| Revision as of 22:00, 22 August 2017 editNewYorkActuary (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users21,721 edits Undid revision 796758881 by Chem-is-try7 (talk) please let the discussion on the Talk page run its course← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 21:04, 4 November 2024 edit undoRevelationDirect (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users173,614 edits removed Category:Distilled drinks using HotCat Already in more specific subcategory | ||
| (58 intermediate revisions by 24 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| #REDIRECT ] | |||
| <noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Chios Mastica Liqueur|2=Talk:Chios Mastiha#Requested move 22 August 2017 }} | |||
| </noinclude> | |||
| ]'']] | |||
| '''Chios Mastiha''' is a variant of ] which has a ] status in the ].<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/list.html;comboName=Masticha%20Chiou</ref> The main flavourings used in Chios Mastiha liqueur, mastic distillate and mastic oil, are wholly derived from ] Chios ].<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/list.html;comboName=Masticha%20Chiou</ref> | |||
| Mastic is harvested from the ] (Pistachia lentiscus var. chia), a small evergreen shrub that grows to about two to three meters on rocky terrain on the southern part of the island of ]. This tree takes fifty years to reach maturity, and can be harvested for mastic from its fifth year onwards. Although the mastic tree can be found around the ], the variety that produces the aromatic mastic sap only grows in the southern part of Chios. Chios mastic has also been certified by the Agricultural Products Certification and Supervision Organization as part of the ].<ref>http://www.agrocert.gr/pages/category.asp?lang=en</ref> | |||
| {{R from merge}} | |||
| Chios Mastiha liqueur is served cold and has a crystal clear colour and a sweet aroma. The ingredients are mastic oil and/or distillate, water, alcohol and sugar. | |||
| {{R to section}} | |||
| Mastic is also used for ], and in cooking and baking. | |||
| ==Producers and distributors== | |||
| <!-- Deleted image removed: ] --> | |||
| ===Chios=== | |||
| *'''The Growers' Spirit''' is a producing company run by the Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association (CGMGA).<ref>https://mastihaworld.co.uk/</ref> The CGMGA offers Mastiha liqueur made with both mastic distillate and mastic oil in two different variants: ''Kentos'' (20% alcohol) and ''Enosis'' (30% alcohol). | |||
| *'''Stoupakis Chios Distillery''' produces ''Homeric Mastiha'', which contains mastic distillate. | |||
| ===Wider Greece=== | |||
| *'''Skinos''', based in ]. | |||
| *'''Finest Roots''', based in ], produces ''Roots Mastiha''. | |||
| *'''Mavrakis''', based in ]. | |||
| ===United States=== | |||
| *'''Ambrosia Group''', based in Miami, produces ''FOS Greek Mastiha''.<ref>http://www.miaminewtimes.com/restaurants/fos-greek-mastiha-go-greek-at-the-setai-8141535</ref> | |||
| *'''YA Mastiha''' | |||
| ==History== | |||
| {{Infobox Greek Dimos | |||
| |name = Chios (''Χίος'') | |||
| |periph = ] | |||
| |periphunit = ] | |||
| |website = | |||
| |image_skyline = ChiosPrefecture.jpg | |||
| }} | |||
| Mastic has been harvested for at least 2,500 years since Greek Antiquity. The first mention of actual mastic 'tears' was by ]. Hippocrates used mastic for the prevention of digestive problems, colds and as a breath freshener. Roman emperors used mastic along with honey, pepper, and egg in the spiced wine ]. Under the Byzantine Empire, the trade of mastic was made the emperor’s monopoly. In the Ottoman Empire, the sultan gathered the finest mastic crop to send it to his harem. | |||
| At present, there are twenty-four ] on the island of Chios, which have been dedicated to the cultivation and production of mastic since the Byzantine era. These villages are fortress-like, out of sight from the sea, surrounded by high walls and with no doors at street level, meaning that the villages were entered only by ladders) in order to protect the sap from invaders. Although the liqueur is much younger, it is still tied up with Greek history. Digestive liqueurs, similar to Mastiha but made with grapes, were known as the Greek elixirs before the French Revolution. | |||
| ==Harvest== | |||
| ] | |||
| Producing the mastic resin is a whole-year process for the local growers. The harvest is known as ''kentos'' and starts in early summer when local growers start clearing the area beneath the trees, and create a chalky protective bed for the sap using a fine white ], which they carry from a different part of the island. They then make small incisions in the mastic trees' trunks and branches to release the sap. As these clear drops hang from the tree, and sparkle in the sunlight, they are said to resemble crystalline teardrops; for this reason, the mastic sap is known as the “tears of Chios”. It takes about 15–20 days for the first sap crystals to harden and fall to the argil bed. The farmers then wash the tears in natural spring water, and spend most of the winter cleaning and separating the tears from the sand. This cleaning process is performed by hand and is regulated by the legislative framework of the Mastic Growers’ Association. | |||
