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| {{Short description|Defunct airline of Pakistan (1947–1955)}} | |||
| {{More citations needed|date=March 2009}} | {{More citations needed|date=March 2009}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
| {{Infobox airline | {{Infobox airline | ||
| | airline = Orient Airways | | airline = Orient Airways | ||
| | image = |
| image = Orient airways.jpg | ||
| | caption = |
| caption = | ||
| | IATA = - | | IATA = - | ||
| | ICAO = - | | ICAO = - | ||
| | callsign = |
| callsign = ORIENT | ||
| | founded = |
| founded = 29 October 1946 | ||
| | commenced = 4 June 1947 | | commenced = 4 June 1947 | ||
| | ceased = 11 March 1955 | | ceased = 11 March 1955 | ||
| *Merged into ] | *Merged into ] | ||
| | bases = ] | | bases = {{hlist|]|]|]}} | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| | aoc = | | aoc = | ||
| | hubs = <!-- {{plainlist|*] }} --> | | hubs = <!-- {{plainlist|*] }} --> | ||
| Line 23: | Line 22: | ||
| | parent = | | parent = | ||
| | num_employees = | | num_employees = | ||
| | headquarters = ], ], ] | | headquarters = ], ] | ||
| ⚫ | | key_people = {{ubl|] <small>(Chairman)</small>|] <small>(Managing Director)</small>|Captain T. Neville Stack <small>(General Manager)</small><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://karachiandthecrown.blogspot.com/2013/08/airlines-orient-airways.html |title=History of Orient Airways |access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref>}} | ||
| | key_people = ] <small>(Chairman)</small> | |||
| ] <small>(Managing Director)</small> | |||
| ⚫ | Captain T. Neville Stack <small>(General Manager)</small><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://karachiandthecrown.blogspot.com/2013/08/airlines-orient-airways.html |title=History of Orient Airways |access-date=2019 |
||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Orient Airways''' |
'''Orient Airways Ltd.''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|اورینٹ ایَیر ویز لمیٹڈ}}}}) was an airline established in 1946 with its base in ], ], ]. The airline shifted operations to the newly independent state of ] in 1947,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://labs1.tribune.com.pk/pia-descent/|title=PIA's Seventy Year Long Descent|work=The Express Tribune|first=Saad|last=Hasan|date=23 May 2016|access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> and was rechristened as ] in 1955.<ref name="Lynch1984">{{cite book|author=James J Lynch|title=Airline Organization in the 1980s: An Industry Report on Strategies and Structures for Coping withChange|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZOvCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA98|date=11 November 1984|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-07630-7|pages=98–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sánchez-Triana |first=Ernesto |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OUISAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA205 |title=Greening Growth in Pakistan through Transport Sector Reforms: A Strategic Environmental, Poverty, and Social Assessment |author2=Javaid Afzal |author3=Dan Biller |author4=Sohail Malik |date=18 July 2013 |publisher=World Bank Publications |isbn=978-0-8213-9930-9 |pages=205–}}</ref> It was the first and only ] owned airline in ] and flew from 1947 to 1955.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/events/pml/review9.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207071749/http://www.dawn.com/events/pml/review9.htm|title=Formation of Muslim-owned economic institutions: 1940-1947|archive-date=7 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.piac.com.pk/pia_about/pia-about_history.asp |title= Pakistani International Airlines: About PIA – History |access-date= 20 March 2014 }}</ref> | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| The airline was registered in Calcutta, ] on 23 October 1946.<ref name="sc"> Judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan p. 6. Retrieved 31 October 2015</ref> The initial investment was provided by the Ispahani, Adamjee, and the Arag group.<ref name=" sc"/> ], being its first |
The airline was registered in Calcutta, ] on 23 October 1946.<ref name="sc"> Judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan p. 6. Retrieved 31 October 2015</ref> The initial investment was provided by the Ispahani, Adamjee, and the Arag group.<ref name=" sc"/> ], being its first chairman, and Air Vice-Marshal O.K. Carter, the general manager, obtained an operating license in May 1947. Four Douglas DC-3s were obtained from ] in February 1947 and operations first started on 4 June 1947.<ref name=" sc"/> The designated route was ]-] (then known as Akyab)-] (Myanmar), which also happened to be the first post-war international operation to be flown by an airline registered in the ]. | ||
| Orient Airways, along with the help of some chartered ] aircraft, started relief operations and transportation of the population between ] and ], the capitals of India and Pakistan, respectively. Later, Orient Airways transferred its base to ] and established the vital link between |
Orient Airways, along with the help of some chartered ] aircraft, started relief operations and transportation of the population between ] and ], the capitals of India and Pakistan, respectively. Later, Orient Airways transferred its base to ] and established the vital link between Karachi and ] (Dacca). With a skeleton fleet of just two DC-3s, three crew, and twelve mechanics, Orient Airways re-launched its scheduled operations. The initial routes were ]-]-], ]-]-], and ]-]-]-]. By the end of 1949, Orient Airways had acquired 10 ]s and three ]s which it operated on these particular routes. In 1950, it had become increasingly apparent that additional capacity was needed to cater to the growing needs of the population. | ||
| On 11 March 1955, the government of Pakistan merged Orient Airways with other airlines to form ]. | On 11 March 1955, the government of Pakistan merged Orient Airways with other airlines to form ]. | ||
| == Livery == | == Livery == | ||
| Orient Airways aircraft had a green strip with the word "Orient Airways" or "Orient Skyliner". The tail was marked with the flag of Pakistan after the ] on 14 August 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DOrient%2BAirways%26b%3D81%26ni%3D20%26ei%3Dutf-8%26y%3DSearch%26xargs%3D0%26pstart%3D1%26fr%3Dmoz35&w=625&h=435&imgurl=www.edcoatescollection.com%2Fac5%2FROW%2520Asia%2FAP-AEF.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edcoatescollection.com%2Fac5%2FROW%2520Asia%2FAP-AEF.html&size=34k&name=AP+AEF+jpg&p=Orient+Airways&oid=768403fffad695f6&fr2=&no=86&tt=325&b=81&ni=20&sigr=11srljr5j&sigi=11khmu5si&sigb= |title=<nowiki>Image Detail for |
Orient Airways aircraft had a green strip with the word "Orient Airways" or "Orient Skyliner". The tail was marked with the flag of Pakistan after the ] on 14 August 1947.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.search.yahoo.com/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.search.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%2Fimages%3Fp%3DOrient%2BAirways%26b%3D81%26ni%3D20%26ei%3Dutf-8%26y%3DSearch%26xargs%3D0%26pstart%3D1%26fr%3Dmoz35&w=625&h=435&imgurl=www.edcoatescollection.com%2Fac5%2FROW%2520Asia%2FAP-AEF.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edcoatescollection.com%2Fac5%2FROW%2520Asia%2FAP-AEF.html&size=34k&name=AP+AEF+jpg&p=Orient+Airways&oid=768403fffad695f6&fr2=&no=86&tt=325&b=81&ni=20&sigr=11srljr5j&sigi=11khmu5si&sigb= |title=<nowiki>Image Detail for: http://www.edcoatescollection.com/ac5/ROW%20Asia/AP-AEF.jpg</nowiki> |publisher=Images.search.yahoo.com |access-date=4 March 2012}}</ref> | ||
| == Fleet == | == Fleet == | ||
| Line 71: | Line 68: | ||
| === Former fleet === | === Former fleet === | ||
| ] is now a coffee shop at the ] in ]. |
] is now a coffee shop at the ] in ]. Circa 1953.]] | ||
| {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center; margin: 1em auto;" | {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center; margin: 1em auto;" | ||
| Line 91: | Line 88: | ||
| === Routes === | === Routes === | ||
| The following return routes were advised by the |
The following return routes were advised by the board (1948):<ref name="auto"/> | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Quetta-Lahore | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Lahore-Rawalpindi-Peshawar | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Delhi-Allahabad-Calcutta-Dacca-Chittagong | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Ahmedabad-Bombay | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Quetta-Zahidan-Meshad-Tehran<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1948/1948%20-%201030.html |title=History of Orient Airways|access-date=7 February 2019}}</ref> | ||
| === Other routes operating === | === Other routes operating === | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Dacca-Delhi-Karachi (daily service since March 1952) | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Dacca via Lahore (not sure if it stopped in Lahore on both legs) | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Multan-Lahore & return (1952) | ||
| * |
* Karachi-Delhi-Calcutta-?? (1949) | ||
| === Airmail === | === Airmail === | ||
| Orient Airways was the designated local carrier for airmail throughout the country. It also carried mail to India. Its services to Dacca were supplemented by |
Orient Airways was the designated local carrier for airmail throughout the country. It also carried mail to India. Its services to Dacca were supplemented by BOACs. | ||
| == Accidents and incidents == | == Accidents and incidents == | ||
| Line 114: | Line 111: | ||
| '''1950s''' | '''1950s''' | ||
| * In October 1952, Orient Airways |
* In October 1952, an Orient Airways cargo flight from Karachi to Dacca was crashed. One of three was killed in this crash. | ||
| * On Monday 3 August 1953, the ] registered AP-AAD |
* On Monday 3 August 1953, the ] registered AP-AAD was operating on a hajj flight, carrying pilgrims from ] to ] via ] and ]. The leg to Bahrain was to be flown by the first officer from the left-hand seat. Shortly after takeoff the aircraft entered a steep descending turn. The captain took over control but could not recover the aircraft. The Douglas DC-3 struck the ground. One of 25 was killed in this crash. "The accident resulted from the loss of control of the aircraft by the first officer shortly after taking off on a dark night when instrument flying was necessary. This loss of control was due to the inability of the first officer to fly on instruments. The responsibility for the accident is attributed to the captain for failing to supervise the piloting of the aircraft by the first officer."{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 05:45, 23 November 2024
Defunct airline of Pakistan (1947–1955) | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Orient Airways" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
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| |||||||
| Founded | 29 October 1946 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commenced operations | 4 June 1947 | ||||||
| Ceased operations | 11 March 1955
| ||||||
| Operating bases | |||||||
| Fleet size | 10 Douglas DC-3 3 Convair 240 | ||||||
| Headquarters | Karachi, Pakistan | ||||||
| Key people |
| ||||||
Orient Airways Ltd. (Urdu: اورینٹ ایَیر ویز لمیٹڈ) was an airline established in 1946 with its base in Calcutta, Bengal, British India. The airline shifted operations to the newly independent state of Pakistan in 1947, and was rechristened as Pakistan International Airlines in 1955. It was the first and only Muslim owned airline in British Raj and flew from 1947 to 1955.
History
The airline was registered in Calcutta, British Raj on 23 October 1946. The initial investment was provided by the Ispahani, Adamjee, and the Arag group. Mirza Ahmad Ispahani, being its first chairman, and Air Vice-Marshal O.K. Carter, the general manager, obtained an operating license in May 1947. Four Douglas DC-3s were obtained from Temple, Texas in February 1947 and operations first started on 4 June 1947. The designated route was Kolkata-Sittwe (then known as Akyab)-Yangon (Myanmar), which also happened to be the first post-war international operation to be flown by an airline registered in the British Raj.
Orient Airways, along with the help of some chartered BOAC aircraft, started relief operations and transportation of the population between Delhi and Karachi, the capitals of India and Pakistan, respectively. Later, Orient Airways transferred its base to Pakistan and established the vital link between Karachi and Dhaka (Dacca). With a skeleton fleet of just two DC-3s, three crew, and twelve mechanics, Orient Airways re-launched its scheduled operations. The initial routes were Karachi-Lahore-Peshawar, Karachi-Quetta-Lahore, and Karachi-Delhi-Kolkata-Dhaka. By the end of 1949, Orient Airways had acquired 10 DC-3s and three Convair 240s which it operated on these particular routes. In 1950, it had become increasingly apparent that additional capacity was needed to cater to the growing needs of the population.
On 11 March 1955, the government of Pakistan merged Orient Airways with other airlines to form Pakistan International Airlines.
Livery
Orient Airways aircraft had a green strip with the word "Orient Airways" or "Orient Skyliner". The tail was marked with the flag of Pakistan after the independence on 14 August 1947.
Fleet
.jpg)
Orient Airways aircraft fleet consisted of the following aircraft. The aircraft had only Economy Class.
| Aircraft | In service | Orders | Passengers | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convair CV-240-5 | 3 | — | 40 | All aircraft are added into Pakistan International Airlines. |
| Douglas DC-3 | 10 | — | 25 | |
| Total | 13 | — |
Former fleet
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Douglas DC-3 | 1 | 1947 | 1953 | 1-crashed |
Services
Routes
The following return routes were advised by the board (1948):
- Karachi-Quetta-Lahore
- Karachi-Lahore-Rawalpindi-Peshawar
- Karachi-Delhi-Allahabad-Calcutta-Dacca-Chittagong
- Karachi-Ahmedabad-Bombay
- Karachi-Quetta-Zahidan-Meshad-Tehran
Other routes operating
- Karachi-Dacca-Delhi-Karachi (daily service since March 1952)
- Karachi-Dacca via Lahore (not sure if it stopped in Lahore on both legs)
- Karachi-Multan-Lahore & return (1952)
- Karachi-Delhi-Calcutta-?? (1949)
Airmail
Orient Airways was the designated local carrier for airmail throughout the country. It also carried mail to India. Its services to Dacca were supplemented by BOACs.
Accidents and incidents
Orient Airways experienced has lost only two aircraft in crashes in 1952 and 1953 respectively.
1950s
- In October 1952, an Orient Airways cargo flight from Karachi to Dacca was crashed. One of three was killed in this crash.
- On Monday 3 August 1953, the Douglas DC-3 registered AP-AAD was operating on a hajj flight, carrying pilgrims from Karachi to Jeddah via Sharjah and Bahrain. The leg to Bahrain was to be flown by the first officer from the left-hand seat. Shortly after takeoff the aircraft entered a steep descending turn. The captain took over control but could not recover the aircraft. The Douglas DC-3 struck the ground. One of 25 was killed in this crash. "The accident resulted from the loss of control of the aircraft by the first officer shortly after taking off on a dark night when instrument flying was necessary. This loss of control was due to the inability of the first officer to fly on instruments. The responsibility for the accident is attributed to the captain for failing to supervise the piloting of the aircraft by the first officer."
See also
References
- ^ "History of Orient Airways". Retrieved 7 February 2019.
- Hasan, Saad (23 May 2016). "PIA's Seventy Year Long Descent". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
- James J Lynch (11 November 1984). Airline Organization in the 1980s: An Industry Report on Strategies and Structures for Coping withChange. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-1-349-07630-7.
- Sánchez-Triana, Ernesto; Javaid Afzal; Dan Biller; Sohail Malik (18 July 2013). Greening Growth in Pakistan through Transport Sector Reforms: A Strategic Environmental, Poverty, and Social Assessment. World Bank Publications. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-0-8213-9930-9.
- "Formation of Muslim-owned economic institutions: 1940-1947". Archived from the original on 7 February 2009.
- "Pakistani International Airlines: About PIA – History". Retrieved 20 March 2014.
- ^ Civil Appeal nos 172K to 175K, 177K to 182 K of 2009 Judgement of the Supreme Court of Pakistan p. 6. Retrieved 31 October 2015
- "Image Detail for: http://www.edcoatescollection.com/ac5/ROW%20Asia/AP-AEF.jpg". Images.search.yahoo.com. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
- "History of Orient Airways". Retrieved 7 February 2019.
| Airlines of Pakistan | |
|---|---|
| Full service | |
| Low cost | |
| Cargo | |
| Defunct | |
| Pakistan International Airlines | |
|---|---|
| Services | |
| Assets and facilities | |
| Hubs | |
| Chairperson |
|
| Managing directors |
|
| Accidents/incidents | |
| See also | |