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{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}} {{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{infobox person {{Infobox person
| name = Muzaffar Ahmad | name = Muzaffar Ahmad
| image = File:Muzaffar Ahmed Communist.jpg | image = Muzaffar Ahmed Communist.jpg
⚫ | birth_date = {{birth date|1889|08|05|df=y}}
| native_name = মুজফ্‌ফর আহ্‌মদ
⚫ | birth_place = ], ], ], ] (current day ])
| native_name_lang = bn
⚫ | death_date = {{death date and age|1973|12|18|1889|08|05|df=y}}
⚫ | other_names = Kakababu
⚫ | death_place = ], ], ]
| nationality = Indian | nationality = Indian
⚫ | party =]
⚫ | other_names = Kakababu
⚫ | birth_date = {{birth date|1889|08|05|df=y}}
⚫ | party = ]
⚫ | birth_place = ], ], ], ] (current day ])
⚫ ] (1925-1964)
⚫ | death_date = {{death date and age|1973|12|18|1889|08|05|df=y}}
] (1925)

}}
⚫ ], ], ] }}
'''Muzaffar Ahmad''' (known as '''Kakababu'''; 5 August 1889 – 18 December 1973) was an ]n-]i politician, journalist and a co-founder of ]. '''Muzaffar Ahmad''' (known as '''Kakababu'''; 5 August 1889 – 18 December 1973) was an ]n-]i politician, journalist and a co-founder of the ].


==Background== ==Background==
Ahmed was born at Musapur village in ] in ] of ] in the-then ] (in present-day Bangladesh) to Mansur Ali and Chuna Bibi. Ahmed studied at the Asria Senior Madrasa in Bamni, ]. He passed matriculation from ] in 1913. In 1918, he was appointed joint secretary of "]". In 1920, along with ] he started a new magazine, '']''. Later, when another magazine, '']'' was launched by Nazrul in 1922, he contributed to it using the pseudonym "Dwaipayana".<ref name="ma74">{{cite book |title=Muzaffar Ahmad |date=1963 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata |url=https://archive.org/details/muzaffar-ahmed/page/n3/mode/2up |language=Bengali}}</ref><ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Roy, Ranjit|article=Ahmed, Comrade Muzaffar}}</ref> Ahmed was born on 5 August 1889 at Musapur village on ] in ] of ] in the-then ] (in present-day Bangladesh) to Mansur Ali. Ahmed received his early education on Sandwip. He passed matriculation from ] in 1913.<ref name=Banglapedia>{{cite Banglapedia|author=Roy, Ranjit|article=Ahmed, Comrade Muzaffar}}</ref><ref name="ma74">{{cite book |title=Muzaffar Ahmad |url=https://archive.org/details/muzaffar-ahmed/page/n3/mode/2up |year=1963 |location=Kolkata |publisher=National Book Agency |page=2 |language=bn}}</ref> He studied at ] and then ], but was unsuccessful in the Intermediate in Arts examination and left college.<ref name="Singh2001">{{cite encyclopedia |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Nagendra Kr. |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |title=Ahmad, Muzaffar (1889–1973) |year=2001 |publisher=A. P. H. Publishing Corporation |volume=I |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7648-231-5 |pages=281–283}}</ref>


==Career==
==Political movement==
He participated in political meetings and demonstrations starting in 1916. In 1918, he was appointed assistant secretary of the literary society '']'' and took responsibility for producing its monthly journal.<ref name="Singh2001" /> In 1920, along with ], he started a new magazine, '']''.<ref name=Banglapedia/> Later, when another magazine, '']'', was launched by Nazrul in 1922, he contributed to it using the pseudonym "Dwaipayana".{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
⚫ Ahmed was one of the founders of the ].<ref name="Ramnath2008">{{cite book|last=Chattopadhyay|title=An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta|url=http://tulikabooks.wordpress.com/catalogue-2/forthcoming/history/an-early-communist-muzaffar-ahmed-in-calcutta-1913%E2%80%931929/|year=2011|publisher=], ]|page=86|first = Suchetana}}</ref> In 1922, the ''Bharat Samyatantra Samiti'' was formed in ] with Ahmed as its secretary. In 1924, he was sentenced to four years in prison because of his role in the ] along with ], ] and ].<ref>Suchetana Chattopadhyay, An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta, ], Delhi 2011</ref> He was released due to illness in 1925. In November, 1925 he, along with ], ], and others, organized the ] in Bengal.<ref>Mortuza Khaled, A Study in Leadership: Muzaffar Ahmad and the Communist Movement in Bengal, Progressive Publishers, Kolkata 2001</ref> He was one of the main leaders of CPI in the early 1920s along with ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan|publisher=Shishu Sahitya Samsad|isbn=978-81-7955-135-6|pages=575}}</ref>
⚫ ], ], ] at Calcutta 1937]]
⚫ ], ], Muzaffar Ahmed at Bengal Provincial Conference (1938 December - 1939 January) of CPI at ].]]
⚫ On 20 March 1929, the ] arrested 31 labour activists and sent them to ] for trial. Ahmed was the chief accused, along with S.A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, ] and others, was convicted in this so-called ]. He was released in 1936. He had served the longest term in jail as the chief accused in the Meerut Trial.
⚫ ] Prisoners taken outside the jail'''. Back row (left to right): ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]. Middle Row: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Muzaffar Ahmed. Front Row: ], ], ], ], ], ], ].]]


