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{{short description|American mathematical statistician and mycologist (1924-1981)}}
⚫ ]
{{Infobox scientist
'''Jack Carl Kiefer''' (January 25, 1924 – August 10, 1981) was an American ].
| honorific_prefix =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|01|25}}
| birth_place = ], USA
| death_date = {{death_date_and_age|1981|08|10 |1924|01|25}}
| death_place = ], USA
| name = Jack Carl Kiefer
⚫ | image = ]
| caption = Jack Kiefer in 1979
| education = ]<br>]
| doctoral_advisor = ]<br>]
| academic_advisors =
| workplaces = ]<br>]
| doctoral_students = ]<br>]
| website =
}}
'''Jack Carl Kiefer''' (January 25, 1924 – August 10, 1981) was an American mathematical ] at ] (1952 to 1979) and the ] (1979 to 1981). His research interests included the ], which was his major research area, as well as a wide variety of topics in mathematical statistics.<ref name="m+as" />


== Biography == == Biography ==


Jack Kiefer was born on January 25, 1924, in ], to Carl Jack Kiefer and Marguerite K. Rosenau. He began his undergraduate studies at the ] in 1942, but left after one year, taking up a position as ] in the ] during ]. In 1946, he returned to MIT, graduating with bachelor's and master's degrees in ] and ] in 1948 under the supervision of Harold Freeman. He then began graduate studies at ], under the supervision of ] and ], receiving his Ph.D. in mathematical statistics in 1952. While still a graduate student, he began teaching at ], remaining there until 1979, when he retired from Cornell and accepted a new position as Miller Research Professor in the Department of Statistics and Mathematics at the ]. In 1957, he married Dooley Sciple, a former undergraduate student of his at Cornell, with whom he had two children. Kiefer died of a heart attack in ] on August 10, 1981.<ref name="m+as">{{harvnb|Bechhofer|1982}}; {{harvnb|O'Connor|Robertson|2004}}.</ref> Jack Kiefer was born in ], to Carl Jack Kiefer and Marguerite K. Rosenau. He began his undergraduate studies at the ] in 1942, but left after one year, taking up a position as ] in the ] during ], during which he taught about ] systems. In 1946, he returned to MIT, graduating with bachelor's and master's degrees in ] and ] in 1948 under the supervision of Harold Freeman. He then began graduate studies at ], under the supervision of ] and ], receiving his Ph.D. in ] in 1952.<ref name="m+as"/>
While still a graduate student, he began teaching at ] in 1951.<ref name="chron-1973"/> There was an active scene of inquiry in the fields of probability and statistics on the campus,<ref name="sacks"/> and he became an assistant professor in 1952 and an associate professor in 1955.<ref name="chron-1973"/> In 1957, he married Dooley Sciple, a former undergraduate student of his at Cornell, with whom he had two children.<ref name="m+as"/>

He was appointed a full professor in 1959.<ref name="chron-1973"/> Courses that Kiefer taught at Cornell included "Statistics" and "Sequential Analysis and Nonparametric Inference".<ref>{{cite book | title=Cornell University Announcements: College of Arts and Sciences, 1973–74 | publisher=Cornell University | date=July 16, 1973 | page=134}}</ref> He was an editor for several academic journals during his time there.<ref name="chron-1973"/>

Kiefer was publicly active in ],<ref name="ij-1968"/> in particular via ].<ref>See for instance {{cite news | url=https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19670417-01.2.7&srpos=3&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-jack+kiefer------ | title=Group Pledges Tax Boycott | newspaper=The Cornell Daily Sun | date=April 17, 1967 | page=1}} and {{cite news | url=https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19700416.2.15&srpos=1&e=------197-en-20--1--txt-txIN-jack+kiefer------ | title=Call Off the War | newspaper=The Cornell Daily Sun | date=April 16, 1970 | page=4 | type=Letter to the editor}}</ref> A resident of ], he was a member of county committees and executive committees of ] for a number of years.<ref name="ij-1968">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ithaca-journal/160536414/ | title=Liberals Choose Math Professor | newspaper=The Ithaca Journal | date=May 31, 1968 | page=5 | via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In 1968, he ran for the ] as the candidate of the Liberal Party.<ref name="ij-1968"/><ref name="bing-1968"/> He waged what he called a "limited educational campaign" to highlight a choice beyond the two major parties,<ref name="cdsun-1968">{{cite news | url=https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19681101.2.2&srpos=2&e=------196-en-20--1--txt-txIN-jack+kiefer------ | title=Politicos Debate Election | first=Donna | last=Greenberg | newspaper=The Cornell Daily Sun | date=November 1, 1968 | pages=1, 20}}</ref> acknowledging that his ] of winning the election was zero.<ref name="sacks">{{harvnb|Sacks|1984}}</ref> Incumbent ] was reelected, with Kiefer receiving about 4.5&nbsp;percent of the vote.<ref name="bing-1968">{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/press-and-sun-bulletin/160532739/ | title=Mrs. Cook, William T. Smith Tick Off Wide Vote Margins | newspaper=The Evening Press | location=Binghampton, New York| date= November 6, 1968 | page=3 | via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> During the early 1970s, Kiefer was on a committee offering views to Cornell's board of trustees regarding ].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://cdsun.library.cornell.edu/?a=d&d=CDS19720331.2.2&srpos=9&e=------197-en-20--1--txt-txIN-jack+kiefer------ | title=Stock Proxies Raise Controversy | newspaper=The Cornell Daily Sun | date=March 31, 1972 | pages=1, 14}}</ref>

