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{{short description|Assertion that a statement or allegation is not true despite the existence or non-existence of evidence}} {{Short description|Assertion that a statement is false}}
{{About||other uses|Denial (disambiguation)|and|Deny (disambiguation)|and|Denied (disambiguation)}}
{{other uses}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Denies|Denys}}
], a story told in the four ]s in the ]. In it, Peter denies having associated with Jesus, who is being sought by authorities.]] ], found in the four ]s in the ]. In it, Peter denies having associated with Jesus, who is being sought by authorities.]]
⚫ '''Denial''', in ordinary English usage, is asserting that a statement or allegation is not true<ref name= "OED denial">{{cite book |title= Oxford English Dictionary |edition= Online, U.S. English |chapter= denial |chapter-url= http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/denial |publisher= ] |access-date= 2014-05-24 |via= oxforddictionaries.com}}</ref> (which might be accurate or inaccurate). It may also mean the refusal of a request, but this article covers denial of true factual claims.
'''Denial''', in ] usage, has at least three meanings:


⚫ * the assertion that any particular statement or allegation, whose truth is uncertain, is not true;<ref name="OED denial">{{cite book |title= Oxford English Dictionary |edition= Online, U.S. English |chapter= denial |chapter-url= http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/denial |publisher= ] |access-date= 2014-05-24 |via= oxforddictionaries.com |archive-date= 2016-05-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160510012624/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/denial |url-status= dead }}</ref>
⚫ In psychology, ] is a person's choice to deny reality as a way to avoid a psychologically uncomfortable truth.
* the refusal of a request; and
* the assertion that a true statement is false.


⚫ In psychology, ] is a person's choice to deny reality as a way to avoid a psychologically uncomfortable truth.
⚫ In ], ] is a ] in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence. The concept of denial is important in ]s where the abandonment or reversal of denial that ] is problematic forms the basis of the first, fourth, fifth, eighth and tenth steps.


⚫ In ], ] is a ] in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence. The concept of denial is important in ]s, where the abandonment or reversal of denial that ] is problematic forms the basis of the first, fourth, fifth, eighth, and tenth steps.{{Citation needed|date=November 2024}}
⚫ People who are exhibiting symptoms of a serious medical condition sometimes deny or ignore those symptoms because the idea of having a serious health problem is uncomfortable or disturbing. The ] cites denial as a principal reason that treatment of a ] is delayed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ornato Joseph P.|last2=Hand Mary M.|date=2014-03-18|title=Warning Signs of a Heart Attack|url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006126|journal=Circulation|volume=129|issue=11|pages=e393–e395|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006126|doi-access=free}}</ref> Because the symptoms are so varied, and often have other potential explanations, the opportunity exists for the patient to deny the emergency, often with fatal consequences. It is common for patients to delay recommended ]s or other tests because of a fear of ], even on average this worsens the long-term medical outcome.{{fact|date=January 2020}}

⚫ People who are exhibiting symptoms of a serious medical condition sometimes deny or ignore those symptoms because the idea of having a serious health problem is uncomfortable or disturbing. The ] cites denial as a principal reason that treatment of a ] is delayed.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ornato Joseph P.|last2=Hand Mary M.|date=2014-03-18|title=Warning Signs of a Heart Attack|journal=Circulation|volume=129|issue=11|pages=e393–e395|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006126|pmid=24637436|doi-access=free}}</ref> Because the symptoms are so varied, and often have other potential explanations, the opportunity exists for the patient to deny the reality of the emergency, often with fatal consequences. It is common for patients to delay recommended ]s or other tests because of a fear of ], although this usually worsens the ].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rivera-Franco|first1=Monica M|last2=Leon-Rodriguez|first2=Eucario|date=2018-01-08|title=Delays in Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment in Developing Countries|journal=Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research|volume=12|doi=10.1177/1178223417752677|issn=1178-2234|pmc=5802601|pmid=29434475}}</ref>


