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| '''Nina Sergeyevna Lugovskaya''' ({{ |
'''Nina Sergeyevna Lugovskaya''' ({{langx|ru|Нина Серге́евна Луговская}}; 25{{nbsp}}December 1918{{snd}}27{{nbsp}}December 1993) was a Soviet painter and theatre designer, in addition to being a survivor of the ]. During ]'s ], Lugovskaya was the author of a diary, which was discovered by the Soviet ] and used to convict her entire family of ].<ref name=N>, Nina Lugovskai︠a︡. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006. p. 16, 21, 30, 42, 35-36, 56, 59-60, 61, 62, 71, 80, 119, 130, 253-254. Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> After surviving ], Lugovskaya studied at Serpukhov Art School and in 1977 joined the ]. After the ], her diary was discovered intact inside the NKVD's file on her family. It was published in 2003, and resulted in Nina being called "the ] of Russia."<ref>, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Jeffrey Shandler. Indiana University Press, 2012. p. 12. Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> | ||
| == Family and early life == | == Family and early life == | ||
| Nina's parents were educated professionals. Her father, Sergei Rybin-Lugovskoi, was an economist<ref name=R /> and passionate supporter of the ], while her mother, Lyubov Lugovskaya, was an educator. Nina had two older twin sisters, Olga and Yevgenia (also called Lyalya and Zhenya), born in 1915.<ref name=G /> | Nina's parents were educated professionals. Her father, Sergei Rybin-Lugovskoi, was an economist<ref name=R /> and passionate supporter of the ], while her mother, Lyubov Lugovskaya, was an educator. Nina had two older twin sisters, Olga and Yevgenia (also called Lyalya and Zhenya), born in 1915.<ref name=G /> | ||
| Sergei was first arrested in 1917, prior to the revolution, and after it held a government |
Sergei was first arrested in 1917, prior to the revolution, and after it held a government position, only to be arrested and exiled again in 1919. After three years, he returned and the family located to Moscow where he ran a bakery cooperative, employing 400 people. After economic nationalization in 1928, the business was closed, and Sergei was arrested and exiled again to a town north of Moscow. This is where Nina began writing her diaries.<ref name=G /> In 1935 Sergei was arrested and imprisoned in Moscow, where Nina visited him shortly before his exile to ].<ref name=R>, Martin McCauley. Routledge, Jan 14, 2014. p. 146. Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> | ||
| Although she had many friends, Nina suffered from ], and repeatedly confided her suicidal fantasies to her diary. Nina further suffered from ], which made her very self-conscious{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. In her diary, she often confided her hatred for Stalin and the ]. These beliefs came from witnessing the ]'s repeated harassment and internal exile of her father, who had been a ] during the 1920s.<ref name=N /> | Although she had many friends, Nina suffered from ], and repeatedly confided her suicidal fantasies to her diary. Nina further suffered from ], which made her very self-conscious{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}. In her diary, she often confided her hatred for Stalin and the ]. These beliefs came from witnessing the ]'s repeated harassment and internal exile of her father, who had been a ] during the 1920s.<ref name=N /> | ||
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| Nina worked as an artist in theaters at Magadan, Sterlitamak, in the Perm region. While decorating the Magadan theater, Nina met with painter ], and began to consider herself his pupil. | Nina worked as an artist in theaters at Magadan, Sterlitamak, in the Perm region. While decorating the Magadan theater, Nina met with painter ], and began to consider herself his pupil. | ||
| After 1957, Viktor and Nina lived in ]. She was formally ] in 1963 after sending a personal appeal to ], who overturned her conviction, citing "unproven accusations".<ref name=N /><ref name=G>, Jennifer Helgren, Colleen A. Vasconcellos. Rutgers University Press, 2010. pgs. 142-161. Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> She became a member{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} of the Soviet Union of Artists in 1977 and held several solo exhibitions during the 1970s and 1980s, where her paintings were featured prominently in several buildings and the public library.<ref name=N /><ref name=G /> Those who knew Nina and Viktor in their later years were unaware of their experiences in the GULAG. Both of them lived to witness the ] in 1991.<ref name=N /> | After 1957, Viktor and Nina lived in ]. She was formally ] in 1963 after sending a personal appeal to ], who overturned her conviction, citing "unproven accusations".<ref name=N /><ref name=G>, Jennifer Helgren, Colleen A. Vasconcellos. Rutgers University Press, 2010. pgs. 142-161. Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> She became a member{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} of the Soviet Union of Artists in 1977 and held several solo exhibitions during the 1970s and 1980s, where her paintings were featured prominently in several buildings and the public library.<ref name=N /><ref name=G /> Those who knew Nina and Viktor in their later years were unaware of their experiences in the GULAG. Both of them lived to witness the ] in 1991.<ref name=N /> | ||
| == Death == | == Death == | ||
| Nina |
Nina Templina died on 27 December 1993 and was buried in the Ulybyshevo cemetery near ].{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} | ||
| == Diary == | |||
| == Publication of the diary == | |||
| After Nina's death, her diary was found in Soviet archives by ], an activist with the human rights organisation ]. At the time, Osipova was conducting research into opposition to ] and uprisings in the ]. Deeply impressed by the diary, Osipova decided to publish it. | After Nina's death, her diary was found in Soviet archives by ], an activist with the human rights organisation ]. At the time, Osipova was conducting research into opposition to ] and uprisings in the ]. Deeply impressed by the diary, Osipova decided to publish it. | ||
| In 2003, the Moscow-based publisher ] first printed an abridged version of Nina's diary in English as ''The Diary of a Soviet Schoolgirl''.<ref>, Nina Lugovskaya. Glas; 1 edition (September 1, 2003). Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> In 2007, ] published a new translation by ]. It was titled, ''I Want to Live: The Diary of a Young Girl in Stalin's Russia''. All passages underlined by the NKVD were printed in ].<ref>, Nina Lugovskaya. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children (June 18, 2007). Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> | In 2003, the Moscow-based publisher ] first printed an abridged version of Nina's diary in English as ''The Diary of a Soviet Schoolgirl''.<ref>, Nina Lugovskaya. Glas; 1 edition (September 1, 2003). Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> In 2007, ] published a new translation by ]. It was titled, ''I Want to Live: The Diary of a Young Girl in Stalin's Russia''. All passages underlined by the NKVD were printed in ].<ref>, Nina Lugovskaya. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children (June 18, 2007). Retrieved 6 feb 2017</ref> | ||
| Throughout her diaries Nina showed contempt for the Bolsheviks, writing "These bloody Bolsheviks! How I hate them! All hypocrites, liars, and scoundrels", "I could feel my fury with the Bolsheviks rising in my throat, my despair at my own powerlessness", "These lousy Bolsheviks! They don't think about us young people at all, they don't think about the fact we are human beings too"! In one passage she recounted "sixty-nine White Guards were arrested and shot in Leningrad without any investigation or trial".<ref name=N /> | Throughout her diaries Nina showed contempt for the Bolsheviks, writing "These bloody Bolsheviks! How I hate them! All hypocrites, liars, and scoundrels", "I could feel my fury with the Bolsheviks rising in my throat, my despair at my own powerlessness", "These lousy Bolsheviks! They don't think about us young people at all, they don't think about the fact we are human beings too"! In one passage she recounted "sixty-nine White Guards were arrested and shot in Leningrad without any investigation or trial".<ref name=N /> | ||
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| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| * {{LCAuth|no2003108249|Nina Lugovskai︠a︡|3|ue}} | * {{LCAuth|no2003108249|Nina Lugovskai︠a︡|3|ue}} | ||
| * Lucia Gangale, ''Le journal de Nina Lugovskaya 1932-1937''. Link: https://lepartageculturel.wordpress.com/2023/10/04/le-journal-de-nina-lugovskaya-1932-1937/ | |||
| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 11:03, 6 November 2024
Russian artist (1918–1993)| Nina Lugovskaya | |
|---|---|
| Нина Серге́евна Луговская | |
| Born | Nina Sergeyevna Lugovskaya (1918-12-25)December 25, 1918 Moscow, SFSR |
| Died | December 27, 1993(1993-12-27) (aged 75) Vladimir, Russia |
| Alma mater | Serpukhov Art School |
| Occupation | Artist |
| Spouse | Victor L. Templin |
Nina Sergeyevna Lugovskaya (Russian: Нина Серге́евна Луговская; 25 December 1918 – 27 December 1993) was a Soviet painter and theatre designer, in addition to being a survivor of the Gulag. During Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, Lugovskaya was the author of a diary, which was discovered by the Soviet political police and used to convict her entire family of Anti-Soviet agitation. After surviving Kolyma, Lugovskaya studied at Serpukhov Art School and in 1977 joined the Union of Artists of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, her diary was discovered intact inside the NKVD's file on her family. It was published in 2003, and resulted in Nina being called "the Anne Frank of Russia."
Family and early life
Nina's parents were educated professionals. Her father, Sergei Rybin-Lugovskoi, was an economist and passionate supporter of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, while her mother, Lyubov Lugovskaya, was an educator. Nina had two older twin sisters, Olga and Yevgenia (also called Lyalya and Zhenya), born in 1915.
Sergei was first arrested in 1917, prior to the revolution, and after it held a government position, only to be arrested and exiled again in 1919. After three years, he returned and the family located to Moscow where he ran a bakery cooperative, employing 400 people. After economic nationalization in 1928, the business was closed, and Sergei was arrested and exiled again to a town north of Moscow. This is where Nina began writing her diaries. In 1935 Sergei was arrested and imprisoned in Moscow, where Nina visited him shortly before his exile to Kazakhstan.
Although she had many friends, Nina suffered from depression, and repeatedly confided her suicidal fantasies to her diary. Nina further suffered from lazy eye, which made her very self-conscious. In her diary, she often confided her hatred for Stalin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. These beliefs came from witnessing the NKVD's repeated harassment and internal exile of her father, who had been a NEPman during the 1920s.
Arrest
On January 4, 1937, Nina's diary was confiscated during an NKVD raid on the Lugovskoy's apartment. Passages underlined for prosecutorial use included Nina's suicidal thoughts, her complaints about Communist indoctrination by her teachers, her loyalty to her persecuted father, and her often-expressed hopes that someone would assassinate Joseph Stalin.
Based on the "evidence" in her diary, Nina, her mother and her two sisters were arrested and sentenced to five years' hard labor in the Kolyma prison camps of the Soviet Arctic. After serving her sentence, she was released in 1942 and served the next seven years in exile in a remote area of Kolyma. Nina's mother and sisters survived Kolyma. Lyubov died in 1949, and her father in the 1950s.
Marriage
In Magadan, Nina married Victor L. Templin, an artist and fellow survivor of the GULAG.
Career
Nina worked as an artist in theaters at Magadan, Sterlitamak, in the Perm region. While decorating the Magadan theater, Nina met with painter Vasili Shukhayev, and began to consider herself his pupil.
After 1957, Viktor and Nina lived in Vladimir, Russia. She was formally rehabilitated in 1963 after sending a personal appeal to Nikita Khrushchev, who overturned her conviction, citing "unproven accusations". She became a member of the Soviet Union of Artists in 1977 and held several solo exhibitions during the 1970s and 1980s, where her paintings were featured prominently in several buildings and the public library. Those who knew Nina and Viktor in their later years were unaware of their experiences in the GULAG. Both of them lived to witness the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Death
Nina Templina died on 27 December 1993 and was buried in the Ulybyshevo cemetery near Vladimir.
Diary
After Nina's death, her diary was found in Soviet archives by Irina Osipova, an activist with the human rights organisation Memorial. At the time, Osipova was conducting research into opposition to Stalinism and uprisings in the GULAG. Deeply impressed by the diary, Osipova decided to publish it.
In 2003, the Moscow-based publisher Glas first printed an abridged version of Nina's diary in English as The Diary of a Soviet Schoolgirl. In 2007, Houghton Mifflin published a new translation by Andrew Bromfield. It was titled, I Want to Live: The Diary of a Young Girl in Stalin's Russia. All passages underlined by the NKVD were printed in bold type.
Throughout her diaries Nina showed contempt for the Bolsheviks, writing "These bloody Bolsheviks! How I hate them! All hypocrites, liars, and scoundrels", "I could feel my fury with the Bolsheviks rising in my throat, my despair at my own powerlessness", "These lousy Bolsheviks! They don't think about us young people at all, they don't think about the fact we are human beings too"! In one passage she recounted "sixty-nine White Guards were arrested and shot in Leningrad without any investigation or trial".
Her diaries reflect a nationalist patriotism, in which she wrote about the SS Chelyuskin incident: "wanted to cry for happiness and sympathy with these great heroes...to participate in the general celebration". On her country she wrote: "How can it be? Great Russia and the great Russian people have fallen into the hands of a scoundrel. Is it possible? That Russia, which for so many years fought for freedom and which finally attained it, that Russia has suddenly enslaved itself."
Sources
- ^ "I Want to Live: The Diary of a Young Girl in Stalin's Russia", Nina Lugovskai︠a︡. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006. p. 16, 21, 30, 42, 35-36, 56, 59-60, 61, 62, 71, 80, 119, 130, 253-254. Retrieved 6 feb 2017
- "Anne Frank Unbound: Media, Imagination, Memory", Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Jeffrey Shandler. Indiana University Press, 2012. p. 12. Retrieved 6 feb 2017
- ^ "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union", Martin McCauley. Routledge, Jan 14, 2014. p. 146. Retrieved 6 feb 2017
- ^ "Girlhood: A Global History", Jennifer Helgren, Colleen A. Vasconcellos. Rutgers University Press, 2010. pgs. 142-161. Retrieved 6 feb 2017
- "The Diary of a Soviet Schoolgirl: 1932-1937 (Glas, No. 32)", Nina Lugovskaya. Glas; 1 edition (September 1, 2003). Retrieved 6 feb 2017
- "I Want To Live: The Diary of a Young Girl in Stalin's Russia", Nina Lugovskaya. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children (June 18, 2007). Retrieved 6 feb 2017
- "Pessimism and Boys", Sheila Fitzpatrick. London Review of Books. May 6, 2004. Retrieved 6 feb 2017
External links
- Nina Lugovskai︠a︡ at Library of Congress, with 3 library catalogue records
- Lucia Gangale, Le journal de Nina Lugovskaya 1932-1937. Link: https://lepartageculturel.wordpress.com/2023/10/04/le-journal-de-nina-lugovskaya-1932-1937/