In 1979, he accepted early retirement from Cornell and accepted a new position as Miller Research Professor in the Department of Statistics and Mathematics at the ]. Kiefer died of a heart attack in ] on August 10, 1981.<ref name="m+as">{{harvnb|Bechhofer|1982}}; {{harvnb|O'Connor|Robertson|2004}}.</ref>


== Awards and honors == == Awards and honors ==


Kiefer was a ] of the ] and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, a member of the ] (elected 1972) and of the ] (elected 1975). From 1969–1970 he was president of the ].<ref name="m+as"/> In 1973, Kiefer and ] were the first two Cornell faculty elected as ] Professors.<ref>, ''Cornell Chronicle'', vol. 4, no. 19, Feb. 22, 1973. Page 3. Retrieved May 30, 2011.</ref> Kiefer was a ] of the ] and of the ], a member of the ] (elected 1972) and of the ] (elected 1975). From 1969–1970 he was president of the ].<ref name="m+as"/>
In 1973, Kiefer and the physicist-chemist-mathematician ] were the first two Cornell faculty elected as Horace White Professors, a new position named after ].<ref name="chron-1973">, ''Cornell Chronicle'', vol. 4, no. 19, Feb. 22, 1973. Page 3. Retrieved May 30, 2011.</ref>


== Contributions == == Contributions ==


Much of Kiefer's research was on the ];<ref>{{harvnb|Wynn|1984}}.</ref> the ''American Statistician'' obituary calls him "undoubtedly the foremost worker in ]". However, he also made significant contributions to other areas of statistics and optimization,<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1984}}</ref> including the introduction of ] (his master's thesis work) the ] and the ] (with ] and ]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lahiri|first=S. N|title=On the Bahadur—Ghosh—Kiefer representation of sample quantiles|journal=Statistics & Probability Letters|year=1992|volume=15|issue=2|pages=163–168|doi=10.1016/0167-7152(92)90130-w}}</ref> Much of Kiefer's research was on the ];<ref>{{harvnb|Wynn|1984}}.</ref> the ''American Statistician'' obituary calls him "undoubtedly the foremost worker in ]". However, he also made significant contributions to other areas of statistics and optimization,<ref>{{harvnb|Brown|1984}}</ref> including the introduction of ] (his master's thesis work) the ] and the ] (with ] and ]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lahiri|first=S. N|title=On the Bahadur–Ghosh–Kiefer representation of sample quantiles|journal=Statistics & Probability Letters|year=1992|volume=15|issue=2|pages=163–168|doi=10.1016/0167-7152(92)90130-w}}</ref>

==See also==
*]
*]
*]
*]


== Notes == == Notes ==
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| year = 1982 | year = 1982
| pages = 356–357 | pages = 356–357
| jstor = 2683084 <!-- also at https://magazine.amstat.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/kieferjack.pdf -->
| jstor = 2683084
| doi=10.1080/00031305.1982.10483047}}. | doi=10.1080/00031305.1982.10483047}}.
*{{citation *{{citation
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| first2 = Ingram | first2 = Ingram
| last2 = Olkin | last2 = Olkin
| authorlink2=Ingram Olkin | author-link2=Ingram Olkin
| last3 = Sacks | last3 = Sacks
| first3 = J. | first3 = J.
| last4 = Wynn | last4 = Wynn
| first4 = H. P. | first4 = H. P.
| id = | isbn = 978-0-387-96003-6 | isbn = 978-0-387-96003-6
}}. Reviewed in ''Biometrics'' '''43''' (1): 257. }}. Reviewed in ''Biometrics'' '''43''' (1): 257.
*{{citation *{{citation
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| doi = 10.1214/aos/1176346495| doi-access = free | doi = 10.1214/aos/1176346495| doi-access = free
}}. }}.
*{{MacTutor|id=Kiefer|title=Jack Kiefer}} *{{MacTutor|id=Kiefer|title=Jack Kiefer|date=2004}}
*{{citation *{{citation
| title = Jack Carl Kiefer 1924–1981 | title = Jack Carl Kiefer 1924–1981
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| year = 1984 | year = 1984
| pages = 403–405 | pages = 403–405
| doi = 10.1214/aos/1176346494| doi-access = free | doi = 10.1214/aos/1176346494| doi-access = free <!-- also at https://chance.dartmouth.edu/course/Evaluation/Kiefer.exam/Kiefer.html -->
}}. }}.
*{{citation *{{citation
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Latest revision as of 17:59, 8 December 2024

American mathematical statistician and mycologist (1924-1981)
Jack Carl Kiefer
Jack Kiefer in 1979
Born(1924-01-25)January 25, 1924
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
DiedAugust 10, 1981(1981-08-10) (aged 57)
Berkeley, California, USA
EducationMIT
Columbia University
Scientific career
InstitutionsCornell University
University of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisorAbraham Wald
Jacob Wolfowitz
Doctoral studentsLawrence D. Brown
Ker-Chau Li

Jack Carl Kiefer (January 25, 1924 – August 10, 1981) was an American mathematical statistician at Cornell University (1952 to 1979) and the University of California, Berkeley (1979 to 1981). His research interests included the optimal design of experiments, which was his major research area, as well as a wide variety of topics in mathematical statistics.

Biography

Jack Kiefer was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to Carl Jack Kiefer and Marguerite K. Rosenau. He began his undergraduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1942, but left after one year, taking up a position as first lieutenant in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II, during which he taught about radar systems. In 1946, he returned to MIT, graduating with bachelor's and master's degrees in economics and engineering in 1948 under the supervision of Harold Freeman. He then began graduate studies at Columbia University, under the supervision of Abraham Wald and Jacob Wolfowitz, receiving his Ph.D. in mathematical statistics in 1952.

While still a graduate student, he began teaching at Cornell University in 1951. There was an active scene of inquiry in the fields of probability and statistics on the campus, and he became an assistant professor in 1952 and an associate professor in 1955. In 1957, he married Dooley Sciple, a former undergraduate student of his at Cornell, with whom he had two children.

He was appointed a full professor in 1959. Courses that Kiefer taught at Cornell included "Statistics" and "Sequential Analysis and Nonparametric Inference". He was an editor for several academic journals during his time there.

Kiefer was publicly active in opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, in particular via tax resistance. A resident of Ithaca, New York, he was a member of county committees and executive committees of Liberal Party of New York for a number of years. In 1968, he ran for the New York State Assembly as the candidate of the Liberal Party. He waged what he called a "limited educational campaign" to highlight a choice beyond the two major parties, acknowledging that his prior probability of winning the election was zero. Incumbent Constance E. Cook was reelected, with Kiefer receiving about 4.5 percent of the vote. During the early 1970s, Kiefer was on a committee offering views to Cornell's board of trustees regarding socially responsible investing.

In 1979, he accepted early retirement from Cornell and accepted a new position as Miller Research Professor in the Department of Statistics and Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley. Kiefer died of a heart attack in Berkeley, California on August 10, 1981.

Awards and honors

Kiefer was a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (elected 1972) and of the United States National Academy of Sciences (elected 1975). From 1969–1970 he was president of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics.

In 1973, Kiefer and the physicist-chemist-mathematician Michael Fisher were the first two Cornell faculty elected as Horace White Professors, a new position named after the politician and Cornell scion.

Contributions

Much of Kiefer's research was on the design of experiments; the American Statistician obituary calls him "undoubtedly the foremost worker in optimal experimental design". However, he also made significant contributions to other areas of statistics and optimization, including the introduction of golden section search (his master's thesis work) the Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality and the Bahadur-Ghosh-Kiefer representation (with R. R. Bahadur and J. K. Ghosh).

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Bechhofer 1982; O'Connor & Robertson 2004.
  2. ^ "2 Professors Are Named To Horace White Chairs", Cornell Chronicle, vol. 4, no. 19, Feb. 22, 1973. Page 3. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  3. ^ Sacks 1984
  4. Cornell University Announcements: College of Arts and Sciences, 1973–74. Cornell University. July 16, 1973. p. 134.
  5. ^ "Liberals Choose Math Professor". The Ithaca Journal. May 31, 1968. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. See for instance "Group Pledges Tax Boycott". The Cornell Daily Sun. April 17, 1967. p. 1. and "Call Off the War". The Cornell Daily Sun (Letter to the editor). April 16, 1970. p. 4.
  7. ^ "Mrs. Cook, William T. Smith Tick Off Wide Vote Margins". The Evening Press. Binghampton, New York. November 6, 1968. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. Greenberg, Donna (November 1, 1968). "Politicos Debate Election". The Cornell Daily Sun. pp. 1, 20.
  9. "Stock Proxies Raise Controversy". The Cornell Daily Sun. March 31, 1972. pp. 1, 14.
  10. Wynn 1984.
  11. Brown 1984
  12. Lahiri, S. N (1992). "On the Bahadur–Ghosh–Kiefer representation of sample quantiles". Statistics & Probability Letters. 15 (2): 163–168. doi:10.1016/0167-7152(92)90130-w.

References

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