uk|accessdate= }}</ref>
* ] (1432–1481)<ref name="ReferenceA">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; {{ISBN|978-0970437013}}</ref>
* ] (1420-1520)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mahrusillah |first1=Mohamad |title=Fiqh Neurostorytelling Tradisi Lisan Pengajaran Fatḥ al-Mu'īn di Banten|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2oidEAAAQBAJ|publisher=Penerbit A-Empat|date=23 November 2022|isbn=9786236289754|page=139}}</ref>
⚫ * ] (1445–1505)<ref name="livingislam"/><ref name="The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|title=The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia ''part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series''|year=2004|publisher=]|page=18|isbn=9780824828486}}</ref>


===Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)=== ===Tenth century (October 19, 1591)===
* ] (1470–1520)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Akgunduz |first1=Ahmed |last2=Ozturk |first2=Said |title=Ottoman History – Misperceptions and Truths |date=2011 |publisher=IUR Press |isbn=978-90-90-26108-9 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ&q=ottoman+mujaddid&pg=PA14 |access-date=28 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1445–1505)<ref name="livingislam"/><ref name="The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia">{{cite book |last=Azra|first=Azyumardi|coathors= |title=The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia ''part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series''|year=2004|publisher=]|page=18|isbn=9780824828486}}</ref>
* ] (1494–1566)<ref>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society: Volume 12: Sixth Series
By Royal Historical Society</ref>
* ] (1513-1596)<ref>{{cite book|last1=Khan|first1=I. K.|title=Islam in Modern Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R9UqlsRiNTQC|publisher=MD Publications|date=2006|isbn=9788175330948|pages=87}}</ref>
⚫ * ] (1564–1624)<ref name="Josef W. Meri p 678"/><ref name="The New Encyclopedia of Islam">{{cite book |last=Glasse|first=Cyril|title=]|year=1997|publisher=]|page=432|isbn=90-04-10672-3}}</ref>


===Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)=== ===Eleventh century (October 26, 1688)===
*] (1585–1671)<ref name="livingislam"/> * ] (1585–1671)<ref name="livingislam"/>
⚫ * ] (1618–1707)<ref name="academia.edu">{{cite journal |last1=Kunju|first1=Saifudheen|url=https://www.academia.edu/592790|title=Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions|date=2012|page=1|access-date=5 April 2015}}</ref>
⚫ * ] (1634–1720)<ref name="iqra">{{cite web|url=http://www.iqra.net/articles/al-haddad.html|title=A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad|publisher=Iqra Islamic Publications|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527065014/http://www.iqra.net/articles/al-haddad.html|archive-date=2011-05-27}}</ref>


===Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)=== ===Twelfth century (November 4, 1785)===
* ] (1703–1762)<ref name="academia.edu"/>
⚫ *] (1564–1624)<ref name="Josef W. Meri p 678"/><ref name="The New Encyclopedia of Islam">{{cite book |last=Glasse|first=Cyril|coathors= |title=]|year=1997|publisher=]|page=432|isbn=90 04 10672 3}}</ref>
* ] (1732–1790)<ref name="The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia"/>
⚫ *] (1634–1720)<ref name="iqra">{{cite web |url=http://www.iqra.net/articles/al-haddad.html|title=A Short Biographical Sketch of Mawlana al-Haddad|publisher=Iqra Islamic Publications|accessdate= }}</ref>
⚫ * ] (1745–1823)<ref name="almukhtarbooks">{{cite web|url=http://www.almukhtarbooks.com/?p=63|title=Gyarwee Sharif|publisher=al-mukhtar books|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426051106/http://www.almukhtarbooks.com/?p=63|archive-date=2012-04-26}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1703–1762)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kunju|first1=Saifudheen|url=http://www.academia.edu/592790/SHAH_WALIULLAH_AL-DEHLAWI_THOUGHTS_AND_CONTRIBUTIONS|title=Shah Waliullah al-Dehlawi: Thoughts and Contributions|date=2012|page=1|accessdate=5 April 2015}}</ref>
* ] (1750–1799)<ref>Muslims and India's freedom movement, Shan Muhammad, Institute of Objective Studies (New Delhi, India), Institute of Objective Studies and the University of Michigan, 2002; {{ISBN|9788185220581}}</ref>
⚫ * ] (1754–1817)<ref name="African And Islamic Revival">{{cite book |last=O. Hunwick|first=John|title=''African And Islamic Revival'' in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources|url=http://www.uga.edu/islam/hunwick.html|year=1995|publisher= |page=6|isbn= }}</ref>
* ] (1786–1831)<ref>Ahmad, M. (1975). Saiyid Ahmad barevali: His Life and Mission (No. 93). Lucknow: Academy of Islamic Research and Publications. Page 27.</ref>
* ] (1796–1861)<ref name="Sehgal2001">{{cite book|author=Anil Sehgal|title=Ali Sardar Jafri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kl08TgBBxHIC&pg=PA213|year=2001|publisher=Bharatiya Jnanpith|isbn=978-81-263-0671-8|pages=213–}}</ref>


===Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)=== ===Thirteenth century (November 14, 1882)===
*] (1732–1790)<ref name="The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia"/> * ] (1849–1905)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/>
* ] (1851–1920)<ref>{{cite news |title=Shaikhul-Hind Mahmood Hasan: symbol of freedom struggle |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/4-national/13779-shaikhul-hind-mahmood-hasan-symbol-of-freedom-struggle/ |access-date=3 May 2021 |date=12 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Adrawi Asir |author1-link=Asir Adrawi |title=Hazrat Shaykh al-Hind: Hayāt awr kārnāme |trans-title=Shaykh al-Hind: Life and works |publisher=Shaykhul Hind Academy |pages=304–305|language=ur}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1745–1823)<ref name="almukhtarbooks">{{cite web |url=http://www.almukhtarbooks.com/?p=63|title=Gyarwee Sharif|publisher=al-mukhtar books|accessdate= }}</ref>
* ] (1856–1925) <ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/islams-reformers|title=Islam's Reformers|date=1 March 2014|author=M.Sıddık Gümüş| publisher=Hakikat Kitabevi|asin=B000BZYZOQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/details/TheReformerOfTheMuslimWorldByDrMuhammadMasoodAhmad|title=The Reformer Of The Muslim World|date=1995|author= Dr.Muhammad Masood Ahmad |publisher=Al-Mukhtar Publications}}</ref>
⚫ *] (1754–1817)<ref name="African And Islamic Revival">{{cite book |last=O. Hunwick|first=John|coathors= |title=''African And Islamic Revival'' in Sudanic Africa: A Journal of Historical Sources|url=http://www.uga.edu/islam/hunwick.html|year=1995|publisher= |page=6|isbn= }}</ref>
* ] (1853–1927) <ref>{{cite book |url= https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=ex-patt|title=The Mourides of Senegal|date=2014|author=Senegal Society and Culture Report. Petaluma, CA: World Trade Press. 2010.| publisher=World Trade Press}}</ref>


===Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)=== ===Fourteenth century (November 21, 1979)===
* ] (1863–1943)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mian|first=Ali Altaf|date=2015|title=Surviving Modernity: Ashraf 'Ali Thanvi (1863–1943) and the Making of Muslim Orthodoxy in Colonial India|url=https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/9815|journal=Duke University|language=en}}</ref>
*] (1849–1905)<ref name="Paradise Lost"/>
*] (1878–1960)<ref name="Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices">{{cite book |last=Rippin|first=Andrew|coathors= |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|year= |publisher= |page=282|isbn= }}</ref> * ] (1878–1960)<ref name="Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices">{{cite book |last=Rippin|first=Andrew|title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|year= |publisher= |page=282|isbn= }}</ref>
* ] (1889–1957)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Van Mitchell|date=September 1974|title=History of West Africa, Vol. 2|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605|journal=History: Reviews of New Books|volume=2|issue=10|pages=251|doi=10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605|issn=0361-2759}}</ref>
* ] (1903–1979)<ref name="Maududi">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC|title=Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism|date=4 January 1996| publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195357110}}</ref>{{page needed|date=October 2021}}
* ] (1913 - 2018) <ref name="Sufism in West Africa">{{cite journal|author=Rüdiger Seesemann|title=Sufism in West Africa|journal=Religion Compass |url=https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x|year=2010|volume=4 |issue=10 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing Ltd|pages= 606–614|doi=10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x }}</ref>
* ] (1944–2004) <ref>{{Cite news|date=2015-03-02|title=next mujaddid- Syekh Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Benteng Sunni Abad ke-21|url=https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/news-update/15/03/02/nkkosb53-next-mujaddid-syekh-muhammad-alawi-almaliki-benteng-sunni-abad-ke21|access-date=2020-06-08|work=] |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jalali|title=Correct Understanding of the Mawlid – 1 {{!}} TAQWA.sg {{!}} Tariqatu-l Arusiyyatu-l Qadiriyyah Worldwide Association (Singapore) - Shari'a, Tariqa, Ma'rifa, and Haqiqa|url=http://taqwa.sg/v/articles/correct-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1/|access-date=2020-06-08|language=en-GB|archive-date=2015-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001110919/http://taqwa.sg/v/articles/correct-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Claimants in other traditions==
===Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)===
* ] (1571–1640)<ref>The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam – Page 286</ref><ref>The Fundamental Principles of Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy by Reza Akbarian</ref>
*] (1856–1921)<ref name="alahazrat">{{cite web |url=http://www.alahazrat.net/events/ursealahazrat/servicesasamujaddid.htm|title=Services As A Mujadid|publisher=Alahazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan|accessdate= }}</ref> Note: Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th century a claim which is accepted by the ]s, but rejected by other Muslim communities.
* ] (1817–1898)<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World,'' Thomson Gale (2004)</ref>
*] (1835-1908)<ref name="Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices">{{cite book |title=Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|last=Rippin|first= Andrew|coauthors= |year= |publisher= |page=282|isbn= }}</ref><ref name="alislamtopics">{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/topics/messiah/index.php|title=The Promised Messiah|publisher=Al Islam|accessdate= }}</ref> – Note: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to be the Mujaddid of the 14th century,<ref name="alislambooks">{{cite web |url= http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000087.html|title=Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad|publisher=Al Islam|accessdate= }} Chapter Two</ref> a claim which is accepted by the ].<ref name=" alislamBritishGovt-and-Jihad">{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/BritishGovt-and-Jihad.pdf|title=British Government and Jihad|publisher=Al Islam|accessdate= }}</ref> but rejected by other Muslim communities.<ref name="hazrat">{{cite web |url=http://www.hazrat.org/renewal.htm|title=Renewal Deeds|publisher=AlaHazrat|accessdate= }}</ref>
*] (1835–1908)<ref>Adil Hussain Khan, , Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015, p. 42.</ref><ref>{{cite book | title=Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background | author=Friedmann, Yohanan | year=2003 | publisher=Oxford University Press | page=107 | isbn=965-264-014-X}}</ref>{{refn|Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the ] sect. The ]-Shia mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the Ahmadiyya sect as it believes in non-law bearing prophethood after Muhammad.}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e85|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723084336/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e85|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 23, 2010|title=Ahmadis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online|website=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-03|quote=Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a “nonlegislating” prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of Muhammad's “legislative” prophecy) with a divine mandate for the revival and renewal of Islam.}}</ref>


==References== == References ==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}


==Further reading== == Further reading ==
*Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15. * Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). ''Journal of Turkish Studies'' 18 (1994): 1–15.
*Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks * Friedmann, Yohanan. ''Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity''. Oxford India Paperbacks


==External links== == External links ==
* *
* {{fr}} * {{in lang|fr}}
* {{fr}} * {{in lang|fr}}
* {{ur}} * {{in lang|ur}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Mujaddid}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mujaddid}}
] ]

Latest revision as of 14:26, 23 October 2024

Term meaning one who brings renewal to Islam Not to be confused with Mujahid.

