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{{Short description|Automobile layout}} |
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{{Short description|Automobile layout}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{Single source|date=April 2019}}] |
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{{original research|date=January 2023}} |
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In ], a '''FR''', or '''front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' is one where the ] is ] and ] via a ]. This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|title=Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car|publisher=www.sae.org|access-date=2008-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207074723/http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> Modern designs commonly use the ] (FF). It is also used in ] ] and ]. |
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{{more references|date=January 2023}} |
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{{Single source|date=April 2019}} |
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}} |
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] |
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A '''front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' '''(FR)''', also called '''Systeme Panhard'''<ref name="R-MH">{{cite web |title=The Nostalgia of Forgotten Gods: Panhard & Levassor, France, 1886-1967 |url=https://roarington.com/media-house/stories/the-nostalgia-of-forgotten-gods-panhard-and-levassor-france-1886-1967 |website=Roarington |access-date=26 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> is a ] with an engine in front and ], connected via a ]. This arrangement, with the engine straddling the front axle, was the traditional automobile layout for most of the pre-1950s automotive mechanical projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|title=Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car|publisher=www.sae.org|access-date=2008-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207074723/http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is also used in trucks, pickups, and ] ]es and ]es. |
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==Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout== |
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{{anchor|FMR layout}} |
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] |
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=={{anchor|FMR layout|FMR}}Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout== |
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In ], a '''front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FMR)''' is one that places the ] in the front, with the rear wheels of vehicle being driven. In contrast to the front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (FR), the engine is pushed back far enough that its ] is to the rear of the front axle. This aids in ] and reduces the ], improving the vehicle's ]. The mechanical layout of an FMR is substantially the same as an FR car. Some models of the same vehicle can be classified as either FR or FMR depending on the length of the installed engine (e.g. 4-cylinder vs. 6-cylinder) and its centre of mass in relation to the front axle. |
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[[File:Automotive diagrams 03 En.png|thumb|upright=1.25|FMR |
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layout, the engine is located behind the front axle]] |
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A '''front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' '''(FMR)''' places the engine in the front half of the vehicle but ''behind'' the front axle, which likewise drives the rear wheels via a driveshaft. Shifting the engine's ] rearward aids in front/rear ] and reduces the ], both of which improve a vehicle's ].{{citation needed span|While the mechanical layout of an FMR is substantially the same as an FR car, the classification of some models of the same vehicle may vary as either FR or FMR depending on the length of the engine (e.g. 4-cylinder vs. 6-cylinder) and its center of mass in relation to the front axle.|reason=It is a boldface potentially contentious claim without any support.|date=January 2023}} |
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===Characteristics=== |
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* FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. ]s often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine would not leave much space for the rear seats. |
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* FMR should also not be confused with a "front midships" location of the engine, referring to the engine being located fully behind the front axle centerline, in which case a car meeting the above FMR center of mass definition could be classified as a ] instead. The V35 ] / ] / ] are FR cars. |
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* FMR layout came standard in most pre–World War II, front-engine / rear-wheel-drive cars. |
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FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. ]-style ]s often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine does not leave much space for rear seats. |
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<gallery> |
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==Gallery== |
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File:GMLT5.JPG|All ] from the second generation (model year 1963) through the seventh generation (model year 2019) are FMR layouts as seen in the engine bay of the ]. |
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<gallery> |
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File:Honda F22C Engine.JPG|The ] engine sits clearly behind the top of the shock towers. |
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File:1968 AMC AMX yellow 390 auto md-er.jpg|The 390 cid V8 engine in a FR 1968 ] functionally straddles its front axle, with the centerline of the shock towers basically bisecting the center of the air cleaner |
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File:Morgan 4 4 - Flickr - Alexandre Prévot (1).jpg|The ] and ] are classic "front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layouts". |
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File:Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren engine.jpg|The engine bay of the ]. |
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E-Type Jag 4.2-litre engine 2022.jpg|The straight-6 DOHC ] clearly sits behind the front axle of an FMR ] |
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GMLT5.JPG|All ] from the second through the seventh generation are FMR. Only ancillary aspects of this ] engine may lie above the front axle. |
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File:2006 Maserati Quattroporte - Flickr - The Car Spy (4).jpg|The 4.2-litre V8 in the ] has FMR layout. |
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File:Dodge Viper Motorraum.JPG|Dodge Viper showing its 8.4l V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle |
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Dodge Viper Motorraum.JPG|An FMR ] showing its 8.4 L V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle |
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F_599_007.JPG|The ] V12 engine sitting behind the ]'s front axle. |
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</gallery> |
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</gallery> |
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== References == |
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==See also== |
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*] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. 2+2-style grand tourers often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine does not leave much space for rear seats.
The 390 cid V8 engine in a FR 1968 AMC AMX functionally straddles its front axle, with the centerline of the shock towers basically bisecting the center of the air cleaner
The straight-6 DOHC XK engine clearly sits behind the front axle of an FMR Jaguar E-Type
All Chevrolet Corvette from the second through the seventh generation are FMR. Only ancillary aspects of this Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1's engine may lie above the front axle.
An FMR Dodge Viper showing its 8.4 L V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle
The F140 C V12 engine sitting behind the Ferrari 599's front axle.