| ==Mastichochoria== | |||
| ] | |||
| The island's mastic production is controlled by a co-operative of medieval villages, collectively known as the 'Mastichochoria (Μαστιχοχώρια), which is also located in southern Chios. There is a small Museum of Mastic in the village of Pyrgi. | |||
| ===Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association=== | |||
| Founded in 1938, the Chios Gum Mastic Growers Association (''Ένωση Μαστιχοπαραγωγών Χίου''), abbreviated ''CGMGA'', is a secondary cooperative organisation and acts as the collective representative organ of twenty primary cooperatives founded in the twenty-four mastiha villages (''Mastichochoria'') of southern Chios. With 4,959 members in 2003<ref>{{cite book |last=Belles |first=Christos |authorlink=Christos Belles |date=2005 |title=Mastiha Island |location=Athens |publisher=Ellinika Gramatta Press |pages=212–13 |isbn=978-960-89048-9-7}}</ref> | |||
| , it has the exclusive management of natural Chios Mastiha in Greece and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gummastic.gr/en/company/entity |title=Mastiha Growers Association |website=www.gummastic.gr|date= |accessdate=2016-06-20}}</ref> Its international equivalent in French is the ''Union des Producteurs de Gomme Mastic de Chio''. | |||
| The organisation is mainly involved with the management of the agricultural production, supporting local growers, stimulating research, and providing legal assistance. | |||
| ====List of mastic villages==== | |||
| Number of members per cooperative village in 2003:<ref>{{cite book |last=Belles |first=Christos |authorlink=Christos Belles |date=2005 |title=Mastiha Island |location=Athens |publisher=Ellinika Gramatta Press |page=213 |isbn=978-960-89048-9-7}}</ref> | |||
| * Mesta (230) | |||
| * Olimpi (178) | |||
| * Pirgi (648) | |||
| * Armolia (148) | |||
| * Kalamoti (367) | |||
| * Patrika (99) | |||
| * Kini (167) | |||
| * Vouno (233) | |||
| * Nenita (350) | |||
| * Katarraktis (213) | |||
| * Kallimassia (450) | |||
| * Messa Didima (145) | |||
| * Ekso Didima (81) | |||
| * Mirmigi (109) | |||
| * Tholopotami (254) | |||
| * Agios Georgios (387) | |||
| * Vessa (155) | |||
| * Elata (229) | |||
| * Lithi (131) | |||
| * Neochorio (385) | |||
| Members in total: 4959 | |||
| ====Management structure==== | |||
| The CGMGA has a Board of Directors consisting of nine members. Three members are permanent: these are the Director of the Agricultural Service, the technical supervisor of the ATE bank and the Commissioner of NCGAC. The other six board positions are elective.<ref>{{cite book |last=Belles |first=Christos |authorlink=Christos Belles |date=2005 |title=Mastiha Island |location=Athens |publisher=Ellinika Gramatta Press |pages=210–11 |isbn=978-960-89048-9-7}}</ref> | |||
| ===Imitations and substitutes=== | |||
| The rarity of mastic and the difficulty of its production make it expensive. As a result, other resins such as ] or ] may appear in the market, sold as mastic. Other substances, such as ], ], ] and ], are sometimes used in place of mastic.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} | |||
| ==Museum of Mastic== | |||
| On 11 June 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2016/06/11/chios-mastic-museum-opened-its-doors-on-june-11th/ |title=Chios Mastic Museum Opened Its Doors on June 11th |author=Evgenia Choros |date= |accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref> the Chios Mastic Museum (''Μουσείο Μαστίχας Χίου'') opened its doors in Rachi, on the southern part of Chios in the region of the Mastichochoria. It offers a permanent exhibition about mastic production on the island, explaining its history and cultivation techniques as well as demonstrating its different uses today.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.piop.gr/en/diktuo-mouseiwn/Mouseio-Mastixas-Xiou/to-mouseio.aspx |title=The Chios Mastiha Museum |date= |accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| <references/> | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:04, 4 November 2024
Redirect to:
- From a merge: This is a redirect from a page that was merged into another page. This redirect was kept in order to preserve the edit history of this page after its content was merged into the content of the target page. Please do not remove the tag that generates this text (unless the need to recreate content on this page has been demonstrated) or delete this page.
- For redirects with substantive page histories that did not result from page merges use {{R with history}} instead.
- To a section: This is a redirect from a topic that does not have its own page to a section of a page on the subject. For redirects to embedded anchors on a page, use {{R to anchor}} instead.