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A '''front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' '''(FR)''' is an ] with an engine in front and ], connected via a ]. This arrangement, with the engine straddling the front axle, was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century, but the most car models and automotive platforms with this layout were designed before the 1930s, example General Motors A, B, C and D platforms, Ford T platform and others<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|title=Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car|publisher=www.sae.org|access-date=2008-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207074723/http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is also used in trucks, pickups, and ] ] and ]. |
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A '''front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' '''(FR)''', also called '''Systeme Panhard'''<ref name="R-MH">{{cite web |title=The Nostalgia of Forgotten Gods: Panhard & Levassor, France, 1886-1967 |url=https://roarington.com/media-house/stories/the-nostalgia-of-forgotten-gods-panhard-and-levassor-france-1886-1967 |website=Roarington |access-date=26 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> is a ] with an engine in front and ], connected via a ]. This arrangement, with the engine straddling the front axle, was the traditional automobile layout for most of the pre-1950s automotive mechanical projects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|title=Development of a New Hybrid Transmission for RWD Car|publisher=www.sae.org|access-date=2008-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207074723/http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/2006-01-1339|archive-date=2009-02-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is also used in trucks, pickups, and ] ]es and ]es. |
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=={{anchor|FMR layout|FMR}}Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout== |
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The FR layout was largely displaced by the ] (FF) and ] (AWD) layouts from the 1950s through the early-to-mid, mid and late 1970s, due to 1956 Oil Crisis, 1973 Oil Crisis and 1979 Oil Crisis.<ref>https://www.topspeed.com/cars/mini/1959-the-history-of-mini/ {{bare URL inline|date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>https://bvac.org.uk/history-of-the-mini/ {{bare URL inline|date=July 2023}}</ref><ref>https://www.autonews.com/article/20131013/GLOBAL/310139997/1979-oil-shock-meant-recession-for-u-s-depression-for-autos {{bare URL inline|date=July 2023}}</ref> |
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[[File:Automotive diagrams 03 En.png|thumb|upright=1.25|FMR |
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layout, the engine is located behind the front axle]] |
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A '''front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' '''(FMR)''' places the engine in the front half of the vehicle but ''behind'' the front axle, which likewise drives the rear wheels via a driveshaft. Shifting the engine's ] rearward aids in front/rear ] and reduces the ], both of which improve a vehicle's ].{{citation needed span|While the mechanical layout of an FMR is substantially the same as an FR car, the classification of some models of the same vehicle may vary as either FR or FMR depending on the length of the engine (e.g. 4-cylinder vs. 6-cylinder) and its center of mass in relation to the front axle.|reason=It is a boldface potentially contentious claim without any support.|date=January 2023}} |
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==Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout== |
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{{anchor|FMR layout}} |
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A '''front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout''' '''(FMR)''' places the engine in the front of the vehicle but ''behind'' the front axle, which likewise drives the rear wheels via a driveshaft. Shifting the engine's ] rearward aids in front/rear ] and reduces the ], both of which improve a vehicle's ]. {{citation needed span|While the layout of an FMR is substantially the same as an FR car, the classification of some models of the same vehicle may vary as either FR or FMR depending on the length of the engine (e.g. 4-cylinder vs. 6-cylinder) and its center of mass in relation to the front axle.|reason=It is a boldface potentially contentious claim without any support.|date=January 2023}} |
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FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. ]-style ]s often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine does not leave much space for rear seats. |
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FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. ]-style ]s often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine does not leave much space for rear seats. |
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==Gallery== |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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File:1968 AMC AMX yellow 390 auto md-er.jpg|The 390 cd V8 engine in a FR 1968 ] functionally straddles its front axle, with the centerline of the shock towers basically bisecting the center of the air cleaner |
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File:1968 AMC AMX yellow 390 auto md-er.jpg|The 390 cid V8 engine in a FR 1968 ] functionally straddles its front axle, with the centerline of the shock towers basically bisecting the center of the air cleaner |
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E-Type Jag 4.2-litre engine 2022.jpg|The straight-6 DOHC ] clearly sits behind the front axle of an FMR ] |
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E-Type Jag 4.2-litre engine 2022.jpg|The straight-6 DOHC ] clearly sits behind the front axle of an FMR ] |
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GMLT5.JPG|All ] from the second generation (model year 1963) through the seventh generation (model year 2019) are FMR. Only ancillary aspects of this ] engine may lie above the front axle. |
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GMLT5.JPG|All ] from the second through the seventh generation are FMR. Only ancillary aspects of this ] engine may lie above the front axle. |
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Dodge Viper Motorraum.JPG|An FMR ] showing its 8.4l V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle |
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Dodge Viper Motorraum.JPG|An FMR ] showing its 8.4 L V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle |
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F_599_007.JPG|The ] V12 engine sitting behind the ]'s front axle. |
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</gallery> |
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</gallery> |
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== See also == |
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==See also== |
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== References == |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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FMR cars are often characterized by a long hood and front wheels that are pushed forward to the corners of the vehicle, close to the front bumper. 2+2-style grand tourers often have FMR layouts, as a rear engine does not leave much space for rear seats.
The 390 cid V8 engine in a FR 1968 AMC AMX functionally straddles its front axle, with the centerline of the shock towers basically bisecting the center of the air cleaner
The straight-6 DOHC XK engine clearly sits behind the front axle of an FMR Jaguar E-Type
All Chevrolet Corvette from the second through the seventh generation are FMR. Only ancillary aspects of this Chevrolet Corvette ZR-1's engine may lie above the front axle.
An FMR Dodge Viper showing its 8.4 L V10 positioned behind the car’s front axle
The F140 C V12 engine sitting behind the Ferrari 599's front axle.
