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{{Short description|King of Norway from 1280 to 1299}}
{{Infobox royalty|type=monarch {{Infobox royalty
| name=Eric II Magnusson | name=Eric II Magnusson
| succession= ] | succession= ]
| image=Eirik Magnusson (Stavanger cathedral).jpg | image=Eirik Magnusson (Stavanger cathedral).jpg
| caption= Contemporary bust of Eric II from the ], dated to the 1280s.<ref>Lillehammer, Grete, et al. (1995) ''Museoteket ved Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger: Rogalandsfunn fra istid til middelalder'', p. 108</ref> | caption= Contemporary bust of Eric II from the ], dated to the 1280s.<ref>Lillehammer, Grete, et al. (1995) ''Museoteket ved Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger: Rogalandsfunn fra istid til middelalder'', p. 108</ref>
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| successor = ] | successor = ]
| coronation=1280, ] of ] | coronation=1280, ] of ]
| spouse = ]<br>] | spouses = ]<br>]
| house = ] | house = ]
| father= ] | father= ]
| mother= ] | mother= ]
| issue = ]<br>] | issue = ]<br>]
| birth_date= 1268 | birth_date= 1268
| birth_place= | birth_place=
| death_date= {{Death date|1299|7|15|df=y}} | death_date= {{Death date|1299|7|15|df=y}}
| death_place=] | death_place=]
| place of burial= Old cathedral of ] | place of burial= Old cathedral of Bergen
| religion=]
|}} |}}


'''Eric Magnusson''' (1268 – 15 July 1299) (]: ''Eiríkr Magnússon''; ]: ''Eirik Magnusson'') was the ] from 1280 until 1299. '''Eric Magnusson''' (1268 – 15 July 1299) (]: ''Eiríkr Magnússon''; ]: ''Eirik Magnusson'') was the ] from 1280 until 1299.


==Background== ==Background==
Eirik was the eldest surviving son of ], and his wife ], daughter of King ]. In 1273, when he was 5 years old, he was given the title of king, alongside his father, who planned to hold a coronation for Eirik as his subordinate co-ruler in the summer of 1280. However, King Magnus died before this could be arranged, and Eirik became sole king and was crowned as such in ] in the summer of 1280. During his minority, the kingdom was ruled by a royal council consisting of prominent ] and probably also his mother, the dowager queen Ingeborg. After Eirik came of age in 1282, this royal council is still thought to have had a major influence over his reign.<ref name="Bjørgo">], "Eirik Magnusson" in ''Norsk biografisk leksikon'' vol. II, (Oslo, 2000), pp. 436-437</ref> His brother, ], was in 1273 given the title "Duke of Norway", and from 1280 ruled a large area around ] in Eastern Norway and ] in the southwest, subordinate to King Eirik. The king's main residence was in Bergen in Western Norway.<ref name="Bjørgo"></ref> Eirik was the eldest surviving son of ], and his wife, ], daughter of King ]. In 1273, when he was 5 years old, he was given the title of king, alongside his father, who planned to hold a coronation for Eirik as his subordinate co-ruler in the summer of 1280. However, King Magnus died before this could be arranged, and Eirik became sole king and was crowned as such in ] in the summer of 1280. During his minority, the kingdom was ruled by a royal council consisting of prominent ] and probably also his mother, the dowager queen Ingeborg. After Eirik came of age in 1282, this royal council is still thought to have had a major influence over his reign.<ref name="Bjørgo">], "Eirik Magnusson" in ''Norsk biografisk leksikon'' vol. II, (Oslo, 2000), pp. 436-437</ref> His brother, ], was in 1273 given the title "Duke of Norway", and from 1280 ruled a large area around ] in Eastern Norway and ] in the southwest, subordinate to King Eirik. The king's main residence was in Bergen in Western Norway.<ref name="Bjørgo" />


Eirik married princess ], daughter of King ] in ] in 1281. Margaret died two years later in childbirth, giving birth to ], who became ] in 1286 until her death in 1290. Her death sparked the ] which led to the ].<ref></ref> Eirik briefly and unsuccessfully laid claim to the Scottish crown as inheritance from his daughter.<ref name="Bjørgo"></ref> Eirik married Princess ], daughter of King ] in ] in 1281. Margaret died two years later in childbirth, giving birth to ], who was to be Queen of Scotland, but she died in 1290. Her death sparked the ] which led to the ].<ref>, Snl.no. Accessed 31 December 2022.</ref> Eirik briefly and unsuccessfully laid claim to the Scottish crown as inheritance from his daughter.<ref name="Bjørgo" />


