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{{Short description|Vulgar term}}
{{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{about|the vulgarism}}
{{For|the album by Australian grindcore band Blood Duster|Cunt (album)}}
{{wiktionary}} {{pp-semi-indef}}
{{pp-move}}
'''Cunt''' (]:{{IPA|/kʌnt/}}) is an ] ] referring generally to the ].<ref></ref> The earliest citation of this usage in the '']'', circa 1230, refers to the ] street known as "]".
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2024}}


"'''Cunt'''" ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-cunt.ogg|k|ʌ|n|t}}) is a ] for the ]<!-- (or vagina) --> in its primary sense, but it is used in a variety of ways, including as a ]. "Cunt" is often used as a disparaging and ] for a ] in the United States, an unpleasant or objectionable person (regardless of gender) in the United Kingdom and Ireland, or a contemptible man in Australia and New Zealand.<ref>{{Citation|title=cunt|date=2024-07-19|url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/cunt|work=Online Cambridge Dictionary}}</ref><ref name="Cunt 1">{{citation|title=cunt|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cunt|work=Dictionary – Merriam-Webster online|publisher=Merriam-Webster|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Cunt 2">{{citation|title=cunt|url=http://www.learnersdictionary.com/search/cunt|work=Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary|publisher=Merriam-Webster|access-date=13 September 2013|archive-date=23 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323233128/http://www.learnersdictionary.com/search/cunt|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cunt|url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/features/word/search/?word=cunt&search_word_type=Dictionary|url-access=subscription|access-date=25 June 2014|website=Macquarie Dictionary|publisher=Macmillan}}</ref> In Australia and New Zealand, it can also be a neutral or positive term when used with a positive qualifier (e.g., "He's a good cunt").<ref name="slate" /><ref name="spinoff" /> The term has various derivative senses, including adjective and verb uses.
"Cunt" is also used informally as a ] ] in referring to either sex, but this usage is relatively recent, dating back only as far as the late nineteenth century.<ref name = "Morton">{{cite book |title= The Lover's Tongue: A Merry Romp Through the Language of Love and Sex|last= Morton |first= Mark |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2004|publisher= Insomniac Press|location= Toronto, Canada|isbn= 978-1894663519 |pages= }}</ref> The ] defines "cunt" as "an unpleasant or stupid person", whereas ] defines the term as "a disparaging term for a woman" and "a woman regarded as a sexual object"; the ] of ] defines it as "a despicable man".


== History ==
The word appears to have been in common usage from the ] until the eighteenth century. After a period of disuse, usage became more frequent in the twentieth century and, in particular, in parallel with the rise of popular literature and pervasive media. The term also has various other derived uses and, like "]" and its derivatives, has been used '']'' as noun, pronoun, adjective, ] and other parts of speech.
The earliest known use of the word, according to the '']'', was as part of a ]: an Oxford street called ], {{circa|1230}}, now by the name of Grove Passage or Magpie Lane. Use of the word as a term of abuse is relatively recent, dating from the late nineteenth century.<ref name="Morton">{{cite book |title= The Lover's Tongue: A Merry Romp Through the Language of Love and Sex|last= Morton |first= Mark |year= 2004|publisher= Insomniac Press|location= Toronto, Canada|isbn= 978-1-894663-51-9 }}</ref> The word was not considered ] in the ], but became so during the seventeenth century,<ref name="Livingstone 2018 x888">{{cite magazine | last=Livingstone | first=Jo | title=What's So Bad About the C-Word? | magazine=The New Republic | date=5 June 2018 | url=https://newrepublic.com/article/148713/whats-bad-c-word | access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> and it was omitted from dictionaries from the late eighteenth century until the 1960s.<ref name="Mack 2023 g946">{{cite magazine | last=Mack | first=David | title=The C-Word Is Everywhere Right Now -- And Not in a Bad Way | magazine=Rolling Stone | date=15 May 2023 | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/c-word-is-everywhere-lgbt-tucker-carlson-1234735324/ | access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2023}}
Although it has been said that "etymologists are unlikely to come to an agreement about the origins of cunt any time soon",<ref>{{cite book | title = Language Most Foul| last = Wajnryb| first = Ruth| publisher = ] | year = 2005 | location = Australia| isbn = 174114776X}}</ref> it is most usually stated to derive from a ] word (Proto-Germanic ''*kunton''), which appeared as ''kunta'' in ], although the Proto-Germanic form itself is of uncertain origin.<ref>
The etymology of ''cunt'' is a matter of debate,<ref>{{cite book |title=Language Most Foul |last=Wajnryb |first=Ruth |publisher=] |year=2005 |location=Australia |isbn=978-1-74114-776-6}}</ref> but most sources consider the word to have derived from a ] word (] ''*kuntō'', ] ''*kuntōn-''), which appeared as ''{{lang|non|kunta}}'' in ]. Scholars are uncertain of the origin of the Proto-Germanic form itself.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cunt |title=Cunt |access-date=6 March 2008 |work=Online Etymological Dictionary}}</ref> There are ]s in most Germanic languages, most of which also have the same meaning as the English cunt, such as the Swedish, ] and ] ''{{lang|sv|kunta}}''; ] and ] ''{{lang|fy|kunte}}''; another Middle Low German ''{{lang|gml|kutte}}''; ] ''{{lang|gmh|kotze}}'' (meaning "{{lang|en|]}}"); modern German ''{{lang|de|kott}}''; ] ''{{lang|dum|conte}}''; modern Dutch words ''{{lang|nl|kut}}'' (same meaning) and ''{{lang|nl|kont}}'' ("butt", "arse"); and perhaps ] ''{{lang|ang|cot}}''.
{{cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=cunt|title= Online Etymological Dictionary|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref> In ] it appeared with many different spellings such as ''cunte'' and ''queynte'', which did not always reflect the actual pronunciation of the word. There are ]s in most Germanic languages, such as the ], ] and ] dialect ''kunta''; ] and ] ''kunte''; ] conte; ] ''kut''; ] kutte; ] ''kotze'' (prostitute); German ''kott'', and perhaps ] ''cot''. While ''kont'' in Dutch refers to the ], ''kut'' is considered far less offensive in Dutch-speaking areas than ''cunt'' is in the English speaking world. The ] of the ] term is disputed. It may have arisen by ] operating on the ] ] ''*gen/gon'' = "create, become" seen in ], ], ], ], ], or the Proto-Indo-European root ''*g<sup>w</sup>neH<sub>2</sub>/guneH<sub>2</sub>'' (Greek ''gunê'') = "]" seen in ]. Relationships to similar-sounding words such as the ] ''cunnus'' (vulva), and its derivatives ] ''con'', ] ''coño'', and ] ''cona'', have not been conclusively demonstrated. Other Latin words related to ''cunnus'': ''cuneatus'', wedge-shaped; ''cuneo'' v. fasten with a wedge; (figurative) to wedge in, squeeze in, leading to English words such as '']'' (wedge-shaped).


The ] of the Proto-Germanic term is disputed. It may have arisen by ] operating on the ] ] ''{{PIE|*gen/gon}}'' "{{lang|en|create, become}}" seen in ], ], ], ], ], or the Proto-Indo-European root ''{{PIE|*gʷneh₂/guneh₂}}'' "{{lang|en|woman}}" ({{langx|el|italic=yes|gunê}}, seen in ]). Similarly, its use in England likely evolved from the ] word ''cunnus'' ("vulva"), or one of its derivatives French ''con'', Spanish ''coño'', and Portuguese ''cona''. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beirne |first=Piers |date=2020-09-01 |title=Animals, Women and Terms of Abuse: Towards a Cultural Etymology of Con(e)y, Cunny, Cunt and C*nt |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10612-019-09460-w |journal=Critical Criminology |language=en |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=327–349 |doi=10.1007/s10612-019-09460-w |issn=1572-9877}}</ref> Other Latin words related to '']'' are ''{{lang|la|cuneus}}'' ("{{lang|en|wedge}}") and its derivative ''{{lang|la|cunēre}}'' ("{{lang|en|to fasten with a wedge}}", (figurative) "{{lang|en|to squeeze in}}"), leading to English words such as '']'' ("{{lang|en|wedge-shaped}}"). In ], ''cunt'' appeared with many spellings, such as ''{{lang|enm|coynte}}'', ''{{lang|enm|cunte}}'' and ''{{lang|enm|queynte}}'', which did not always reflect the actual ] of the word.
The word for the female genitalia dates back to the Middle English period, c.1325. Its exact origin is unknown, but is related to the Old Norse kunta, a word with cognates in several other Germanic languages. From the ], a manuscript from sometime before 1325:<ref>{{cite book | last = Unknown | title = An Old English Miscellany Containing a Bestiary, Kentish Sermons... | publisher = Adamant Media Corporation | year = 2001 | location = Delaware| isbn = 0543941167}}</ref>

{{quote|Ȝeue þi cunte to cunnig and craue affetir wedding.<br />(Give your cunt wisely and make (your) demands after the wedding.)}}
The word, in its modern meaning, is attested in Middle English. '']'', a ] from some time before 1325, includes the advice:<ref>{{cite book |author=Unknown |title=An Old English Miscellany Containing a Bestiary, Kentish Sermons... |publisher=Adamant Media Corporation |year=2001 |location=Delaware |isbn=978-0-543-94116-9}}</ref>
{{blockquote|{{lang|enm|Ȝeue þi cunte to cunnig and craue affetir wedding.}}<br />(Give your cunt wisely and make demands after the wedding.)}}


==Offensiveness== ==Offensiveness==
===Generally=== ===Generally===
The word "cunt" is generally regarded in English-speaking countries as unusable in normal public discourse and has been described as "the most heavily tabooed word of all English words",<ref>{{cite book |last = Rawson | first = Henry | title = A Dictionary of Invective | year = 1991 | publisher = Robert Hale Ltd | location = London | isbn = 978-0709043997 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2005/nov/21/broadcasting.uknews | title = TV's most offensive words | date = November 21, 2005 | accessdate = 2008-05-05}}</ref> although John Ayto, editor of the ], has disputed this, saying {{quote|Ethnic slurs are regarded as the taboo ... ] is far more taboo than fuck or even cunt. I think if a politician were to be heard off-camera saying fuck, it would be trivial, but if he said nigger, that would be the end of his career.<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2002/nov/21/britishidentity.features11 | title = Expletive deleted | date = November 21, 2002|accessdate = 2008-06-09}}</ref>}} Use of the word is also documented as the ] of some sections of society<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gusworld.com.au/nrc/thesis/ch-5.htm | title = "HE'S AN UGLY CUNT, ISN'T HE?": cunt | accessdate = 2008-05-05}}</ref> and in recent years attempts have been made to mitigate its connotations by promoting positive uses. The word ''cunt'' is generally regarded in ] as ] and unsuitable for normal public discourse. It has been described as "the most heavily tabooed word of all English words",<ref>{{cite book |last = Rawson | first = Henry |title=A Dictionary of Invective |year=1991 |publisher=Robert Hale Ltd |location=London |isbn=978-0-7090-4399-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/nov/21/broadcasting.uknews | title = TV's most offensive words | date = 21 November 2005 | access-date= 5 May 2008 | work=The Guardian | location=London}}</ref> although John Ayto, editor of the '']'', says "]" is more taboo.<ref>{{cite news |last=Margolis |first=Jonathan |date=21 November 2002 |title=Expletive deleted |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/nov/21/britishidentity.features11 |access-date=9 June 2008 |work=The Guardian |location=London |quote=Nigger is far more taboo than fuck or even cunt. I think if a politician were to be heard off-camera saying fuck, it would be trivial, but if he said nigger, that would be the end of his career.}}</ref>


===Feminist perspectives=== ===Feminist perspectives===
{{multiple image
Some radical ]s of the 1970s sought to eliminate disparaging terms for women, including "bitch" and "cunt".<ref>{{ cite book | last = Johnston| first = Hank| coauthors= Bert Klandermans|title = Social Movements and Culture | publisher = Routledge| location = | year = 1995| pages = 174 | isbn = 185728500X}}</ref> In the context of pornography, ] argued that use of the word acts to reinforce a dehumanisation of women by reducing them to mere body parts;<ref name = Lacombe>{{cite book | last = Lacombe | first = Dany | title = Blue Politics: Pornography and the Law in the Age of Feminism | year = 1994| publisher = University of Toronto Press| pages = 27 | location = Toronto| isbn = 0802073522}}</ref> and in 1979 ] described the word as reducing women to "the one essential - 'cunt: our essence ... our offence'".<ref name = Lacombe/>
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| caption1 = ] of the activist platform ] on an urban wall
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| caption2 = ] Women's March 2017
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Some American ] sought to eliminate disparaging terms for women, including "]" and "cunt".<ref>{{cite book | last = Johnston| first = Hank|author2=Bert Klandermans|title = Social Movements and Culture | publisher = Routledge| year = 1995| page = 174 | isbn = 978-1-85728-500-0}}</ref> In the ], ] argued that use of the word acts to reinforce a ] of women by reducing them to mere body parts;<ref name="Lacombe">{{cite book | last = Lacombe | first = Dany | title = Blue Politics: Pornography and the Law in the Age of Feminism | url = https://archive.org/details/bluepoliticsporn0000laco | url-access = registration | year = 1994| publisher = University of Toronto Press| page = | location = Toronto| isbn = 978-0-8020-7352-5}}</ref> and in 1979 ] described the word as reducing women to "the one essential – 'cunt: our essence ... our offence'".<ref name="Lacombe" />


Despite criticisms, there is a movement within feminists that seeks to ] cunt not only as acceptable, but as an honorific, in much the same way that '']'' has been reclaimed by ] people.<ref> Despite criticisms, there is a movement among feminists that seeks to ] ''cunt'' not only as acceptable, but as an ], in much the same way that '']'' has been ] by ] people and '']'' has been by some ].<ref>
{{cite web |url= http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/2000/december_2000_1.html|title= Penn State Feminists Stage X-Rated Event on Students' Dime|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML |work= }}</ref> Proponents include ] in her book, '']''<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ingalagringa.com/cunt/|title= Cunt: A Declaration of Independence|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref> and ] in "Reclaiming Cunt" from '']''. {{cite web |url= http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/2000/december_2000_1.html|title= Penn State Feminists Stage X-Rated Event on Students' Dime |access-date=6 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085802/http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/2000/december_2000_1.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 28 September 2007}}</ref> Proponents include artist ] in ''The Cunt Coloring Book'' (1975); ] in "Reclaiming Cunt" from '']'' (1996); and ] in her book, '']'' (1998).<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ingalagringa.com/cunt/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051001061744/http://www.ingalagringa.com/cunt/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 1 October 2005|title= Cunt: A Declaration of Independence|access-date= 6 March 2008}}</ref>


], the feminist writer and professor of English who once published a magazine article entitled "Lady, Love Your Cunt" (anthologised in 1986),<ref>anthologized in Germaine Greer, ''The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings'', (1986)</ref> discussed the origins, usage and power of the word in the BBC series '']'', explaining how her views had developed over time. In the 1970s she had "championed" the use of the word for the female genitalia, thinking it "shouldn't be abusive"; she rejected the "proper" word ], a Latin name meaning "sword-sheath" originally applied by male anatomists to all muscle coverings (see ]) – not just because it refers only to the internal canal but also because of the implication that the female body is "simply a receptacle for a weapon".<ref name="Balderdash & Piffle vagina">{{cite episode |title= The C Words |series= Balderdash and Piffle |series-link= Balderdash and Piffle | network= ] |airdate= 30 January 2006 |series-no=1 |minutes=26 |quote = ... in the 1970s I thought this word for the female genitalia shouldn't be abusive. I believed it should be an ordinary, everyday word ... it refers to the internal canal only; all the bits that make it fun are left out. ... I refuse to think of my sex as simply a receptacle for a weapon. |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMckJrxxY6I}}</ref> But in 2006, referring to its use as a term of abuse, she said that, though used in some quarters as a term of affection, it had become "the most offensive insult one man could throw at another"<ref name="Balderdash & Piffle offensive">{{cite episode |title= The C Words |series= Balderdash and Piffle |series-link= Balderdash and Piffle | network= ] |airdate= 30 January 2006 |series-no =1 |minutes=31 |quote= ... unlike other words for women's genitals, this one sounds powerful – it demands to be taken seriously. In the twentieth century, its strength didn't diminish. ... it became the most offensive insult one man could throw at another. In 1987, at a test match in Pakistan, the umpire ] accused English captain ] of unfair play. When Gatting denied it, Rana called him 'a fucking cheating cunt'. The fracas caused uproar. Yet only one newspaper, ''The Independent'', dared print the expletive-laden exchange in full. Nearly twenty years later, in some quarters, it is used as a term of affection. Yet for most people the C-word is still a very offensive term&nbsp;...". |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMckJrxxY6I}}</ref> and suggested that the word was "sacred", and "a word of immense power, to be used sparingly".<ref name="Balderdash & Piffle sacred">{{cite episode |title= The C Words |series= Balderdash and Piffle |series-link= Balderdash and Piffle | network= ] |airdate= 30 January 2006 |series-no=1 |minutes=31 |quote= I love the idea that this word is still so sacred that you can use it like a torpedo: you can hole people below the waterline; you can make strong men go pale. ... It is a word of immense power, to be used sparingly.|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMckJrxxY6I}}</ref> Greer said in 2006 that {{"'}}cunt' is one of the few remaining words in the English language with a genuine power to shock."<ref name="Balderdash & Piffle sacred" />
The word was similarly reclaimed by ] who used it in the title story of '']''; a female character describing female genitalia in a pornography book: "her cunt a split fig below the great globes of her buttocks".<ref>{{cite book | last = Carter | first = Angela | authorlink = Angela Carter | title = The Bloody Chamber | publisher = London: Vintage | series = | year = 1979 | doi = | isbn = 0 09 958811 0 }}</ref>


==Usage: pre-twentieth century==
], who had previously published a magazine article entitled "Lady, Love Your Cunt",<ref>anthologized in Germaine Greer, ''The Madwoman's Underclothes: Essays and Occasional Writings'', (1986)</ref> discussed the origins, usage and power of the word in the ] series '']''. She suggests at the end of the piece that there is something precious about the word, in that it is now one of the few remaining words in English that still retains its power to shock.<ref>{{cite episode |title= Balderdash & Piffle|episodelink= |series= |serieslink= |credits= |network= ]|station= |airdate= 2006-02-06|season= |number= |minutes= }}</ref>
''Cunt'' has been attested in its anatomical meaning since at least the 13th century. While ]'s 1785 ''A Classical Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue'' listed the word as "C**T: a nasty name for a nasty thing",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/aclassicaldicti00grosgoog|last1= Grose |first1= Francis |title= A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue |date=1788 |location=London |publisher= S. Hooper |quote=C**T. ... a nasty name for a nasty thing}} (immediately following ''Cunny-thumbed'')</ref> it did not appear in any major English dictionary from 1795 to 1961, when it was included in '']'' with the comment "usu. considered obscene". Its first appearance in the '']'' was in 1972, which cites the word as having been in use from 1230 in what was supposedly a London street name of "Gropecunte Lane". It was, however, also used before 1230, having been brought over by the ]s, originally not an ] but rather an ordinary name for the vulva or vagina. ] was originally a street of prostitution, a ]. It was normal in the ] for streets to be named after the goods available for sale therein, hence the prevalence in cities having a medieval history of names such as "Silver Street" and "Fish Street". In some locations, the former name has been ], as in the City of York, to the more acceptable "]".<ref>Baker, N. & Holt, R. (2000). "Towards a geography of sexual encounter: prostitution in English medieval towns", in L. Bevan: ''Indecent Exposure: Sexuality, Society and the Archaeological Record''. Cruithne Press: Glasgow, pp. 187–98.</ref>


The somewhat similar word 'queynte' appears several times in ]'s '']'' (c. 1390), in ] contexts, but since it is used openly, does not appear to have been considered obscene at that time.<ref name="Siebert">{{cite web |first1=Eve |last1=Siebert |publisher=Skeptical Humanities |title=Chaucer's Cunt |url=http://skepticalhumanities.com/2011/01/18/chaucers-cunt/ |access-date=28 February 2014|date=18 January 2011 }}</ref> A notable use is from the "]": "Pryvely he caught her by the queynte." The ] also uses this term, "For certeyn, olde dotard, by your leave/You shall have queynte right enough at eve&nbsp;.... What aileth you to grouche thus and groan?/Is it for ye would have my queynte alone?" In modernised versions of these passages the word "queynte" is usually translated simply as "cunt".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.librarius.com/canttran/wifetale/wifetale330-342.htm |title=From Geoffrey Chaucer's ''The Canterbury Tales'', The Wife of Bath's Prologue, lines 330–342 |publisher=Librarius.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4literature.net/Geoffrey_Chaucer/Wife_of_Bath_s_Prologue/3.html|title=Wife of Bath's Prologue by Geoffrey Chaucer<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> However, in Chaucer's usage there seems to be an overlap between the words "cunt" and "quaint" (possibly derived from the ] for "known"). "Quaint" was probably pronounced in Middle English in much the same way as "cunt". It is sometimes unclear whether the two words were thought of as distinct from one another. Elsewhere in Chaucer's work the word ''queynte'' seems to be used with meaning comparable to the modern "quaint" (curious or old-fashioned, but nevertheless appealing).<ref>{{OED|'''4''' quaint, a. (adv.) (at '''7''', '''8''') c'''1369''' Chaucer ''Dethe Blaunche'' 1330 This is so queynt a sweuyn.}}</ref> This ambiguity was still being exploited by the 17th century; ]'s ''... then worms shall try / That long preserved virginity, / And your quaint honour turn to dust, / And into ashes all my lust'' in '']'' depends on a pun on these two senses of "quaint".<ref>Marvell, Andrew. "To His Coy Mistress". '']''. Seventh Edition. M. H. Abrams. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. 1691–1692.</ref>
==Usage: pre-20th century==
''Cunt'' has been in common use in its anatomical meaning since at least the 13th century. While ]'s 1785 ''A Classical Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue'' listed the word as "C**T: a nasty name for a nasty thing",<ref>Grose, Francis. ''A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. London 1788 (pages not numbered)]</ref> it did not appear in any major ] of the English language from 1795 to 1961, when it was included in '']'' with the comment "usu. considered obscene". Its first appearance in the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' was in 1972, which cites the word as having been in use since 1230 in what was supposedly a current ] street name of "]." It was however also used before 1230 having been brought over by the ]s, originally not an obscenity but rather a factual name for the vulva or vagina. "Gropecunt Lane" was originally a street of prostitution, indicating a ] ]. It was normal in those times for streets to be named after the goods available for sale therein, hence the prevalence in cities having a medieval history of names such as "Silver Street", "Fish Street", and "Swinegate" (pork butchers). In some locations, the former name has been ], as in the City of ], to the more acceptable "Grape Lane".<ref>Baker, N & Holt, R. (2000). "Towards a geography of sexual encounter: prostitution in English medieval towns", in L. Bevan: Indecent Exposure: Sexuality, Society and the Archaeological Record. Cruithne Press: Glasgow, 187-98</ref>


By ] day, the word seems to have become obscene. Although Shakespeare does not use the word explicitly (or with ] meaning) in his plays, he still uses ] to sneak it in obliquely. In Act III, Scene 2, of '']'', as the castle's residents are settling in to watch the ], Hamlet asks his girlfriend ], "Lady, shall I lie in your lap?" Ophelia replies, "No, my lord." Hamlet, feigning shock, says, "Do you think I meant ''country matters''?" Then, to drive home the point that the ] is definitely on the first ] of ''country'', Shakespeare has Hamlet say, "That's a fair thought, to lie between maids' legs."<ref>Partridge, Eric, ''Shakespeare's Bawdy'', Routledge, London, 2001, p. 111.</ref> In '']'' (Act II, Scene V) the puritanical Malvolio believes he recognises his employer's handwriting in an anonymous letter, commenting "There be her very Cs, her Us, and her Ts: and thus makes she her great Ps", unwittingly punning on "cunt" and "piss",<ref name="Silverton" /> and while it has also been argued that the slang term "cut" is intended,<ref>{{cite book|first=Bruce R.|last=Smith|title=Twelfth night, or, What you will: texts and contexts |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2001|page=64}}</ref> Pauline Kiernan writes that Shakespeare ridicules "prissy puritanical party-poopers" by having "a Puritan spell out the word 'cunt' on a public stage".<ref>{{cite book|first=Pauline|last=Kiernan|title=Filthy Shakespeare: Shakespeare's Most Outrageous Sexual Puns|publisher=Quercus|year=2006|page=61}}</ref> A related scene occurs in '']'': when Katherine is learning English, she is appalled at the ''gros, et impudique'' words "foot" and "gown", which her teacher has mispronounced as ''coun''. It is usually argued that Shakespeare intends to suggest that she has misheard "foot" as ''foutre'' (French, "fuck") and "coun" as ''con'' (French "cunt", also used to mean "idiot").<ref>Partridge, Eric, ''Shakespeare's Bawdy'', Routledge, London, 2001, p. 110.</ref>
The word appears several times in ] '']'' (c. 1390), in ] contexts, but it does not appear to be considered obscene at this point, since it is used openly. A notable use is from the ] "Pryvely he caught her by the queynte." The ] also uses this term, "For certeyn, olde dotard, by your leave/You shall have queynte right enough at eve ... What aileth you to grouche thus and groan?/Is it for ye would have my queynte alone?" In modernised versions of these passages the word "queynte" is usually translated simply as "cunt".<ref></ref><ref></ref> However, in Chaucer's usage there seems to be an overlap between the words "cunt" and "quaint" (possibly derived from the ] for "known"). "Quaint" was probably pronounced in ] in much the same way as "cunt." It is sometimes unclear whether the two words were thought of as distinct from one another. Elsewhere in Chaucer's work the word ''queynte'' seems to be used with meaning comparable to the modern "quaint" (charming, appealing).


Similarly, ] alludes to the obscene meaning of the word without being explicit in his poem '']'', referring to sucking on "country pleasures". The 1675 ] '']'' also features such word play, even in its title.<ref>{{Cite book |title= The Country Wife |last= Wycherley |first=William |editor1-last=Ogden |editor1-first=James |editor2-last= Stern |editor2-first= Tiffany |edition=2nd, annotated |isbn=978-1-4081-7990-1 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ALlMAgAAQBAJ |date= 2014 |publisher= Bloomsbury, A&C Black |at = page 15, editor's note for line 189 }}</ref>
By ] day, the word seems to have become obscene. Although Shakespeare does not use the word explicitly (or with derogatory meaning) in his plays, he still plays with it, using ] to sneak it in obliquely. In Act III, Scene 2, of '']'', as the castle's residents are settling in to watch the ], Hamlet asks ], "Lady, shall I lie in your lap?" Ophelia, of course, replies, "No, my lord." Hamlet, feigning shock, says, "Do you think I meant ''country matters''?" Then, to drive home the point that the ] is definitely on the first ] of ''country'', Shakespeare has Hamlet say, "That's a fair thought, to lie between maids' legs."<ref>Partridge, Eric, ''Shakespeare's Bawdy'', Routledge, London, 2001, p.111</ref> Also see '']'' (Act II, Scene V): "There be her very Cs, her Us, and her Ts: and thus makes she her great Ps." A related scene occurs in ''Henry V'': when Katherine is learning English, she is appalled at the "''gros et impudique''" English words "]" and "]," which her English teacher has mispronounced as "''coun''." It has been suggested that Shakespeare intends to suggest that she has misheard "foot" as "''foutre''" (French, "]") and "coun" as "''con''" (French "cunt", also used to mean "idiot").<ref>Partridge, Eric, ''Shakespeare's Bawdy'', Routledge, London, 2001, p.110</ref> Similarly ] alludes to the obscene meaning of the word without being explicit in his poem ''The Good-Morrow'', referring to sucking on "country pleasures".


By the 17th century, a softer form of the word, "cunny", came into use. A well-known use of this derivation can be found in the 25 October 1668 entry of the diary of ]. He was discovered having an affair with Deborah Willet: he wrote that his wife "coming up suddenly, did find me embracing the girl con my hand sub su coats; and endeed I was with my main in her cunny. I was at a wonderful loss upon it and the girl also&nbsp;...."<ref>{{cite book |last=Abbot |first=Mary |title=Life Cycles in England, 1560–1720: Cradle to Grave |publisher= Routledge |year= 1996 |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sCI1nnR1_zAC|isbn=978-0-415-10842-3 }}</ref>
The 1675 ] '']'' also features such wordplay, even in its title.


''Cunny'' was probably derived from a ] on '']'', meaning "rabbit", rather as '']'' is connected to the same term for a cat. (]: "A pox upon your Christian ]! They cry, like poulterers' wives, 'No money, no coney.'")<ref name=ship>Ship, Joseph Twadell. ''The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots'', JHU Press, 1984, p. 129.</ref> Because of this slang use as a synonym for a taboo term, the word "coney", when it was used in its original sense to refer to rabbits, came to be pronounced as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|oʊ|n|i}} (rhymes with "phoney"), instead of the original {{IPA|/ˈkʌni/}} (rhymes with "honey"). Eventually, the taboo association led to the word "coney" becoming deprecated entirely and replaced by the word "rabbit".<ref name=ship/><ref>Carney, Edward, ''A survey of English spelling'', Routledge, 1994, p. 469.</ref><ref>Morton, Mark, ''Cupboard Love: A Dictionary of Culinary Curiosities'', Insomniac Press, 2004, p. 251.</ref><ref>Allan & Burridge, ''Forbidden Words'', Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 242.</ref>
By the 17th century a softer form of the word, "cunny", came into use. A well known use of this derivation can be found in the 25 October 1668 entry of the diary of ]. He was discovered having an affair with Deborah Willet: he wrote that his wife "coming up suddenly, did find me imbracing the girl con my hand sub su coats; and endeed I was with my main in her cunny. I was at a wonderful loss upon it and the girl also....".<ref>Abbot, Mary, ''Life Cycles in England, 1560-1720: Cradle to Grave'', Routledge, 1996, p.201</ref>


] (1759–1796) used the word in his '']'', a collection of bawdy verses which he kept to himself and were not publicly available until the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robertburns.org.uk/merrymuses.htm | title= Merry Muses of Caledonia by Robert Burns | access-date=6 March 2008 |format = HMTL}}</ref> In "Yon, Yon, Yon, Lassie", this couplet appears: "For ilka birss upon her cunt, Was worth a ryal ransom"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Documents/merrymuses.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050111041917/http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Documents/merrymuses.PDF |archive-date=11 January 2005 |url-status=live |title= Merry Muses of Caledonia by Robert Burns | access-date=6 March 2008 }}</ref> ("For every hair upon her cunt was worth a royal ransom"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Silverton |first1=Pete |title=Filthy English: the how, why, when, and what of everyday swearing |date=2009 |publisher=Portobello Books |location=London |isbn=9781846271694 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSErq0ssG74C&dq=For+ilka+birss+upon+her+cunt,+Was+worth+a+ryal+ransom&pg=PT42 |access-date=23 February 2021}}</ref>).
''Cunny'' was probably derived from a pun on '']'', meaning "]", rather as ''pussy'' is connected to the same term for a ]. (]: "A pox upon your Christian ]! They cry, like poulterers' wives, 'No money, no coney.'")<ref>Ship, Joseph Twadell, ''The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots'', JHU Press, 1984, p.129</ref> Largely because of this usage, the word ''coney'' to refer to rabbits changed ] from short "o" (like ''money'' and ''honey'') to long "o" (''cone'', as in ]), and has now almost completely disappeared from most ] of English; in the same way the word "pussy" is now rarely used in America to refer to a cat.

] used the word in his ''Merry Muses of Caledonia'', a collection of bawdy verses which he kept to himself and were not publicly available until the mid-1960s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robertburns.org.uk/merrymuses.htm | title= Merry Muses of Caledonia by Robert Burns | accessdate=2008-03-06 |format = HMTL}}</ref> In "Yon, Yon, Yon, Lassie", this couplet appears: "For ilka birss upon her cunt, Was worth a ryal ransom".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.robertburns.org.uk/Assets/Documents/merrymuses.PDF | title= Merry Muses of Caledonia by Robert Burns | accessdate=2008-03-06 |format = PDF}}</ref>


==Usage: modern== ==Usage: modern==
====In modern literature==== ===As a term of abuse===
] onto a signboard advertising the availability of vaccines, at a health centre in Birmingham, England, during the ].]]
] was one of the first of the major 20th-century novelists to put the word "cunt" into print. In the context of one of the central characters in '']'', ], Joyce refers to the ] and to {{quote|... the oldest people. Wandered far away over all the earth, captivity to captivity, multiplying, dying, being born everywhere. It lay there now. Now it could bear no more. Dead: an old woman's: the grey sunken cunt of the world.<ref></ref>}}
Joyce uses the word figuratively rather than literally; but while Joyce used the word only once in ''Ulysses'', with four other wordplays ('cunty') on it, ] used the word ten times in '']'', in a more direct sense.<ref> </ref> Mellors, the gamekeeper and eponymous lover, tries delicately to explain the definition of the word to Lady Constance Chatterley: {{quote|If your sister there comes ter me for a bit o' cunt an' tenderness, she knows what she's after.}} The novel was the subject of an unsuccessful ] prosecution for ] in 1961 against its publishers, ].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://books.guardian.co.uk/extracts/story/0,,367917,00.html|title= Cock-up and cover-up|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref>
* ]'s novel '']'' uses the word extensively, ensuring its banning in ] between 1934 and 1961<ref>{{cite web | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZKsZfSSDuEgC&dq=%22henry+miller%22+%22tropic+of+cancer%22+cunt&pg=PP1&ots=MQ_86i72ZW&sig=MNoeB6EDcdl4F7SUrvT9_P3RvzU&hl=en&prev=http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en&q=%22Henry+Miller%22+%22Tropic+of+Cancer%22+cunt&btnG=Google+Search&sa=X&oi=print&ct=title&cad=one-book-with-thumbnail | title = Tropic of cancer| accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> and being the subject of the ] decision in ''Grove Press, Inc. v. Gerstein'', {{ussc|378|577|1964}}.
* ] was an associate of ], and in his ] (1956), he writes: "His young wife had abandoned all hope of bringing him to heel, by means of her cunt, that trump card of young wives."<ref>{{cite book | title = Women in Beckett | year = 1990 | isbn = 0252062566 | publisher = University of Illinois | last = Ben-Zvi | first = Linda }}</ref>
* In ]'s 2001 novel '']'', the word is used in a love letter mistakenly sent instead of a revised version, and although not spoken, is an important plot pivot.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.yalereviewofbooks.com/archive/spring02/review15.shtml.htm|title= Ian McEwan's Fictional Act of Atonement.|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref>


] states it is a "usually disparaging and obscene" term for a woman,<ref name="Cunt 1"/> and that it is an "offensive way to refer to a woman" in the United States.<ref name="Cunt 2"/> In American ], the term can also be used to refer to "a fellow male homosexual one dislikes".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chapman |first=Robert L. |date=1995 |title= The Macmillan Dictionary of American Slang |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-333-63405-9| page=91}}<br /> An example of usage given by the dictionary is {{Cite book |quote=And this one is from Max. The cunt. |author-link=Arthur Maling|last=Maling|first=Arthur |date=1978 |title= Lucky Devil|publisher=Harper & Row |isbn=978-0-06-012854-8| page=154}}</ref> Australian scholar Emma Alice Jane describes how the term as used on modern social media is an example of what she calls "gendered vitriol", and an example of ] e-bile.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jane|first=Emma Alice|date=2014|title='Back to the kitchen, cunt': Speaking the unspeakable about online misogyny|journal=Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies|volume=28|issue=4|pages=558–570|doi=10.1080/10304312.2014.924479|s2cid=144492709|hdl=1959.4/unsworks_81563|hdl-access=free |issn = 1030-4312 }}</ref> As a broader derogatory term, it is comparable to '']'' and means "a fool, a dolt, an unpleasant person – of either sex".<ref name="Green1995">
===Usage by Meaning===
{{Cite book|last1=Green |first1=Jonathon|title= The Macmillan Dictionary of Slang|edition=3rd|date=1995|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-63407-3|quote= a fool, a dolt, an unpleasant person – of either sex (cf: ''prick'')}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ayto |first1=John|last2=Simpson|first2=John |title= The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang|date=2005|orig-year=1992|publisher=OUP|isbn=978-0-19-861052-6|quote= A foolish or despicable person, female or male}}
====Referring to women====
</ref> This sense is common in New Zealand, British, and Australian English, where it is usually applied to men<ref>{{Cite book|last1= Thorne |first1= Tony |title= Dictionary of Contemporary Slang |url= https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofcont0000thor |url-access= registration |edition=3rd|date=27 February 2014|publisher= Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4081-8181-2|quote=a very unpleasant person... more noticeable in British and Australian English... in practice the word is usually applied to men"}}</ref> or as referring ''specifically'' to "a despicable, contemptible or foolish" ''man''.<ref>{{Cite book|last1= Hughes |first1=Geoffrey| title= An Encyclopedia of Swearing: The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World |date=2006|publisher= M. E. Sharpe Incorporated |isbn=978-0-7656-2954-8| quote= Random House (1994) is more gender-specific: 'a despicable, contemptible or foolish man'... "Donald, you are a real card-carrying cunt" (1968)}} Hughes is quoting {{Cite book|last1=Lighter |first1=Jonathan E.| title= Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang, Vol. 1: A-G|date=1994|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2lHwkWMXaxwC|publisher= Random House |isbn=978-0-394-54427-4}} The original quotation is from {{Cite book|last1=Crowley |first1=Mart| title= The Boys in the Band |date=1968|page=42|publisher= Farrar, Straus & Giroux |asin= B0028OREKU}}</ref>
In referring to a woman, ''cunt'' is an abusive term usually considered the most offensive word in that context and even more forceful than '']''.<ref>e.g. ] writes "Part of the modesty about the female genitalia stems from actual distaste. The worst name anyone can be called is cunt." {{cite book| title = ] | year = 1995| last = Greer | first = Germaine | publisher = Panther & Harper Collins | location = London | isbn = 978-0586054062 | pages = 39}}</ref> In the film '']'', the central character McMurphy, when pressed to explain exactly why he doesn't like the tyrannical Nurse Ratched, says, "she's something of a cunt, ain't she, Doc?"<ref></ref> It can also be used to imply that the sexual act is the primary function of a woman; for example, see ] in relation to '']''.


During the 1971 ] for obscenity, prosecuting ] asked writer ], "Would you call your 10-year-old daughter a cunt?" Melly replied, "No, because I don't think she is."<ref name="Coren2003">{{cite news |last=Coren |first=Victoria |date=2 February 2003 |title=It's enough to make you cuss and blind |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/feb/02/broadcasting.comment |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=23 March 2008}}</ref>
In 2004, ] president ] fanned the flames of a ] rape case when, during a deposition, she was asked if she thought "cunt" was a "filthy and vile" word. She replied that it was a "swear word" but she had "actually heard it used as a term of endearment".<ref></ref> A spokesperson later clarified that Hoffman meant the word had polite meanings in its original use centuries ago. In the rape case, a CU football player had allegedly called female player ] a "fucking lovely cunt".


In the 1975 film '']'', the central character ], when pressed to explain exactly why he does not like the tyrannical Nurse Ratched, says, "Well, I don't want to break up the meeting or nothing, but she's something of a cunt, ain't she, Doc?"<ref name="CuckoosNest">{{cite web |title=One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest Script – Dialogue Transcript |url=http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/o/one-flew-over-the-cuckoos-nest-script.html |publisher=Script-o-rama.com |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>
Similarly, during the ] ] ] for obscenity in 1971, prosecuting ] asked writer ] "Would you call your 10-year-old daughter a cunt?" Melly replied "No, because I don't think she is."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2003/feb/02/broadcasting.comment | title = It's enough to make you cuss and blind | accessdate = 2008-03-23}}</ref>


====Referring to men==== ===Other usage===
In informal British, Irish, New Zealand, and Australian English, and occasionally but to a lesser extent in Canadian English, it can be used with no negative connotations to refer to a (usually male) person.<ref name="Green nice cunt">{{Cite book|title=Green's Dictionary of Slang|first=Jonathon |last=Green |volume=1 |publisher=Chambers |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-550-10443-4|pages=1454–1456 |url= https://greensdictofslang.com/entry/w7hgqcy |access-date=30 October 2016 |quote=a person, usu. male, with no negative implications ... Hello you old cunt}}</ref> In this sense, it may be modified by a positive qualifier (funny, clever, etc.).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Doyle |first1=Benny |title=Kirin J Callinan, TV on the Radio @ The Tivoli |url=https://themusic.com.au/article/tGCnpqmoq6o/tv-on-the-radio-tivoli-ben-doyle |access-date=1 May 2019 |work=TheMusic.com.au |date=11 June 2015 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501001021/https://themusic.com.au/article/tGCnpqmoq6o/tv-on-the-radio-tivoli-ben-doyle |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Irvine Welsh">For example, ''Glue'' by ], p.&nbsp;266, "Billy can be a funny cunt, a great guy&nbsp;...."</ref><ref name="slate">{{cite news |last1=Withers |first1=Rachel |title=Lady Bird Has Been Censored in Australia, a Country that Loves the C-Word |url=https://slate.com/culture/2018/03/australian-censors-cut-the-word-cunt-from-lady-bird-but-aussies-love-it-anyway.html |access-date=30 April 2019 |work=Slate |date=2 March 2018}}</ref> For example, "This is my mate Brian. He's a good cunt."<ref name="spinoff">{{cite news |last1=Braae |first1=Alex |title=Good c*nts and pōkokohua: What words do New Zealanders find most offensive? |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/media/19-07-2018/good-cnts-and-pokokohua-what-words-do-new-zealanders-find-most-offensive/ |access-date=30 April 2019 |work=The Spinoff |date=19 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Braier |first1=Rachel |title=In praise of the C-word |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2016/jul/11/in-praise-of-the-c-word |access-date=30 April 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=11 July 2016}}</ref>
]'s 1929 book '']'', set in ], is a ] account of the lives of ordinary soldiers and describes regular use of the word by British ]. The word is invariably used to describe men:{{quote|And now the bastard's wearin' the bes' pair slung round ‘is own bloody neck. Wouldn't you've thought the cunt would ‘a' give me vingt frong for ‘em anyway?


It can also be used to refer to something very difficult or unpleasant (as in "a cunt of a job").<ref name="Green unpleasant cunt">{{Cite book|title=Green's Dictionary of Slang|first=Jonathon |last=Green |volume=1 |publisher=Chambers |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-550-10443-4|pages=1454–1456 |url= https://greensdictofslang.com/entry/w7hgqcy |access-date=30 October 2016 |quote=something very unpleasant or difficult to do or achieve ... She had a cunt of a job}}</ref>
What's the cunt want to come down 'ere buggering us about for, 'aven't we done enough bloody work in th' week?<ref>{{cite book
| last = Manning
| first = Frederic
| authorlink = Frederic Manning
| title = The Middle Parts Of Fortune Somme And Ancre 1916
| publisher = Kessinger Publishing
| series =
| year = 2004
| doi =
| isbn = 978-1419172748}}</ref>}}
Whilst normally derogatory in English-speaking countries, the word has an informal use, even being used as a term of endearment. Like the word '']'', use between youths is not uncommon, as exemplified by its use in the film '']'', where it is an integral part of the common language of the principal characters.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0117951/quotes | title = Memorable quotes for Trainspotting (1996) | accessdate = 2008-03-22 }}</ref>


In the ] the word was recorded in some areas as meaning "the vulva of a cow". This was pronounced as in ], and in the ], ] and ]. Possibly related was the word ''cunny'' , with the same meaning, in ].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Clive| last2=Parry| first2=David|last3=Widdowson| first3=JDA |title=Survey of English Dialects: the dictionary and the grammar |year=1994 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=978-0-415-02029-9 |page=108}}</ref>
====Referring to inanimate objects====
''Cunt'' is used extensively in Australia, Ireland and also in some parts of the UK as a replacement ], more commonly among males and the working classes, similar to the use of '']'' or ''son of a bitch'' among some Americans in extremely casual settings. For instance, "The cunt of a thing won't start," in reference to an ]; or "Pass me that cunt," meaning "Pass me that item I need"; or "Those cunts down the road," referring to people in the vicinity. When used in this sense, the word does not necessarily imply contempt nor is it necessarily intended to be offensive.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}


The word "cunty" is also known, although used rarely: a line from ]'s '']'' is the definition of England by a ] as "eating hot buttered toast with cunty fingers", suggestive of hypocrisy and a hidden sordidness or immorality behind the country's quaint façade. This term is attributed to British novelist ].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.theparisreview.org/media/GREEN.pdf#search=%22cunty%20fingers%22|title= The Art Of Fiction No. 22 – Henry Green|access-date=6 March 2008 |format= PDF|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080229021024/http://www.theparisreview.org/media/GREEN.pdf#search=%22cunty%20fingers%22 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date =29 February 2008}}</ref> In the United States, "cunty" is sometimes used in ] drag ] for a ] that "projects feminine beauty"<ref>Laurence Senelick, , p. 505</ref> and was the title of a hit song by ].<ref>José Esteban Muñoz, Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity, NYU Press, 30 November 2009, p. 74</ref> A visitor to a New York drag show tells of the emcee praising a queen with "cunty, cunty, cunty" as she walks past.<ref>David Valentine, , p. 81</ref>
====Other uses====
The word is sometimes used as a general ] to show frustration, annoyance or anger, for example "I've had a cunt of a day!", "This is a cunt to finish".


Rapper ] is known for her frequent usage of the word,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Azealia Banks | website=] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN93YnIsDNg&t=111s |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604150631/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN93YnIsDNg&t=111s |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=20 January 2024}}</ref> and her fans are known as the Kunt Brigade.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=2015 Fan Army Face-Off |url=http://billboard.com/fan-army-bracket/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829172950/http://www.billboard.com/fan-army-bracket/ |archive-date=29 August 2015 |access-date=20 January 2024 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> She's said in one interview:<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=10 September 2012 |title=Q&A: Azealia Banks on Why the C-Word Is 'Feminine' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/qa-azealia-banks-on-why-the-c-word-is-feminine-181176/ |access-date=20 January 2024 |magazine=Rolling Stone}}</ref>
Australians have a habit of pairing the word with another to give a more specific meaning such as cunt-rash (visible disorder of the female genitalia, again normally a general insult). The phrase "sick cunt" is sometimes used as a compliment by such sub-groups as Australian ]s, although the term originated within non-] groups who combined their use of the term "sick" with what they saw as a typically Aussie expletive.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}


{{Blockquote|text="To be cunty is to be feminine and to be, like, aware of yourself. Nobody's fucking with that inner strength and delicateness. The cunts, the gay men, adore that. My friends would say, "Oh you need to cunt it up! You're being too ]."|source=}}
A modern derivative ], ''cuntish'' (alternatively, ''cuntacious''), meaning frustrating, awkward, or (when describing behavior) selfish, is increasingly used in England and has begun to appear in other regions, such as Scotland and Ireland.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}


In the 2020s, the phrase "serving cunt" (or to "serve cunt") became popular as a term for acting in a powerfully and unapologetically feminine manner.<ref>{{cite-web|author=Gavia Baker-Whitelaw|title=What does 'serving c*nt' mean?|work=]|url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/serving-cnt-memes-explained/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629145345/https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/serving-cnt-memes-explained/|date=16 May 2023|archive-date=2023-06-29|quote=First off, while a lot of people still drop the C-word as a sexist pejorative, "serving cunt" is 100% complimentary. As we already mentioned, it started out as drag slang, typically describing a person with an aggressively cool, bold outfit and/or attitude.}}</ref>
''Cunting'' is routinely used as an ], much like ''fucking''. It can also be used as a slang term for criticism as in "Did you see the cunting he got for saying that?"


===Frequency of use===
The word ''cunty'' is also known, although used rarely: a line from ]'s '']'' is the definition of ] by a ]i immigrant as "eating hot buttered toast with cunty fingers," suggestive of hypocrisy and a hidden sordidness or ] behind the country's quaint ]. This term is attributed to British novelist ].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.theparisreview.org/media/GREEN.pdf#search=%22cunty%20fingers%22|title= The Art Of Fiction No. 22 - Henry Green|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= PDF|work= }}</ref>
Frequency of use varies widely. According to research in 2013 and 2014 by ] and the ], based on a corpus of nearly 9 billion words in geotagged ], the word was most frequently used in the United States in ] and was least frequently used in the south-eastern states.<ref>{{Cite news|work=The Guardian|date=17 July 2015|access-date=27 July 2015|title= Want to know how to curse like a proper American? Have a look at these maps|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jul/17/map-curse-words-united-states-shit-asshole-fuck-fuckboy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Gawker |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=4 December 2016 |title=Do You Live in a "Bitch" or a "Fuck" State? American Curses, Mapped |url=http://gawker.com/do-you-live-in-a-bitch-or-a-fuck-state-american-cu-1718259899 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722023824/https://gawker.com/do-you-live-in-a-bitch-or-a-fuck-state-american-cu-1718259899 |archive-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> In Maine, it was the most frequently used "cuss word" after "asshole".<ref>{{cite web |date=17 July 2015|access-date=27 July 2015|title= Researchers Determine Maine's Favorite Swear Words To Use On The Internet (NSFW) |url=http://wcyy.com/researchers-determine-maines-favorite-swear-words-to-use-on-the-internet-nsfw/}}</ref>


==Examples of use==
''Cunted'' can mean to be extremely under the influence of drink and/or drugs.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.wiktionary.org/cunted | title = cunted| accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref>
{{excessive examples|section|date=August 2016}}


===Literature===
===Usage in modern popular culture===


] was one of the first major 20th-century novelists to put the word "cunt" into print. In the context of one of the central characters in '']'' (1922), ], Joyce refers to the ] and to {{blockquote|... the oldest people. Wandered far away over all the earth, captivity to captivity, multiplying, dying, being born everywhere. It lay there now. Now it could bear no more. Dead: an old woman's: the grey sunken cunt of the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themodernword.com/joyce/joyce_paper_conley.html |title=Commentary on Joyce |publisher=Themodernword.com |date=1939-05-07 |access-date=2011-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230070108/http://themodernword.com/joyce/joyce_paper_conley.html |archive-date=2011-12-30 }}</ref>}}
====Theatre====
Joyce uses the word figuratively rather than literally; but while Joyce used the word only once in ''Ulysses'', with four other wordplays ('cunty') on it, ] later used the word ten times in '']'' (1928), in a more direct sense.<ref>{{cite news|author=Doris Lessing |url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,,1819727,00.html |title=Review of "Lady Chatterley" |publisher=Books.guardian.co.uk |date= 14 July 2006|access-date=18 December 2011 |location=London}}</ref> Mellors, the gamekeeper and eponymous lover, tries delicately to explain the definition of the word to Lady Constance Chatterley: "If your sister there comes ter me for a bit o' cunt an' tenderness, she knows what she's after." The novel was the subject of ] against its publishers, ], on grounds of obscenity.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://books.guardian.co.uk/extracts/story/0,,367917,00.html|title= Cock-up and cover-up|access-date=6 March 2008 |work= The Guardian | location=London}}</ref>
Theatre censorship was effectively abolished in the UK in 1968; prior to that all theatrical productions had to be pre-vetted by the ]; this relaxation made possible ] productions such as "]" and "]". But "cunt" was not uttered on a British stage for some years.<ref name = "Chubby"></ref>


] was an associate of Joyce, and in his '']'' (1956), he writes: "His young wife had abandoned all hope of bringing him to heel, by means of her cunt, that ] of young wives."<ref>{{cite book | title = Women in Beckett | year = 1990 | isbn = 978-0-252-06256-8 | publisher = University of Illinois | last = Ben-Zvi | first = Linda}}</ref> In 1998, ] published '']''. In ]'s novel '']'' (2001), set in 1935, the word is used in the draft of a ] mistakenly sent instead of a revised version and, although not spoken, is an important plot pivot.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yalereviewofbooks.com/archive/spring02/review15.shtml.htm |title=Ian McEwan's Fictional Act of Atonement. |access-date=6 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317055448/http://www.yalereviewofbooks.com/archive/spring02/review15.shtml.htm |archive-date=17 March 2008 }}</ref>
====Television====
Broadcast media, by definition, reach wide audiences and thus are regulated externally for content.
To minimise not only public criticism but also regulatory sanctions, policies have been developed by media providers as to how "cunt" and similar words should be treated.<ref>BBC. </ref> In a survey of 2000 commissioned by the British ], ], BBC and ], "cunt" was regarded as the most offensive word which could be heard, above "]" and "]".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.asa.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1EAEACA7-8322-4C86-AAC2-4261551F57FE/0/ASA_Delete_Expletives_Dec_2000.pdf#search=%22%22delete%20expletives%22%22 | title = "Delete Expletives" | accessdate = 2004-04-02 | format = PDF}}</ref> Nevertheless, there have been occasions when, particularly in a live broadcast, the word has been aired outside editorial control:
* '']'', broadcast live on November 7, 1970: The first time the word was known to have been used on British television, by ], in an affectionate reference rather than offensively. This incident has since been reshown many times.<ref name="Indy">{{cite web |url= http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-c-word-524059.html|title= The C word|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref>
* ] first said on television the line "They say you are what you eat. I'm a cunt."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970201/ai_n14088564/pg_2|title= Books: A blast of Jacobson's Organ|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,1541264,00.html|title= No laughing matter|accessdate=2008-03-06 |format= HTML|work= }}</ref>
* '']'' broadcast the word in 2000, used by the ] ] while being interviewed live about her role in '']''<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20020214201246/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/media/story.jsp?story=114876 |url= http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/media/story.jsp?story=114876 |archivedate=2002-02-14 |title=Caprice accidentally breaks the last linguistic taboo on television |accessdate=2008-03-06 }}</ref>
However "cunt" has crossed over from accidental to purposeful use:
* The first scripted use of the word in the ] was in the ] drama "No Mama No", broadcast in 1979.<ref name = "Indy"/>
* '']'' was shown by the ] in January 2005. The performance included the phrase "cunting, cunting, cunting, cunting cunt" (a description of the Devil). However, more controversy was generated by the ] saying that he "Might be 'a bit gay'" than by the use of "cunt".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2005/jan/09/broadcasting.religion|title = F*** you, says BBC as 50,000 rage at Spr*ng*r |accessdate=2008-03-06 }}</ref>
* In July 2007 ] dedicated a full hour to the word in a detailed documentary ("The 'C' Word") about the origins, use and evolution of the word from the early 1900s to the present day. Presented by British comedian ], viewers were taken to a street in ] once called 'Gropecunt Lane' and presented with examples of the acceptability of "cunt" as a word.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007sj0x|title= The C Word: How We Came to Swear By It|accessdate=2008-03-06 }}</ref>
In the ] the broadcast use of "cunt" is still rare; nevertheless, the word has slowly infiltrated into broadcasting:
* The ] TV shows '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']'' also make frequent use of the word; and two episodes of the sitcom '']''<ref>"Beloved Aunt" and "The Shrimp Incident"</ref> are devoted to the comical repercussions of its inadvertent use.
* Another HBO program '']'' featured an episode, "]", revolving around Louie ruining his entire weekend by calling his wife a cunt.
* Similarly, ] uttered the word on a live airing of the '']'' in 2008 when speaking about the Vagina Monologues.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/02/15/fonda_slip/|title=Jane Fonda c-word slip shocks US |accessdate=2008-03-06 }}</ref>


] uses the word widely in his novels, such as '']'', generally as a generic placeholder for a man, and not always negatively, e.g. "Ah wis the cunt wi the fuckin pool cue in ma hand, n the plukey cunt could huv the fat end ay it in his pus if he wanted, like."<ref name="mullan">{{cite news |last1=Mullan |first1=John |title=Trainspotting: dialect |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/may/31/irvinewelsh |access-date=1 May 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=31 May 2008}}</ref><ref name="Irvine Welsh"/>
====Film====

===Art===
{{See also|Vagina and vulva in art}}
The word is occasionally used in the titles of works of art, such as Peter Renosa's portrait of the pop singer ], ''I am the Cunt of Western Civilization'', from a 1990 quote by the singer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edgemedianetwork.com/health_fitness/hiv_aids/features//150456/controversial_madonna_painting_opens_magnet_hiv_clinic_ar.t_show |title=Controversial Madonna Painting Opens Magnet HIV Clinic Art Show |last1=McCroy |first1=Winnie |date=10 October 2013 |website=www.edgemedianetwork.com |publisher=Edge Media Network |access-date=19 October 2015 |archive-date=25 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125054524/http://www.edgemedianetwork.com/health_fitness/hiv_aids/features//150456/controversial_madonna_painting_opens_magnet_hiv_clinic_ar.t_show |url-status=dead }}</ref> One of the first works of ] was a self-portrait in 1969<ref>{{cite web |title=George the Cunt and Gilbert the Shit |url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/88827/george-cunt-and-gilbert-shit |website=National Galleries of Scotland |language=en}}</ref> entitled "Gilbert the Shit and George the Cunt".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jeffries |first1=Stuart |title=Gilbert and George: the odd couple {{!}} Stuart Jeffries |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jun/24/gilbert-george-white-cube |access-date=16 July 2018 |work=The Guardian |date=24 June 2009 |language=en}}</ref> The London performance art group the ] had a song and an act called "Cunt Power", a name which potter ] borrowed for one of his early works: "An unglazed piece of modest dimensions, made from terracotta like clay – labia carefully formed with once wet material, about its midriff".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dedman |first1=Alan |title=Alan Dedman has a candid look at Grayson Perry |url=http://alan-dedman-artist.co.uk/wordpress/alan-dedman-looks-at-grayson-perry/ |website=alan-dedman-artist.co.uk |access-date=23 February 2021 |date=22 December 2017}}</ref> Australian artist Greg Taylor's display of scores of white porcelain vulvas, "CUNTS and other conversations" (2009), was deemed controversial for both its title and content, with ] warning the artist that the publicity postcards were illegal.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harrington |first1=Erin Jean |title=Women, monstrosity and horror film: gynaehorror |date=2018 |location=Abingdon, Oxon |isbn=9781315546568 }}</ref>

===Theatre===
Theatre censorship was effectively ]; prior to that, all theatrical productions had to be vetted by ]. English stand-up comedian ] claims that he was the first person to say the word on stage in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Chubby">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/tees/weareteesside/halloffame/chubbyinterview.shtml |title=Tees Stage – Interview with Chubby Brown |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |access-date=18 December 2011}}</ref>

===Television===
====United Kingdom====
Broadcast media is regulated for content, and media providers such as the ] have guidelines which specify how "cunt" and similar words should be treated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines/page/guidance-language-full|title=Editorial Guidelines – Guidance – Language – Guidance in Full|work=]|access-date=13 September 2014|archive-date=25 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225042103/http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines/page/guidance-language-full|url-status=dead}}</ref> In a survey of 2000 commissioned by the British ], ], BBC and ], "cunt" was regarded as the most offensive word which could be heard, above "]" and "]".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.asa.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1EAEACA7-8322-4C86-AAC2-4261551F57FE/0/ASA_Delete_Expletives_Dec_2000.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090521075426/http://www.asa.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1EAEACA7-8322-4C86-AAC2-4261551F57FE/0/ASA_Delete_Expletives_Dec_2000.pdf | archive-date = 21 May 2009 | title = Delete Expletives | url-status = dead | access-date = 13 September 2013 }}</ref> Nevertheless, there have been occasions when, particularly in a live broadcast, the word has been aired outside editorial control:
* '']'', broadcast 7 November 1970, was the first time the word was known to have been used on British television, in an aside by ].<ref name="Silverton" /> This incident has since been reshown many times.<ref name="Indy">{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-c-word-524059.html|title= The C word |work=] |location=London |date=22 January 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502130148/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-c-word-524059.html |archive-date=2 May 2008 |access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref>
* ] first said on television the line "They say you are what you eat. I'm a cunt."<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970201/ai_n14088564/pg_2|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130322004846/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_19970201/ai_n14088564/pg_2|url-status= dead|archive-date= 22 March 2013|title= Books: A blast of Jacobson's Organ|access-date=6 March 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,1541264,00.html|title= No laughing matter|access-date=6 March 2008 |work= The Guardian | location=London | first=Stuart | last=Jeffries | date=3 August 2005}}</ref>
* '']'' broadcast the word in 2000, used by model ] while being interviewed live about her role in '']''.<ref>{{cite news |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20020214201246/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/media/story.jsp?story=114876 |url= http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/media/story.jsp?story=114876 |archive-date=14 February 2002 |title=Caprice accidentally breaks the last linguistic taboo on television |access-date=6 March 2008 | work=The Independent |url-status= dead | location=London}}</ref>

The first scripted uses of the word on British television occurred in 1979, in the ] drama ''No Mama No''.<ref name="Silverton" /><ref name = "Indy"/> In '']'' (BBC, 2005), the suggestion that the Christ character might be gay was found more controversial than the chant describing the Devil as "cunting, cunting, cunting, cunting cunt".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/jan/09/broadcasting.religion|title = F*** you, says BBC as 50,000 rage at Spr*ng*r |access-date=6 March 2008 | work=The Guardian | location=London | first=Vanessa | last=Thorpe | date=9 January 2005}}</ref>

In July 2007 ] broadcast an hour-long documentary, entitled ''The 'C' Word'', about the origins, use and evolution of the word from the early 1900s to the present day. Presented by British comedian ], viewers were taken to a street in ] once called ] and presented with examples of the acceptability of "cunt" as a word.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007sj0x|title= The C Word: How We Came to Swear By It|access-date=6 March 2008}}</ref> (Note that "the C-word" is also a long-standing euphemism for cancer; ]'s book led to a BBC1 drama, both with that title.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Groskop|first1=Viv|title=Lisa Lynch obituary Writer who recounted her experience of cancer with engaging candour and published a book based on her popular blog|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/mar/18/lisa-lynch|access-date=20 May 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|date=18 March 2015}}</ref>)

The ''Attitudes to potentially offensive language and gestures on TV and radio'' report by ], based on research conducted by ], categorised the usage of the word 'cunt' as a highly unacceptable pre-], but generally acceptable post-watershed, along with 'fuck' and 'motherfucker'. Discriminatory words were generally considered as more offensive than the most offensive non-discriminatory words such as 'cunt' by the UK public, with discriminatory words being more regulated as a result.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/91624/OfcomOffensiveLanguage.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009191715/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/91624/OfcomOffensiveLanguage.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live|date=September 2016|title=Attitudes to potentially offensive language and gestures on TV and radio|work=]|publisher=]|access-date=24 August 2018}}</ref>

