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{{Short description|Nuclear plant in Shandong, China}} {{Short description|Nuclear plant in Shandong, China}}
{{Use American English|date = February 2019}} {{Use American English|date = February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = February 2019}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox power station {{Infobox power station
| name = Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant<ref>{{cite web | title = Shidao Bay nuclear power plant started at the end of 2012 | url = http://english.qingdao.gov.cn/n2043295/n2048687/275322.html | work = Qingdao Municipal Government | date = 14 January 2013 | accessdate = 13 November 2015}}</ref> | name = Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant<ref>{{cite web | title = Shidao Bay nuclear power plant started at the end of 2012 | url = http://english.qingdao.gov.cn/n2043295/n2048687/275322.html | work = Qingdao Municipal Government | date = 14 January 2013 | accessdate = 13 November 2015 | archive-date = 17 November 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117063503/http://english.qingdao.gov.cn/n2043295/n2048687/275322.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
| name_official = 石岛湾核电站 | name_official = 石岛湾核电站
| image = | image =
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| np_fuel_supplier = | np_fuel_supplier =
| ps_cogeneration = | ps_cogeneration =
| ps_cooling_source = ]<!-- Heiniwan bay / Heini Wan bay --> | ps_cooling_source = ]
| ps_cooling_towers = <!------------------------- GENERAL --> | ps_cooling_towers = <!------------------------- GENERAL -->
| ps_units_operational = 1 x 200 MW twin reactor | ps_units_operational = 1 x 200 MW twin reactor
| ps_units_manu_model = ]<br/>] | ps_units_manu_model = ]<br/>]<br/>]
| ps_units_uc = 2 × 1400 MW | ps_units_uc = 1 × 1340 MW
| ps_units_planned = 8 × 200 MW twin reactor | ps_units_planned = 8 × 200 MW twin reactor
| ps_units_decommissioned = | ps_units_decommissioned =
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}} }}


'''Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant''' ({{zh|s=石岛湾核电站|t=石島灣核電廠|p=Shídǎo wān hédiàn chǎng}}), commonly known as '''Shidaowan''', is a ] in ] province, China. The site is located near the Xiqianjia village in Ningjin subdistrict, ], ], Shandong. The plant is located about {{convert|23|km}} south of Rongcheng City, {{convert|14|km}} northwest of Shidao, and {{convert|68|km}} southeast of Weihai City.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.fhdigz.com/en/project_detail.php?id=76 | title= Marine Works of Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant| date= 5 May 2014 | work= CCCC-FHDI Engineering | publisher= | accessdate= 21 July 2014 }}</ref> '''Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant''' ({{zh|s=石岛湾核电站|t=石島灣核電廠|p=Shídǎo wān hédiàn chǎng}}), commonly known as '''Shidaowan''', is a ] in ] province, China. The site is located near the Xiqianjia village in Ningjin subdistrict, ], ], Shandong. The plant is located about {{convert|23|km}} south of Rongcheng City, {{convert|14|km}} northwest of Shidao, and {{convert|68|km}} southeast of Weihai City.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.fhdigz.com/en/project_detail.php?id=76 | title= Marine Works of Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant | date= 5 May 2014 | work= CCCC-FHDI Engineering | publisher= | accessdate= 21 July 2014 | archive-date= 28 March 2022 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220328054733/https://www.fhdigz.com/en/project_detail.php?id=76 | url-status= live }}</ref>


The plant has the first ] nuclear reactors in the world:<ref>{{Cite web|title=HTR-PM: Making dreams come true - Nuclear Engineering International|url=https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurehtr-pm-making-dreams-come-true-7009889/|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.neimagazine.com}}</ref> the HTR-PM, a ] (HTGR) concept ({{coord|36|58|45|N|122|31|50|E}}). The plant will ultimately have ten 210&nbsp;MW<sub>e</sub> (]) units of this type. Each unit is made of two HTR-PM reactors driving a single 210&nbsp;MW<sub>e</sub> steam turbine. The plant has the first ] nuclear reactors in the world:<ref>{{Cite web|title=HTR-PM: Making dreams come true Nuclear Engineering International|url=https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurehtr-pm-making-dreams-come-true-7009889/|access-date=11 January 2021|website=www.neimagazine.com|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328064002/https://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurehtr-pm-making-dreams-come-true-7009889/|url-status=live}}</ref> the ], a ] (HTGR) concept ({{coord|36|58|45|N|122|31|50|E}}). The plant will ultimately have ten 210&nbsp;MW<sub>e</sub> (]) units of this type. Each unit is made of two HTR-PM reactors driving a single 210&nbsp;MW<sub>e</sub> steam turbine.


The plant also hosts the construction of two 1500&nbsp;] ] ]s ({{coord|36|57|56|N|122|31|12|E}}), a design based on the ]<ref>John A. Mathews; Hao Tan; O'Faircheallaigh (13 August 2015). China’s Renewable Energy Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 55–. {{ISBN|978-1-137-54625-8}}.</ref> jointly developed by ] and China's ] (SNPTC). The plant also hosts the construction of two 1500&nbsp;] ] ]s ({{coord|36|57|56|N|122|31|12|E}}), a design based on the ]<ref>John A. Mathews; Hao Tan; O'Faircheallaigh (13 August 2015). China’s Renewable Energy Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 55–. {{ISBN|978-1-137-54625-8}}.</ref> jointly developed by ] and China's ] (SNPTC).
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In 2005, China announced its intention to scale up the ] experimental reactor for commercial power generation. The first two 250-MWt High-Temperature Reactor-Pebble-bed Modules (HTR-PM) will be installed at Shidao Bay, and together drive a ] generating 200 ]. In 2005, China announced its intention to scale up the ] experimental reactor for commercial power generation. The first two 250-MWt High-Temperature Reactor-Pebble-bed Modules (HTR-PM) will be installed at Shidao Bay, and together drive a ] generating 200 ].


Originally to be started in 2011, the project was postponed after the ] in ] in March 2011. In 2009, it was planned to be finished in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.02.023 | volume=239 | title=Current status and technical description of Chinese 2×250MWth HTR-PM demonstration plant | journal=Nuclear Engineering and Design | year=2009 | pages=1212–1219| last1=Zhang | first1=Zuoyi | last2=Wu | first2=Zongxin | last3=Wang | first3=Dazhong | last4=Xu | first4=Yuanhui | last5=Sun | first5=Yuliang | last6=Li | first6=Fu | last7=Dong | first7=Yujie | issue=7 }}</ref> Construction finally began at the end of 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=China Begins Construction Of First Generation IV HTR-PM Unit|url=http://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2013/01/07/china-begins-construction-of-first-generation-iv-htr-pm-unit|date=7 January 2013}}</ref> with the pouring of concrete basemat occurring in April 2014.<ref name=wnn>{{cite web|title=First HTR-PM construction progresses|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-CAP1400-reactor-under-construction-0404144.html|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=8 April 2014}}</ref> The vessel was installed in 2016. It was expected to begin operating around 2017,<ref name=vessel>{{cite web|title=First vessel installed in China's HTR-PM unit|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/nn-first-vessel-installed-in-chinas-htr-pm-unit-2103164.html|date=21 March 2016|accessdate=7 April 2017}}</ref> later postponed to 2018. Originally to be started in 2011, the project was postponed after the ] in ] in March 2011. In 2009, it was planned to be finished in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.02.023 | volume=239 | title=Current status and technical description of Chinese 2×250MWth HTR-PM demonstration plant | journal=Nuclear Engineering and Design | year=2009 | pages=1212–1219| last1=Zhang | first1=Zuoyi | last2=Wu | first2=Zongxin | last3=Wang | first3=Dazhong | last4=Xu | first4=Yuanhui | last5=Sun | first5=Yuliang | last6=Li | first6=Fu | last7=Dong | first7=Yujie | issue=7 }}</ref> Construction finally began at the end of 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=China Begins Construction Of First Generation IV HTR-PM Unit|url=http://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2013/01/07/china-begins-construction-of-first-generation-iv-htr-pm-unit|date=7 January 2013|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227032928/https://www.nucnet.org/all-the-news/2013/01/07/china-begins-construction-of-first-generation-iv-htr-pm-unit|url-status=live}}</ref> with the pouring of concrete basemat occurring in April 2014.<ref name=wnn>{{cite web|title=First HTR-PM construction progresses|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-CAP1400-reactor-under-construction-0404144.html|date=4 April 2014|accessdate=8 April 2014|archive-date=30 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930082211/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-CAP1400-reactor-under-construction-0404144.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The vessel was installed in 2016. It was expected to begin operating around 2017,<ref name=vessel>{{cite web|title=First vessel installed in China's HTR-PM unit|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/nn-first-vessel-installed-in-chinas-htr-pm-unit-2103164.html|date=21 March 2016|accessdate=7 April 2017|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409080649/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/nn-first-vessel-installed-in-chinas-htr-pm-unit-2103164.html|url-status=live}}</ref> later postponed to 2018.
The pressure vessel head was installed in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-HTR-PM-vessel-head-in-place-0401185.html|title = First HTR-PM vessel head in place - World Nuclear News}}</ref> Cold testing was completed in November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cold testing of HTR-PM reactors completed|url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Cold-testing-of-HTR-PM-reactors-completed|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=4 November 2020}}</ref> The pressure vessel head was installed in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-HTR-PM-vessel-head-in-place-0401185.html|title=First HTR-PM vessel head in place World Nuclear News|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506064924/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-First-HTR-PM-vessel-head-in-place-0401185.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cold testing was completed in November 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cold testing of HTR-PM reactors completed|url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Cold-testing-of-HTR-PM-reactors-completed|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=4 November 2020|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113005516/https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Cold-testing-of-HTR-PM-reactors-completed|url-status=live}}</ref>