Part of a series on Islam
Usul al-Fiqh
Fiqh
Ahkam
Legal vocations and titles

A mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد) is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (تجديد, tajdid) to the religion. According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revitalize Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. In contemporary times, a mujaddid is looked upon as the greatest Muslim of a century.

The concept is based on a hadith (a saying of Islamic prophet Muhammad), recorded by Abu Dawood, narrated by Abu Hurairah who mentioned that Muhammad said:

Allah will raise for this community at the end of every 100 years the one who will renovate its religion for it.

— Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim , Hadith Number 4278

Ikhtilaf (disagreements) exist among different hadith viewers. Scholars such as Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.

Mujaddids can include prominent scholars, pious rulers and military commanders.

List of Sunni claimants and potential mujaddids

Rulers and conquerors such as Saladin, Tamerlane, Shah Rukh, Mehmed II, Selim I, Suleiman I, Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan were often popularly heralded as mujaddids for their roles in Political Islam (Saladin, Ottoman's Selim I and Suleiman I held the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques).

While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid in Sunni Islam, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and Ahmadiyya have their own list of mujaddids.

First century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)

Second century (August 10, 815)

Third century (August 17, 912)

Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)

Fifth century (September 1, 1106)

Sixth century (September 9, 1203)

Seventh century (September 15, 1300)

Eighth century (September 23, 1397)

Ninth century (October 1, 1494)

Tenth century (October 19, 1591)

Eleventh century (October 26, 1688)

Twelfth century (November 4, 1785)

Thirteenth century (November 14, 1882)

Fourteenth century (November 21, 1979)

Claimants in other traditions

References

  1. Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad (16 August 2010). The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid. Lulu.com. p. 7. ISBN 9781446164020. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
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  4. Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge, ISBN 978-0878402243, Chapter 7, pp. 85–89
  5. Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
  6. Fath al-Baari (13/295)
  7. Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)
  8. Jackson, Roy (2010). Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State. Routledge. ISBN 9781136950360.
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  53. M.Sıddık Gümüş (1 March 2014). Islam's Reformers. Hakikat Kitabevi. ASIN B000BZYZOQ.
  54. Dr.Muhammad Masood Ahmad (1995). The Reformer Of The Muslim World. Al-Mukhtar Publications.
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  56. Mian, Ali Altaf (2015). "Surviving Modernity: Ashraf 'Ali Thanvi (1863–1943) and the Making of Muslim Orthodoxy in Colonial India". Duke University.
  57. Rippin, Andrew. Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. p. 282.
  58. Smith, Van Mitchell (September 1974). "History of West Africa, Vol. 2". History: Reviews of New Books. 2 (10): 251. doi:10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605. ISSN 0361-2759.
  59. Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism. Oxford University Press. 4 January 1996. ISBN 9780195357110.
  60. Rüdiger Seesemann (2010). "Sufism in West Africa". Religion Compass. 4 (10). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 606–614. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x.
  61. "next mujaddid- Syekh Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Benteng Sunni Abad ke-21". Republika (Indonesian newspaper) (in Indonesian). 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  62. Jalali. "Correct Understanding of the Mawlid – 1 | TAQWA.sg | Tariqatu-l Arusiyyatu-l Qadiriyyah Worldwide Association (Singapore) - Shari'a, Tariqa, Ma'rifa, and Haqiqa". Archived from the original on 2015-10-01. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
  63. The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam – Page 286
  64. The Fundamental Principles of Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy by Reza Akbarian
  65. Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, Thomson Gale (2004)
  66. Adil Hussain Khan, From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia, Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015, p. 42.
  67. Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. p. 107. ISBN 965-264-014-X.
  68. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the Ahmadiyya sect. The Sunni-Shia mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the Ahmadiyya sect as it believes in non-law bearing prophethood after Muhammad.
  69. "Ahmadis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved 2018-09-03. Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a "nonlegislating" prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of Muhammad's "legislative" prophecy) with a divine mandate for the revival and renewal of Islam.

Further reading

  • Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
  • Friedmann, Yohanan. Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity. Oxford India Paperbacks

External links

Category: