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{{Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2022}} {{Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement {{Infobox settlement
| name = County Cork | name = County Cork
| native_name = {{lang|ga|Contae Chorcaí}} | native_name = {{lang|ga|Contae Chorcaí}}
| settlement_type = ] | settlement_type = ]
| native_name_lang = ga | native_name_lang = ga
| image_shield = Cork (Ireland) coat of arms.svg | image_shield = Cork (Ireland) coat of arms.svg
| image_flag = | image_flag =
| image_map = {{#property:p242}} | image_map = {{#property:p242}}
| nickname = The Rebel County | nickname = The Rebel County
| area_total_km2 = 7508 | area_total_km2 = 7508
| area_rank = ] | area_rank = ]
| area_footnotes = (incl. ]) <ref name="clgc2015s2p1">Local Government Arrangements in Cork – The Report of the Cork Local Government Committee (September 2015), section 2.1</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/3f109-report-of-the-expert-advisory-group-on-local-government-arrangements-in-cork/ |publisher= Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage |website= gov.ie |title= Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Local Government Arrangements in Cork |access-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url= |archive-date= |quote= Area (Cork County: 7,467.91 km2 / Cork City: 39.61 km2}}</ref> | area_footnotes = (incl. ]) <ref name="clgc2015s2p1">Local Government Arrangements in Cork – The Report of the Cork Local Government Committee (September 2015), section 2.1</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/3f109-report-of-the-expert-advisory-group-on-local-government-arrangements-in-cork/ |publisher=Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage |website=gov.ie |title=Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Local Government Arrangements in Cork |date=17 May 2017 |access-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028174847/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/3f109-report-of-the-expert-advisory-group-on-local-government-arrangements-in-cork/ |archive-date=28 October 2023 |quote=Area (Cork County: 7,467.91 km2 / Cork City: 39.61 km2 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| seat_type = ] | seat_type = ]
| seat = ] | seat = ]
| coordinates = {{Coord|52|0|N|8|45|W|region:IE-CO_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}
| blank_name_sec1 = ] | blank_name_sec1 = ]
| blank_info_sec1 = {{#property:p395}}
| population_total = 584,156 | blank_info_sec1 = {{#property:p395}}
| population_total = 584,156
| population_rank = ] | population_rank = ]
| population_demonym = Corkonian
| population_as_of = 2022 | population_demonym = Corkonian
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2022 - Summary Results - FY003A- Population|url=https://data.cso.ie/ |date=30 May 2023 |access-date= 3 June 2023}}</ref> | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2022 - Summary Results - FY003A- Population |url=https://data.cso.ie/ |date=30 May 2023 |access-date=3 June 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825074214/https://data.cso.ie/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_km2 = auto
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Ireland | subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = ] | subdivision_name = Ireland
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ] | subdivision_type2 = ]
| leader_title = ] | subdivision_name2 = ]
| leader_name = ] | leader_title = ]
| leader_title2 = ] | leader_name = ]
| leader_title2 = ]
| leader_name2 = {{ubl|]|]|]|]|]}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|]|]|]|]|]}}
| leader_title3 = ]
| leader_name3 = ] | leader_title3 = ]
| website = {{URL|www.corkcoco.ie}} | leader_name3 = ]
| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
| utc_offset = ±0 | utc_offset = ±0
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +1
| established_title = Established | established_title = Established
| established_date = 1606<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/travel/county-cork-87157142-237773971.html |title= What's your Irish County? County Cork |date= 14 October 2016 |website= IrishCentral.com |access-date= 21 June 2019 |archive-date= 14 August 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160814142123/http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/travel/county-cork-87157142-237773971.html |url-status= live }}</ref> | established_date = 1606<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/travel/county-cork-87157142-237773971.html |title=What's your Irish County? County Cork |date=14 October 2016 |website=IrishCentral.com |access-date=21 June 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814142123/http://www.irishcentral.com/culture/travel/county-cork-87157142-237773971.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_code_type = ] | area_code_type = ]
| area_code = 02''x'', 063 <small>(primarily)</small> | area_code = 02''x'', 063 <small>(primarily)</small>
| postal_code_type = ] routing keys | postal_code_type = ] routing keys
| postal_code = P12, P14, P17, P24, P25, P31, P32, P36, P43, P47, P51, P56, P61, P67, P72, P75, P81, P85, T12, T23, T34, T45, T56 <small>(primarily)</small> | postal_code = P12, P14, P17, P24, P25, P31, P32, P36, P43, P47, P51, P56, P61, P67, P72, P75, P81, P85, T12, T23, T34, T45, T56 <small>(primarily)</small>
| elevation_max_m = 706 | elevation_max_m = 706
| elevation_max_point = ] | elevation_max_point = ]
| module = {{infobox mapframe|zoom=7}} | module = {{infobox mapframe|zoom=7}}
| iso_code = IE-CO
| website = {{URL|www.corkcoco.ie}}
}} }}

]]] ]]]
'''County Cork''' ({{lang-ga|Contae Chorcaí}}) is the largest and the southernmost ] of ], named after the city of ], the state's second-largest city. It is in the ] of ] and the ]. Its largest market towns are ], ], ], and ]. {{As of | 2022}}, the county had a population of 584,156, making it the third-] county in Ireland. ] is the ] for the county, while ] governs the city of Cork and its environs. Notable Corkonians include ], ], ], ], ], and ].


Cork borders four other counties: ] to the west, ] to the north, ] to the north-east and ] to the east. The county contains a section of the ] pastureland that stretches from ] in the north to ] in the south. The south-west region, including ], is one of Ireland's main tourist destinations,<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thejournal.ie/tourism-ireland-4-3506617-Jul2017/ |newspaper= TheJournal.ie |title= Ireland's most popular tourist counties and attractions have been revealed |date= 23 July 2017 |access-date= 15 October 2017 |quote= "the southwest, comprising Cork and Kerry, has the second-largest spend by tourists " |archive-date= 15 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202253/http://www.thejournal.ie/tourism-ireland-4-3506617-Jul2017/ |url-status= live }}</ref> known for its rugged coast and ]s and as the starting point for the ]. The largest third-level institution is ], founded in 1845, and has a total student population of around 22,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ucc.ie/en/international/ |title=International Office |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813133025/https://www.ucc.ie/en/international/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Local industry and employers include technology company ], the European headquarters of ], and the farmer-owned dairy co-operative ]. '''County Cork''' ({{langx|ga|Contae Chorcaí}}) is the largest and the southernmost ] of ], named after the city of ], the state's second-largest city. It is in the ] of ] and the ]. Its largest market towns are ], ], ], and ]. {{As of | 2022}}, the county had a population of 584,156, making it the third-] county in Ireland. ] is the ] for the county, while ] governs the city of Cork and its environs. Notable Corkonians include ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].
Cork borders four other counties: ] to the west, ] to the north, ] to the north-east and ] to the east. The county contains a section of the ] pastureland that stretches from ] in the north to ] in the south. The south-west region, including ], is one of Ireland's main tourist destinations,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/tourism-ireland-4-3506617-Jul2017/ |newspaper=TheJournal.ie |title=Ireland's most popular tourist counties and attractions have been revealed |date=23 July 2017 |access-date=15 October 2017 |quote="the southwest, comprising Cork and Kerry, has the second-largest spend by tourists " |archive-date=15 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202253/http://www.thejournal.ie/tourism-ireland-4-3506617-Jul2017/ |url-status=live}}</ref> known for its rugged coast and ]s and as the starting point for the ]. The largest third-level institution is ], founded in 1845, and has a total student population of around 22,000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ucc.ie/en/international/ |title=International Office |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813133025/https://www.ucc.ie/en/international/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Local industry and employers include technology company ], the European headquarters of ], and the farmer-owned dairy co-operative ].


The county is known as the "rebel county", a name given to it by King ] for its support, in a futile attempt at a rebellion in 1491, of ], who claimed to be ]. The county is known as the "rebel county", a name given to it by King ] for its support, in a futile attempt at a rebellion in 1491, of ], who claimed to be ].


==Political and governance== ==Political and governance==
The local government areas of county Cork and the city of Cork are administered by the ] of ] and ] respectively. The boundary between these two areas was altered by the ]. It is part of the ] and has five representatives on the ].<ref name=si573>{{cite ISB|year=2014|type=si|number=573|name=Local Government Act 1991 (Regional Assemblies) (Establishment) Order 2014|date=16 December 2014|access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref> The local government areas of county Cork and the city of Cork are administered by the ] of ] and ] respectively. The boundary between these two areas was altered by the ]. It is part of the ] and has five representatives on the ].<ref name=si573>{{cite ISB |year=2014 |type=si |number=573 |name=Local Government Act 1991 (Regional Assemblies) (Establishment) Order 2014 |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=14 March 2022}}</ref>


For elections to ], the city and county are divided into five constituencies: ], ], ], ] and ]. Together they return 18 deputies (]) to the Dáil.<ref>{{cite ISB|year=2017|number=39|schedule=y|name=]|date=23 December 2017|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> It is part of the ] constituency for ].<ref>{{cite ISB|year=2019|number=7|section=7|stitle=Substitution of Third Schedule to Principal Act|name=European Parliament Elections (Amendment) Act 2019|date=12 March 2019|access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> For elections to ], the city and county are divided into five constituencies: ], ], ], ] and ]. Together they return 18 deputies (]) to the Dáil.<ref>{{cite ISB |year=2017 |number=39 |schedule=y |name=] |date=23 December 2017 |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref> It is part of the ] constituency for ].<ref>{{cite ISB |year=2019 |number=7 |section=7 |stitle=Substitution of Third Schedule to Principal Act |name=European Parliament Elections (Amendment) Act 2019 |date=12 March 2019 |access-date=10 January 2022}}</ref>


==Geography== ==Geography==
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County Cork is located in the ] of ], bordering ] to the west, ] to the north, ] to the north-east and ] to the east. The county shares separate mountainous borders with Tipperary and Kerry. The terrain on the Kerry border was formed between 360 and 374 million years ago, as part of the rising of the ] and ] mountains ranges. This occurred during the ] when Ireland was part of a larger continental landmass and located south of the ].{{sfn|Bourke|Hayden|Lynch|O'Sullivan|2011|p=3}}{{sfn|Site Management Plan}} The region's topography of peaks and valleys are characterised by steep ridges formed during the ] period of ] and ] some 300 million years ago.{{sfn|Bourke|Hayden|Lynch|O'Sullivan|2011|p=3}} County Cork is located in the ] of ], bordering ] to the west, ] to the north, ] to the north-east and ] to the east. The county shares separate mountainous borders with Tipperary and Kerry. The terrain on the Kerry border was formed between 360 and 374 million years ago, as part of the rising of the ] and ] mountains ranges. This occurred during the ] when Ireland was part of a larger continental landmass and located south of the ].{{sfn|Bourke|Hayden|Lynch|O'Sullivan|2011|p=3}}{{sfn|Site Management Plan}} The region's topography of peaks and valleys are characterised by steep ridges formed during the ] period of ] and ] some 300 million years ago.{{sfn|Bourke|Hayden|Lynch|O'Sullivan|2011|p=3}}


Twenty-four historic ] are in the county—the most of any county in ]. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} The county has 253 civil parishes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/Viewer.aspx?text=Cork&streets=no |title=Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved January 21, 2012 |publisher=Logainm.ie |date=13 December 2010 |access-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708105535/http://www.logainm.ie/Viewer.aspx?text=Cork&streets=no |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Townlands are the smallest officially defined geographical divisions in Ireland, with about 5447 townlands in the county.
=== Baronies ===
{{see also|List of baronies of Ireland}}
Twenty-four historic ] are in the county—the most of any county in ]. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed.

===Civil parishes and townlands===
{{main|List of civil parishes of County Cork|List of townlands of County Cork}}

The county has 253 civil parishes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.logainm.ie/Viewer.aspx?text=Cork&streets=no |title=Placenames Database of Ireland. Retrieved January 21, 2012 |publisher=Logainm.ie |date=13 December 2010 |access-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708105535/http://www.logainm.ie/Viewer.aspx?text=Cork&streets=no |archive-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Townlands are the smallest officially defined geographical divisions in Ireland, with about 5447 townlands in the county.


===Mountains and upland habitats=== ===Mountains and upland habitats===
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===Land and forestry=== ===Land and forestry===
Like many parts of Munster, Cork has fertile agricultural land and many bog and peatlands. Cork has around 74,000 hectares of peatlands, which amount to 9.8% of the county's total land area. Cork has the highest share of the national forest area, with around {{convert|90020|ha|acre|abbr=on}} of forest and woodland area, constituting 11.6% of the national total and approximately 12% of Cork's land area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/65294-irelands-national-forest-inventory/|title=National Forestry Inventory, Third Cycle 2017|work=DAFM|access-date=30 July 2021|archive-date=20 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620124029/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/65294-irelands-national-forest-inventory/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is home to one of the last remaining pieces of native woodland in Ireland and Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Baraniuk|first=Chris|title=What would a truly wild Ireland look like?|url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210211-rewilding-can-ireland-regrow-its-wilderness|access-date=2021-02-18|website=BBC|language=en|archive-date=17 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217105438/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210211-rewilding-can-ireland-regrow-its-wilderness|url-status=live}}</ref> Like many parts of Munster, Cork has fertile agricultural land and many bog and peatlands. Cork has around 74,000 hectares of peatlands, which amount to 9.8% of the county's total land area. Cork has the highest share of the national forest area, with around {{cvt|90020|ha|acre}} of forest and woodland area, constituting 11.6% of the national total and approximately 12% of Cork's land area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/65294-irelands-national-forest-inventory/ |title=National Forestry Inventory, Third Cycle 2017 |work=DAFM |date=17 November 2020 |access-date=30 July 2021 |archive-date=20 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620124029/https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/65294-irelands-national-forest-inventory/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It is home to one of the last remaining pieces of native woodland in Ireland and Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraniuk |first=Chris |title=What would a truly wild Ireland look like? |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210211-rewilding-can-ireland-regrow-its-wilderness |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=BBC |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210217105438/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210211-rewilding-can-ireland-regrow-its-wilderness |url-status=live}}</ref>
] is the most south-westerly point of both Cork and Ireland.]] ] is the most south-westerly point of both Cork and Ireland]]


===Wildlife=== ===Wildlife===
The ], ''Corvus cornix'' is a common bird, particularly in areas nearer the coast. Due to this bird's ability to (rarely) prey upon small lambs, the gun clubs of County Cork have killed many of these birds in modern times.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126090957/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=26307 |date=26 November 2010}}</ref> A collection of the marine ] was housed in the ] of the ] department of the University College Cork.<ref name="Cullinane 73">Cullinane, J.P., ''Phycology of the South Coast of Ireland''. University College Cork, 1973</ref> Parts of the South West coastline are hotspots for sightings of rare birds, with ] being a prime location for bird watching.<ref name="CapeClearBirdwatching">{{cite web |title=Cape Clear Island: a birdwatching bonanza |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ireland/cape-clear-island/travel-tips-and-articles/cape-clear-island-a-birdwatching-bonanza/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2775e07 |website=Lonely Planet |date=2019-09-20 |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040757/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ireland/cape-clear-island/travel-tips-and-articles/cape-clear-island-a-birdwatching-bonanza/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2775e07 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BirdWatchIrelandCapeClear">{{cite web |website=BirdWatch Ireland |title=Cape Clear Bird Observatory |url=https://www.birdwatchireland.ie/Birdwatching/CapeClearBirdObservatory/tabid/567/Default.aspx |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119073221/https://birdwatchireland.ie/Birdwatching/CapeClearBirdObservatory/tabid/567/Default.aspx |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The island is also home to one of only a few gannet colonies around Ireland and the UK. The coastline of Cork is sometimes associated with whale watching, with some sightings of fin whales, basking sharks, pilot whales, minke whales, and other species.<ref name="ITWildWaters">{{cite news |last1=Whooley |first1=Pádraig |title=Wild waters: the lesser-known life of whales and dolphins along the Irish coastline |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sponsored/sse-airtricity/wild-waters-the-lesser-known-life-of-whales-and-dolphins-along-the-irish-coastline-1.2981971 |access-date=18 November 2017 |newspaper=] |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117234838/https://www.irishtimes.com/sponsored/sse-airtricity/wild-waters-the-lesser-known-life-of-whales-and-dolphins-along-the-irish-coastline-1.2981971 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="WAWWhaleWatching">{{cite web |last1=Fáilte Ireland |title=Whale Watching & Dolphin Watching in Ireland |website=Wild Atlantic Way |url=https://www.wildatlanticway.com/stories/coastal-escape/whale-and-dolphin-watching-on-wild-atlantic-way |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016014805/https://www.wildatlanticway.com/stories/coastal-escape/whale-and-dolphin-watching-on-wild-atlantic-way |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="IrelandsWildlifeWhales">{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Calvin |title=How to watch whales and dolphins – whalewatching tips and advice |url=https://www.irelandswildlife.com/how-to-whale-watch/ |website=Ireland's Wildlife |access-date=18 November 2017 |date=23 August 2016 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070029/https://www.irelandswildlife.com/how-to-whale-watch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The ], ''Corvus cornix'' is a common bird, particularly in areas nearer the coast. Due to this bird's ability to (rarely) prey upon small lambs, the gun clubs of County Cork have killed many of these birds in modern times.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126090957/http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid=26307 |date=26 November 2010}}</ref> A collection of the marine ] was housed in the ] of the ] department of the University College Cork.<ref name="Cullinane 73">Cullinane, J.P., ''Phycology of the South Coast of Ireland''. University College Cork, 1973</ref> Parts of the South West coastline are hotspots for sightings of rare birds, with ] being a prime location for bird watching.<ref name="CapeClearBirdwatching">{{cite web |title=Cape Clear Island: a birdwatching bonanza |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ireland/cape-clear-island/travel-tips-and-articles/cape-clear-island-a-birdwatching-bonanza/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2775e07 |website=Lonely Planet |date=20 September 2019 |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040757/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ireland/cape-clear-island/travel-tips-and-articles/cape-clear-island-a-birdwatching-bonanza/40625c8c-8a11-5710-a052-1479d2775e07 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BirdWatchIrelandCapeClear">{{cite web |website=BirdWatch Ireland |title=Cape Clear Bird Observatory |url=https://www.birdwatchireland.ie/Birdwatching/CapeClearBirdObservatory/tabid/567/Default.aspx |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119073221/https://birdwatchireland.ie/Birdwatching/CapeClearBirdObservatory/tabid/567/Default.aspx |archive-date=19 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The island is also home to one of only a few gannet colonies around Ireland and the UK. The coastline of Cork is sometimes associated with whale watching, with some sightings of fin whales, basking sharks, pilot whales, minke whales, and other species.<ref name="ITWildWaters">{{cite news |last1=Whooley |first1=Pádraig |title=Wild waters: the lesser-known life of whales and dolphins along the Irish coastline |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sponsored/sse-airtricity/wild-waters-the-lesser-known-life-of-whales-and-dolphins-along-the-irish-coastline-1.2981971 |access-date=18 November 2017 |newspaper=] |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117234838/https://www.irishtimes.com/sponsored/sse-airtricity/wild-waters-the-lesser-known-life-of-whales-and-dolphins-along-the-irish-coastline-1.2981971 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="WAWWhaleWatching">{{cite web |last1=Fáilte Ireland |title=Whale Watching & Dolphin Watching in Ireland |website=Wild Atlantic Way |url=https://www.wildatlanticway.com/stories/coastal-escape/whale-and-dolphin-watching-on-wild-atlantic-way |access-date=18 November 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016014805/https://www.wildatlanticway.com/stories/coastal-escape/whale-and-dolphin-watching-on-wild-atlantic-way |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="IrelandsWildlifeWhales">{{cite web |last1=Jones |first1=Calvin |title=How to watch whales and dolphins – whalewatching tips and advice |url=https://www.irelandswildlife.com/how-to-whale-watch/ |website=Ireland's Wildlife |access-date=18 November 2017 |date=23 August 2016 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070029/https://www.irelandswildlife.com/how-to-whale-watch/ |url-status=live}}</ref>


===Coastline=== ===Coastline===
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Cork has a mountainous and flat landscape with many beaches and sea cliffs along its coast. The southwest of Ireland is known for its peninsulas and some in Cork include the ], ], ], and ]. Brow Head is the most southerly point of mainland ]. There are many islands off the coast of the county, in particular, off ]. ] are the islands around Long Island Bay and Roaringwater Bay. Cork has a mountainous and flat landscape with many beaches and sea cliffs along its coast. The southwest of Ireland is known for its peninsulas and some in Cork include the ], ], ], and ]. Brow Head is the most southerly point of mainland ]. There are many islands off the coast of the county, in particular, off ]. ] are the islands around Long Island Bay and Roaringwater Bay.


] lies in the ] 11.3&nbsp; km south of mainland Ireland, making it the most southerly point of ]. Many notable islands lie off Cork, including ], ], ], and ]. With an estimated {{convert|1199|km|0|abbr=on}} of coastline, Cork is one of three counties which claims to have the ], alongside ] and ].<ref name=i2>{{cite web |url= https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/irish_coastal_habitats_impacts_conservation_areas_1998_2mb.pdf |title= Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas |website= heritagecouncil.ie |publisher= Heritage Council |accessdate= 6 May 2020 |archive-date= 3 December 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201203160047/https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/irish_coastal_habitats_impacts_conservation_areas_1998_2mb.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref><ref name=i3>{{cite web |url= http://www.mayococo.ie/en/media/Media,32613,en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231511/http://www.mayococo.ie/en/media/Media,32613,en.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-28 |url-status=live |title= Mayo County Council Climate Adaptation Strategy |website= mayococo.ie |publisher= Mayo County Council |accessdate= 9 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://research.thea.ie/bitstream/handle/20.500.12065/1521/Collins%2C%20Anthony%201996.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y |title= Managing the Donegal Coast in the Twenty-first Century |website= research.thea.ie |publisher= ] |accessdate= 13 July 2021 |archive-date= 13 July 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210713101438/https://research.thea.ie/bitstream/handle/20.500.12065/1521/Collins,%20Anthony%201996.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y |url-status= live }}</ref> Cork is also one of just three counties to border two bodies of water – the ] to the south and the ] to the west. ] lies in the ] 11.3&nbsp; km south of mainland Ireland, making it the most southerly point of ]. Many notable islands lie off Cork, including ], ], ], and ]. With an estimated {{cvt|1199|km|0}} of coastline, Cork is one of three counties which claims to have the ], alongside ] and ].<ref name=i2>{{cite web |url=https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/irish_coastal_habitats_impacts_conservation_areas_1998_2mb.pdf |title=Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas |website=heritagecouncil.ie |publisher=Heritage Council |access-date=6 May 2020 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203160047/https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/irish_coastal_habitats_impacts_conservation_areas_1998_2mb.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=i3>{{cite web |url=http://www.mayococo.ie/en/media/Media,32613,en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728231511/http://www.mayococo.ie/en/media/Media,32613,en.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2020 |url-status=live |title=Mayo County Council Climate Adaptation Strategy |website=mayococo.ie |publisher=Mayo County Council |access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://research.thea.ie/bitstream/handle/20.500.12065/1521/Collins%2C%20Anthony%201996.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y |title=Managing the Donegal Coast in the Twenty-first Century |website=research.thea.ie |publisher=] |access-date=13 July 2021 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713101438/https://research.thea.ie/bitstream/handle/20.500.12065/1521/Collins,%20Anthony%201996.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y |url-status=live}}</ref> Cork is also one of just three counties to border two bodies of water – the ] to the south and the ] to the west. Cork marks the end of the ], the tourism trail from ]'s ] to ]


{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" {| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+'''Average high sea temperature in County Cork'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/bantry.htm|title=Bantry Average Sea Temperature|website=seatemperature.org|access-date=12 August 2021|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812125311/https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/bantry.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/cork-may.htm|title=Cork Average Sea Temperature|website=seatemperature.org|access-date=12 August 2021|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812125312/https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/cork-may.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |+'''Average high sea temperature in County Cork'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/bantry.htm |title=Bantry Average Sea Temperature |website=seatemperature.org |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812125311/https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/bantry.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/cork-may.htm |title=Cork Average Sea Temperature |website=seatemperature.org |access-date=12 August 2021 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812125312/https://www.seatemperature.org/europe/ireland/cork-may.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>
|- |-
|'''] (Celtic Sea)''' |'''] (Celtic Sea)'''
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|- |-
|Sea Temperature |Sea Temperature
| style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|11.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|11.4|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|10.7|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|10.7|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|10.5|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#9ff; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|10.5|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.2|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|12.2|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.9|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|12.9|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff7; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|15.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff7; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|15.8|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff1; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|18.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff1; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|18.1|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff1; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|17.9|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff1; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|17.9|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|17.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|17.4|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff7; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|16.0|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff7; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|16.0|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|13.7|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|13.7|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|12.3|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|14.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|14.1|°C|°F}}</small>
|- |-
|'''] (Atlantic Ocean)''' |'''] (Atlantic Ocean)'''
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|- |-
|Sea Temperature |Sea Temperature
| style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|11.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|11.6|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|11.2|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|11.2|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|11.0|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#4fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|11.0|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.1|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|12.1|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#9fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|12.8|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|15.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|15.6|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|17.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|17.6|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|17.5|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|17.5|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|17.3|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff5; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|17.3|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|15.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#ff9; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|15.8|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|13.8|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|13.8|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|12.2|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#6fc; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|12.2|°C|°F}}</small>
| style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{convert|14.0|°C|°F|abbr=on}}</small> | style="background:#cf9; color:black;"|<small>{{cvt|14.0|°C|°F}}</small>
|} |}


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|2016|542868 |2016|542868
|2022|584156 |2022|584156
||footnote=<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920090814/http://cso.ie/census |date=20 September 2010 }} For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see ] "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses" in Irish Population Economy and Society edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54 in and also New Developments in Irish Population History 1700–1850 by Joel Mokyr and ] in The Economic History Review New Series Vol. 37 No. 4 (November 1984) pp. 473–488.</ref> ||footnote=<ref> {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920090814/http://cso.ie/census |date=20 September 2010 }} For a discussion on the accuracy of pre-famine census returns see ] "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses" in Irish Population Economy and Society edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54 in and also New Developments in Irish Population History 1700–1850 by Joel Mokyr and ] in The Economic History Review New Series Vol. 37 No. 4 (November 1984) pp. 473–488.</ref>
}} }}


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] ]
In ] Cork played a part in the English ] when ], a pretender to the English throne spread the story that he was really ] (one of the ]), landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow King ]. The Cork people supported Warbeck because he was Flemish and not English; Cork was the only county in Ireland to join the fight. The mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England, but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. Cork's nickname of the 'rebel county' (and Cork city's of the 'rebel city') originates in these events.<ref>{{cite web |title=If not for collins, why is it called the rebel county? |url=https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/if-not-for-collins-why-is-it-called-the-rebel-county-29469436.html |access-date=2020-06-28 |work=] |archive-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003707/https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/if-not-for-collins-why-is-it-called-the-rebel-county-29469436.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=O'Shea |first=Joe |date=2019-05-21 |title=Why is Cork called the Rebel County? |url=https://www.corkbeo.ie/news/history/real-reason-cork-called-rebel-16323863 |access-date=2020-06-28 |website=Cork Beo |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628112045/https://www.corkbeo.ie/news/history/real-reason-cork-called-rebel-16323863 |url-status=live }}</ref> In ] Cork played a part in the English ] when ], a pretender to the English throne spread the story that he was really ] (one of the ]), landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow King ]. The Cork people supported Warbeck because he was Flemish and not English; Cork was the only county in Ireland to join the fight. The mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England, but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. Cork's nickname of the 'rebel county' (and Cork city's of the 'rebel city') originates in these events.<ref>{{cite web |title=If not for collins, why is it called the rebel county? |url=https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/if-not-for-collins-why-is-it-called-the-rebel-county-29469436.html |access-date=28 June 2020 |work=] |date=4 August 2013 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003707/https://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/if-not-for-collins-why-is-it-called-the-rebel-county-29469436.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=O'Shea |first=Joe |date=21 May 2019 |title=Why is Cork called the Rebel County? |url=https://www.corkbeo.ie/news/history/real-reason-cork-called-rebel-16323863 |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=Cork Beo |archive-date=28 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628112045/https://www.corkbeo.ie/news/history/real-reason-cork-called-rebel-16323863 |url-status=live}}</ref>


In 1601 the decisive ] took place in County Cork, which was to lead to English domination of Ireland for centuries. ] had been the scene of a landing of Spanish troops to help Irish rebels in the ] (1594–1603). When this force was defeated, the rebel hopes for victory in the war were all but ended. County Cork was officially created by a division of the older ] in 1606. In 1601 the decisive ] took place in County Cork, which was to lead to English domination of Ireland for centuries. ] had been the scene of a landing of Spanish troops to help Irish rebels in the ] (1594–1603). When this force was defeated, the rebel hopes for victory in the war were all but ended. County Cork was officially created by a division of the older ] in 1606.


In the early 17th century, the ] of Leamcon (near ]<ref name=Senior>{{cite book |last=Senior |first=Clive M. |date=1976 |title=A Nation of Pirates |url=https://archive.org/details/a-nation-of-pirates-clive-senior |location=] |publisher=] |isbn=0-7153-7264-5}}</ref>{{rp|41, 68}}) was a ], and ] traded easily in ] and ].<ref name=Senior/>{{rp|54–57}} In the early 17th century, the ] of Leamcon (near ]<ref name=Senior>{{cite book |last=Senior |first=Clive M. |date=1976 |title=A Nation of Pirates |url=https://archive.org/details/a-nation-of-pirates-clive-senior |location=] |publisher=] |isbn=0-7153-7264-5}}</ref>{{rp|41, 68}}) was a ], and ]s traded easily in ] and ].<ref name=Senior/>{{rp|54–57}}


], photographed in 1919]] ], photographed in 1919]]
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==Irish language== ==Irish language==
County Cork has two ] areas where the ] is the primary medium of everyday speech. These are {{lang|ga|Múscraí}} (]) in the north of the county, especially the villages of {{lang|ga|Cill Na Martra}} (]), {{lang|ga|Baile Bhúirne}} (]), {{lang|ga|Cúil Aodha}} (]), {{lang|ga|Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh}} (]), and {{lang|ga|Oileán Chléire}} (]). County Cork has two ] areas in which the ] is the primary medium of everyday speech. These are {{lang|ga|Múscraí}} (]) in the north of the county, especially the villages of {{lang|ga|Cill Na Martra}} (]), {{lang|ga|Baile Bhúirne}} (]), {{lang|ga|Cúil Aodha}} (]), {{lang|ga|Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh}} (]), and {{lang|ga|Oileán Chléire}} (]).


There are 14,829 Irish language speakers in County Cork, with 3,660 native speakers in the Cork Gaeltacht. In addition, in 2011 there were 6,273 pupils attending the 21 ]eanna and six ] all across the county.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |title=Oideachas Trí Mheán na Gaeilge in Éirinn sa Ghalltacht 2010–2011 |year=2011 |publisher=gaelscoileanna.ie |language=Irish |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-date=19 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419091247/http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the Irish Census 2006, there are 4,896 people in the county who identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside of the education system. Ballingeary is a centre for Irish language tuition, with a summer school, Coláiste na Mumhan, or the College of Munster.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} There are 14,829 Irish language speakers in County Cork, with 3,660 native speakers in the Cork Gaeltacht. In addition, in 2011 there were 6,273 pupils attending the 21 ]eanna and six ] all across the county.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |title=Oideachas Trí Mheán na Gaeilge in Éirinn sa Ghalltacht 2010–2011 |year=2011 |publisher=gaelscoileanna.ie |language=Irish |access-date=9 January 2012 |archive-date=19 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419091247/http://www.gaelscoileanna.ie/assets/Staitistic%C3%AD-2010-2011_Gaeilge.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> According to the Irish Census 2006, there are 4,896 people in the county who identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside of the education system. The village of ] is a centre for Irish language tuition, with a summer school, Coláiste na Mumhan, or the College of Munster.<ref>English, Eoin. "". Irish Examiner, 25 Jan 2024. Retrieved 26 October 2024</ref>


==Anthem== ==Anthem==
The song "]" is traditionally associated with the county. It is sometimes heard at ] and other sports fixtures involving the county.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corkindependent.com/local-news/local-news/lord-mayor-to-promote-cork-songs-at-schools/ |website=Cork Independent |title=Lord Mayor to promote Cork songs at schools |date=27 August 2009 |access-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821014713/http://www.corkindependent.com/local-news/local-news/lord-mayor-to-promote-cork-songs-at-schools/ |archive-date=21 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The song "The Banks of My Own Lovely Lee" is traditionally associated with the county. It is sometimes heard at ] and other sports fixtures involving the county.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.corkindependent.com/local-news/local-news/lord-mayor-to-promote-cork-songs-at-schools/ |website=Cork Independent |title=Lord Mayor to promote Cork songs at schools |date=27 August 2009 |access-date=23 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821014713/http://www.corkindependent.com/local-news/local-news/lord-mayor-to-promote-cork-songs-at-schools/ |archive-date=21 August 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Media== ==Media==
Several media publications are printed and distributed in County Cork. These include the '']'' (formerly the ''Cork Examiner'') and its sister publication '']'' (formerly the ''Evening Echo''). Local and regional newspapers include the '']'', the '']'', '']'', the ''Mallow Star'', the ''Douglas Post'', the ''East Cork Journal'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ilevel.ie/print/regional-newspaper-circualtion/ | publisher = | website = ilevel.ie | title = Regional Newspaper Circulation | date = 17 July 2012 | accessdate = 8 August 2021 | archive-date = 8 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201149/https://ilevel.ie/print/regional-newspaper-circualtion/ | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://docplayer.net/15487688-Media-monitoring-analysis-and-evaluation-brochure.html | publisher = Nimms Ltd | title = Media Monitoring Analysis and Evaluation Brochure | date = April 2011 | accessdate = 8 August 2021 | archive-date = 8 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201149/https://docplayer.net/15487688-Media-monitoring-analysis-and-evaluation-brochure.html | url-status = live }}</ref> Local radio stations include ] and dual-franchise ], ], and a number of community radio stations, such as ].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bai.ie/en/broadcasters/ | publisher = Broadcasting Authority of Ireland | website = bai.ie | title = List of TV and Radio Stations | accessdate = 8 August 2021 | archive-date = 8 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201149/https://www.bai.ie/en/broadcasters/ | url-status = live }}</ref> Several media publications are printed and distributed in County Cork. These include the '']'' (formerly the ''Cork Examiner'') and its sister publication '']'' (formerly the ''Evening Echo''). Local and regional newspapers include the '']'', the '']'', '']'', the ''Mallow Star'', the ''Douglas Post'', the ''East Cork Journal'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ilevel.ie/print/regional-newspaper-circualtion/ |publisher= |website=ilevel.ie |title=Regional Newspaper Circulation |date=17 July 2012 |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201149/https://ilevel.ie/print/regional-newspaper-circualtion/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://docplayer.net/15487688-Media-monitoring-analysis-and-evaluation-brochure.html |publisher=Nimms Ltd |title=Media Monitoring Analysis and Evaluation Brochure |date=April 2011 |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201149/https://docplayer.net/15487688-Media-monitoring-analysis-and-evaluation-brochure.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Local radio stations include ] and dual-franchise ], ], and a number of community radio stations, such as ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bai.ie/en/broadcasters/ |publisher=Broadcasting Authority of Ireland |website=bai.ie |title=List of TV and Radio Stations |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201149/https://www.bai.ie/en/broadcasters/ |url-status=live}}</ref>


==Places of interest== ==Places of interest==
Tourist sites include the ] at ], ].<ref name="corkman2013">{{cite web | url = https://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/news/fota-and-blarney-are-corks-top-attractions-29464393.html | publisher = Independent News & Media | work = The Corkman | title = Fota and Blarney are Cork's top attractions | date = 8 August 2013 | accessdate = 8 August 2021 | archive-date = 8 August 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201820/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/news/fota-and-blarney-are-corks-top-attractions-29464393.html | url-status = live }}</ref> The port of ] in County Cork was the point of embarkation for many Irish ] travelling to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa or the United States. Cobh (at the time named 'Queenstown') was the last stop of the ] before it departed on its fated journey. Tourist sites include the ] at ], ].<ref name="corkman2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/news/fota-and-blarney-are-corks-top-attractions-29464393.html |publisher=Independent News & Media |work=The Corkman |title=Fota and Blarney are Cork's top attractions |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=8 August 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808201820/https://www.independent.ie/regionals/corkman/news/fota-and-blarney-are-corks-top-attractions-29464393.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The port of ] in County Cork was the point of embarkation for many Irish ] travelling to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa or the United States. Cobh (at the time named 'Queenstown') was the last stop of the ] before it departed on its fated journey.


], on ], is also a tourist attraction.<ref name="corkman2013"/> Nearby is ] and the ]; a ] standard golf course which hosted the ] in 2001, 2002 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.europeantour.com/dpworld-tour/dubai-duty-free-irish-open-2020/history |website=European Tour |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> ], on ], is also a tourist attraction.<ref name="corkman2013"/> Nearby is ] and the ]; a ] standard golf course which hosted the ] in 2001, 2002 and 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.europeantour.com/dpworld-tour/dubai-duty-free-irish-open-2020/history |website=European Tour |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025211929/https://www.europeantour.com/dpworld-tour/dubai-duty-free-irish-open-2020/history |url-status=live }}</ref>


] is known for its rugged natural environment, beaches and social atmosphere, and is a common destination for British, German, French and Dutch tourists. {{citation needed|date=August 2021}} ] is known for its rugged natural environment, beaches and social atmosphere, and is a common destination for British, German, French and Dutch tourists. {{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
Line 246: Line 241:
==Economy== ==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Cork}} {{main|Economy of Cork}}
The ], comprising counties Cork and Kerry, contributed ]103.2 billion (approximately US$111.6 billion) towards the Irish ] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cirgdp/countyincomesandregionalgdp2020/ | title = County Incomes and Regional GDP 2020 | date = 2020 | accessdate = 5 December 2023 | publisher = Central Statistics Office }}</ref> The ], comprising counties Cork and Kerry, contributed ]103.2 billion (approximately US$111.6 billion) towards the Irish ] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cirgdp/countyincomesandregionalgdp2020/ |title=County Incomes and Regional GDP 2020 |date=2020 |access-date=5 December 2023 |publisher=Central Statistics Office |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702095939/https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cirgdp/countyincomesandregionalgdp2020/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


The ] area to the immediate east of Cork city is home to many pharmaceutical and medical companies. Mahon Point Shopping Centre is Cork's largest, and ]'s second-largest, shopping centre; it contains over 75 stores including a retail park. The ] area east of Cork city is home to many pharmaceutical and medical companies. Mahon Point Shopping Centre is Cork's largest, and ]'s second-largest, shopping centre; it contains over 75 stores including a retail park.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}} The ] is among the most productive farmland for dairy in Ireland. The chief milk processor is ], a farmer-owned co-operative based in ], which processes 1.4&nbsp;billion litres a year, converting the milk into cheeses and powder dairy nutrition for ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2017/0922/906736-dairygold/ |title=Dairygold opens €85m facility at Mallow headquarters |publisher=] |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117064914/https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2017/0922/906736-dairygold/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The ] is among the most productive farmland for dairy in Ireland. The chief milk processor is ], a farmer-owned co-operative based in ], which processes 1.4&nbsp; billion litres a year, converting the milk into cheeses and powder dairy nutrition for ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2017/0922/906736-dairygold/ |title=Dairygold opens €85m facility at Mallow headquarters |publisher=] |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=16 November 2017 |archive-date=17 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117064914/https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2017/0922/906736-dairygold/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Demographics== ==Demographics==
{| class="infobox" style="text-align:left; width:30em; margin-left:10px; font-size:88%; line-height:1.5em;" {| class="wikitable floatright plainrowheaders" style="max-width:20%;"
! colspan="7" style="padding:0.3em 0; line-height:1.2em; background:#f5f5f5;" | Leading population centres |+Leading population centres
|- style="background:#f5f5f5;"
! Rank
! City/Town
! Population (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.cso.ie/ |title=Census 2022 Profile 1 - Population Distribution and Movement F1015 - Population |publisher=Central Statistics Office |access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref>
! rowspan="9" | <br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />]
|- |-
! scope="col" | Rank
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 1 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 222,256
! scope="col" | City or town
! scope="col" | Population (2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.cso.ie/ |title=Census 2022 Profile 1 - Population Distribution and Movement F1015 - Population |publisher=Central Statistics Office |access-date=28 October 2023 |archive-date=25 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825074214/https://data.cso.ie/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- |-
| 1
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 2 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 18,239
! scope="row" | ]
| 224,004
|- |-
| 2
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 3 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 14,148
! scope="row" | ]
| 18,239
|- |-
| 3
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 4 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 13,906
! scope="row" | ]
| 14,148
|- |-
| 4
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 5 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 13,456
! scope="row" | ]
| 13,906
|- |-
| 5
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 6 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 8,564
! scope="row" | ]
| 13,456
|- |-
| 6
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 7 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 8,196
! scope="row" | ]
| 8,564
|- |-
| 7
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 8 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 6,720
! scope="row" | ]
| 8,196
|- |-
| 8
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 9 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']-]''' || 6,051
! scope="row" | ]
| 6,720
|- |-
| 9
| style="background:#f0f0f0; text-align: center;" | 10 || style="text-align: left; padding-left: 10px;" | ''']''' || 5,991
! scope="row" | ]-]
| 6,051
|-
| 10
! scope="row" | ]
| 5,991
|} |}
{{Main|List of towns and villages in County Cork}} {{Main|List of towns and villages in County Cork}}
The city of ] and its suburbs form the largest urban area in the county, with a total population of 222,256 as of 2022. Cork is the ] in the Republic of Ireland, and the third-most populous city on the island of ]. According to 2022 census statistics, the county has 13 towns with a population of over 4,000. The county has a population density of {{Convert|77.8|PD/km2}}. A large percentage of the population lives in urban areas. The city of ] forms the largest urban area in the county, with a total population of 224,004 as of 2022. Cork is the ] in the Republic of Ireland, and the third-most populous city on the island of ]. According to 2022 census statistics, the county has 13 towns with a population of over 4,000. The county has a population density of {{convert|77.8|PD/km2}}. A large percentage of the population lives in urban areas.


In the 1841 census, before the outbreak of the Great Famine, County Cork had a recorded population of 854,118.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Brutality of Cork's Famine years: 'I saw hovels crowded with the sick and the dying in every doorway' |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20470367.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=Irish Examiner |language=en}}</ref> By the ], Cork city and county had a combined population of 584,156 people.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.echolive.ie/corknews/arid-40902230.html | title = Census 2022: Cork population increases by 7.1% | website = echolive.ie | date = 23 June 2022 | accessdate = 12 September 2022 }}</ref> In the 1841 census, before the outbreak of the ], County Cork had a recorded population of 854,118.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2018 |title=Brutality of Cork's Famine years: 'I saw hovels crowded with the sick and the dying in every doorway' |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20470367.html |access-date=12 September 2022 |website=Irish Examiner |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912151506/https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20470367.html |url-status=live }}</ref> By the ], Cork city and county had a combined population of 584,156 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.echolive.ie/corknews/arid-40902230.html |title=Census 2022: Cork population increases by 7.1% |website=echolive.ie |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=12 September 2022 |archive-date=12 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912153225/https://www.echolive.ie/corknews/arid-40902230.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


As of the 2022 census, ethnically the population included 78.5% White Irish people, 9.9% other White background, 1.4% Asian and 1.1% Black. In 2022, the largest religious denominations in Cork were: Catholicism (71%), Church of Ireland (2.3%), Orthodox (1.2%), and Islam (1.2%). Those stating that they had no religion accounted for 15.7% of the population in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/pressreleases/2023pressreleases/pressstatementcensus2022resultsprofile5-diversitymigrationethnicityirishtravellersreligioncork/ |title=Profile 5 Diversity, Migration, Ethnicity, Irish Travellers & Religion Cork |publisher=Central Statistics Office |work=Census 2022 |access-date=28 October 2023 |archive-date= |archive-url= }}</ref> As of the 2022 census, ethnically the population included 78.5% White Irish people, 9.9% other White background, 1.4% Asian and 1.1% Black. In 2022, the largest religious denominations in Cork were: Catholicism (71%), Church of Ireland (2.3%), Orthodox (1.2%), and Islam (1.2%). Those stating that they had no religion accounted for 15.7% of the population in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/pressreleases/2023pressreleases/pressstatementcensus2022resultsprofile5-diversitymigrationethnicityirishtravellersreligioncork/ |title=Profile 5 Diversity, Migration, Ethnicity, Irish Travellers & Religion Cork |publisher=Central Statistics Office |work=Census 2022 |date=26 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |archive-date=28 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028174904/https://www.cso.ie/en/csolatestnews/pressreleases/2023pressreleases/pressstatementcensus2022resultsprofile5-diversitymigrationethnicityirishtravellersreligioncork/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Transport== ==Transport==
Cork's main transport is serviced from: Cork's main transport is serviced from:
*'''Air:''' ] * '''Air:''' ]
*'''Rail:''' ]'s ], ] and ] rail services * '''Rail:''' ]'s ], ] and ] rail services
*'''Sea:''' ] at ] * '''Sea:''' ] at ]


==People== ==People==
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{{See also|Category:People from County Cork}} {{See also|Category:People from County Cork}}


Common surnames in the county include Barry, Buckley, Callaghan, Connell, Connor, Crowley, Lynch, McCarthy, Murphy, O'Leary, O'Sullivan, Sheehan, Walsh, and Fitzgerald (the latter with a ] derivation).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rootsireland.ie/cork-genealogy/cork-surnames/ |website=Roots Ireland |title=Popular Cork surnames and families |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135415/http://www.rootsireland.ie/cork-genealogy/cork-surnames/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="surnames">{{cite web |url=https://www.johngrenham.com/browse/retrieve_text.php?text_contentid=55#Cork |title=CORK |work=John Grenham |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111759/https://www.johngrenham.com/browse/retrieve_text.php?text_contentid=55#Cork |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishgenealogy.com/county/cork.htm |title=Cork |work=irishgenealogy.com |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606045410/http://www.irishgenealogy.com/county/cork.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Common surnames in the county include Barry, Buckley, Callaghan, Connell, Connor, Crowley, Lynch, McCarthy, Murphy, O'Leary, O'Sullivan, Sheehan, Walsh, and Fitzgerald (the latter with a ] derivation).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rootsireland.ie/cork-genealogy/cork-surnames/ |website=Roots Ireland |title=Popular Cork surnames and families |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135415/http://www.rootsireland.ie/cork-genealogy/cork-surnames/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="surnames">{{cite web |url=https://www.johngrenham.com/browse/retrieve_text.php?text_contentid=55#Cork |title=CORK |work=John Grenham |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111759/https://www.johngrenham.com/browse/retrieve_text.php?text_contentid=55#Cork |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishgenealogy.com/county/cork.htm |title=Cork |work=irishgenealogy.com |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606045410/http://www.irishgenealogy.com/county/cork.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
*]


==References== ==References==
Line 304: Line 319:


==Sources== ==Sources==
* {{cite book |last1=Bourke |first1=Edward |last2= Hayden |first2=Alan |last3=Lynch |first3=Ann |last4=O'Sullivan |first4=Michael |date=2011 |title=Skellig Michael, Co. Kerry: The Monastery and South Peak: Archaeological Stratigraphic Report: Excavations 1986–2010 |oclc=795846647 |location=Dublin |publisher=]}} * {{cite book |last1=Bourke |first1=Edward |last2=Hayden |first2=Alan |last3=Lynch |first3=Ann |last4=O'Sullivan |first4=Michael |date=2011 |title=Skellig Michael, Co. Kerry: The Monastery and South Peak: Archaeological Stratigraphic Report: Excavations 1986–2010 |oclc=795846647 |location=Dublin |publisher=]}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bracken|first1=Damian|last2=Riain-Raedel|first2=Dagmar Ó|title=Ireland and Europe in the Twelfth Century: Reform and Renewal|year=2006|location=Dublin|publisher=Four Courts Press| isbn = 978-1-85182-848-7}} * {{cite book |last1=Bracken |first1=Damian |last2=Riain-Raedel |first2=Dagmar Ó |title=Ireland and Europe in the Twelfth Century: Reform and Renewal |year=2006 |location=Dublin |publisher=Four Courts Press |isbn=978-1-85182-848-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Keohane |first=Frank |title=Cork: City and County |series=Buildings of Ireland |publisher=] |location=New Haven, CT / London |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-300-22487-0}} * {{cite book |last=Keohane |first=Frank |title=Cork: City and County |series=Buildings of Ireland |publisher=] |location=New Haven, CT / London |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-300-22487-0}}
* {{cite web|title=Skellig Michael World Heritage Site Management Plan : 2008–2018| publisher=Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government |year=2008 |oclc= 916003677 | url=https://www.chg.gov.ie/app/uploads/2015/10/skellig-michael-world-heritage-site.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830001200/http://www.chg.gov.ie/app/uploads/2015/10/skellig-michael-world-heritage-site.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-30 |url-status=live |ref=CITEREFSite Management Plan}} * {{cite web |title=Skellig Michael World Heritage Site Management Plan : 2008–2018 |publisher=Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government |year=2008 |oclc=916003677 |url=https://www.chg.gov.ie/app/uploads/2015/10/skellig-michael-world-heritage-site.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830001200/http://www.chg.gov.ie/app/uploads/2015/10/skellig-michael-world-heritage-site.pdf |archive-date=30 August 2017 |url-status=live |ref=CITEREFSite Management Plan}}


==External links== ==External links==
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|West = ] ] |West = ] ]
|Centre = County Cork |Centre = County Cork
|East = ] |East = ]
|Southwest = ] |Southwest = Atlantic Ocean
|South = ] |South = ]
|Southeast = |Southeast =
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{{Counties of Ireland}} {{Counties of Ireland}}
{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}
{{Coord|51|58|N|8|35|W|region:IE_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=title}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 08:05, 15 December 2024

County in Ireland "Cork County" redirects here. For the former parliamentary constituencies, see County Cork (Parliament of Ireland constituency) and County Cork (UK Parliament constituency).

County in Munster, Ireland
County Cork Contae Chorcaí
County
Coat of arms of County CorkCoat of arms
Nickname: The Rebel County
Location of County Cork
Coordinates: 52°0′N 8°45′W / 52.000°N 8.750°W / 52.000; -8.750
CountryIreland
ProvinceMunster
RegionSouthern
Established1606
County townCork
Government
 • Local authorityCork County Council
 • Dáil constituencies
 • EP constituencySouth
Area
 • Total7,508 km (2,899 sq mi)
 • Rank1st
Highest elevation706 m (2,316 ft)
Population
 • Total584,156
 • Rank3rd
 • Density78/km (200/sq mi)
DemonymCorkonian
Time zoneUTC±0 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (IST)
Eircode routing keysP12, P14, P17, P24, P25, P31, P32, P36, P43, P47, P51, P56, P61, P67, P72, P75, P81, P85, T12, T23, T34, T45, T56 (primarily)
Telephone area codes02x, 063 (primarily)
ISO 3166 codeIE-CO
Vehicle index
mark code
C
Websitewww.corkcoco.ie
Pulleen Strand, on the Beara peninsula

County Cork (Irish: Contae Chorcaí) is the largest and the southernmost county of Ireland, named after the city of Cork, the state's second-largest city. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region. Its largest market towns are Mallow, Macroom, Midleton, and Skibbereen. As of 2022, the county had a population of 584,156, making it the third-most populous county in Ireland. Cork County Council is the local authority for the county, while Cork City Council governs the city of Cork and its environs. Notable Corkonians include Michael Collins, Jack Lynch, Mother Jones, Roy Keane, Sonia O'Sullivan, Cillian Murphy and Graham Norton.

Cork borders four other counties: Kerry to the west, Limerick to the north, Tipperary to the north-east and Waterford to the east. The county contains a section of the Golden Vale pastureland that stretches from Kanturk in the north to Allihies in the south. The south-west region, including West Cork, is one of Ireland's main tourist destinations, known for its rugged coast and megalithic monuments and as the starting point for the Wild Atlantic Way. The largest third-level institution is University College Cork, founded in 1845, and has a total student population of around 22,000. Local industry and employers include technology company Dell EMC, the European headquarters of Apple, and the farmer-owned dairy co-operative Dairygold.

The county is known as the "rebel county", a name given to it by King Henry VII of England for its support, in a futile attempt at a rebellion in 1491, of Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York.

Political and governance

The local government areas of county Cork and the city of Cork are administered by the local authorities of Cork County Council and Cork City Council respectively. The boundary between these two areas was altered by the 2019 Cork boundary change. It is part of the Southern Region and has five representatives on the Southern Regional Assembly.

For elections to Dáil Éireann, the city and county are divided into five constituencies: Cork East, Cork North-Central, Cork North-West, Cork South-Central and Cork South-West. Together they return 18 deputies (TDs) to the Dáil. It is part of the South constituency for European elections.

Geography

Wedge tomb, Glantane East

Cork is the largest county in Ireland by land area, and the largest of Munster's six counties by population and area. At the latest census in 2022, the population of the entire county stood at 584,156. Cork is the second-most populous county in the State, and the third-most populous county on the island of Ireland.

County Cork is located in the province of Munster, bordering Kerry to the west, Limerick to the north, Tipperary to the north-east and Waterford to the east. The county shares separate mountainous borders with Tipperary and Kerry. The terrain on the Kerry border was formed between 360 and 374 million years ago, as part of the rising of the MacGillycuddy's Reeks and Caha Mountains mountains ranges. This occurred during the Devonian period when Ireland was part of a larger continental landmass and located south of the equator. The region's topography of peaks and valleys are characterised by steep ridges formed during the Hercynian period of folding and mountain formation some 300 million years ago.

Twenty-four historic baronies are in the county—the most of any county in Ireland. While baronies continue to be officially defined units, they are no longer used for many administrative purposes. Their official status is illustrated by Placenames Orders made since 2003, where official Irish names of baronies are listed. The county has 253 civil parishes. Townlands are the smallest officially defined geographical divisions in Ireland, with about 5447 townlands in the county.

Mountains and upland habitats

The Beara pass, through the Slieve Miskish mountains

The county's mountains rose during a period mountain formation some 374 to 360 million years ago and include the Slieve Miskish and Caha Mountains on the Beara Peninsula, the Ballyhoura Mountains on the border with Limerick and the Shehy Mountains which contain Knockboy (706 m), the highest point in Cork. The Shehy Mountains are on the border with Kerry and may be accessed from the area known as Priests Leap, near the village of Coomhola. The upland areas of the Ballyhoura, Boggeragh, Derrynasaggart, and Mullaghareirk Mountain ranges add to the range of habitats found in the county. Important habitats in the uplands include blanket bog, heath, glacial lakes, and upland grasslands. Cork has the 13th-highest county peak in Ireland.

Rivers and lakes

Glenbeg Lough, Beara Peninsula
Upper lake at Three Castle Head, Mizen Head

Three rivers, the Bandon, Blackwater, and Lee, and their valleys dominate central Cork. Habitats of the valleys and floodplains include woodlands, marshes, fens, and species-rich limestone grasslands. The River Bandon flows through several towns, including Dunmanway to the west of the town of Bandon before draining into Kinsale Harbour on the south coast. Cork's sea loughs include Lough Hyne and Lough Mahon, and the county also has many small lakes. An area has formed where the River Lee breaks into a network of channels weaving through a series of wooded islands, forming 85 hectares of swampland around Cork's wooded area. The Environmental Protection Agency carried out a survey of surface waters in County Cork between 1995 and 1997, which identified 125 rivers and 32 lakes covered by the regulations.

Land and forestry

Like many parts of Munster, Cork has fertile agricultural land and many bog and peatlands. Cork has around 74,000 hectares of peatlands, which amount to 9.8% of the county's total land area. Cork has the highest share of the national forest area, with around 90,020 ha (222,400 acres) of forest and woodland area, constituting 11.6% of the national total and approximately 12% of Cork's land area. It is home to one of the last remaining pieces of native woodland in Ireland and Europe.

Mizen Head is the most south-westerly point of both Cork and Ireland

Wildlife

The hooded crow, Corvus cornix is a common bird, particularly in areas nearer the coast. Due to this bird's ability to (rarely) prey upon small lambs, the gun clubs of County Cork have killed many of these birds in modern times. A collection of the marine algae was housed in the herbarium of the botany department of the University College Cork. Parts of the South West coastline are hotspots for sightings of rare birds, with Cape Clear being a prime location for bird watching. The island is also home to one of only a few gannet colonies around Ireland and the UK. The coastline of Cork is sometimes associated with whale watching, with some sightings of fin whales, basking sharks, pilot whales, minke whales, and other species.

Coastline

See also: List of islands of Ireland

Cork has a mountainous and flat landscape with many beaches and sea cliffs along its coast. The southwest of Ireland is known for its peninsulas and some in Cork include the Beara Peninsula, Sheep's Head, Mizen Head, and Brow Head. Brow Head is the most southerly point of mainland Ireland. There are many islands off the coast of the county, in particular, off West Cork. Carbery's Hundred Isles are the islands around Long Island Bay and Roaringwater Bay.

Fastnet Rock lies in the Atlantic Ocean 11.3  km south of mainland Ireland, making it the most southerly point of Ireland. Many notable islands lie off Cork, including Bere, Great Island, Sherkin, and Cape Clear. With an estimated 1,199 km (745 mi) of coastline, Cork is one of three counties which claims to have the longest coastline in Ireland, alongside Mayo and Donegal. Cork is also one of just three counties to border two bodies of water – the Celtic Sea to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Cork marks the end of the Wild Atlantic Way, the tourism trail from County Donegal's Inishowen Peninsula to Kinsale

Average high sea temperature in County Cork
Cork Harbour (Celtic Sea) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Sea Temperature 11.4 °C (52.5 °F) 10.7 °C (51.3 °F) 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) 12.2 °C (54.0 °F) 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) 17.9 °C (64.2 °F) 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) 16.0 °C (60.8 °F) 13.7 °C (56.7 °F) 12.3 °C (54.1 °F) 14.1 °C (57.4 °F)
Bantry (Atlantic Ocean) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Sea Temperature 11.6 °C (52.9 °F) 11.2 °C (52.2 °F) 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) 12.1 °C (53.8 °F) 12.8 °C (55.0 °F) 15.6 °C (60.1 °F) 17.6 °C (63.7 °F) 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) 17.3 °C (63.1 °F) 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) 12.2 °C (54.0 °F) 14.0 °C (57.2 °F)

History

Main article: History of Cork
Historical population
YearPop.±%
160021,889—    
161034,250+56.5%
165354,250+58.4%
165963,031+16.2%
1821730,444+1058.9%
1831810,732+11.0%
1841854,118+5.4%
1851649,308−24.0%
1861544,818−16.1%
1871517,076−5.1%
1881495,607−4.2%
1891438,432−11.5%
1901404,611−7.7%
1911392,104−3.1%
1926365,747−6.7%
1936355,957−2.7%
1946343,668−3.5%
1951341,284−0.7%
1956336,663−1.4%
1961330,443−1.8%
1966339,703+2.8%
1971352,883+3.9%
1979396,118+12.3%
1981402,465+1.6%
1986412,735+2.6%
1991410,369−0.6%
1996420,510+2.5%
2002447,829+6.5%
2006481,295+7.5%
2011519,032+7.8%
2016542,868+4.6%
2022584,156+7.6%

The county is colloquially referred to as "The Rebel County", although uniquely Cork does not have an official motto. This name has 15th-century origins, but from the 20th century, the name has been more commonly attributed to the prominent role Cork played in the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) when it was the scene of considerable fighting. In addition, it was an anti-Treaty stronghold during the Irish Civil War (1922–23). Much of what is now county Cork was once part of the Kingdom of Deas Mumhan (South Munster), anglicised as the "Desmond", ruled by the MacCarthy Mór dynasty. After the Norman invasion in the 12th century, the McCarthy clan were pushed westward into what is now West Cork and County Kerry. Dunlough Castle, standing just north of Mizen Head, is one of the oldest castles in Ireland (AD 1207). The north and east of Cork were taken by the Hiberno-Norman FitzGerald dynasty, who became the Earls of Desmond. Cork City was given an English Royal Charter in 1318 and for many centuries was an outpost for Old English culture. The Fitzgerald Desmond dynasty was destroyed in the Desmond Rebellions of 1569–1573 and 1579–1583. Much of county Cork was devastated in the fighting, particularly in the Second Desmond Rebellion. In the aftermath, much of Cork was colonised by English settlers in the Plantation of Munster.

15th-century drawing of Perkin Warbeck

In 1491 Cork played a part in the English Wars of the Roses when Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne spread the story that he was really Richard of Shrewsbury (one of the Princes in the Tower), landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow King Henry VII of England. The Cork people supported Warbeck because he was Flemish and not English; Cork was the only county in Ireland to join the fight. The mayor of Cork and several important citizens went with Warbeck to England, but when the rebellion collapsed they were all captured and executed. Cork's nickname of the 'rebel county' (and Cork city's of the 'rebel city') originates in these events.

In 1601 the decisive Battle of Kinsale took place in County Cork, which was to lead to English domination of Ireland for centuries. Kinsale had been the scene of a landing of Spanish troops to help Irish rebels in the Nine Years' War (1594–1603). When this force was defeated, the rebel hopes for victory in the war were all but ended. County Cork was officially created by a division of the older County Desmond in 1606.

In the early 17th century, the townland of Leamcon (near Schull) was a pirate stronghold, and pirates traded easily in Baltimore and Whiddy Island.

Michael Collins, photographed in 1919

In the 19th century, Cork was a centre for the Fenians and for the constitutional nationalism of the Irish Parliamentary Party, from 1910 that of the All-for-Ireland Party. The county was a hotbed of guerrilla activity during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921). Three Cork Brigades of the Irish Republican Army operated in the county and another in the city. Prominent actions included the Kilmichael Ambush in November 1920 and the Crossbarry Ambush in March 1921. The activity of IRA flying columns, such as the one under Tom Barry in west Cork, was popularised in the Ken Loach film The Wind That Shakes The Barley. On 11 December 1920, Cork City centre was gutted by fires started by the Black and Tans in reprisal for IRA attacks. Over 300 buildings were destroyed; many other towns and villages around the county, including Fermoy, suffered a similar fate.

During the Irish Civil War (1922–23), most of the IRA units in Cork sided against the Anglo-Irish Treaty. From July to August 1922 they held the city and county as part of the so-called Munster Republic. However, Cork was taken by troops of the Irish Free State in August 1922 in the Irish Free State offensive, which included both overland and seaborne attacks. For the remainder of the war, the county saw sporadic guerrilla fighting until the Anti-Treaty side called a ceasefire and dumped their arms in May 1923. Michael Collins, a key figure in the War of Independence, was born near Clonakilty and assassinated during the civil war in Béal na Bláth, both in west Cork.

Irish language

County Cork has two Gaeltacht areas in which the Irish language is the primary medium of everyday speech. These are Múscraí (Muskerry) in the north of the county, especially the villages of Cill Na Martra (Kilnamartyra), Baile Bhúirne (Ballyvourney), Cúil Aodha (Coolea), Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh (Ballingeary), and Oileán Chléire (Cape Clear Island).

There are 14,829 Irish language speakers in County Cork, with 3,660 native speakers in the Cork Gaeltacht. In addition, in 2011 there were 6,273 pupils attending the 21 Gaelscoileanna and six Gaelcholáistí all across the county. According to the Irish Census 2006, there are 4,896 people in the county who identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside of the education system. The village of Ballingeary is a centre for Irish language tuition, with a summer school, Coláiste na Mumhan, or the College of Munster.

Anthem

The song "The Banks of My Own Lovely Lee" is traditionally associated with the county. It is sometimes heard at GAA and other sports fixtures involving the county.

Media

Several media publications are printed and distributed in County Cork. These include the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner) and its sister publication The Echo (formerly the Evening Echo). Local and regional newspapers include the Carrigdhoun, the Cork Independent, The Corkman, the Mallow Star, the Douglas Post, the East Cork Journal and The Southern Star. Local radio stations include Cork's 96FM and dual-franchise C103, Red FM, and a number of community radio stations, such as CRY 104.0FM.

Places of interest

Tourist sites include the Blarney Stone at Blarney Castle, Blarney. The port of Cobh in County Cork was the point of embarkation for many Irish emigrants travelling to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa or the United States. Cobh (at the time named 'Queenstown') was the last stop of the RMS Titanic before it departed on its fated journey.

Fota Wildlife Park, on Fota Island, is also a tourist attraction. Nearby is Fota House and Gardens and the Fota Golf Club and Resort; a European Tour standard golf course which hosted the Irish Open in 2001, 2002 and 2014.

West Cork is known for its rugged natural environment, beaches and social atmosphere, and is a common destination for British, German, French and Dutch tourists.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Cork

The South-West Region, comprising counties Cork and Kerry, contributed 103.2 billion (approximately US$111.6 billion) towards the Irish GDP in 2020.

The harbour area east of Cork city is home to many pharmaceutical and medical companies. Mahon Point Shopping Centre is Cork's largest, and Munster's second-largest, shopping centre; it contains over 75 stores including a retail park. The Golden Vale is among the most productive farmland for dairy in Ireland. The chief milk processor is Dairygold, a farmer-owned co-operative based in Mitchelstown, which processes 1.4 billion litres a year, converting the milk into cheeses and powder dairy nutrition for infant formula.

Demographics

Leading population centres
Rank City or town Population (2022)
1 Cork 224,004
2 Carrigaline 18,239
3 Cobh 14,148
4 Midleton 13,906
5 Mallow 13,456
6 Youghal 8,564
7 Bandon 8,196
8 Fermoy 6,720
9 Passage West-Monkstown 6,051
10 Kinsale 5,991
Main article: List of towns and villages in County Cork

The city of Cork forms the largest urban area in the county, with a total population of 224,004 as of 2022. Cork is the second-most populous city in the Republic of Ireland, and the third-most populous city on the island of Ireland. According to 2022 census statistics, the county has 13 towns with a population of over 4,000. The county has a population density of 77.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (202/sq mi). A large percentage of the population lives in urban areas.

In the 1841 census, before the outbreak of the Great Famine, County Cork had a recorded population of 854,118. By the 2022 census, Cork city and county had a combined population of 584,156 people.

As of the 2022 census, ethnically the population included 78.5% White Irish people, 9.9% other White background, 1.4% Asian and 1.1% Black. In 2022, the largest religious denominations in Cork were: Catholicism (71%), Church of Ireland (2.3%), Orthodox (1.2%), and Islam (1.2%). Those stating that they had no religion accounted for 15.7% of the population in 2022.

Transport

Cork's main transport is serviced from:

People

Main article: List of Cork people See also: Category:People from County Cork

Common surnames in the county include Barry, Buckley, Callaghan, Connell, Connor, Crowley, Lynch, McCarthy, Murphy, O'Leary, O'Sullivan, Sheehan, Walsh, and Fitzgerald (the latter with a Norman derivation).

See also

References

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Sources

External links

Places adjacent to County Cork
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