Hot functional testing of the reactors began in January 2021, and operational start up is planned for late 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot functional testing of HTR-PM reactors starts|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Hot-functional-testing-of-HTR-PM-reactors-starts|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=5 January 2021}}</ref> The first reactor went critical, marking the first criticality of a generation IV commercial nuclear power plant, in September 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=China's HTR-PM reactor achieves first criticality|url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Chinas-HTR-PM-reactor-achieves-first-criticality|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=13 September 2021}}</ref> Reactor two achieved first ] in November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dual criticality for Chinese demonstration HTR-PM : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Dual-criticality-for-Chinese-demonstration-HTR-PM}}</ref> Reactor one was connected to the state power grid and began producing power in December 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Demonstration HTR-PM connected to grid|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Demonstration-HTR-PM-connected-to-grid}}</ref> The HTR-PM project demonstrated it had reached "initial full power" in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's demonstration HTR-PM reaches full power|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/China-s-demonstration-HTR-PM-reaches-full-power}}</ref> An updated larger power plant, HTR-PM600, is planned with a capacity of 600 MWe using six HTR-PM reactor units.<ref>{{cite web|title=China plans further high temperature reactor innovation|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-China-plans-further-high-temperature-reactor-innovation-1909171.html|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=8 November 2017}}</ref> Hot functional testing of the reactors began in January 2021, and operational start up is planned for late 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot functional testing of HTR-PM reactors starts|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Hot-functional-testing-of-HTR-PM-reactors-starts|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=5 January 2021|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407114031/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Hot-functional-testing-of-HTR-PM-reactors-starts|url-status=live}}</ref> The first reactor went critical, marking the first criticality of a generation IV commercial nuclear power plant, in September 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=China's HTR-PM reactor achieves first criticality|url=https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Chinas-HTR-PM-reactor-achieves-first-criticality|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=13 September 2021|archive-date=13 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913175238/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Chinas-HTR-PM-reactor-achieves-first-criticality|url-status=live}}</ref> Reactor two achieved first ] in November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dual criticality for Chinese demonstration HTR-PM : New Nuclear World Nuclear News|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Dual-criticality-for-Chinese-demonstration-HTR-PM|access-date=14 November 2021|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412082925/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Dual-criticality-for-Chinese-demonstration-HTR-PM|url-status=live}}</ref> Reactor one was connected to the state power grid and began producing power in December 2021 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Demonstration HTR-PM connected to grid|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Demonstration-HTR-PM-connected-to-grid|access-date=22 December 2021|archive-date=25 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425174319/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Demonstration-HTR-PM-connected-to-grid|url-status=live}}</ref> The HTR-PM project demonstrated it had reached "initial full power" in December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's demonstration HTR-PM reaches full power|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/China-s-demonstration-HTR-PM-reaches-full-power|access-date=9 December 2022|archive-date=9 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209190905/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/China-s-demonstration-HTR-PM-reaches-full-power|url-status=live}}</ref> The HTR-PM project finally entered commercial operation in December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China's demonstration HTR-PM enters commercial operation|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Chinese-HTR-PM-Demo-begins-commercial-operation}}</ref> An updated larger power plant, HTR-PM600, is planned with a capacity of 600 MWe using six HTR-PM reactor units.<ref>{{cite web|title=China plans further high temperature reactor innovation|url=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-China-plans-further-high-temperature-reactor-innovation-1909171.html|website=www.world-nuclear-news.org|accessdate=8 November 2017|archive-date=4 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604043812/https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-China-plans-further-high-temperature-reactor-innovation-1909171.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Hualong One ==
In July 2024, first concrete was poured for Shidaowan 1, the first of four ] reactors.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Construction-starts-on-two-new-Chinese-units |title=Construction starts on two new Chinese units |work=World Nuclear News |date=29 July 2024 |accessdate=9 September 2024}}</ref>


==CAP1400== ==CAP1400==
In November 2006, ] (SPIC) introduced the ], a third-generation pressurized water reactor design, from the U.S. company Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Since then China built four AP1000 units, two in the ], and another two in the ].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} In November 2006, ] (SPIC) introduced the ], a third-generation pressurized water reactor design, from the U.S. company Westinghouse Electric Corporation.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Since then China built four AP1000 units, two in the ], and another two in the ].


China has been researching and developing its own version of the AP1000, the more powerful CAP1400, also referred to as Guohe One (Guo He One, {{zh|s=国和|t=国和|p=guó hé}}, i.e. unity of the country).<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.seetao.com/details/40823/en.html | title= A milestone in nuclear power autonomy, Guohe No. 1 was released in Shanghai | date= 29 September 2020 | website=www.seetao.com | publisher=Beijing Shifang Jiandao Culture Media Co|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010151604/https://www.seetao.com/details/40823/en.html |archive-date=10 October 2020 |url-status= |accessdate=10 October 2020}}</ref> China has been researching and developing its own version of the AP1000, the more powerful CAP1400, also referred to as Guohe One (Guo He One, {{zh|s=国和|t=国和|p=guó hé}}, i.e. unity of the country).<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.seetao.com/details/40823/en.html | title= A milestone in nuclear power autonomy, Guohe No. 1 was released in Shanghai | date= 29 September 2020 | website=www.seetao.com | publisher=Beijing Shifang Jiandao Culture Media Co|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010151604/https://www.seetao.com/details/40823/en.html |archive-date=10 October 2020 |url-status= |accessdate=10 October 2020}}</ref>
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The Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant consist of two operational reactors (that drive one unit), two reactors under construction, and four planned future reactors. The Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant consist of two operational reactors (that drive one unit), two reactors under construction, and four planned future reactors.
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
! Unit !! Type / Model !! Net power !! Gross power !! Thermal power !! Start construction !! First criticality !! Grid connection !! Commercial operation !! Notes ! Unit !! Type / Model !! Net power !! Gross power !! Thermal power
! Start construction !! First criticality !! Grid connection !! Commercial operation !! Notes
|- |-
| Shidao Bay I || HTGR / HTR-PM | Shidao Bay I || HTGR / HTR-PM
| 200 MW || 211 MW || 500 MW | 200 MW || 211 MW || 250+250 MW
| 2012-12-09 || 2021-09-12 || 2021-12-20 || | 9 December 2012 || 12 September 2021 || 20 December 2021 || 6 December 2023
| <ref>{{cite web |url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=957 |title= Shidao Bay 1 |date= 2022-01-08 |work= PRIS |publisher= IAEA |accessdate= 2021-01-09}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite web |url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=957 |title= Shidao Bay 1 |date= 7 September 2024 |work= PRIS |publisher= IAEA |accessdate= 8 September 2024}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url= https://english.news.cn/20231206/0159b0f359354588a7d48a956193f85d/c.html |title= World's first fourth-generation nuclear power plant goes into commercial operation in China |date= 6 December 2023 |work= Xinhua |accessdate= 6 December 2023 |archive-date= 6 December 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231206080653/https://english.news.cn/20231206/0159b0f359354588a7d48a956193f85d/c.html |url-status= live }}</ref>
|-
| Shidaowan 1 || ]
| 1134 MW || 1225 MW || 3180 MW
| 28 July 2024 || || || ''2029''
| <ref>{{cite web |title= Shidaowan 1 |url= https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2138 |date= 7 September 2024 |work= PRIS |publisher= IAEA |accessdate= 8 September 2024}}</ref>
|- |-
| Shidao Bay II-1 || PWR / CAP-1400 | Shidao Bay II-1 || PWR / CAP-1400
| 1500 MW || 1550 MW || | 1500 MW || 1550 MW || 4040 MW
| 19-06-2019<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=world-nuclear.org |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/country/default.aspx/China |access-date=2023-08-29 |website=www.world-nuclear.org}}</ref>|| || ''2025''<ref name=cap14pstart/> || | 19 June 2019<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=world-nuclear.org |url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/country/default.aspx/China |access-date=29 August 2023 |website=www.world-nuclear.org |archive-date=29 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829183421/https://www.world-nuclear.org/country/default.aspx/China |url-status=live }}</ref>|| || 4 November 2024<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 November 2024|title=China's first CAP1400 begins supplying power|url=https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/china-first-cap1400-begins-supplying-power|access-date=4 November 2024|website=world-nuclear-news.org}}</ref> ||
| |
|- |-
| Shidao Bay II-2 || PWR / CAP-1400 | Shidao Bay II-2 || PWR / CAP-1400
| 1500 MW || 1550 MW || | 1500 MW || 1550 MW || 4040 MW
| 21-04-2020<ref name=":0" />|| || ''2025''<ref name=cap14pstart/> || | 21 April 2020<ref name=":0" />|| || ''2025''<ref name=cap14pstart/> ||
| |
|- |-

Latest revision as of 18:14, 6 November 2024

Nuclear plant in Shandong, China

Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant
Official name石岛湾核电站
CountryPeople's Republic of China
LocationRongcheng, Weihai, Shandong
Coordinates36°58′20″N 122°31′44″E / 36.97222°N 122.52889°E / 36.97222; 122.52889
StatusOperational
Construction began9 December 2012 (2012-12-09)
Commission date
  • 2021
Construction costUS$16 billion (units 1–7)
OwnersChina Huaneng Group
Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd (HSNPC)
Tsinghua University
Operator
  • Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Company
Nuclear power station
Reactor typeHTGR
Cooling sourceYellow Sea
Power generation
Units operational1 x 200 MW twin reactor
Make and modelHTR-PM
HPR1000
CAP1400
Units planned8 × 200 MW twin reactor
Units under const.1 × 1340 MW
Nameplate capacity200 MW
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant (simplified Chinese: 石岛湾核电站; traditional Chinese: 石島灣核電廠; pinyin: Shídǎo wān hédiàn chǎng), commonly known as Shidaowan, is a nuclear power plant in Shandong province, China. The site is located near the Xiqianjia village in Ningjin subdistrict, Rongcheng, Weihai, Shandong. The plant is located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) south of Rongcheng City, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) northwest of Shidao, and 68 kilometres (42 mi) southeast of Weihai City.

The plant has the first fourth-generation nuclear reactors in the world: the HTR-PM, a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) concept (36°58′45″N 122°31′50″E / 36.97917°N 122.53056°E / 36.97917; 122.53056). The plant will ultimately have ten 210 MWe (megawatts electrical) units of this type. Each unit is made of two HTR-PM reactors driving a single 210 MWe steam turbine.

The plant also hosts the construction of two 1500 MWe CAP1400 pressurized water reactors (36°57′56″N 122°31′12″E / 36.96556°N 122.52000°E / 36.96556; 122.52000), a design based on the AP1000 jointly developed by Westinghouse and China's State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation (SNPTC).

Shidao Bay nuclear power plant is a joint venture by China Huaneng Group, China Nuclear Engineering & Construction Group, and Tsinghua University. The total investment of 100 billion yuan (US$15.7 billion) and the 20-year construction plan makes it one of China's large nuclear projects.

HTR-PM

Main article: HTR-PM

In 2005, China announced its intention to scale up the HTR-10 experimental reactor for commercial power generation. The first two 250-MWt High-Temperature Reactor-Pebble-bed Modules (HTR-PM) will be installed at Shidao Bay, and together drive a steam turbine generating 200 MWe.

Originally to be started in 2011, the project was postponed after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in March 2011. In 2009, it was planned to be finished in 2013. Construction finally began at the end of 2012, with the pouring of concrete basemat occurring in April 2014. The vessel was installed in 2016. It was expected to begin operating around 2017, later postponed to 2018. The pressure vessel head was installed in December 2017. Cold testing was completed in November 2020. Hot functional testing of the reactors began in January 2021, and operational start up is planned for late 2021. The first reactor went critical, marking the first criticality of a generation IV commercial nuclear power plant, in September 2021. Reactor two achieved first criticality in November 2021. Reactor one was connected to the state power grid and began producing power in December 2021 The HTR-PM project demonstrated it had reached "initial full power" in December 2022. The HTR-PM project finally entered commercial operation in December 2023. An updated larger power plant, HTR-PM600, is planned with a capacity of 600 MWe using six HTR-PM reactor units.

Hualong One

In July 2024, first concrete was poured for Shidaowan 1, the first of four Hualong One reactors.

CAP1400

In November 2006, State Power Investment Corporation (SPIC) introduced the AP1000, a third-generation pressurized water reactor design, from the U.S. company Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Since then China built four AP1000 units, two in the Sanmen Nuclear Power Station, and another two in the Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant.

China has been researching and developing its own version of the AP1000, the more powerful CAP1400, also referred to as Guohe One (Guo He One, Chinese: 国和; pinyin: guó hé, i.e. unity of the country).

Preparation work started in 2013 and Unit 1 construction started in 2018. Completion estimated in 2021.

In May 2016, the CAP1400 design has successfully passed the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Generic Reactor Safety Review.

According to SPIC, the company is building two CAP1400 reactors in a demonstration project located in the Shidao Bay nuclear plant.

In March 2017, the Unit 1 first CAP1400 reactor pressure vessel hydraulic test was completed at the factory test site. The pressure vessel is the core equipment of the reactor and has a total weight of about 487 tons and a design life of 60 years.

On 30 June 2017, the Unit 1 first low-pressure module LP2 of the CAP1400 National Nuclear Demonstration Project Turbine, was completed by Dongfang Electric Group Dongfang Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. The CAP1400 steam turbine low-pressure rotor has a weight of 267 tons and the whole block weight is 749 tons. The last stage blades in the low pressure turbines are 1.828 metres (6.00 ft) tall. The LP2 steam turbine will help drive the CAP1400 1,520 MW generator.

In March 2022 it was announced that commercial operation of the two CAP-1400 units is expected to commence in 2025.

Reactor data

The Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant consist of two operational reactors (that drive one unit), two reactors under construction, and four planned future reactors.

Unit Type / Model Net power Gross power Thermal power Start construction First criticality Grid connection Commercial operation Notes
Shidao Bay I HTGR / HTR-PM 200 MW 211 MW 250+250 MW 9 December 2012 12 September 2021 20 December 2021 6 December 2023
Shidaowan 1 HPR1000 1134 MW 1225 MW 3180 MW 28 July 2024 2029
Shidao Bay II-1 PWR / CAP-1400 1500 MW 1550 MW 4040 MW 19 June 2019 4 November 2024
Shidao Bay II-2 PWR / CAP-1400 1500 MW 1550 MW 4040 MW 21 April 2020 2025

See also

References

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