====United States====
The first scripted use on US television was on the '']'' in 1992, and a notable use occurred in '']''.<ref name="Silverton" /> In the US, an episode of the ] TV show '']'', titled "]", centered around a subordinate calling protagonist ] (]) a "cunt" and her subsequent efforts to regain her staff's favour.<ref>{{cite web|title=30 Rock - Season 1, Episode 14: The "C" Word - TV.com|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/30-rock/the-c-word-892404/|access-date=13 July 2020|archive-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628184930/http://www.tv.com/shows/30-rock/the-c-word-892404/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Characters in the popular TV series '']'' often used the term.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The essential Sopranos reader|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsoprano00lave|url-access=limited|last=Lavery|first=David|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|others=Lavery, David, 1949-, Howard, Douglas L., 1966-, Levinson, Paul.|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8131-3014-9|location=Lexington, KY|pages=–104|oclc=739713784}}</ref> ] uttered the word on a live airing of the '']'', a network broadcast-TV news program, in 2008 when being interviewed by co-host ] about '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/02/15/fonda_slip/|title=Jane Fonda c-word slip shocks US |website=] |access-date=6 March 2008}}</ref> Coincidentally, nearly two years later in 2010, also on the ''Today Show'', Vieira interviewed a thirteen-year-old girl said the word twice to describe the contents of ] she was privy to that were central to a well publicised and violent assault. Meredith gently cautioned the girl to choose her words more carefully. As this was a live broadcast on the East Coast, the slurs already were already broadcast, but the producers removed the audio for the Central, Mountain, and Pacific feeds as well as online. Like the Fonda incident, Vieira issued an apology later in the show.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2010 |title=WATCH: 13-Year-Old Girl Says 'C-Word' Twice On 'Today' Show |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/kayla-manson-13-year-old_n_607266 |access-date=14 June 2023 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Media Critic Thomas Francis commented on what he perceived to be hypocrisy in the media industry:

{{Blockquote
|text= Isn't it interesting how the national media licks its chops over this story, delighting in every gory detail, only to caution a 13-year-old girl to be "careful about our language"? <br/> <br/>
Why should she be careful, Meredith? Because there are 13-year-old girls in the audience? There's so much violence and vulgarity in modern American culture, words like ''cunt'' are like so many deck chairs on the ''Titanic''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Francis |first=Thomas |title=Kids Say the Damnedest Things: 13-Year-Old Deerfield Student Drops C-Word on Today Show |url=https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/kids-say-the-damnedest-things-13-year-old-deerfield-student-drops-c-word-on-today-show-6455155 |access-date=2023-06-14 |website=New Times Broward-Palm Beach |language=en}}</ref>
}}

In 2018, Canadian comedian ] had to apologise after calling ], a ] official and the daughter of US President ], a "feckless cunt".<ref name="Mahdawi">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/jun/01/samantha-bee-ivanka-trump-c-word-america|title=Samantha Bee proves there's still one word you can't say in America|last=Mahdawi|first=Arwa|date=1 June 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref>

===Radio===
On 6 December 2010 on the ] ], presenter ] referred to the British Culture Secretary ] as "Jeremy Cunt"; he later apologised for what the BBC called the inadvertent use of "an offensive four-letter word".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11925556 |title=Today presenter James Naughtie slips up on air |access-date=6 December 2010 | work=BBC News |date=6 December 2010}}</ref> In the programme following, about an hour later, ] referred to the incident during '']'' where it was said that "we won't repeat the mistake" whereupon Marr slipped up in the same way as Naughtie had.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Jackson|first1=Jasper|title=Radio 4 newsreader got champagne reward for handling Jeremy Hunt gaffe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/aug/10/radio-4-jeremy-hunt-gaff-jim-naughtie-rory-morrison|work=The Guardian|date=10 August 2015|language=en}}</ref>

===Film===
<!-- Additions here will need verifiable sources to avoid ] problems--> <!-- Additions here will need verifiable sources to avoid ] problems-->
The word has few, if any, recorded uses in mainstream cinema prior to the 1970s, the first known being in '']'' (1971) in which Jonathan (]) asks ''"Is this an ultimatum? Answer me, you ball-busting, castrating, son of a cunt bitch! Is this an ultimatum or not?"''<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066892/quotes | title = Memorable quotes for Carnal Knowledge (1971) | accessdate = 2003-03-16}}</ref> Its subsequent use was limited for a while to films ] to adult audiences, such as '']'' (1973) in which Burke Dennings (]) addresses the butler, Karl (Rudolf Schündler): ''"Cunting ]! Bloody damn butchering Nazi pig!"''<ref></ref> and '']'' (1976) in which Travis Bickle (]) describes himself as ''"A man who stood up against the scum, the cunts, the dogs, the filth, the shit. Here is a man who stood up."''<ref></ref><ref>Emmanuel Levy: Cinema of Outsiders: The Rise of American Independent Film Page 118 - NYU Press, 1999; ISBN 0814751245</ref><br /> The word's first appearance was in graffiti on a wall in the 1969 film '']''.<ref>, under "insight" section – ''Language: Infrequent strong language ('f**k') occurs, as well as a single written use of very strong language ('c**t') which appears as graffiti on a wall.''</ref> The first spoken use of the word in mainstream cinema occurs in '']'' (1971), in which Jonathan (]) asks, "Is this an ultimatum? Answer me, you ball-busting, castrating, son of a cunt bitch! Is this an ultimatum or not?" In the same year, the word was used in the film '']'', in which ] shouts "I love cunt" whilst avoiding a violent boyfriend.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murphy |first=J. J. |title=The Black Hole of the Camera: The Films of Andy Warhol |page=239 |publisher=University of California Press |date=4 March 2012 |isbn=978-0-520-27187-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJ4DyN1OmoAC&q=women+in+revolt+cunt&pg=PA239}}</ref> Nicholson later used it again, in '']'' (1975).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/the-movies-blog/100-random-movie-facts-you-really-need-to-know|title=100 Random Movie Facts You Really Need To Know|last=Nicholls|first=Owen|date=29 March 2012|work=]|access-date=13 September 2014}}</ref> Two early films by ], '']'' (1973) and '']'' (1976), use the word in the context of the ], with characters using it after they were rejected (in ''Mean Streets'') or after they have slept with the woman (in ''Taxi Driver'').<ref>{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Emmanuel |title=Cinema of Outsiders: The Rise of American Independent Film |page=118 |publisher=] |date=1 March 2001 |isbn=978-0-8147-5124-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L_j3ninWUdsC&pg=PA118 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019075627/http://books.google.com/books?id=L_j3ninWUdsC&pg=PA118 |archive-date=19 October 2014 }}</ref>
'']'' (1977) was released in two versions, 'R' (Restricted) and 'PG' (Parental Guidance), the latter omitting or replacing dialogue such as Tony Manero (])'s comment to Annette (]) ''"It's a decision a girl's gotta make early in life, if she's gonna be a nice girl or a cunt."''<ref></ref> This differential persists, and in '']'' (1991), ] (]) meets ] (]) for the first time and passes the cell of "Multiple Miggs", who says to Starling: ''"I can smell your cunt."'' In versions of the film edited for television the word is dubbed with the word ].<ref></ref><br />
<!-- In view of the now-entrenched use of this word in movies, it is recommended that any further additions to this chronological list be the subject of restraint, i.e. ask yourself "What makes this use of the word NOTABLE?". NN and unreferenced uses will be removed with extreme prejudice -->
More recently, use of the word "cunt" in film is still capable of generating controversy; in 2002 ]'s film '']'' was given an "18" rating by the ], ensuring that young people of the age depicted in the film were unable to view it legally. This rating was imposed because of the language used, with an estimated twenty uses of "cunt".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://film.guardian.co.uk/censorship/news/0,,804490,00.html | title= Loach tells sweet sixteens to ignore BBFC | accessdate = 2008-03-06 |format= |work= }}</ref>


In notable instances, the word has been edited out. '']'' (1977) was released in two versions, "R" (Restricted) and "PG" (Parental Guidance), the latter omitting or replacing dialogue such as Tony Manero (])'s comment to Annette (]), "It's a decision a girl's gotta make early in life, if she's gonna be a nice girl or a cunt".<ref name="Silverton">{{cite book|last=Silverton|first=Peter|title=Filthy English: The How, Why, When And What Of Everyday Swearing|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSErq0ssG74C&pg=PT64|year=2011|publisher=Granta|isbn=978-1-84627-452-7|page=64|chapter=Vulvas, Vaginas and Breasts}}</ref> This differential persists, and in '']'' (1991), ] (]) meets ] (]) for the first time and passes the cell of "Multiple Miggs", who says to Starling: "I can smell your cunt." In versions of the film edited for television the word is dubbed with the word ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102926/quotes |title=Silence of the Lambs (1991) |publisher=Internet Movie Database |access-date=12 February 2009}}</ref> The 2010 film '']'' caused a controversy when the word was used by ] because the actress playing the part, ], was 11 years old at the time of filming.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2010/04/14/a-movie-breaks-the-c-word-taboo.html | title=Hollywood Busts a Taboo | newspaper=The Daily Beast | first=Nicole|last=LaPorte | date=14 April 2010 |access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Cox">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2010/apr/02/kick-ass-bad-language|title=Kick-Ass kicks the c-word into the mainstream|last=Cox|first=David|date=2 April 2010|work=]|access-date=13 September 2014}}</ref>
====Comedy====
In their ] dialogues, ] and ], particularly Cook, arguably made the word more accessible in the ]; in the 1976 sketch "This Bloke Came Up To Me", "cunt" is used 31 times.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.phespirit.info/derekandclive/live_02.htm | title = Derek & Clive - "This Bloke Came Up To Me" | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> The word is also used extensively by ] comedian ], which ensures that his ] act has never been fully shown on ] television.<ref name = "Chubby"/> Australian comedic singer ] makes extensive use of the word, most notably in the songs ''Caring Understanding Nineties Type'' and ''You Can't Say "Cunt" in Canada''.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ozmusic-central.com.au/oztabs/uvw/wilson_kevinbloody/Caring%20Understanding%20Nineties%20Type.txt | title = Caring Understanding Nineties Type | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> The word appears on ]'s list of the ].


In Britain, use of the word "cunt" may result in an "18" rating from the ] (BBFC), and this happened to ]'s film '']'', because of an estimated twenty uses of "cunt".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://film.guardian.co.uk/censorship/news/0,,804490,00.html |title=Loach tells sweet sixteens to ignore BBFC |work=The Guardian |date=4 October 2002 |access-date=12 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref> Still, the BBFC's guidelines at "15" state that "very strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/what-classification/15|title=15 – British Board of Film Classification|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> Also directed by Loach, '']'' was given a 15 certificate despite more than one instance of the word.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/my-name-joe-1970-3|title=My Name is Joe rated 15 by the BBFC |publisher=Bbfc.co.uk |access-date=16 July 2016}}</ref> The 2010 ] biopic '']'' was given a "15" rating despite containing seven uses of the word.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bbfc.co.uk/website/Classified.nsf/0/550684df5d1e6da9802576930054b16d?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=1#_Section1 |title=Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll rated 15 by the BBFC |publisher=Bbfc.co.uk |access-date=18 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007154124/http://bbfc.co.uk/website/Classified.nsf/0/550684df5d1e6da9802576930054b16d?OpenDocument&ExpandSection=1 |archive-date=7 October 2011 }}</ref> The BBFC have also allowed it at the "12" level, in the case of well known works such as Hamlet.<ref>{{dead link|date=November 2021}}</ref>
====Popular music====
In 1977, during a concert at ]'s ], ] introduced a song by stating, "If this song don't put the cunt back in ], I don't know what will." The comment was quoted widely in the press, and Carter spent much of the next decade trying to live the comment down.<ref>{{cite book |author=Chapman, Marshall |title=Goodbye, little rock and roller |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=0-312-31568-6 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> However use of the word in lyrics is not recorded before the ] band ]' 1978 version of '']'', which marked the first known use of the word in a ] Top Ten hit, as a line was changed to "You cunt/I'm not a queer".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://observer.guardian.co.uk/omm/ttremastered/story/0,,2127431,00.html | title = The OMM top 50 covers | accessdate = 2008-03-16}}</ref> The following year, "cunt" was used more explicitly in the song "Why D'Ya Do It? from ]'s album ]: {{quote|Why'd ya do it, she screamed, after all we've said,<br />
Every time I see your dick I see her cunt in my bed.<ref>{{cite news |first= Simon|last= Price|authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Arts Etc: Rock & Pop - Faithfull: foul-mouthed and fabulous |url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020317/ai_n12601024 |work= ]|publisher= |date= 2002-03-17 |accessdate=2008-04-23 }}</ref>}}


===Comedy===
Since then, the word has been used by numerous non-mainstream bands, such as Australian band ], who released an ] in 1993 ''"]"'', and a single in 1998 entitled ''"]"'', which was banned. The American ] band ], on being signed to a bigger label, shortened their name to AxCx.
In their ] dialogues, ] and ], particularly Cook, used the word in the 1976 sketch "This Bloke Came Up To Me", with "cunt" used 35 times.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.phespirit.info/derekandclive/live_02.htm | title = Derek & Clive – "This Bloke Came Up To Me" | access-date = 6 April 2008 | archive-date = 15 February 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080215230945/http://www.phespirit.info/derekandclive/live_02.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> The word is also used extensively by British comedian ], which ensures that his ] act has never been fully shown on UK television.<ref name = "Chubby"/>


Australian stand-up comedian ] frequently refers to his audiences as "cunts" and makes frequent use of the word in his acts, which got him arrested in Queensland and Western Australia for breaching obscenity laws of those states in the mid-1980s. Australian comedic singer ] makes extensive use of the word, most notably in the songs ''Caring Understanding Nineties Type'' and ''You Can't Say "Cunt" in Canada''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ozmusic-central.com.au/oztabs/uvw/wilson_kevinbloody/Caring%20Understanding%20Nineties%20Type.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050709141654/http://www.ozmusic-central.com.au/oztabs/uvw/wilson_kevinbloody/Caring%20Understanding%20Nineties%20Type.txt |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 July 2005 |title=Caring Understanding Nineties Type |access-date=6 April 2008}}</ref>
] is a ] who has used the word, referring to the vagina, in the song "I'm Not a Player" from his 1998 debut album '']''. He says in a line "Excuse me for bein' blunt, but I've been eatin' cunts".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bigpunforever.com/imnotaplayer.html | title = I'm Not a Player | accessdate = 2008-06-26}}</ref>


The word appears in American comic ]'s 1972 standup routine on the list of the ] that could not, at that time, be said on American broadcast television, a routine that led to a U.S. Supreme Court decision.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/george-carlin-seven-words-that-shook-a-nation-852833.html |title=George Carlin: Seven words that shook a nation, The Independent, June 24, 2008 |publisher=Independent.co.uk |date=24 June 2008 |access-date=18 December 2011 |location=London}}</ref> While some of the original seven are now heard on US broadcast television from time to time, "cunt" remains generally taboo except on premium paid subscription cable channels like HBO or Showtime. Comedian ] uses the term frequently in his stage act as well as on his television show '']'' on ] network, which bleeps it out.
] is another rapper who uses the word, in his songs "Brain Damage" from his 1999 album '']'' and "Who Knew" from his 2000 album '']''.


In 2018, Canadian comedian ] had to apologise after calling ] a cunt on American late night TV show '']''.<ref name="Mahdawi" />
====Computer/Video Games====
In the 2008 title '']'' by ] and distributed by ], available on the ] and ] consoles, the word, amongst many other expletives, was used by at least one in-game character as a general expletive towards another in-game character or characters.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/news/2007/03/FF_160_rockstar?currentPage=all | title = The Road to Ruin: How Grand Theft Auto Hit the Skids | date = March 29, 2007 | accessdate = 2008-06-17}}</ref>


===Music===
==Linguistic variants and derivatives==
The 1977 ] album, '']'', used the word in the opening line of the track "Plaistow Patricia", thus: "Arseholes, bastards, fucking cunts and pricks",<ref name="Plaistow">{{cite web |title=Ian Dury : New Boots and Panties |url=http://www.pennyblackmusic.co.uk/magsitepages/Article.aspx?id=4487 |last=Clarkson |first=John |access-date=21 September 2011 |archive-date=25 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325175420/http://www.pennyblackmusic.co.uk/magsitepages/Article.aspx?id=4487 |url-status=dead }}</ref> particularly notable as there is no musical lead-in to the lyrics.<ref>{{cite book|last=Warner|first=Alan|title=Can's Tago Mago|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_0ogBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT27|year=2014|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-62892-110-6|page=27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Ian Dury & The Blockheads -New Boots And Panties!! 40th Anniversary album review | first = Everett | last =True | work = Classic Rock | date = 3 November 2017 | access-date = 21 March 2018 | url = http://teamrock.com/review/2017-11-03/ian-dury-the-blockheads-new-boots-and-panties-40th-anniversary-album-review}}</ref>
Various ]s, ] forms and ]s are used to imply the word without actually saying it, thereby escaping obvious censure and censorship.


In 1979, during a concert at New York's ], ] introduced a song about mate-swapping called "Swap-Meat Rag" by stating, "If this song doesn't put the cunt back in country, nothing will."<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408213656/http://www.carlenecarterfanclub.com/press-group-299.html |date=8 April 2014}}. Carlene Carter Fan Club. Retrieved 18 October 2010.</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=this is a fan site|date=October 2020}} However use of the word in lyrics is not recorded before the ]'s 1978 version of "]", which marked the first known use of the word in a UK top 10 hit, as a line was changed to "You cunt/I'm not a queer".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/omm/ttremastered/story/0,,2127431,00.html |title=The OMM top 50 covers |access-date=16 March 2008 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> The following year, "cunt" was used more explicitly in the song "Why D'Ya Do It?" from ]'s album '']'': {{blockquote|Why'd ya do it, she screamed, after all we've said,<br />
===Spoonerisms and acronyms===
Every time I see your dick I see her cunt in my bed.<ref>{{cite news |first=Simon|last=Price|title=Arts Etc: Rock & Pop – Faithfull: foul-mouthed and fabulous |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020317/ai_n12601024 |work=] |date=17 March 2002 |access-date=23 April 2008}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>}}
Deriving from a dirty joke: "What's the difference between a circus and a strip club?"- "The circus has a bunch of cunning stunts...",<ref>{{cite journal |last= Dundes|first= Alan|authorlink= |coauthors= Georges, Robert A.|year= 1962|month= September|title= Some Minor Genres of Obscene Folklore |journal= The Journal of American Folklore|volume= 75|issue= 297|pages= 221–226|id= |url= |accessdate= 2008-03-18|quote=|doi= 10.2307/537724 }}</ref> the phrase ''cunning stunt'' has been used in popular music. Its first documented appearance was by the English band ] who released the album '']'' in July 1975;<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.caravan-info.co.uk/backcatalogue/ | title = Caravan Information Service | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> the title was later used by ] for a ], and in 1992 ] released an ] with the same title. In his 1980s ] television programme, ] played a vapid starlet, ''Cupid Stunt'',<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/classic/kennyeverett/gallery/09.shtml | title = Classic TV - The Kenny Everett Television Show - Gallery | accessdate = 2008-03-16}}</ref> and more recently comedian ] has hosted a British television comedy ], ].<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://paramountcomedy.com/comedy/news/article.aspx?id=245 | title = Al Murray To Be Pub Quiz Master | accessdate = 2008-03-16}}</ref>


The ] song, "Kuff Dam" (i.e. "Mad fuck" in reverse), from their 1987 debut album, '']'', includes the lyrics "You see that Jesus is a cunt / And never helped you with a thing that you do, or you don't". Biblical scholar James Crossley, writing in the academic journal, ''Biblical Interpretation'', analyses the Happy Mondays' reference to "Jesus is a cunt" as a description of the "useless assistance" of a now "inadequate Jesus".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Crossley |first=James |date=April 2011 |title=For EveryManc a Religion: Biblical and Religious Language in the Manchester Music Scene, 1976–1994 |journal=Biblical Interpretation |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=151–180 |doi=10.1163/156851511X557343 |publisher=Brill }}</ref> A phrase from the same lyric, "Jesus is a cunt" was included on the notorious ] T-shirt which depicted a ] nun on the front and the slogan "Jesus is a cunt" in large letters on the back. The T-shirt was banned in New Zealand, in 2008.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0807/S00009.htm|title=Censor's Ban on "Cradle of Filth" T-shirt|publisher=Society For Promotion Of Community Standards Inc.|date=1 July 2008 |access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref>
There are numerous informal acronyms, including various apocryphal stories concerning academic establishments, such as the ''Cambridge University National Trust Society''.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://standanddeliver.blogs.com/dombo/bill_oddie/index.html | title=My Chat with Graeme Garden, Full Blown | accessdate = 2008-03-18}}</ref>


] in "Dance of Seven Veils" on her 1993 album '']'', uses the word in the line "I only ask because I'm a real cunt in spring".{{cite AV media |people=Liz Phair |date=22 June 1993 |title=Exile in Guyville |medium=vinyl |format=Double LP|url=http://www.discogs.com/Liz-Phair-Exile-In-Guyville/master/26390 |id=Matador Records, OLE 051-1}}
See also '']''


The word has been used by numerous non-mainstream bands, such as the Australian band ], who released an ] in 1993 '']'' (a reference to Australia's label the "lucky country"). They also released a single in 1998 entitled "]", which was banned.{{by whom|date=January 2022}}{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} The American ] band ], on being signed to a bigger label, shortened their name to AxCx.<ref>{{cite news | date=10 July 2013 | title=The Dumbest Band Names of All Time: Anal Cunt | magazine=] | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/readers-poll-the-dumbest-band-names-of-all-time-20130710/9-anal-cunt-0855465 | access-date=4 August 2017 | archive-date=4 August 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804214906/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/readers-poll-the-dumbest-band-names-of-all-time-20130710/9-anal-cunt-0855465 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Puns===
The name ] is a frequent substitute for the unspeakable; it has been used in a scene from the movie '']'',<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084522/quotes | title = Porky's (1982) | accessdate = 2008-03-18}}</ref> for a character in the ] radio comedy ].<ref>{{ cite web | url = http://www.britishcomedy.org.uk/comedy/radioactive.htm | title = RADIO ACTIVE | Accessdate = 2008-030-18 }}</ref> and in the title of a 2004 exhibition at the ], "Has Anyone Seen Mike Hunt?"<ref name = Pretorius>{{ cite web | title = Etymology Of Cunt | url = http://www.tanyapretorius.co.za/content/infoholism/etymology/etymology%20cunt.htm| accessdate = 2004-04-23 }}</ref>
Apart from more directly obvious references, ] famously defined ''countryside'' on '']'' as the act of 'murdering ]' <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/des-kelly-my-life-in-media-519169.html | title = Des Kelly - My Life in Media | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> and in '']'', Donna and Gaz are perusing erotic novels when they come across '']''. However, Gaz helpfully informs Donna that 'it doesn't say Count'.<ref>{{cite episode |title= Mate Date|episodelink= |series= Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps|serieslink= |credits= |network= BBC |station= BBC3|airdate= 2004-03-21 |season= 4 |number= 6|minutes= }}</ref> Similarly, in an episode of '']'', Sophie tells Tim that she can't see him as there's been a misprint on the title of one of the magazines she works on - ''Total Cult''.<ref>{{cite episode |title= Gone|episodelink= |series= Spaced|serieslink= |credits= |network= Channel 4|station= |airdate= 2001-03-30 |season= 2 |number= 5|minutes= }}</ref> In all these uses, the audience are left to make the connection.


===Computer and video games===
Even Parliaments are not immune from punning uses; as recalled by former ] prime minister ]:
{{quote|Never in the House did I use the word which comes to mind. The nearest I came to doing so was when ], a member of the cavalleria rusticana, was raving and ranting on the adjournment and shouted: "I am a ] member". I interjected "I remember". He could not understand why, for the first time in all the years he had been speaking in the House, there was instant and loud applause from both sides.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://whitlamdismissal.com/speeches/00-05-24_politicians-humour-debate.shtml | title = That Politicians Have Lost Their Sense Of Humour | accessdate = 2008-03-18}}</ref>}}and ] used a variation of this same gag on BBC TV's '']''. "] was a ] member... and we do remember".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0115286/quotes | title = Never Mind the Buzzcocks (1996) | accessdate = 2008-03-18}}</ref>


The 2004 title '']'' by ] used the word several times during the game.<ref>, 30 November 2004, {{cite web |url=http://au.ign.com/ |title=Video Games, Wikis, Cheats, Walkthroughs, Reviews, News & Videos - IGN |access-date=19 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210224149/http://au.ign.com/ |archive-date=10 December 2014 }}</ref>
===Rhyming slang===
Several celebrities have had their names used as euphemisms, including footballer ],<ref name = Partridge>{{cite book | last = Partridge |first = Eric| coauthor = Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor | title = The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = New York| year = 2006 |isbn = 041525938X }}</ref> actor ],<ref></ref><ref>] for ...]</ref><ref>Anonymous ''Dirty Cockney Rhyming Slang'' Michael O'Mara Books Ltd. ISBN 1-84317-035-3</ref> singer ],<ref name = Pretorius/> and 1970s motor-racing driver ], whose name was once used to introduce the radio show ] as "the show that is to panel games what James Hunt is to rhyming slang".<ref name = Pretorius/>


In the 2008 title '']'' (developed by ] and distributed by ]), the word, amongst many other expletives, was used by James Pegorino who, after finding out that his personal bodyguard had ], exclaimed "The world is a cunt!" while aiming a shotgun at the player.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/news/2007/03/FF_160_rockstar?currentPage=all |title=The Road to Ruin: How Grand Theft Auto Hit the Skids |date=29 March 2007 |access-date=17 June 2008 |magazine=Wired |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505235747/http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/news/2007/03/FF_160_rockstar/?currentPage=all |archive-date=5 May 2008}}</ref>
A canting form of some antiquity is ''berk'', short for "]" or "Berkshire Hunt",<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/berk | title = Berk - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.everything2.org/index.pl?node_id=99938 | title = Cockney rhyming slang@Everything2.com | accessdate = 2008-04-06}}</ref> and in a ] sketch, an ]c man replaces the initial "c" of words with "b", producing ''silly bunt''. Scottish comedian ] claimed to have worked for a firm called "Lunt, Hunt & Cunningham".<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.transdiffusion.org/emc/tvheroes/haldaneduncan/chic_murray_remembered.php | title = TV Heroes: Part 09: Chic Murray Remembered | accessdate = 2008-04-23}}</ref>


==Linguistic variants and derivatives==
==Other meanings==
Various ]s, ] forms and ]s are used to imply the word without actually saying it, thereby escaping obvious censure and censorship.
The word "cunt" forms part of some technical terms used in seafaring and other industries.


===Nautical usage=== ===Spoonerisms===
{{See also|Spoonerism}}
]
A '''cunt splice''' is a type of ] used to join two lines in the ] of ships. The two ends are side spliced together with a gap between the two parts, forming a short section where the two lines lay side-by-side when taut.<ref name="falconers">William Falconer, '''' (London: Thomas Cadell, 1780), 1243.</ref> In recent times its name has been ] to "cut splice".


Deriving from a ]: "What's the difference between a circus and a strip club?"- "The circus has a bunch of cunning stunts...".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Dundes |first= Alan |author2=Georges, Robert A. |date=September 1962 |title=Some Minor Genres of Obscene Folklore |journal=The Journal of American Folklore |volume=75 |issue=297 |pages=221–226 |doi=10.2307/537724 |publisher=American Folklore Society |jstor=537724 }}</ref> The phrase ''cunning stunt'' has been used in popular music. Its first documented appearance was by the English band ], who released the album '']'' in July 1975;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caravan-info.co.uk/backcatalogue/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124212230/http://www.caravan-info.co.uk/backcatalogue/ |archive-date=24 January 2010 | title=Caravan discography |publisher=Caravan Information Service |date = September 2005|access-date=12 February 2009}}</ref> the title was later used by ] for a ], and in 1992 ] released an ]. In his 1980s BBC television programme, ] played a vapid starlet, ''Cupid Stunt''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/classic/kennyeverett/gallery/09.shtml |title=Classic TV – The Kenny Everett Television Show – Gallery |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 March 2008}}</ref>
The ''Dictionary of Sea Terms'', found within ] 1841 maritime ] ''The Seaman's Friend'', defines the word '''cuntline''' as "the space between the bilges of two casks, stowed side by side. Where one cask is set upon the cuntline between two others, they are stowed ''bilge and cuntline''."<ref name="seamans">Richard Henry Dana, Jr., '''' (Boston: Thomas Groom & Co., 1879; Dover Republication 1997), 104.</ref> The "bilge" of a barrel or cask is the widest point, so when stored together the two casks would produce a curved V-shaped gap.


===Acronyms===
The glossary of '']'' by ], first published in 1944, defines '''cuntlines''' as "the surface seams between the strands of a rope."<ref name="ashley598">Clifford W. Ashley, ''The Ashley Book of Knots'' (New York: Doubleday, 1944), 598.</ref> Though referring to a different object than Dana's definition, it similarly describes the crease formed by two abutting cylinders.<ref name="ashleynote">Examples of Ashley's usage of "cuntline" are found in the descriptions for illustrations #3338 and #3351.</ref>
There are numerous informal acronyms, including various apocryphal stories concerning academic establishments, such as the ''Cambridge University ] Society''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://standanddeliver.blogs.com/dombo/bill_oddie/index.html | title=My Chat with Graeme Garden, Full Blown |last=Romeo |first=Demetrius |date=22 February 2005 |access-date=12 February 2009}}</ref>


===US military usage=== ===Puns===
The name "Mike Hunt" is a frequent pun on ''my cunt''; it has been used in a scene from the movie '']'',<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084522/quotes | title = Porky's (1982) | website = ] | access-date = 18 March 2008}}</ref> and for a character in the ] radio comedy '']'' in the 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishcomedy.org.uk/comedy/radioactive.htm|title=Radio Active|website=www.britishcomedy.org.uk}}</ref> "Has Anyone Seen Mike Hunt?" were the words written on a "pink neon sculpture" representing the letter C, in a 2004 exhibition of the alphabet at the ] in collaboration with the ].<ref name="Pretorius">{{cite web |title=Etymology Of Cunt |url=http://www.tanyapretorius.co.za/content/infoholism/etymology/etymology%20cunt.htm |last=Pretorius |first=Tanya |work=Tanya Pretorius' Bookmarks |access-date=12 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Maev | last=Kennedy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/oct/23/education.arts |title=Library show for word rhyming with hunt|newspaper=The Guardian |date= 23 October 2004|access-date=18 December 2011 |location=London}}</ref>
U.S. military personnel refer privately to a common uniform item, a flat, soft cover (hat) with a fold along the top resembling an invagination, as a '''cunt cap'''.<ref name = Dickson>{{cite book |title= War Slang: American Fighting Words and Phrases Since the Civil War|last= Dickson|first= Paul|authorlink= |coauthors= |year= 2004|publisher= Brassey's|location= Dulles, VA|isbn= 978-1574887105|pages= 145}}</ref> The proper name for the item is ] or overseas cap, depending on the organization in which it is worn.


As well as obvious references, there are also allusions. On '']'', ] once defined ''countryside'' as the act of "murdering ]".<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/des-kelly-my-life-in-media-519169.html | title = Des Kelly – My Life in Media | access-date = 6 April 2008 | work=The Independent | location=London | date=12 December 2005}}</ref>
===Hot-metal printing===

In the traditional hot-metal printing industry, a '''cunt lead''' was a term that was formerly used to describe a small additional inter-line gap, usually of less than 1]. The term is derived from the term ] which describes more generally inter-line gaps (from the strips of lead that were used to provide the separations).
===Derived meanings===
The word "cunt" forms part of some technical terms used in seafaring and other industries.
* In nautical usage, a '''cunt splice''' is a type of ] used to join two lines in the ] of ships.<ref name="falconers">Falconer, William. ''''. London: Thomas Cadell, 1780, p. 1243.</ref> Its name has been ] since at least 1861, and in more recent times it is commonly referred to as a "cut splice".<ref name="ashley461">Ashley, Clifford W. ''The Ashley Book of Knots''. New York: Doubleday, 1944, p. 461.</ref>
* The ''Dictionary of Sea Terms'', found within ] 1841 maritime ] ''The Seaman's Friend'', defines the word '''cuntline''' as "the space between the bilges of two casks, stowed side by side. Where one cask is set upon the cuntline between two others, they are stowed ''bilge and cuntline''."<ref name="seamans">Dana Jr., Richard Henry. Boston: Thomas Groom & Co., 1879; Dover Republication 1997, p. 104.</ref> The "bilge" of a barrel or cask is the widest point, so when stored together the two casks would produce a curved V-shaped gap. The glossary of '']'' by ], first published in 1944, defines '''cuntlines''' as "the surface seams between the strands of a rope."<ref name="ashley598">Ashley, 598.</ref> Though referring to a different object from Dana's definition, it similarly describes the crease formed by two abutting cylinders.<ref name="ashleynote">Examples of Ashley's usage of "cuntline" are found in the descriptions for illustrations #3338 and #3351.</ref>
* In US military usage personnel refer privately to a common uniform item, a flat, soft cover (hat) with a fold along the top resembling an invagination, as a '''cunt cap'''.<ref name="Dickson">{{cite book |title= War Slang: American Fighting Words and Phrases Since the Civil War|url= https://archive.org/details/War_Slang|last= Dickson|first= Paul|year= 2004|publisher= Brassey's|location= Dulles, Virginia|isbn= 978-1-57488-710-5|page= }}</ref> The proper name for the item is ] or overseas cap, depending on the organisation in which it is worn.
<!-- commented out pending sourcing
* In ], a '''cunt lead''' (pronounced like the soft metal) was a term that was formerly used to describe a small additional inter-line gap, usually of less than 1]. The term is derived from the term ] which describes more generally inter-line gaps (from the strips of lead that were used to provide the separations).
-->
* '''Cunt hair''' (sometimes as red cunt hair)<ref name="Dickson" /> has been used since the late 1950s to signify a very small distance.<ref name = "Morton"/>
* '''Cunt-eyed''' has been used to refer to a person with narrow, squinting eyes.<ref name="Green cunt-eyed">{{Cite book|title=Green's Dictionary of Slang|first=Jonathon |last=Green |volume=1 |publisher=Chambers |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-550-10443-4|page=1456 |url= https://greensdictofslang.com/entry/w7hgqcy |access-date=15 February 2018 |quote=... used of a person with narrow, squinting eyes}}</ref>


===Others=== ==See also==
*]
* '''Cunt hair''' (sometimes as '''red cunt hair''')<ref name = Dickson/> has been used since the late 1950s to signify a very small distance.<ref name = "Morton"/>
*]
* '''Cunt-eyed''' has been used to refer to a person suffering from ].<ref name = "Morton"/>
*]
*], including several meanings of ''cunt''


==References==
==Notes and references==
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* "Lady Love Your Cunt", 1969 article by ] (see ''References'' above)
*
* "Vaginal Aesthetics", re-creating the representation, the richness and sweetness, of "vagina/cunt", an article by Joanna Frueh Source: ''Hypatia'', Vol. 18, No. 4, Women, Art, and Aesthetics (Autumn–Winter 2003), pp.&nbsp;137–158
* '']'', a 1998 book by ]
* {{cite web |first1=Eve |last1=Siebert |publisher=Sceptical Humanities |title=Chaucer's Cunt |date=18 January 2011 |url=http://skepticalhumanities.com/2011/01/18/chaucers-cunt/ |access-date=28 February 2014}}
* '']'', a 1999 novel by ]
* ''Lady Love Your Cunt'', 1969 article by ] (see ''References'' above)


==External links== ==External links==
* {{wiktionary inline}}
*
*


{{Sexual slang}}
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Latest revision as of 23:23, 9 December 2024

Vulgar term This article is about the vulgarism. For other uses, see Cunt (disambiguation).

"Cunt" (/kʌnt/ ) is a vulgar word for the vulva in its primary sense, but it is used in a variety of ways, including as a term of disparagement. "Cunt" is often used as a disparaging and obscene term for a woman in the United States, an unpleasant or objectionable person (regardless of gender) in the United Kingdom and Ireland, or a contemptible man in Australia and New Zealand. In Australia and New Zealand, it can also be a neutral or positive term when used with a positive qualifier (e.g., "He's a good cunt"). The term has various derivative senses, including adjective and verb uses.

History

The earliest known use of the word, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, was as part of a placename: an Oxford street called Gropecunt Lane, c. 1230, now by the name of Grove Passage or Magpie Lane. Use of the word as a term of abuse is relatively recent, dating from the late nineteenth century. The word was not considered vulgar in the Middle Ages, but became so during the seventeenth century, and it was omitted from dictionaries from the late eighteenth century until the 1960s.

Etymology

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The etymology of cunt is a matter of debate, but most sources consider the word to have derived from a Germanic word (Proto-Germanic *kuntō, stem *kuntōn-), which appeared as kunta in Old Norse. Scholars are uncertain of the origin of the Proto-Germanic form itself. There are cognates in most Germanic languages, most of which also have the same meaning as the English cunt, such as the Swedish, Faroese and Nynorsk kunta; West Frisian and Middle Low German kunte; another Middle Low German kutte; Middle High German kotze (meaning "prostitute"); modern German kott; Middle Dutch conte; modern Dutch words kut (same meaning) and kont ("butt", "arse"); and perhaps Old English cot.

The etymology of the Proto-Germanic term is disputed. It may have arisen by Grimm's law operating on the Proto-Indo-European root *gen/gon "create, become" seen in gonads, genital, gamete, genetics, gene, or the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷneh₂/guneh₂ "woman" (Greek: gunê, seen in gynaecology). Similarly, its use in England likely evolved from the Latin word cunnus ("vulva"), or one of its derivatives French con, Spanish coño, and Portuguese cona. Other Latin words related to cunnus are cuneus ("wedge") and its derivative cunēre ("to fasten with a wedge", (figurative) "to squeeze in"), leading to English words such as cuneiform ("wedge-shaped"). In Middle English, cunt appeared with many spellings, such as coynte, cunte and queynte, which did not always reflect the actual pronunciation of the word.

The word, in its modern meaning, is attested in Middle English. Proverbs of Hendyng, a manuscript from some time before 1325, includes the advice:

Ȝeue þi cunte to cunnig and craue affetir wedding.
(Give your cunt wisely and make demands after the wedding.)

Offensiveness

Generally

The word cunt is generally regarded in English-speaking countries as profanity and unsuitable for normal public discourse. It has been described as "the most heavily tabooed word of all English words", although John Ayto, editor of the Oxford Dictionary of Slang, says "nigger" is more taboo.

Feminist perspectives

Flyposting of the activist platform Courageous Cunts on an urban wallSanta Cruz Women's March 2017

Some American feminists of the 1970s sought to eliminate disparaging terms for women, including "bitch" and "cunt". In the context of pornography, Catharine MacKinnon argued that use of the word acts to reinforce a dehumanisation of women by reducing them to mere body parts; and in 1979 Andrea Dworkin described the word as reducing women to "the one essential – 'cunt: our essence ... our offence'".

Despite criticisms, there is a movement among feminists that seeks to reclaim cunt not only as acceptable, but as an honorific, in much the same way that queer has been reappropriated by LGBT people and nigger has been by some African-Americans. Proponents include artist Tee Corinne in The Cunt Coloring Book (1975); Eve Ensler in "Reclaiming Cunt" from The Vagina Monologues (1996); and Inga Muscio in her book, Cunt: A Declaration of Independence (1998).

Germaine Greer, the feminist writer and professor of English who once published a magazine article entitled "Lady, Love Your Cunt" (anthologised in 1986), discussed the origins, usage and power of the word in the BBC series Balderdash and Piffle, explaining how her views had developed over time. In the 1970s she had "championed" the use of the word for the female genitalia, thinking it "shouldn't be abusive"; she rejected the "proper" word vagina, a Latin name meaning "sword-sheath" originally applied by male anatomists to all muscle coverings (see synovial sheath) – not just because it refers only to the internal canal but also because of the implication that the female body is "simply a receptacle for a weapon". But in 2006, referring to its use as a term of abuse, she said that, though used in some quarters as a term of affection, it had become "the most offensive insult one man could throw at another" and suggested that the word was "sacred", and "a word of immense power, to be used sparingly". Greer said in 2006 that "'cunt' is one of the few remaining words in the English language with a genuine power to shock."

Usage: pre-twentieth century

Cunt has been attested in its anatomical meaning since at least the 13th century. While Francis Grose's 1785 A Classical Dictionary of The Vulgar Tongue listed the word as "C**T: a nasty name for a nasty thing", it did not appear in any major English dictionary from 1795 to 1961, when it was included in Webster's Third New International Dictionary with the comment "usu. considered obscene". Its first appearance in the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1972, which cites the word as having been in use from 1230 in what was supposedly a London street name of "Gropecunte Lane". It was, however, also used before 1230, having been brought over by the Anglo-Saxons, originally not an obscenity but rather an ordinary name for the vulva or vagina. Gropecunt Lane was originally a street of prostitution, a red light district. It was normal in the Middle Ages for streets to be named after the goods available for sale therein, hence the prevalence in cities having a medieval history of names such as "Silver Street" and "Fish Street". In some locations, the former name has been bowdlerised, as in the City of York, to the more acceptable "Grape Lane".

The somewhat similar word 'queynte' appears several times in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (c. 1390), in bawdy contexts, but since it is used openly, does not appear to have been considered obscene at that time. A notable use is from the "Miller's Tale": "Pryvely he caught her by the queynte." The Wife of Bath also uses this term, "For certeyn, olde dotard, by your leave/You shall have queynte right enough at eve .... What aileth you to grouche thus and groan?/Is it for ye would have my queynte alone?" In modernised versions of these passages the word "queynte" is usually translated simply as "cunt". However, in Chaucer's usage there seems to be an overlap between the words "cunt" and "quaint" (possibly derived from the Latin for "known"). "Quaint" was probably pronounced in Middle English in much the same way as "cunt". It is sometimes unclear whether the two words were thought of as distinct from one another. Elsewhere in Chaucer's work the word queynte seems to be used with meaning comparable to the modern "quaint" (curious or old-fashioned, but nevertheless appealing). This ambiguity was still being exploited by the 17th century; Andrew Marvell's ... then worms shall try / That long preserved virginity, / And your quaint honour turn to dust, / And into ashes all my lust in To His Coy Mistress depends on a pun on these two senses of "quaint".

By Shakespeare's day, the word seems to have become obscene. Although Shakespeare does not use the word explicitly (or with derogatory meaning) in his plays, he still uses wordplay to sneak it in obliquely. In Act III, Scene 2, of Hamlet, as the castle's residents are settling in to watch the play-within-the-play, Hamlet asks his girlfriend Ophelia, "Lady, shall I lie in your lap?" Ophelia replies, "No, my lord." Hamlet, feigning shock, says, "Do you think I meant country matters?" Then, to drive home the point that the accent is definitely on the first syllable of country, Shakespeare has Hamlet say, "That's a fair thought, to lie between maids' legs." In Twelfth Night (Act II, Scene V) the puritanical Malvolio believes he recognises his employer's handwriting in an anonymous letter, commenting "There be her very Cs, her Us, and her Ts: and thus makes she her great Ps", unwittingly punning on "cunt" and "piss", and while it has also been argued that the slang term "cut" is intended, Pauline Kiernan writes that Shakespeare ridicules "prissy puritanical party-poopers" by having "a Puritan spell out the word 'cunt' on a public stage". A related scene occurs in Henry V: when Katherine is learning English, she is appalled at the gros, et impudique words "foot" and "gown", which her teacher has mispronounced as coun. It is usually argued that Shakespeare intends to suggest that she has misheard "foot" as foutre (French, "fuck") and "coun" as con (French "cunt", also used to mean "idiot").

Similarly, John Donne alludes to the obscene meaning of the word without being explicit in his poem The Good-Morrow, referring to sucking on "country pleasures". The 1675 Restoration comedy The Country Wife also features such word play, even in its title.

By the 17th century, a softer form of the word, "cunny", came into use. A well-known use of this derivation can be found in the 25 October 1668 entry of the diary of Samuel Pepys. He was discovered having an affair with Deborah Willet: he wrote that his wife "coming up suddenly, did find me embracing the girl con my hand sub su coats; and endeed I was with my main in her cunny. I was at a wonderful loss upon it and the girl also ...."

Cunny was probably derived from a pun on coney, meaning "rabbit", rather as pussy is connected to the same term for a cat. (Philip Massinger (1583–1640): "A pox upon your Christian cockatrices! They cry, like poulterers' wives, 'No money, no coney.'") Because of this slang use as a synonym for a taboo term, the word "coney", when it was used in its original sense to refer to rabbits, came to be pronounced as /ˈkoʊni/ (rhymes with "phoney"), instead of the original /ˈkʌni/ (rhymes with "honey"). Eventually, the taboo association led to the word "coney" becoming deprecated entirely and replaced by the word "rabbit".

Robert Burns (1759–1796) used the word in his Merry Muses of Caledonia, a collection of bawdy verses which he kept to himself and were not publicly available until the mid-1960s. In "Yon, Yon, Yon, Lassie", this couplet appears: "For ilka birss upon her cunt, Was worth a ryal ransom" ("For every hair upon her cunt was worth a royal ransom").

Usage: modern

As a term of abuse

"Only cunts comply!!!" - One of a series of anti-COVID-19 vaccination stickers fly-pasted onto a signboard advertising the availability of vaccines, at a health centre in Birmingham, England, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Merriam-Webster states it is a "usually disparaging and obscene" term for a woman, and that it is an "offensive way to refer to a woman" in the United States. In American slang, the term can also be used to refer to "a fellow male homosexual one dislikes". Australian scholar Emma Alice Jane describes how the term as used on modern social media is an example of what she calls "gendered vitriol", and an example of misogynistic e-bile. As a broader derogatory term, it is comparable to prick and means "a fool, a dolt, an unpleasant person – of either sex". This sense is common in New Zealand, British, and Australian English, where it is usually applied to men or as referring specifically to "a despicable, contemptible or foolish" man.

During the 1971 Oz trial for obscenity, prosecuting counsel asked writer George Melly, "Would you call your 10-year-old daughter a cunt?" Melly replied, "No, because I don't think she is."

In the 1975 film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, the central character McMurphy, when pressed to explain exactly why he does not like the tyrannical Nurse Ratched, says, "Well, I don't want to break up the meeting or nothing, but she's something of a cunt, ain't she, Doc?"

Other usage

In informal British, Irish, New Zealand, and Australian English, and occasionally but to a lesser extent in Canadian English, it can be used with no negative connotations to refer to a (usually male) person. In this sense, it may be modified by a positive qualifier (funny, clever, etc.). For example, "This is my mate Brian. He's a good cunt."

It can also be used to refer to something very difficult or unpleasant (as in "a cunt of a job").

In the Survey of English Dialects the word was recorded in some areas as meaning "the vulva of a cow". This was pronounced as in Devon, and in the Isle of Man, Gloucestershire and Northumberland. Possibly related was the word cunny , with the same meaning, in Wiltshire.

The word "cunty" is also known, although used rarely: a line from Hanif Kureishi's My Beautiful Laundrette is the definition of England by a Pakistani immigrant as "eating hot buttered toast with cunty fingers", suggestive of hypocrisy and a hidden sordidness or immorality behind the country's quaint façade. This term is attributed to British novelist Henry Green. In the United States, "cunty" is sometimes used in cross-dressing drag ball culture for a drag queen that "projects feminine beauty" and was the title of a hit song by Aviance. A visitor to a New York drag show tells of the emcee praising a queen with "cunty, cunty, cunty" as she walks past.

Rapper Azealia Banks is known for her frequent usage of the word, and her fans are known as the Kunt Brigade. She's said in one interview:

"To be cunty is to be feminine and to be, like, aware of yourself. Nobody's fucking with that inner strength and delicateness. The cunts, the gay men, adore that. My friends would say, "Oh you need to cunt it up! You're being too banjee."

In the 2020s, the phrase "serving cunt" (or to "serve cunt") became popular as a term for acting in a powerfully and unapologetically feminine manner.

Frequency of use

Frequency of use varies widely. According to research in 2013 and 2014 by Aston University and the University of South Carolina, based on a corpus of nearly 9 billion words in geotagged tweets, the word was most frequently used in the United States in New England and was least frequently used in the south-eastern states. In Maine, it was the most frequently used "cuss word" after "asshole".

Examples of use

This section may contain excessive or irrelevant examples. Please help improve the article by adding descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. (August 2016)

Literature

James Joyce was one of the first major 20th-century novelists to put the word "cunt" into print. In the context of one of the central characters in Ulysses (1922), Leopold Bloom, Joyce refers to the Dead Sea and to

... the oldest people. Wandered far away over all the earth, captivity to captivity, multiplying, dying, being born everywhere. It lay there now. Now it could bear no more. Dead: an old woman's: the grey sunken cunt of the world.

Joyce uses the word figuratively rather than literally; but while Joyce used the word only once in Ulysses, with four other wordplays ('cunty') on it, D. H. Lawrence later used the word ten times in Lady Chatterley's Lover (1928), in a more direct sense. Mellors, the gamekeeper and eponymous lover, tries delicately to explain the definition of the word to Lady Constance Chatterley: "If your sister there comes ter me for a bit o' cunt an' tenderness, she knows what she's after." The novel was the subject of an unsuccessful UK prosecution in 1961 against its publishers, Penguin Books, on grounds of obscenity.

Samuel Beckett was an associate of Joyce, and in his Malone Dies (1956), he writes: "His young wife had abandoned all hope of bringing him to heel, by means of her cunt, that trump card of young wives." In 1998, Inga Muscio published Cunt: A Declaration of Independence. In Ian McEwan's novel Atonement (2001), set in 1935, the word is used in the draft of a love letter mistakenly sent instead of a revised version and, although not spoken, is an important plot pivot.

Irvine Welsh uses the word widely in his novels, such as Trainspotting, generally as a generic placeholder for a man, and not always negatively, e.g. "Ah wis the cunt wi the fuckin pool cue in ma hand, n the plukey cunt could huv the fat end ay it in his pus if he wanted, like."

Art

See also: Vagina and vulva in art

The word is occasionally used in the titles of works of art, such as Peter Renosa's portrait of the pop singer Madonna, I am the Cunt of Western Civilization, from a 1990 quote by the singer. One of the first works of Gilbert & George was a self-portrait in 1969 entitled "Gilbert the Shit and George the Cunt". The London performance art group the Neo Naturists had a song and an act called "Cunt Power", a name which potter Grayson Perry borrowed for one of his early works: "An unglazed piece of modest dimensions, made from terracotta like clay – labia carefully formed with once wet material, about its midriff". Australian artist Greg Taylor's display of scores of white porcelain vulvas, "CUNTS and other conversations" (2009), was deemed controversial for both its title and content, with Australia Post warning the artist that the publicity postcards were illegal.

Theatre

Theatre censorship was effectively abolished in the UK in 1968; prior to that, all theatrical productions had to be vetted by Lord Chamberlain's Office. English stand-up comedian Roy "Chubby" Brown claims that he was the first person to say the word on stage in the United Kingdom.

Television

United Kingdom

Broadcast media is regulated for content, and media providers such as the BBC have guidelines which specify how "cunt" and similar words should be treated. In a survey of 2000 commissioned by the British Broadcasting Standards Commission, Independent Television Commission, BBC and Advertising Standards Authority, "cunt" was regarded as the most offensive word which could be heard, above "motherfucker" and "fuck". Nevertheless, there have been occasions when, particularly in a live broadcast, the word has been aired outside editorial control:

The first scripted uses of the word on British television occurred in 1979, in the ITV drama No Mama No. In Jerry Springer – The Opera (BBC, 2005), the suggestion that the Christ character might be gay was found more controversial than the chant describing the Devil as "cunting, cunting, cunting, cunting cunt".

In July 2007 BBC Three broadcast an hour-long documentary, entitled The 'C' Word, about the origins, use and evolution of the word from the early 1900s to the present day. Presented by British comedian Will Smith, viewers were taken to a street in Oxford once called Gropecunt Lane and presented with examples of the acceptability of "cunt" as a word. (Note that "the C-word" is also a long-standing euphemism for cancer; Lisa Lynch's book led to a BBC1 drama, both with that title.)

The Attitudes to potentially offensive language and gestures on TV and radio report by Ofcom, based on research conducted by Ipsos MORI, categorised the usage of the word 'cunt' as a highly unacceptable pre-watershed, but generally acceptable post-watershed, along with 'fuck' and 'motherfucker'. Discriminatory words were generally considered as more offensive than the most offensive non-discriminatory words such as 'cunt' by the UK public, with discriminatory words being more regulated as a result.

United States

The first scripted use on US television was on the Larry Sanders Show in 1992, and a notable use occurred in Sex and the City. In the US, an episode of the NBC TV show 30 Rock, titled "The C Word", centered around a subordinate calling protagonist Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) a "cunt" and her subsequent efforts to regain her staff's favour. Characters in the popular TV series The Sopranos often used the term. Jane Fonda uttered the word on a live airing of the Today Show, a network broadcast-TV news program, in 2008 when being interviewed by co-host Meredith Vieira about The Vagina Monologues. Coincidentally, nearly two years later in 2010, also on the Today Show, Vieira interviewed a thirteen-year-old girl said the word twice to describe the contents of text messages she was privy to that were central to a well publicised and violent assault. Meredith gently cautioned the girl to choose her words more carefully. As this was a live broadcast on the East Coast, the slurs already were already broadcast, but the producers removed the audio for the Central, Mountain, and Pacific feeds as well as online. Like the Fonda incident, Vieira issued an apology later in the show. Media Critic Thomas Francis commented on what he perceived to be hypocrisy in the media industry:

Isn't it interesting how the national media licks its chops over this story, delighting in every gory detail, only to caution a 13-year-old girl to be "careful about our language"?

Why should she be careful, Meredith? Because there are 13-year-old girls in the audience? There's so much violence and vulgarity in modern American culture, words like cunt are like so many deck chairs on the Titanic.

In 2018, Canadian comedian Samantha Bee had to apologise after calling Ivanka Trump, a White House official and the daughter of US President Donald Trump, a "feckless cunt".

Radio

On 6 December 2010 on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme, presenter James Naughtie referred to the British Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt as "Jeremy Cunt"; he later apologised for what the BBC called the inadvertent use of "an offensive four-letter word". In the programme following, about an hour later, Andrew Marr referred to the incident during Start the Week where it was said that "we won't repeat the mistake" whereupon Marr slipped up in the same way as Naughtie had.

Film

The word's first appearance was in graffiti on a wall in the 1969 film Bronco Bullfrog. The first spoken use of the word in mainstream cinema occurs in Carnal Knowledge (1971), in which Jonathan (Jack Nicholson) asks, "Is this an ultimatum? Answer me, you ball-busting, castrating, son of a cunt bitch! Is this an ultimatum or not?" In the same year, the word was used in the film Women in Revolt, in which Holly Woodlawn shouts "I love cunt" whilst avoiding a violent boyfriend. Nicholson later used it again, in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975). Two early films by Martin Scorsese, Mean Streets (1973) and Taxi Driver (1976), use the word in the context of the virgin-whore dichotomy, with characters using it after they were rejected (in Mean Streets) or after they have slept with the woman (in Taxi Driver).

In notable instances, the word has been edited out. Saturday Night Fever (1977) was released in two versions, "R" (Restricted) and "PG" (Parental Guidance), the latter omitting or replacing dialogue such as Tony Manero (John Travolta)'s comment to Annette (Donna Pescow), "It's a decision a girl's gotta make early in life, if she's gonna be a nice girl or a cunt". This differential persists, and in The Silence of the Lambs (1991), Agent Starling (Jodie Foster) meets Dr. Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins) for the first time and passes the cell of "Multiple Miggs", who says to Starling: "I can smell your cunt." In versions of the film edited for television the word is dubbed with the word scent. The 2010 film Kick-Ass caused a controversy when the word was used by Hit-Girl because the actress playing the part, Chloë Grace Moretz, was 11 years old at the time of filming.

In Britain, use of the word "cunt" may result in an "18" rating from the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), and this happened to Ken Loach's film Sweet Sixteen, because of an estimated twenty uses of "cunt". Still, the BBFC's guidelines at "15" state that "very strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification". Also directed by Loach, My Name is Joe was given a 15 certificate despite more than one instance of the word. The 2010 Ian Dury biopic Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll was given a "15" rating despite containing seven uses of the word. The BBFC have also allowed it at the "12" level, in the case of well known works such as Hamlet.

Comedy

In their Derek and Clive dialogues, Peter Cook and Dudley Moore, particularly Cook, used the word in the 1976 sketch "This Bloke Came Up To Me", with "cunt" used 35 times. The word is also used extensively by British comedian Roy 'Chubby' Brown, which ensures that his stand-up act has never been fully shown on UK television.

Australian stand-up comedian Rodney Rude frequently refers to his audiences as "cunts" and makes frequent use of the word in his acts, which got him arrested in Queensland and Western Australia for breaching obscenity laws of those states in the mid-1980s. Australian comedic singer Kevin Bloody Wilson makes extensive use of the word, most notably in the songs Caring Understanding Nineties Type and You Can't Say "Cunt" in Canada.

The word appears in American comic George Carlin's 1972 standup routine on the list of the seven dirty words that could not, at that time, be said on American broadcast television, a routine that led to a U.S. Supreme Court decision. While some of the original seven are now heard on US broadcast television from time to time, "cunt" remains generally taboo except on premium paid subscription cable channels like HBO or Showtime. Comedian Louis C.K. uses the term frequently in his stage act as well as on his television show Louie on FX network, which bleeps it out.

In 2018, Canadian comedian Samantha Bee had to apologise after calling Ivanka Trump a cunt on American late night TV show Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.

Music

The 1977 Ian Dury and The Blockheads album, New Boots and Panties, used the word in the opening line of the track "Plaistow Patricia", thus: "Arseholes, bastards, fucking cunts and pricks", particularly notable as there is no musical lead-in to the lyrics.

In 1979, during a concert at New York's Bottom Line, Carlene Carter introduced a song about mate-swapping called "Swap-Meat Rag" by stating, "If this song doesn't put the cunt back in country, nothing will." However use of the word in lyrics is not recorded before the Sid Vicious's 1978 version of "My Way", which marked the first known use of the word in a UK top 10 hit, as a line was changed to "You cunt/I'm not a queer". The following year, "cunt" was used more explicitly in the song "Why D'Ya Do It?" from Marianne Faithfull's album Broken English:

Why'd ya do it, she screamed, after all we've said,
Every time I see your dick I see her cunt in my bed.

The Happy Mondays song, "Kuff Dam" (i.e. "Mad fuck" in reverse), from their 1987 debut album, Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile (White Out), includes the lyrics "You see that Jesus is a cunt / And never helped you with a thing that you do, or you don't". Biblical scholar James Crossley, writing in the academic journal, Biblical Interpretation, analyses the Happy Mondays' reference to "Jesus is a cunt" as a description of the "useless assistance" of a now "inadequate Jesus". A phrase from the same lyric, "Jesus is a cunt" was included on the notorious Cradle of Filth T-shirt which depicted a masturbating nun on the front and the slogan "Jesus is a cunt" in large letters on the back. The T-shirt was banned in New Zealand, in 2008.

Liz Phair in "Dance of Seven Veils" on her 1993 album Exile in Guyville, uses the word in the line "I only ask because I'm a real cunt in spring".Liz Phair (22 June 1993). Exile in Guyville (Double LP) (vinyl). Matador Records, OLE 051-1.

The word has been used by numerous non-mainstream bands, such as the Australian band TISM, who released an extended play in 1993 Australia the Lucky Cunt (a reference to Australia's label the "lucky country"). They also released a single in 1998 entitled "I Might Be a Cunt, but I'm Not a Fucking Cunt", which was banned. The American grindcore band Anal Cunt, on being signed to a bigger label, shortened their name to AxCx.

Computer and video games

The 2004 title The Getaway: Black Monday by SCEE used the word several times during the game.

In the 2008 title Grand Theft Auto IV (developed by Rockstar North and distributed by Take Two Interactive), the word, amongst many other expletives, was used by James Pegorino who, after finding out that his personal bodyguard had turned states, exclaimed "The world is a cunt!" while aiming a shotgun at the player.

Linguistic variants and derivatives

Various euphemisms, minced forms and in-jokes are used to imply the word without actually saying it, thereby escaping obvious censure and censorship.

Spoonerisms

See also: Spoonerism

Deriving from a dirty joke: "What's the difference between a circus and a strip club?"- "The circus has a bunch of cunning stunts...". The phrase cunning stunt has been used in popular music. Its first documented appearance was by the English band Caravan, who released the album Cunning Stunts in July 1975; the title was later used by Metallica for a CD/Video compilation, and in 1992 the Cows released an album with the same title. In his 1980s BBC television programme, Kenny Everett played a vapid starlet, Cupid Stunt.

Acronyms

There are numerous informal acronyms, including various apocryphal stories concerning academic establishments, such as the Cambridge University National Trust Society.

Puns

The name "Mike Hunt" is a frequent pun on my cunt; it has been used in a scene from the movie Porky's, and for a character in the BBC radio comedy Radio Active in the 1980s. "Has Anyone Seen Mike Hunt?" were the words written on a "pink neon sculpture" representing the letter C, in a 2004 exhibition of the alphabet at the British Library in collaboration with the International Society of Typographic Designers.

As well as obvious references, there are also allusions. On I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, Stephen Fry once defined countryside as the act of "murdering Piers Morgan".

Derived meanings

The word "cunt" forms part of some technical terms used in seafaring and other industries.

  • In nautical usage, a cunt splice is a type of rope splice used to join two lines in the rigging of ships. Its name has been bowdlerised since at least 1861, and in more recent times it is commonly referred to as a "cut splice".
  • The Dictionary of Sea Terms, found within Dana's 1841 maritime compendium The Seaman's Friend, defines the word cuntline as "the space between the bilges of two casks, stowed side by side. Where one cask is set upon the cuntline between two others, they are stowed bilge and cuntline." The "bilge" of a barrel or cask is the widest point, so when stored together the two casks would produce a curved V-shaped gap. The glossary of The Ashley Book of Knots by Clifford Ashley, first published in 1944, defines cuntlines as "the surface seams between the strands of a rope." Though referring to a different object from Dana's definition, it similarly describes the crease formed by two abutting cylinders.
  • In US military usage personnel refer privately to a common uniform item, a flat, soft cover (hat) with a fold along the top resembling an invagination, as a cunt cap. The proper name for the item is garrison cap or overseas cap, depending on the organisation in which it is worn.
  • Cunt hair (sometimes as red cunt hair) has been used since the late 1950s to signify a very small distance.
  • Cunt-eyed has been used to refer to a person with narrow, squinting eyes.

See also

References

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Further reading

  • "Lady Love Your Cunt", 1969 article by Germaine Greer (see References above)
  • "Vaginal Aesthetics", re-creating the representation, the richness and sweetness, of "vagina/cunt", an article by Joanna Frueh Source: Hypatia, Vol. 18, No. 4, Women, Art, and Aesthetics (Autumn–Winter 2003), pp. 137–158
  • Siebert, Eve (18 January 2011). "Chaucer's Cunt". Sceptical Humanities. Retrieved 28 February 2014.

External links

  • The dictionary definition of cunt at Wiktionary
Sexual slang
General
LGBTQ-specific
In pornography
In popular culture
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