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{{Short description|French painter}}
{{refimprove|date=December 2012}}
{{Infobox artist {{Infobox artist
| bgcolour = #6495ED
| image = File:Louise Abbéma 1914 (2).jpg | image = File:Louise Abbéma 1914 (2).jpg
| imagesize = | image_size =
| alt = | alt =
| caption = Louise Abbéma, (1914) | caption = Abbéma in 1914
| birth_name = | birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1853|10|30|df=yes}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1853|10|30|df=yes}}
| birth_place = ], Essonne, France | birth_place = ], Essonne, France
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1927|7|10|1853|10|30|df=yes}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1927|7|10|1853|10|30|df=yes}}
| death_place = ], France | death_place = Paris, France
| known_for = Painting, Sculpture
| nationality = French
| field = Painting, Sculpture | training =
| training = | movement =
| movement = | notable_works =
| works = | patrons =
| patrons = | awards =
| influenced by = | elected =
| influenced = | website =
| awards =
| elected =
| website =
}} }}


] ]


'''Louise Abbéma''' (30 October 1853<!--not 1858, as commonly stated--><ref>Register of Births of the town of Etampes, quoted by the local scholar Bernard Gineste, "Acte de naissance de Louise Abbéma", in .</ref>{{spaced ndash}}10 July 1927) was a French painter, sculptor, and designer of the ]. '''Louise Abbéma''' (30 October 1853<!--not 1858, as commonly stated--><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ville d'Etampes: Acte de naissance de Louise Abbéma (31 octobre 1853) |url=http://www.corpusetampois.com/che-19-18531031abbema.html |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=www.corpusetampois.com}}</ref>{{spaced ndash}}29 July 1927)<ref name="Aurora">{{cite book|title=Aurora: The Journal of the History of Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1RhIAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Aurora|page=62}}</ref> was a French painter, sculptor, and designer of the ].


==Biography== ==Biography==
Abbéma was born in ], ]. She was born into a wealthy Parisian family, who were well connected in the local artistic community. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/louise-abb%C3%A9ma|title=Louise Abbéma {{!}} National Museum of Women in the Arts|website=nmwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-02-06}}</ref> She began painting in her early teens, and studied under such notables of the period as ], ] and ]. She first received recognition for her work at age 23 when she painted a portrait of ], her lifelong friend and possibly her lover.<ref name="bernhadt">{{cite book |title=The Bernhardt Hamlet: culture and context |first=Gerda |last=Taranow |publisher=P. Lang |year=1996 |isbn=0-8204-2335-1}}</ref> Abbéma was born in ], ]. She was born into a wealthy Parisian family, who were well connected in the local artistic community.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/louise-abb%C3%A9ma|title=Louise Abbéma {{!}} National Museum of Women in the Arts|website=nmwa.org|language=en|access-date=2017-02-06|archive-date=2017-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917124314/https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/louise-abb%C3%A9ma|url-status=dead}}</ref> Her great-grandmother was the actress ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taranow |first1=Gerda |title=The Bernhardt Hamlet: Culture and Context |date=1996 |publisher=P. Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-2335-7 |page=94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XdlAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> She began painting in her early teens, and studied under such notables of the period as ], ] and ]. She first received recognition for her work at age 23 when she painted a portrait of ], her lifelong friend and possibly her lover.<ref name="bernhadt">{{cite book |title=The Bernhardt Hamlet: culture and context |first=Gerda |last=Taranow |publisher=P. Lang |year=1996 |isbn=0-8204-2335-1}}</ref>


She went on to paint portraits of other contemporary notables, and also painted panels and murals which adorned the Paris Town Hall, the ], numerous theatres including the "Theatre Sarah Bernhardt", and the "Palace of the Colonial Governor" at ], ]. She had an academic and impressionistic style, painting with light and rapid brushstrokes.<ref name=":0" /> She went on to paint portraits of other contemporary notables, and also painted panels and murals which adorned the Paris Town Hall, the ], numerous theatres including the "Theatre Sarah Bernhardt", and the "Palace of the Colonial Governor" at ], ]. She had an academic and impressionistic style, painting with light and rapid brushstrokes.<ref name=":0" />


She was a regular exhibitor at the ], where she received an honorable mention for her panels in 1881. Abbéma was also among the female artists whose works were exhibited in the Women's Building at the 1893 ] in Chicago.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Summers|first1=Clude J.|title=The Queer Encyclopedia of the Visual Arts|date=2004|publisher=Cleis|location=San Francisco, CA|isbn=1573441910|page=2}}</ref> A bust Sarah Bernhardt sculpted of Abbéma was also exhibited at the exposition. She was a regular exhibitor at the ], where she received an honorable mention for her panels in 1881. Abbéma was also among the female artists whose works were exhibited in the Women's Building at the 1893 ] in Chicago.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Summers|first1=Clude J.|title=The Queer Encyclopedia of the Visual Arts|date=2004|publisher=Cleis|location=San Francisco, CA|isbn=1573441910|page=2}}</ref> A bust Sarah Bernhardt sculpted of Abbéma was also exhibited at the exposition.