⚫ Ahmed was one of the founders of the ].<ref name="Ramnath2008">{{cite book|last=Chattopadhyay|title=An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta|url=http://tulikabooks.wordpress.com/catalogue-2/forthcoming/history/an-early-communist-muzaffar-ahmed-in-calcutta-1913%E2%80%931929/|year=2011|publisher=], ]|page=86|first = Suchetana}}</ref> In 1922, the ''Bharat Samyatantra Samiti'' was formed in ] with Ahmed as its secretary. In 1924, he was sentenced to four years in prison because of his role in the ] along with ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Chattopadhyay |first=Suchetana |title=An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta |year=2011 |location=New Delhi |publisher=] |page=}}</ref> He was released due to illness in 1925. In November, 1925 he, along with Kazi Nazrul Islam, ], and others, organized the ] in Bengal.<ref>Mortuza Khaled, A Study in Leadership: Muzaffar Ahmad and the Communist Movement in Bengal, Progressive Publishers, Kolkata 2001</ref> He was one of the main leaders of CPI in the early 1920s along with ] and ].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan|publisher=Shishu Sahitya Samsad|isbn=978-81-7955-135-6|pages=575}}</ref>
⚫ After the ] in 1947, Ahmed moved to ] rather than staying in ] (now Bangladesh). On 25 March 1948, the ] was banned by the ] and Ahmed was imprisoned. He was released from prison in 1951. He was again arrested and imprisoned for two years in 1962, and another time for two years in 1965. He was imprisoned several times in post-] India by the ] government.

⚫ ], ], ] at Calcutta 1937]]
⚫ ], ], Muzaffar Ahmed at Bengal Provincial Conference (1938 December - 1939 January) of CPI at ].]]

⚫ On 20 March 1929, the ] arrested 31 labour activists and sent them to ] for trial. Ahmed was the chief accused, along with S.A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, ] and others, was convicted in this so-called ]. He was released in 1936. He had served the longest term in jail as the chief accused in the Meerut trial.

⚫ ] prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): K. N. Sehgal, ], ], ], ], A. Prasad, ], ]. Middle row: ], Gopen Chakravarti, Kishori Lal Ghosh, L. R. Kadam, D. R. Thengdi, Goura Shanker, ], ], ], Muzaffar Ahmad. Front row: M. G. Desai, D. Goswami, R. S. Nimbkar, ], ], ], Gopal Basak.]]

⚫ After the ] in 1947, Ahmed moved to ] rather than staying in ] (now Bangladesh). On 25 March 1948, the Communist Party of India was banned by the ] and Ahmed was imprisoned. He was released from prison in 1951. He was again arrested and incarcerated for two years in 1962, and another time for two years in 1965. He was imprisoned several times in post-Independence India by the ] government.


==Personal life== ==Personal life==
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==Legacy== ==Legacy==
* Co-founder of the ], 26 December 1925.

⚫ * Founder of the National Book Agency, 26 June 1939.<ref name="nab">{{cite web |title=National Book Agency |url=http://www.nationalbookagency.com/aboutus.html}}</ref>
⚫ * Co-founder of ], 26 December 1925.
⚫ * Founder of National Book Agency, 26 June 1939.<ref name="nab">{{cite web |title=National Book Agency |url=http://www.nationalbookagency.com/aboutus.html}}</ref>
* The headquarters of the ] in ] is named after him. * The headquarters of the ] in ] is named after him.
* Ripon Street, a thoroughfare in ], was renamed "Muzaffar Ahmad Street". * Ripon Street, a thoroughfare in ], was renamed "Muzaffar Ahmad Street".
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* ''Qazi Nazrul Islam: Smritikatha'' (in Bengali).<ref name="knis">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Qazi Nazrul Islam - Smritikatha |date=1967 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata |edition=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.456382}}</ref> * ''Qazi Nazrul Islam: Smritikatha'' (in Bengali).<ref name="knis">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Qazi Nazrul Islam - Smritikatha |date=1967 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata |edition=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.456382}}</ref>
* ''Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party'' (in Bengali).<ref name="ajbcp">{{cite web |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party |url=https://nbabooks.in/product/amar-jiban-o-bharater-communist-party/ |publisher=National Book Agency}}</ref> * ''Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party'' (in Bengali).<ref name="ajbcp">{{cite web |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party |url=https://nbabooks.in/product/amar-jiban-o-bharater-communist-party/ |publisher=National Book Agency}}</ref>
* ''Krishak Samasya'' (in Bengali)<ref name="ks">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Krishak Samasya |date=1954 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hauser |first1=Walter |title=The Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha, 1929-1942 |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780429275937 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Bihar_Provincial_Kisan_Sabha_1929_19/Tn-JDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22krishak+samasya%22+muzaffar+ahmad&pg=PT246&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> * ''Krishak Samasya'' (in Bengali)<ref name="ks">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Krishak Samasya |date=1954 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hauser |first1=Walter |title=The Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha, 1929-1942 |date=2019 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780429275937 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tn-JDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22krishak+samasya%22+muzaffar+ahmad&pg=PT246}}</ref>
* ''Prabase Bharater Communist Party Gathan'' (in Bengali) <ref name="pbcpg">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Prabase Bharater Communist Party Gathan |date=1961 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata |url=https://library.isical.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=118632&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=148786}}</ref> * ''Prabase Bharater Communist Party Gathan'' (in Bengali) <ref name="pbcpg">{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Prabase Bharater Communist Party Gathan |date=1961 |publisher=National Book Agency |location=Kolkata |url=https://library.isical.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=118632&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=148786}}</ref>
* ''Bharater Communist Party Gorar Pratham Jug'' (in Bengali) <ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Bharater Communist Party Gorar Pratham Jug |date=2022 |publisher=Bangla Gabeshana |location=Bangladesh |isbn=9789849616047 |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/225614/communist-party-of-india-years-of-formation-1921-1933}}</ref> * ''Bharater Communist Party Gorar Pratham Jug'' (in Bengali) <ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahmad |first1=Muzaffar |title=Bharater Communist Party Gorar Pratham Jug |date=2022 |publisher=Bangla Gabeshana |location=Bangladesh |isbn=9789849616047 |url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/225614/communist-party-of-india-years-of-formation-1921-1933}}</ref>
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Latest revision as of 11:05, 4 November 2024

Indian politician For other people with similar names, see Muzaffar Ahmed (disambiguation).

Muzaffar Ahmad
Born(1889-08-05)5 August 1889
Sandwip, Chittagong District, Bengal Presidency, British India (current day Bangladesh)
Died18 December 1973(1973-12-18) (aged 84)
Calcutta, West Bengal, India
NationalityIndian
Other namesKakababu
Political partyCommunist Party of India (Marxist)

Communist Party of India (1925-1964)

Labour Swaraj Party (1925)

Muzaffar Ahmad (known as Kakababu; 5 August 1889 – 18 December 1973) was an Indian-Bengali politician, journalist and a co-founder of the Communist Party of India.

Background

Ahmed was born on 5 August 1889 at Musapur village on Sandwip Island in Chittagong District of Bengal Province in the-then British India (in present-day Bangladesh) to Mansur Ali. Ahmed received his early education on Sandwip. He passed matriculation from Noakhali Zilla School in 1913. He studied at Hooghly Mohsin College and then Bangabasi College, but was unsuccessful in the Intermediate in Arts examination and left college.

Career

He participated in political meetings and demonstrations starting in 1916. In 1918, he was appointed assistant secretary of the literary society Bangio Musalman Sahitya Samiti and took responsibility for producing its monthly journal. In 1920, along with Kazi Nazrul Islam, he started a new magazine, Nabajug. Later, when another magazine, Dhumketu, was launched by Nazrul in 1922, he contributed to it using the pseudonym "Dwaipayana".

Ahmed was one of the founders of the Communist Party of India. In 1922, the Bharat Samyatantra Samiti was formed in Calcutta with Ahmed as its secretary. In 1924, he was sentenced to four years in prison because of his role in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case along with S.A. Dange, Nalini Gupta and Shaukat Usmani. He was released due to illness in 1925. In November, 1925 he, along with Kazi Nazrul Islam, Hemanta Kumar Sarkar, and others, organized the Labour Swaraj Party in Bengal. He was one of the main leaders of CPI in the early 1920s along with Abdul Halim and Abdur Rezzak Khan.

(From left to right) Muzaffar Ahmed, Bankim Mukherjee, P. C. Joshi, Somnath Lahiri at Calcutta 1937
(From left to right) Abdul Halim, Saroj Mukherjee, Muzaffar Ahmed at Bengal Provincial Conference (1938 December - 1939 January) of CPI at Chandarnagore.

On 20 March 1929, the British colonial government arrested 31 labour activists and sent them to Meerut for trial. Ahmed was the chief accused, along with S.A. Dange, Shaukat Usmani, P.C. Joshi and others, was convicted in this so-called Meerut Conspiracy Case. He was released in 1936. He had served the longest term in jail as the chief accused in the Meerut trial.

Portrait of 25 of the Meerut prisoners taken outside the jail. Back row (left to right): K. N. Sehgal, S. S. Josh, H. L. Hutchinson, Shaukat Usmani, B. F. Bradley, A. Prasad, P. Spratt, G. Adhikari. Middle row: R. R. Mitra, Gopen Chakravarti, Kishori Lal Ghosh, L. R. Kadam, D. R. Thengdi, Goura Shanker, S. Bannerjee, K. N. Joglekar, P. C. Joshi, Muzaffar Ahmad. Front row: M. G. Desai, D. Goswami, R. S. Nimbkar, S. S. Mirajkar, S. A. Dange, S. V. Ghate, Gopal Basak.

After the partition of India in 1947, Ahmed moved to Kolkata rather than staying in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). On 25 March 1948, the Communist Party of India was banned by the government of India and Ahmed was imprisoned. He was released from prison in 1951. He was again arrested and incarcerated for two years in 1962, and another time for two years in 1965. He was imprisoned several times in post-Independence India by the Congress government.

Personal life

Ahmed had a daughter, Nargis. She was married to the poet Abdul Quadir.

Legacy

Selected works

  • Qazi Nazrul Islam: Smritikatha (in Bengali).
  • Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party (in Bengali).
  • Krishak Samasya (in Bengali)
  • Prabase Bharater Communist Party Gathan (in Bengali)
  • Bharater Communist Party Gorar Pratham Jug (in Bengali)
  • Nirbachita Prabandha (in Bengali)

References

  1. ^ Roy, Ranjit (2012). "Ahmed, Comrade Muzaffar". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  2. Muzaffar Ahmad (in Bengali). Kolkata: National Book Agency. 1963. p. 2.
  3. ^ Singh, Nagendra Kr., ed. (2001). "Ahmad, Muzaffar (1889–1973)". Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. Vol. I. New Delhi: A. P. H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 281–283. ISBN 81-7648-231-5.
  4. Chattopadhyay, Suchetana (2011). An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta. Tulika Books, Delhi. p. 86.
  5. Chattopadhyay, Suchetana (2011). An Early Communist: Muzaffar Ahmad in Calcutta. New Delhi: Tulika Books.
  6. Mortuza Khaled, A Study in Leadership: Muzaffar Ahmad and the Communist Movement in Bengal, Progressive Publishers, Kolkata 2001
  7. Samsad Bangali Charitabhidhan. Shishu Sahitya Samsad. p. 575. ISBN 978-81-7955-135-6.
  8. ^ "Remembering Abdul Quadir: Life and Anecdotes". The Daily Star. 1 June 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  9. "National Book Agency".
  10. Ahmad, Muzaffar (1967). Qazi Nazrul Islam - Smritikatha (2 ed.). Kolkata: National Book Agency.
  11. Ahmad, Muzaffar. "Amar Jiban O Bharater Communist Party". National Book Agency.
  12. Ahmad, Muzaffar (1954). Krishak Samasya. Kolkata: National Book Agency.
  13. Hauser, Walter (2019). The Bihar Provincial Kisan Sabha, 1929-1942. Routledge. ISBN 9780429275937.
  14. Ahmad, Muzaffar (1961). Prabase Bharater Communist Party Gathan. Kolkata: National Book Agency.
  15. Ahmad, Muzaffar (2022). Bharater Communist Party Gorar Pratham Jug. Bangladesh: Bangla Gabeshana. ISBN 9789849616047.
  16. Ahmad, Muzaffar (2011). Nirbachita Prabandha. Kolkata: National Book Agency.
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