Eirik later married ], sister of King ]. Their marriage did not produce a surviving male heir, though it did produce a daughter, ] of Norway, who married ] of Sweden, Duke of Finland, in 1312. Ingeborg Eriksdotter was styled Duchess of ].<ref></ref> Eirik later married ], sister of King ]. Their marriage did not produce a surviving male heir, although it did produce a daughter, ] of Norway, who married ] of Sweden, Duke of Finland, in 1312 and was then styled Duchess of ].<ref>, snl.no. Accessed 31 December 2022. (in Norwegian)</ref>


==Reign== ==Reign==
{{multiple image | width = 130 | footer = Seal of Eric in known use 1289–98, with obverse (left) and reverse (right).| image1 = Kong Eirik Magnusson PI IX 1.jpg | alt1 = Front| image2= Kong Eirik Magnusson PI IX 2.jpg| alt2= Reverse }} {{multiple image | width = 130 | footer = Seal of Eric in known use 1289–98, with obverse (left) and reverse (right).| image1 = Kong Eirik Magnusson PI IX 1.jpg | alt1 = Front| image2= Kong Eirik Magnusson PI IX 2.jpg| alt2= Reverse }}
A prominent feature of Eirik's reign was war with Denmark, which was waged on and off from 1287 until 1295. A major motivation for this warfare was Eirik's claim on his mother's Danish inheritance. In 1287, he also entered into an alliance with a group of Danish nobles, most prominently ] and ], who were outlawed in Denmark for allegedly murdering the Danish king ]. Eirik gave the outlaws sanctuary in Norway in 1287. King Eirik himself led a large Norwegian fleet which, along with the Danish outlaws, attacked Denmark in 1289, burning ] and threatening ]. Renewed naval attacks on Denmark were made in 1290 and 1293, before peace was made in 1295.<ref>Tor Einar Fagerland, ''Krig og diplomati i nordisk middelalder'' (Oslo, 2002) pp. 82-96</ref> A prominent feature of Eirik's reign was the war with Denmark, called the ] (De fredløses krig), which was waged on and off from 1289 until 1295. A major motivation for this warfare was Eirik's claim on his mother's Danish inheritance. In 1287, he entered into an alliance with a group of Danish nobles, most prominently ] and ], who were outlawed in Denmark for allegedly murdering the Danish king ]. Eirik gave the outlaws sanctuary in Norway in 1287. King Eirik himself led a large Norwegian fleet which, along with the Danish outlaws, attacked Denmark in 1289, burning ] and threatening ]. Renewed naval attacks on Denmark were made in 1290 and 1293, before peace was made in 1295.<ref>Tor Einar Fagerland, ''Krig og diplomati i nordisk middelalder'' (Oslo, 2002), pp. 82-96.</ref>


⚫ As Eirik died without sons, he was succeeded by his brother, as Haakon V of Norway. He was buried in the old cathedral of Bergen, which was demolished in 1531. Its site is marked by a memorial, in present-day ].<ref></ref><ref>, dokpro.uio.no. Accessed 31 December 2022.</ref>
Eirik received the nickname "Priest Hater" from his unsuccessful relations with the church.

⚫ As Eirik died without sons, he was succeeded by his brother, as Haakon V of Norway. He was buried in the old cathedral of Bergen, which was demolished in 1531. Its site is marked by a memorial, in present-day ].<ref></ref><ref></ref>

==Ancestry==
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|23= 23. Ragnhild Erlingsdotter
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|29= 29. Brigitte of Denmark
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==References== ==References==
{{commonscat}} {{commonscat}}
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

{{S-start}} {{S-start}}
{{S-hou|]||1268|15 July|1299|]}} {{S-hou|]||1268|15 July|1299|]}}
{{S-reg}} {{S-reg}}
{{S-bef|before=]}} {{S-bef|before=]|as=sole king}}
{{S-ttl|title=]|years=1273–1299|regent1=<small>]</small>|years1=1273-1280}} {{S-ttl|title=]|years=1273–1299|regent1=]|years1=1273-1280}}
{{S-aft|after=]}} {{S-aft|after=]}}
{{End}} {{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Norway}} {{Monarchs of Norway}}
{{Monarchs of Iceland}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Eric 02 Of Norway}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eric 02 Of Norway}}
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Latest revision as of 11:23, 7 November 2024

King of Norway from 1280 to 1299
Eric II Magnusson
Contemporary bust of Eric II from the Stavanger Cathedral, dated to the 1280s.
King of Norway
Reign9 May 1280 – 15 July 1299
(rex iunior from 1273)
Coronation1280, Old cathedral of Bergen
PredecessorMagnus VI
SuccessorHaakon V
Born1268
Died(1299-07-15)15 July 1299
Bergen, Norway
BurialOld cathedral of Bergen
SpousesMargaret of Scotland
Isabel Bruce
IssueMargaret, Queen of Scots
Ingeborg, Duchess of Finland
HouseSverre
FatherMagnus VI of Norway
MotherIngeborg of Denmark

Eric Magnusson (1268 – 15 July 1299) (Old Norse: Eiríkr Magnússon; Norwegian: Eirik Magnusson) was the King of Norway from 1280 until 1299.