Abbéma specialized in oil portraits and watercolors, and many of her works showed the influence from Chinese and Japanese painters, as well as contemporary masters such as ]. She frequently depicted flowers in her works. Among her best-known works are ''The Seasons'', ''April Morning, Place de la Concorde'', ''Among the Flowers'', ''Winter'', and portraits of actress Jeanne Samary, ], ], and ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.andreageyer.info/revolttheysaid/a.html|title=Revolt, They Said|last=Geyer|first=Andrea|date=|website=www.andreageyer.info|access-date=2017-06-05}}</ref> Abbéma specialized in oil portraits and watercolors, and many of her works showed the influence from Chinese and Japanese painters, as well as contemporary masters such as ]. She frequently depicted flowers in her works. Among her best-known works are ''The Seasons'', ''April Morning, Place de la Concorde'', ''Among the Flowers'', ''Winter'', and portraits of actress Jeanne Samary, ], ], and ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.andreageyer.info/revolttheysaid/a.html|title=Revolt, They Said|last=Geyer|first=Andrea|website=www.andreageyer.info|access-date=2017-06-05}}</ref>


Abbéma was also an accomplished printmaker, sculptor, and designer, as well as a writer who made regular contributions to the journals ''Gazette des Beaux-Arts'' and ''L'Art''.<ref name=":1" /> She also illustrated several books, including la mer, René Maizeroy.<ref>http://www.femmespeintres.net/peintres/rev/abbema.htm</ref> Abbéma was also an accomplished printmaker, sculptor, and designer, as well as a writer who made regular contributions to the journals ''Gazette des Beaux-Arts'' and ''L'Art''.<ref name=":1" /> She also illustrated several books, including la mer, René Maizeroy.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}


Among the many honors conferred upon Abbéma was Palme Academiques, 1887<ref>"]" Edited by Gaze, Delia. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 1997, pp161-165.</ref> and nomination as "Official Painter of the ]." She was also awarded a bronze medal at the 1900 ]. In 1906 she was decorated as ]. Among the many honors conferred upon Abbéma was Palme Academiques, 1887<ref>"]" Edited by Gaze, Delia. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 1997, pp161-165.</ref> and nomination as "Official Painter of the ]." She was also awarded a bronze medal at the 1900 ]. In 1906 she was decorated as ].


She never married and there has been longtime speculations that she was a lesbian. This however was never openly stated by her and she actually opposed women's wearing masculine clothing and even ] and the suffragette movement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.imagesmusicales.be/louise-abbema-quaint-flower-of-the-belle-epoque/|title=Louise Abbéma, Quaint Flower of the Belle Époque}}</ref>
⚫ Abbéma died in Paris in 1927. At the end of the 20th century, as contributions by women to the arts in past centuries received more critical and historical attention, her works have been enjoying a renewed popularity.

⚫ Abbéma died in Paris in 1927.<ref name="Aurora"/> At the end of the 20th century, as contributions by women to the arts in past centuries received more critical and historical attention, her works have been enjoying a renewed popularity. Abbéma was included in the 2018 exhibit ''Women in Paris 1850-1900''.<ref name="Madeline">{{cite book |last1=Madeline |first1=Laurence |title=Women artists in Paris, 1850-1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300223934}}</ref>


==New Woman== ==New Woman==
As educational opportunities were made more available in the 19th-century, women artists became part of professional enterprises, including founding their own art associations. Artwork made by women was considered to be inferior, and to help overcome that stereotype women became "increasingly vocal and confident" in promoting women's work, and thus became part of the emerging image of the educated, modern and freer "]".<ref>Laura R. Prieto. ''''. Harvard University Press; 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-674-00486-3}}. pp. 145–146.</ref> Artists then, "played crucial roles in representing the New Woman, both by drawing images of the icon and exemplifying this emerging type through their own lives,"<ref>Laura R. Prieto. ''''. Harvard University Press; 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-674-00486-3}}. p. 160–161.</ref> including Abbéma who created androgynous self-portraits to "link intellectual life through emphasis on ]ity".<ref name="Brown2012">Kathryn Brown. ''''. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.; 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-4094-0875-8}}. p. 209.</ref> Many other portraits included androgynously dressed women, and women participating in intellectual and other pastimes traditionally associated with men.<ref name=":1" /> As educational opportunities were made more available in the 19th century, women artists became part of professional enterprises, including founding their own art associations. Artwork made by women was considered to be inferior, and to help overcome that stereotype women became "increasingly vocal and confident" in promoting women's work, and thus became part of the emerging image of the educated, modern and freer "]".<ref>Laura R. Prieto. ''''. Harvard University Press; 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-674-00486-3}}. pp. 145–146.</ref> Artists then, "played crucial roles in representing the New Woman, both by drawing images of the icon and exemplifying this emerging type through their own lives,"<ref>Laura R. Prieto. ''''. Harvard University Press; 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-674-00486-3}}. p. 160–161.</ref> including Abbéma who created androgynous self-portraits to "link intellectual life through emphasis on ]ity".<ref name="Brown2012">Kathryn Brown. ''''. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.; 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-4094-0875-8}}. p. 209.</ref> Many other portraits included androgynously dressed women, and women participating in intellectual and other pastimes traditionally associated with men.<ref name=":1" />


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<gallery> <gallery>
File:Louise Abbéma - A Game of Croquet.jpg|''A Game of Croquet ''(1872) File:Louise Abbéma - A Game of Croquet.jpg|''A Game of Croquet ''(1872)
File:ABBEMA Renee Delmas de Pont-Jest - 1875.jpg|''Renée Delmas de Pont-Jest'' (1875)
File:Bernhardt, Sarah (1844-1923) - 1875 - ritratta da Abbema, Louise (1858-1927).jpeg|''Sarah Bernhart'' (1875) File:Bernhardt, Sarah (1844-1923) - 1875 - ritratta da Abbema, Louise (1858-1927).jpeg|''Sarah Bernhart'' (1875)
File:Louise Abbéma, Autoportrait à l'âge de dix-huit ans, 1876.jpeg|''Self-portrait, age 18'' (1876) File:Louise Abbéma, Autoportrait à l'âge de dix-huit ans, 1876.jpeg|''Self-portrait, age 23'' (1876)
File:Jeanne Samary portrait by Louise Abbéma.jpg|''Portrait de Jeanne Samary'' File:Jeanne Samary portrait by Louise Abbéma.jpg|''Portrait de Jeanne Samary''
File:Louise Abbéma.jpg|''Matin d'avril, Place de la Concorde, Paris'' (1894) File:Louise Abbéma.jpg|''Matin d'avril, Place de la Concorde, Paris'' (1894)
File:L. Abbéma Au Piano.jpg|''Au piano'' (''circa'' 1880) File:L. Abbéma Au Piano.jpg|''Au piano'' (''circa'' 1880)
File:L. Abbema Flora.jpg|''Flora'' (1913) File:L. Abbema Flora.jpg|''Flora'' (1913)
File:Self-portrait by Louise Abbéma.jpg|Portrait of Madame B.'' (''circa'' 1900) File:Self-portrait by Louise Abbéma.jpg|Portrait of Madame B.'' (''circa'' 1900)
File:Louise Abbéma (1853-1927). Sarah Bernhardt.jpg|Sarah Bernhardt File:Louise Abbéma (1853-1927). Sarah Bernhardt.jpg|Sarah Bernhardt
File:Parisienne by Louise Abbéma.jpg|Fernand Desmoulin after Louise Abbéma, '''', after 1886, etching,
</gallery> </gallery>


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Latest revision as of 11:13, 10 November 2024

French painter
Louise Abbéma
Abbéma in 1914
Born(1853-10-30)30 October 1853
Étampes, Essonne, France
Died10 July 1927(1927-07-10) (aged 73)
Paris, France
Known forPainting, Sculpture
Abbéma at work in her studio.

Louise Abbéma (30 October 1853 – 29 July 1927) was a French painter, sculptor, and designer of the Belle Époque.

Biography

Abbéma was born in Étampes, Essonne. She was born into a wealthy Parisian family, who were well connected in the local artistic community. Her great-grandmother was the actress Louise Contat. She began painting in her early teens, and studied under such notables of the period as Charles Joshua Chaplin, Jean-Jacques Henner and Carolus-Duran. She first received recognition for her work at age 23 when she painted a portrait of Sarah Bernhardt, her lifelong friend and possibly her lover.

She went on to paint portraits of other contemporary notables, and also painted panels and murals which adorned the Paris Town Hall, the Paris Opera House, numerous theatres including the "Theatre Sarah Bernhardt", and the "Palace of the Colonial Governor" at Dakar, Senegal. She had an academic and impressionistic style, painting with light and rapid brushstrokes.

She was a regular exhibitor at the Paris Salon, where she received an honorable mention for her panels in 1881. Abbéma was also among the female artists whose works were exhibited in the Women's Building at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. A bust Sarah Bernhardt sculpted of Abbéma was also exhibited at the exposition.

Abbéma specialized in oil portraits and watercolors, and many of her works showed the influence from Chinese and Japanese painters, as well as contemporary masters such as Édouard Manet. She frequently depicted flowers in her works. Among her best-known works are The Seasons, April Morning, Place de la Concorde, Among the Flowers, Winter, and portraits of actress Jeanne Samary, Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil, Ferdinand de Lesseps, and Charles Garnier.

Abbéma was also an accomplished printmaker, sculptor, and designer, as well as a writer who made regular contributions to the journals Gazette des Beaux-Arts and L'Art. She also illustrated several books, including la mer, René Maizeroy.

Among the many honors conferred upon Abbéma was Palme Academiques, 1887 and nomination as "Official Painter of the Third Republic." She was also awarded a bronze medal at the 1900 Exposition Universelle. In 1906 she was decorated as Chevalier of the Order of the Légion d'honneur.

She never married and there has been longtime speculations that she was a lesbian. This however was never openly stated by her and she actually opposed women's wearing masculine clothing and even feminism and the suffragette movement.

Abbéma died in Paris in 1927. At the end of the 20th century, as contributions by women to the arts in past centuries received more critical and historical attention, her works have been enjoying a renewed popularity. Abbéma was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850-1900.

New Woman

As educational opportunities were made more available in the 19th century, women artists became part of professional enterprises, including founding their own art associations. Artwork made by women was considered to be inferior, and to help overcome that stereotype women became "increasingly vocal and confident" in promoting women's work, and thus became part of the emerging image of the educated, modern and freer "New Woman". Artists then, "played crucial roles in representing the New Woman, both by drawing images of the icon and exemplifying this emerging type through their own lives," including Abbéma who created androgynous self-portraits to "link intellectual life through emphasis on ocularity". Many other portraits included androgynously dressed women, and women participating in intellectual and other pastimes traditionally associated with men.

Gallery

References

  1. "Ville d'Etampes: Acte de naissance de Louise Abbéma (31 octobre 1853)". www.corpusetampois.com. Retrieved 2022-11-25.
  2. ^ Aurora: The Journal of the History of Art. Aurora. 2002. p. 62.
  3. ^ "Louise Abbéma | National Museum of Women in the Arts". nmwa.org. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
  4. Taranow, Gerda (1996). The Bernhardt Hamlet: Culture and Context. P. Lang. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-8204-2335-7.
  5. Taranow, Gerda (1996). The Bernhardt Hamlet: culture and context. P. Lang. ISBN 0-8204-2335-1.
  6. Summers, Clude J. (2004). The Queer Encyclopedia of the Visual Arts. San Francisco, CA: Cleis. p. 2. ISBN 1573441910.
  7. ^ Geyer, Andrea. "Revolt, They Said". www.andreageyer.info. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
  8. "Dictionary of Women Artists" Edited by Gaze, Delia. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers 1997, pp161-165.
  9. "Louise Abbéma, Quaint Flower of the Belle Époque".
  10. Madeline, Laurence (2017). Women artists in Paris, 1850-1900. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300223934.
  11. Laura R. Prieto. At Home in the Studio: The Professionalization of Women Artists in America. Harvard University Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-674-00486-3. pp. 145–146.
  12. Laura R. Prieto. At Home in the Studio: The Professionalization of Women Artists in America. Harvard University Press; 2001. ISBN 978-0-674-00486-3. p. 160–161.
  13. Kathryn Brown. Women Readers in French Painting 1870-1890: A Space for the Imagination. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.; 2012. ISBN 978-1-4094-0875-8. p. 209.

External links

New Woman of the late 19th century (born before 1880)
Artists
Writers
Educators
Literature about
the New Woman
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