Municipal police (Italy): Difference between revisions

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			{{Short description\|Italian municipal police}}
	]
			{{Infobox law enforcement agency
	]
			\| agencyname = ''Polizia municipale''
	] in ]]]
			\| nativename =
			\| nativenamea = ''Polizia locale''
			\| nativenamer =
			\| commonname =
			\| abbreviation = PL
			\| patch =
			\| patchcaption =
			\| logo = Spilla Pegaso.jpg
			\| logocaption = The Italian Local Police coat of arms
			\| badge = Paletta segnaletica della polizia municipale.png
			\| badgecaption = The signal of a police control by the municipal police
			\| flag = Italian traffic signs - icona polizia municipale (figura II 111).svg
			\| flagcaption = Traffic signs of a municipal police station
			\| imagesize =
			\| motto = ARS NOSTRA VIS URBIS (Latin)
			\| mottotranslated =
			\| mission =
			\| formedyear = 1861
			\| formedmonthday =
			\| preceding1 =
			\| dissolved =
			\| superseding =
			\| employees = 50.000
			\| volunteers =
			\| budget = Different by municipal governememt
			\| nongovernment =
			\| country = Italy
			\| countryabbr = Italy
			\| national = No
			\| map =
			\| mapcaption =
			\| sizearea =
			\| sizepopulation =
			\| legaljuris =
			\| governingbody =
			\| governingbodyscnd =
			\| constitution1 =
			\| police = Yes
			\| local = Yes
			\| oversighttype =
			\| oversightbody = Municipality
			\| headquarters =
			\| hqlocmap =
			\| hqlocleft =
			\| hqloctop =
			\| hqlocmappoptitle =
			\| sworntype =
			\| sworn =
			\| unsworntype =
			\| unsworn =
			\| electeetype =
			\| minister1name = Mayor
			\| minister1pfo =
			\| chief1name = Commander/service director
			\| chief1position =
			\| parentagency = Municipal government
			\| child1agency =
			\| child2agency =
			\| child3agency =
			\| child4agency =
			\| child5agency =
			\| unittype =
			\| unitname =
			\| officetype =
			\| officename =
			\| provideragency =
			\| uniformedas =
			\| stationtype =
			\| stations =
			\| airbases =
			\| lockuptype =
			\| lockups =
			\| vehicle1type =
			\| vehicles1 =
			\| boat1type =
			\| boats1 =
			\| aircraft1type =
			\| aircraft1 =
			\| animal1type =
			\| animals1 =
			\| person1name =
			\| person1reason =
			\| person1type =
			\| programme1 =
			\| activity1name = Traffic controls, public documents notification, public order and security, civilian police
			\| activitytype = Role
			\| anniversary1 = Saint Sebastian
			\| award1 =
			\| website = www.poliziamunicipale.it (not official)
			\| footnotes =
			\| reference =
			}}

			In ], '''''polizia municipale''''', '''''vigili urbani''''' and '''''polizia locale''''' are police of the various '']'' (municipalities).

			They are, in effect, the local police and work alongside the Ministry of Interior's ] the Ministry of Justice's ], the Ministry of Defence's ], the Ministry of Finance's ] and other emergency services.

			==Overview==
	].]]		].]]
	In ], '''municipal police''' (]: ''polizia municipale'') are responsible to the mayors of the various ].

	Some municipal police forces in Italy trace historical origins to the '']'' and '']'' of ].<ref>Daniel Donnelly, ''Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives'' (2013), p. 34.</ref> Italian municipal forces go by various names, such as ''polizia communa'' (] police), ''policia urbana'' (urban police), and ''polizia locale'' (local police).<ref>Daniel Donnelly, ''Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives'' (2013), pp. 4, 34.</ref> Prior to the 1990s, municipal policing in Italy has a marginal role and was viewed as low-level; since that time, the strength and reputation of the municipal policy has been enhanced, particularly in ] and ].<ref name=DevroePonsaers>Elke Devroe & Paul Ponsaers, "European national police systems and metropolitan realities" in ''Policing European Metropolises: The Politics of Security in City-Regions'' (eds. Elke Devroe, Adam Edwards & Paul Ponsaers: Routledge, 2017), pp. 32-33.</ref>		Some municipal police forces in Italy trace historical origins to the '']'' and '']'' of ].<ref>Daniel Donnelly, ''Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives'' (2013), p. 34.</ref>

			Urban policing emerged in the 13th to 14th centuries in the Italian ]s (such as ]); although police forces have been assumed to be a modern innovation, these medieval forces had some similarities to modern police forces.<ref>Gregory Roberts, ''Police Power in the Italian Communes, 1228-1326'' (Amsterdam University Press, 2019).</ref> Today, Italian municipal forces go by various names, such as ''polizia comunale'' (comune police), ''polizia urbana'' (urban police), and ''polizia locale'' (local police).<ref>Daniel Donnelly, ''Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives'' (2013), pp. 4, 34.</ref>
			] directing traffic.]]
			in Sardinia, the ] operate as one of the oldest rural police forces in Europe.

			==Function==
			] in ]]]

			These are bodies that are established by Italian local authorities and the central functions of municipal police are administrative in character, including ] and responsibilities relating to licenses and urban regulations.<ref name=DevroePonsaers/>

			The municipal police also serve as auxiliaries to security police forces and have responsibilities for local ] and ].<ref name=DevroePonsaers/> The competence (jurisdiction) of municipal police are limited to their specific municipality.<ref name=DevroePonsaers>Elke Devroe & Paul Ponsaers, "European national police systems and metropolitan realities" in ''Policing European Metropolises: The Politics of Security in City-Regions'' (eds. Elke Devroe, Adam Edwards & Paul Ponsaers: Routledge, 2017), pp. 32-33.</ref>

			Prior to the 1990s, municipal policing in Italy had a marginal role and was viewed as low-level in comparison to the ], ], and other police forces; since that time, the strength and reputation of the municipal policy has been enhanced, particularly in ] and ].<ref name=DevroePonsaers/>
			]

			==Numbers==
			] motorbike. Notice the boots and white belt.]]

			There are roughly 50,000 municipal police officers in Italy; since 2011, the ] have been exclusively responsible for coordinating, organizing, and training municipal police.<ref name=DevroePonsaers/>

			==Equipment==
			]

			Like most Italian police forces, the Polizia Municipale use a variety of police equipment for the execution of their duties. These include:

			*motor vehicles - typically ]s, ] or ]
			*firearms and personal defence equipment - more recently local police are being armed, like the state police forces
			*uniform - this varies between each municipality but often features white belts and white-topped caps
			*other equipment - such as the ''paletta'' (white 'lollipop' stick to direct traffic)

			Each commune has slightly different uniforms and equipment, unlike the state's police forces, as each Polizia Municipale is controlled locally, not by central government.

			===Vehicles===
			]].]]].]]

			Most local police vehicles are white marked with green, blue, or red stripes with logos. Some forces use blue, vehicles almost always with white stripes.

			Most vehicles are equipped with blue flashing beacons, or a lightbar, sometimes a spotlight and a two-tone (hi-lo) siren (sirena), as well as a radio.

			There are various types of police vehicle used by different local government areas. The following types are used:

			*] ], ], ]<ref name="flickr.com">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.flickr.com/groups/2508559@N21/pool/\|title = Polizia Municipale/Locale\|newspaper = Flickr}}</ref>
			*]<ref name="flickr.com"/>
			*]<ref name="flickr.com"/> Vivaro
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*] Motorcycles

			]

			===Firearms and Equipment===
			As is customary with most European and Italian police forces, most agents are now armed with a personal protection weapon - a pistol.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://ecoaltomolise.net/sindaco-acquista-pistole-la-polizia-locale-solito-pd-buonista-grida-allo-scandalo/\|title=Il sindaco acquista pistole per la Polizia locale e il solito Pd buonista grida allo scandalo\|date=15 April 2020}}</ref> This has not always been the case, but is becoming more common practice.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.civatenews.com/2017/02/01/pistole-alla-polizia-locale-lopinione-dei-civatesi-tra-favorevoli-e-contrari/\|title = Pistole Alla Polizia Locale, l'Opinione dei Civatesi Tra Favorevoli e Contrari}}</ref><ref name="gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it">{{Cite web\|url=https://gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it/mantova/cronaca/2018/01/06/news/la-polizia-locale-ora-e-armata-il-comune-acquista-due-pistole-1.16318428\|title=La polizia locale ora è armata. Il Comune acquista due pistole\|date=6 January 2018}}</ref>
			This is generally worn in a pistol holster on a belt, or slung from a tunic pocket flap, often on the left-hand side in Italian fashion, to allow for cross-draw of the weapon.<ref>https://www.civatenews.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/polizia-locale-pistola-2-777x437.jpg {{Bare URL image\|date=March 2022}}</ref>

			Local police officers and officers in possession of the status of " public security officer ", issued by the prefect at the request of the mayor, can carry without a license the firearm assigned personally for self-defence.

			The choice regarding the arming of the police force is up to the '''individual municipal councils''', which regulate the quantity, the model and the occasions in which the armed service is provided. It is allowed to equip the local police corps with short weapons such as ]s or ]s for personal defence reasons, while the provision of long guns is allowed only for rural and hunting police services.

			The local police regulations approved by the city council may also provide for the provision of defensive tactical tools and aids that cannot be classified as weapons, such as the ] and ]s.

			These devices must comply with certain low-harmfulness requirements established by law and the specific municipal regulation must be sent to the prefect.

			The individual municipal regulations also establish the types of services to be provided in arms (usually no arming is provided for representation services or on the occasion of particular ceremonies).

			The decree law 4 October 2018, n. 113 - converted into law 1 December 2018, n. 132 - Italian municipalities - with more than 90,000 inhabitants - were given the right to equip agents with ]s on an experimental basis.

			Some ]s/]s are also issued, but this is less common.

			Local Police weapons include:
			*]<ref name="gazzettadimantova.gelocal.it"/>
			*]
			*]<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.armietiro.it/bt-apc-9-per-la-polizia-locale-di-cittadella-10340\|title=B&T Apc 9 per la Polizia locale di Cittadella\|date=8 December 2018}}</ref>

			] are also carried,<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.triesteallnews.it/2019/03/30/polizia-locale-tonfa-in-pensione-al-via-il-bastone-estensibile/\|title = Polizia Locale: "tonfa" in pensione, al via il bastone estensibile - TRIESTE.news\| date=30 March 2019 }}</ref> along with ], but the most noticeable piece of equipment is probably the '']'', a red and white stop sign used to stop and direct traffic.

			Radios are used, as well as whistles, notebooks and pens.

			==Uniforms==
			]s in dress uniform.]]].]]

			Uniforms vary greatly between each Polizia Locale, but the common features include:<ref>https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQcZ5PpYesgUzvLGXj6-UloAIEaLE-yHJXoA&usqp=CAU {{Bare URL image\|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>https://www.repstatic.it/content/localirep/img/rep-parma/2016/02/23/144354522-205eae90-8ca2-4851-b961-e68486f5c33f.jpg {{Bare URL image\|date=March 2022}}</ref>

			*White helmet (similar to the British ]) - used for traffic duties and ceremonies.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-two-female-police-officers-on-the-ponte-vecchio-florence-tuscany-italy-143099741.html\|title = Two female police officers on the Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe Stock Photo - Alamy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-two-male-florence-italy-police-officers-patrol-the-street-near-the-37340172.html\|title=Two male Florence, Italy police officers patrol the street near the Duomo on foot Stock Photo - Alamy}}</ref>
			*White-topped, yellow-topped or blue-topped peaked cap (for males) or ] cap (for females)
			*Blue beret
			*Blue baseball cap


			*White or Dark Blue Tunics
			*Blue or White Shirts
			*NATO jumpers
			*Polo-shirts
			*Jackets
			*Trousers
			*Coats
			*Black boots/shoes
			*High-visibility vest


			*White/black gloves
			*White ] or ]
			*Black belt

			]

	==See also==		==See also==
	*]		*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]

	==Notes==		==Notes==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	{{Commons category inline\|Municipal police in Italy}}		{{Commons category-inline\|Municipal police in Italy}}
	{{Law enforcement in Italy}}		{{Law enforcement in Italy}}

	]		]
	]		]

	]		]

Latest revision as of 23:47, 4 November 2024

Italian municipal police Law enforcement agency

Polizia municipale Polizia locale
The Italian Local Police coat of arms
The signal of a police control by the municipal police
Traffic signs of a municipal police station
Abbreviation	PL
Motto	ARS NOSTRA VIS URBIS (Latin)
Agency overview
Formed	1861
Employees	50.000
Annual budget	Different by municipal governememt
Jurisdictional structure
National agency	Italy
Operations jurisdiction	Italy
General nature	Local civilian police
Operational structure
Overseen by	Municipality
Elected officer responsible	Mayor
Agency executive	Commander/service director
Parent agency	Municipal government
Notables
Significant Role	Traffic controls, public documents notification, public order and security, civilian police
Anniversary	Saint Sebastian
Website
www.poliziamunicipale.it (not official)

In Italy, polizia municipale, vigili urbani and polizia locale are police of the various comuni (municipalities).

They are, in effect, the local police and work alongside the Ministry of Interior's Polizia di Stato the Ministry of Justice's Polizia Penitenziaria, the Ministry of Defence's Carabinieri, the Ministry of Finance's Guardia di Finanza and other emergency services.

Overview

Some municipal police forces in Italy trace historical origins to the vigili urbani and comes stabili of ancient Rome.

Urban policing emerged in the 13th to 14th centuries in the Italian comunes (such as Bologna); although police forces have been assumed to be a modern innovation, these medieval forces had some similarities to modern police forces. Today, Italian municipal forces go by various names, such as polizia comunale (comune police), polizia urbana (urban police), and polizia locale (local police).

in Sardinia, the Compagnie Barracellari operate as one of the oldest rural police forces in Europe.

Function

These are bodies that are established by Italian local authorities and the central functions of municipal police are administrative in character, including traffic control and responsibilities relating to licenses and urban regulations.

The municipal police also serve as auxiliaries to security police forces and have responsibilities for local crime prevention and community policing. The competence (jurisdiction) of municipal police are limited to their specific municipality.

Prior to the 1990s, municipal policing in Italy had a marginal role and was viewed as low-level in comparison to the Carabinieri, Polizia di Stato, and other police forces; since that time, the strength and reputation of the municipal policy has been enhanced, particularly in central and northern Italy.

Numbers

There are roughly 50,000 municipal police officers in Italy; since 2011, the Italian regions have been exclusively responsible for coordinating, organizing, and training municipal police.

Equipment

Like most Italian police forces, the Polizia Municipale use a variety of police equipment for the execution of their duties. These include:

motor vehicles - typically Fiats, Renault or Alfa Romeo
firearms and personal defence equipment - more recently local police are being armed, like the state police forces
uniform - this varies between each municipality but often features white belts and white-topped caps
other equipment - such as the paletta (white 'lollipop' stick to direct traffic)

Each commune has slightly different uniforms and equipment, unlike the state's police forces, as each Polizia Municipale is controlled locally, not by central government.

Vehicles

Most local police vehicles are white marked with green, blue, or red stripes with logos. Some forces use blue, vehicles almost always with white stripes.

Most vehicles are equipped with blue flashing beacons, or a lightbar, sometimes a spotlight and a two-tone (hi-lo) siren (sirena), as well as a radio.

There are various types of police vehicle used by different local government areas. The following types are used:

Firearms and Equipment

As is customary with most European and Italian police forces, most agents are now armed with a personal protection weapon - a pistol. This has not always been the case, but is becoming more common practice. This is generally worn in a pistol holster on a belt, or slung from a tunic pocket flap, often on the left-hand side in Italian fashion, to allow for cross-draw of the weapon.

Local police officers and officers in possession of the status of " public security officer ", issued by the prefect at the request of the mayor, can carry without a license the firearm assigned personally for self-defence.

The choice regarding the arming of the police force is up to the individual municipal councils, which regulate the quantity, the model and the occasions in which the armed service is provided. It is allowed to equip the local police corps with short weapons such as semi-automatic pistols or revolvers for personal defence reasons, while the provision of long guns is allowed only for rural and hunting police services.

The local police regulations approved by the city council may also provide for the provision of defensive tactical tools and aids that cannot be classified as weapons, such as the OC anti-aggression spray and extendable batons.

These devices must comply with certain low-harmfulness requirements established by law and the specific municipal regulation must be sent to the prefect.

The individual municipal regulations also establish the types of services to be provided in arms (usually no arming is provided for representation services or on the occasion of particular ceremonies).

The decree law 4 October 2018, n. 113 - converted into law 1 December 2018, n. 132 - Italian municipalities - with more than 90,000 inhabitants - were given the right to equip agents with tasers on an experimental basis.

Some sub-machine guns/machine-pistols are also issued, but this is less common.

Local Police weapons include:

Batons are also carried, along with handcuffs, but the most noticeable piece of equipment is probably the paletta, a red and white stop sign used to stop and direct traffic.

Radios are used, as well as whistles, notebooks and pens.

Uniforms

Uniforms vary greatly between each Polizia Locale, but the common features include:

White helmet (similar to the British custodian helmet) - used for traffic duties and ceremonies.
White-topped, yellow-topped or blue-topped peaked cap (for males) or bowler cap (for females)
Blue beret
Blue baseball cap

White or Dark Blue Tunics
Blue or White Shirts
NATO jumpers
Polo-shirts
Jackets
Trousers
Coats
Black boots/shoes
High-visibility vest

White/black gloves
White waist or Sam Browne belt
Black belt

Notes

Daniel Donnelly, Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives (2013), p. 34.
Gregory Roberts, Police Power in the Italian Communes, 1228-1326 (Amsterdam University Press, 2019).
Daniel Donnelly, Municipal Policing in the European Union: Comparative Perspectives (2013), pp. 4, 34.
^ Elke Devroe & Paul Ponsaers, "European national police systems and metropolitan realities" in Policing European Metropolises: The Politics of Security in City-Regions (eds. Elke Devroe, Adam Edwards & Paul Ponsaers: Routledge, 2017), pp. 32-33.
^ "Polizia Municipale/Locale". Flickr.
"Il sindaco acquista pistole per la Polizia locale e il solito Pd buonista grida allo scandalo". 15 April 2020.
"Pistole Alla Polizia Locale, l'Opinione dei Civatesi Tra Favorevoli e Contrari".
^ "La polizia locale ora è armata. Il Comune acquista due pistole". 6 January 2018.
https://www.civatenews.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/polizia-locale-pistola-2-777x437.jpg
"B&T Apc 9 per la Polizia locale di Cittadella". 8 December 2018.
"Polizia Locale: "tonfa" in pensione, al via il bastone estensibile - TRIESTE.news". 30 March 2019.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQcZ5PpYesgUzvLGXj6-UloAIEaLE-yHJXoA&usqp=CAU
https://www.repstatic.it/content/localirep/img/rep-parma/2016/02/23/144354522-205eae90-8ca2-4851-b961-e68486f5c33f.jpg
"Two female police officers on the Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, Europe Stock Photo - Alamy".
"Two male Florence, Italy police officers patrol the street near the Duomo on foot Stock Photo - Alamy".

External links

Media related to Municipal police in Italy at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Law enforcement in Italy
Polizia di Stato	Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza (NOCS) Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali (DIGOS) Polizia Ferroviaria Polizia Stradale Polizia Postale Mobile squads	Law enforcement in Italy
Arma dei Carabinieri	Raggruppamento Operativo Speciale (ROS) Gruppo di intervento speciale (GIS) Cuirassiers Regiment 1st Carabinieri Mobile Brigade 2nd Carabinieri Mobile Brigade Forestry Carabinieri
Guardia di Finanza	Antiterrorismo Pronto Impiego (ATPI) Gruppo di investigazione criminalità organizzata (GICO)
Others	Polizia Penitenziaria Polizia Provinciale Polizia Municipale Compagnia barracellare Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard Regional Forestry Corps Police ranks of Italy

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