Background

Eirik was the eldest surviving son of King Magnus the Lawmender of Norway, and his wife, Ingeborg, daughter of King Eric IV of Denmark. In 1273, when he was 5 years old, he was given the title of king, alongside his father, who planned to hold a coronation for Eirik as his subordinate co-ruler in the summer of 1280. However, King Magnus died before this could be arranged, and Eirik became sole king and was crowned as such in Bergen in the summer of 1280. During his minority, the kingdom was ruled by a royal council consisting of prominent barons and probably also his mother, the dowager queen Ingeborg. After Eirik came of age in 1282, this royal council is still thought to have had a major influence over his reign. His brother, Haakon, was in 1273 given the title "Duke of Norway", and from 1280 ruled a large area around Oslo in Eastern Norway and Stavanger in the southwest, subordinate to King Eirik. The king's main residence was in Bergen in Western Norway.

Eirik married Princess Margaret of Scotland, daughter of King Alexander III of Scotland in Bergen in 1281. Margaret died two years later in childbirth, giving birth to Margaret, Maid of Norway, who was to be Queen of Scotland, but she died in 1290. Her death sparked the disputed succession which led to the Wars of Scottish Independence. Eirik briefly and unsuccessfully laid claim to the Scottish crown as inheritance from his daughter.

Eirik later married Isabel Bruce, sister of King Robert I of Scotland. Their marriage did not produce a surviving male heir, although it did produce a daughter, Ingebjørg Eiriksdatter of Norway, who married Valdemar Magnusson of Sweden, Duke of Finland, in 1312 and was then styled Duchess of Öland.

Reign

FrontReverseSeal of Eric in known use 1289–98, with obverse (left) and reverse (right).

A prominent feature of Eirik's reign was the war with Denmark, called the War of the Outlaws (De fredløses krig), which was waged on and off from 1289 until 1295. A major motivation for this warfare was Eirik's claim on his mother's Danish inheritance. In 1287, he entered into an alliance with a group of Danish nobles, most prominently Jacob Nielsen, Count of Halland and Stig Andersen Hvide, who were outlawed in Denmark for allegedly murdering the Danish king Eric V. Eirik gave the outlaws sanctuary in Norway in 1287. King Eirik himself led a large Norwegian fleet which, along with the Danish outlaws, attacked Denmark in 1289, burning Elsinore and threatening Copenhagen. Renewed naval attacks on Denmark were made in 1290 and 1293, before peace was made in 1295.

As Eirik died without sons, he was succeeded by his brother, as Haakon V of Norway. He was buried in the old cathedral of Bergen, which was demolished in 1531. Its site is marked by a memorial, in present-day Bergenhus Fortress.

References

  1. Lillehammer, Grete, et al. (1995) Museoteket ved Arkeologisk museum i Stavanger: Rogalandsfunn fra istid til middelalder, p. 108
  2. ^ Narve Bjørgo, "Eirik Magnusson" in Norsk biografisk leksikon vol. II, (Oslo, 2000), pp. 436-437
  3. Margrete Eiriksdotter, Snl.no. Accessed 31 December 2022.
  4. Isabella Bruce, snl.no. Accessed 31 December 2022. (in Norwegian)
  5. Tor Einar Fagerland, Krig og diplomati i nordisk middelalder (Oslo, 2002), pp. 82-96.
  6. Eirik Magnusson (Store norske leksikon)
  7. Eirik Magnusson 1280-1299, dokpro.uio.no. Accessed 31 December 2022.
Eric II of Norway House of SverreCadet branch of the Fairhair dynastyBorn: 1268 Died: 15 July 1299
Regnal titles
Preceded byMagnus VIas sole king King of Norway
1273–1299
with Magnus VI (1273-1280) 		Succeeded byHaakon V
Monarchs of Norway
I. Independent Norway

Foreign and non-royal
rulers in italics, disputed
monarchs in brackets
872–1387
Kalmar Union
1387–1523
  • Margaret
  • Eric III
  • Christopher
  • Charles I
  • Christian I
  • John
  • Christian II
    • Denmark–Norway
    1524–1814
  • Frederick I
  • Christian III
  • Frederick II
  • Christian IV
  • Frederick III
  • Christian V
  • Frederick IV
  • Christian VI
  • Frederick V
  • Christian VII
  • Frederick VI
    • II. Independent Norway
    1814
  • Christian Frederick
    • Union with Sweden
    1814–1905
  • Charles II
  • Charles III John
  • Oscar I
  • Charles IV
  • Oscar II
    • III. Independent Norway
    Since 1905
  • Haakon VII
  • Olav V
  • Harald V
    • Monarchs of Iceland
    Possession of Norway (1262–1814)
    Possession of Denmark (1814–1918)
    Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1944)
    Categories: