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| {{Short description|Carpathian–American Holocaust survivor}} | |||
| {{pp-pc1|expiry=31 October 2015|small=yes}} | |||
| {{BLP sources|date=February 2016}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}} | |||
| {{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| | name = Irene Zisblatt | | name = Irene Zisblatt | ||
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| | caption = | | caption = | ||
| | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1929|12|28|df=y}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1929|12|28|df=y}} | ||
| | birth_place = ] | | birth_place = ], Czechoslovakia | ||
| | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | ||
| | death_place = | | death_place = | ||
| | nationality = ] | | nationality = ] | ||
| | website = |
| website = | ||
| | known_for = ] | | known_for = ] | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Irene Zisblatt''' |
'''Irene Zisblatt''' (née '''Zegelstein'''; born 28 December 1929) is a Carpathian Mountains-born American ].<ref>Zisblatt, Irene. ''The Fifth Diamond'', 2008</ref> She was an inmate in the ] concentration camp. She appeared in the 1998 documentary '']'' and published her autobiography ''The Fifth Diamond'' in 2008. | ||
| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| Irene Zegelstein was born on 28 December 1929, in the resort town of |
Irene Zegelstein was born on 28 December 1929, in the resort town of Polyana, in what is now ] in Ukraine, in a house with no electricity. Her father was a co-owner of a spa, and her mother was a housewife. Around 1939, at the age of nine, she was expelled from school, since Jewish people were forbidden to leave their houses after six in the evening or before eight in the morning. {{Citation needed|date=July 2016}} | ||
| On |
On the second night of Passover, 8 April 1944, she and her family were sent to the ] of ], which, according to Zisblatt, consisted of a former brick factory surrounded by a fence. All houses were already full, so her family built a small tent from the tablecloths they had in their suitcases, and that's where they slept. | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | Some time later, she and her family were deceived into believing that they were being transferred to work in the vineyards in ], Hungary. Instead, they were sent on a train to the ]. She was immediately separated from her family and she was the only one of her 40 family members to survive the ]s.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}} Everyone older than 45 or younger than 15 was sent immediately to the gas chambers. Her entire family was gassed up in Gas Chamber No. 2, including her parents. Before leaving, her mother gave her four ]s to purchase ]. However, not wanting to accept the soldiers' request to put valuables inside bags, Zisblatt swallowed the diamonds, which her mother had sewn into her dress. She later stated that she then recovered the diamonds from her ]. After cleaning the diamonds, she repeated the process on many occasions when she was selected for testing by ].<ref>{{cite news|last=Durbach|first=Elaine |url=http://njjewishnews.com/njjn.com/112008/cjSurvivorTells.html|title=Survivor tells of surviving Mengele at Auschwitz|work=New Jersey Jewish News|date=20 November 2008|accessdate=5 January 2018}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | With the help of another prisoner, she was able to escape Auschwitz by getting on a train traveling across tracks running near the No. 3 gas chamber. The train took her to the ] in Germany where shortly after she was forced to go on a "death march" as the war wound down. After marching for days upon days |
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| ⚫ | With the help of another prisoner, she was able to escape Auschwitz by getting on a train traveling across tracks running near the No. 3 gas chamber. The train took her to the ] in Germany where shortly after she was forced to go on a "death march" as the war wound down. After marching for days upon days Zisblatt states that she and her friend escaped during a dark night as they stood between two forests. The next day, they were found by ] soldiers. Her friend later died from disease the following day. She was adopted to an American family two years later. | ||
| ⚫ | Zisblatt was one of five ] Holocaust survivors whose story was featured in the |
||
| ⚫ | Zisblatt was one of five ] Holocaust survivors whose story was featured in the 1998 Academy Award-winning ] movie, '']'', directed by ] and produced by ].<ref>Holden, Stephen. ''The New York Times'', February 5, 1999</ref> The documentary follows Zisblatt as she and her daughter travel back to sites of memory, including Zisblatt's childhood town, which she had not seen since her deportation in 1944. Zisblatt also visited the ghetto she was formerly placed in, before she was deported to Auschwitz. Experimental psychologist George Mastroianni, in his ''Times of Israel Blogs'' piece discussing ''The Last Days'' and a 2010 blog piece by independent scholar Joachim Neander, stated "Neander analyzed Zisblatt's testimony and raised concerns about the factual accuracy of some of the elements of her story."<ref>{{cite web|last=Mastroianni |first=George R.|title=Questionable testimony in Holocaust doc is grist for deniers|url=https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/questionable-testimony-in-holocaust-doc-is-grist-for-deniers/|website=] Blogs|date=2021-08-04| access-date=2021-09-26}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason= see ]|date=September 2021}} | ||
| ==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
| {{BLP unsourced section|date=April 2019}} | |||
| Zisblatt now lives in ]. She has a son (born circa 1957), a ], a daughter (born circa 1963) who is an ] flight attendant, and four grandchildren. | |||
| She frequently makes visits to American schools to talk about her personal ] experiences. | Zisblatt now lives in ], Florida. She has a son Mark (b. 1957), a daughter, Robin (b. 1963), and five grandchildren. She frequently makes visits to American schools to talk about her personal ] experiences. | ||
| ==Attacks by Holocaust deniers== | |||
| Zisblatt's experiences as a Holocaust survivor have been the subject of numerous attacks by known ], including Holocaust denial activist Carolyn Yeager, a neo-Nazi listed on the ]'s watch list.<ref>http://archive.adl.org/main_extremism/carolyn_yeager_holocaust_denial.html</ref> | |||
| ==Criticism by Historians== | |||
| Zisblatt's memoir has came under scrutiny by scholars including Dr. Joachim Neander. Neander calls Zisblatt's story "dubious," but contends that she is a holocaust survivor. However, he wished that Zisblatt had told "her story about survival at Auschwitz without exaggerations and implausibilities."<ref>http://holocaustcontroversies.blogspot.com/2010/01/irene-zisblatt-diamond-girl-fact-or.html</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| {{Persondata | |||
| | NAME = Zisblatt, Irene | |||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Hungarian holocaust survivor | |||
| | DATE OF BIRTH = 1929 | |||
| | PLACE OF BIRTH = ] | |||
| | DATE OF DEATH = | |||
| | PLACE OF DEATH = | |||
| }} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Zisblatt, Irene}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Zisblatt, Irene}} | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 09:46, 2 November 2024
Carpathian–American Holocaust survivor | This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. Find sources: "Irene Zisblatt" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Irene Zisblatt | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1929-12-28) 28 December 1929 (age 95) Polena, Czechoslovakia |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Holocaust survivor |
Irene Zisblatt (née Zegelstein; born 28 December 1929) is a Carpathian Mountains-born American Holocaust survivor. She was an inmate in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. She appeared in the 1998 documentary The Last Days and published her autobiography The Fifth Diamond in 2008.
Biography
Irene Zegelstein was born on 28 December 1929, in the resort town of Polyana, in what is now Zakarpattia Oblast in Ukraine, in a house with no electricity. Her father was a co-owner of a spa, and her mother was a housewife. Around 1939, at the age of nine, she was expelled from school, since Jewish people were forbidden to leave their houses after six in the evening or before eight in the morning.
On the second night of Passover, 8 April 1944, she and her family were sent to the ghetto of Munkács, which, according to Zisblatt, consisted of a former brick factory surrounded by a fence. All houses were already full, so her family built a small tent from the tablecloths they had in their suitcases, and that's where they slept.
Some time later, she and her family were deceived into believing that they were being transferred to work in the vineyards in Tokaj, Hungary. Instead, they were sent on a train to the Auschwitz concentration camp. She was immediately separated from her family and she was the only one of her 40 family members to survive the gas chambers. Everyone older than 45 or younger than 15 was sent immediately to the gas chambers. Her entire family was gassed up in Gas Chamber No. 2, including her parents. Before leaving, her mother gave her four diamonds to purchase bread. However, not wanting to accept the soldiers' request to put valuables inside bags, Zisblatt swallowed the diamonds, which her mother had sewn into her dress. She later stated that she then recovered the diamonds from her feces. After cleaning the diamonds, she repeated the process on many occasions when she was selected for testing by Josef Mengele.
With the help of another prisoner, she was able to escape Auschwitz by getting on a train traveling across tracks running near the No. 3 gas chamber. The train took her to the Neuengamme concentration camp in Germany where shortly after she was forced to go on a "death march" as the war wound down. After marching for days upon days Zisblatt states that she and her friend escaped during a dark night as they stood between two forests. The next day, they were found by American soldiers. Her friend later died from disease the following day. She was adopted to an American family two years later.
Zisblatt was one of five Hungarian Holocaust survivors whose story was featured in the 1998 Academy Award-winning documentary movie, The Last Days, directed by James Moll and produced by Steven Spielberg. The documentary follows Zisblatt as she and her daughter travel back to sites of memory, including Zisblatt's childhood town, which she had not seen since her deportation in 1944. Zisblatt also visited the ghetto she was formerly placed in, before she was deported to Auschwitz. Experimental psychologist George Mastroianni, in his Times of Israel Blogs piece discussing The Last Days and a 2010 blog piece by independent scholar Joachim Neander, stated "Neander analyzed Zisblatt's testimony and raised concerns about the factual accuracy of some of the elements of her story."
Personal life
| This section of a biography of a living person does not include any references or sources. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately. Find sources: "Irene Zisblatt" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Zisblatt now lives in Broward County, Florida. She has a son Mark (b. 1957), a daughter, Robin (b. 1963), and five grandchildren. She frequently makes visits to American schools to talk about her personal Holocaust experiences.
References
- Zisblatt, Irene. The Fifth Diamond, 2008
- Durbach, Elaine (20 November 2008). "Survivor tells of surviving Mengele at Auschwitz". New Jersey Jewish News. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- Holden, Stephen. "The Last Days (1998) Film Review; In Hungary, the Final Days of the 'Final Solution'" The New York Times, February 5, 1999
- Mastroianni, George R. (4 August 2021). "Questionable testimony in Holocaust doc is grist for deniers". Times of Israel Blogs. Retrieved 26 September 2021.