== Psychology == == Psychology ==
Initial short-term denial can be a good thing, giving you time to adjust to a painful or stressful issue. It might also be a precursor to making some sort of change in your life. But denial can also be harmful; if denial persists and prevents you from taking appropriate action, it's a harmful response.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stuck in denial? How to move on|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/denial/art-20047926|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> Initial short-term denial can be a good thing, giving time to adjust to a painful or stressful issue. It might also be a precursor to making some sort of change in one's life. But denial can also be harmful; if denial persists and prevents a person from taking appropriate action, it's a harmful response.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stuck in denial? How to move on|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/denial/art-20047926|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref>


== In political and economic context == == In political and economic contexts ==
Some people who are known as denialists<ref>2005, The Cape Times 2005-03-11 {{full citation needed|date=April 2019}}</ref> or ]s have known to be in denial of historical or scientific facts accepted by the mainstream of society or by experts, for political or economic reasons. It includes: Some people who have been known to be in denial of historical or scientific facts accepted by the mainstream of society or by experts, for political or economic reasons, have been referred to as ''denialists''<ref>2005, The Cape Times 2005-03-11 {{full citation needed|date=April 2019}}</ref> or '']''. Examples of denialism in this context include:


*] *]
*] *]
*]
*] (such as ]) *] (such as ])
*] *]
*] *]

==In religious contexts==
In the ], the Jewish ] sect is noted for its denial of beliefs held by other sections of the ] community: they did not believe in the ] or the existence of ]s and ].<ref>], (1834), on Matthew 22, accessed on 11 December 2024</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
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*] *]
*]
*] *]
*] *]
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== Further reading == == Further reading ==
=== Articles ===
* {{cite journal |last1= Sharot |first1= T. |last2= Korn |first2= C. W. |last3= Dolan |first3= R. J. |title= How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality |journal= ] |volume= 14 |issue= 11 |year= 2011 |pages= 1475–9 |pmid= 21983684 |pmc= 3204264 |doi= 10.1038/nn.2949}} * {{cite journal |last1= Sharot |first1= T. |last2= Korn |first2= C. W. |last3= Dolan |first3= R. J. |title= How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality |journal= ] |volume= 14 |issue= 11 |year= 2011 |pages= 1475–9 |pmid= 21983684 |pmc= 3204264 |doi= 10.1038/nn.2949}}
* {{cite journal |last1= Izuma |first1= K. |last2= Adolphs |first2= R. |title= The brain's rose-colored glasses |journal= ] |volume= 14 |issue= 11 |year= 2011 |pages= 1355–6 |pmid= 22030541 |doi= 10.1038/nn.2960|s2cid= 22368367 }} * {{cite journal |last1= Izuma |first1= K. |last2= Adolphs |first2= R. |title= The brain's rose-colored glasses |journal= ] |volume= 14 |issue= 11 |year= 2011 |pages= 1355–6 |pmid= 22030541 |doi= 10.1038/nn.2960|s2cid= 22368367 }}
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{{Defense mechanisms}} {{Defense mechanisms}}
{{Psychological manipulation}}
{{Abuse}}


]
] ]
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Latest revision as of 17:23, 19 December 2024

Assertion that a statement is false For other uses, see Denial (disambiguation), Deny (disambiguation), and Denied (disambiguation). "Denies" redirects here. Not to be confused with Denys.
A 17th century painting depicting the Denial of Peter, found in the four Gospels in the New Testament. In it, Peter denies having associated with Jesus, who is being sought by authorities.

Denial, in colloquial English usage, has at least three meanings:

  • the assertion that any particular statement or allegation, whose truth is uncertain, is not true;
  • the refusal of a request; and
  • the assertion that a true statement is false.

In psychology, denialism is a person's choice to deny reality as a way to avoid a psychologically uncomfortable truth.

In psychoanalytic theory, denial is a defense mechanism in which a person is faced with a fact that is too uncomfortable to accept and rejects it instead, insisting that it is not true despite what may be overwhelming evidence. The concept of denial is important in twelve-step programs, where the abandonment or reversal of denial that substance dependence is problematic forms the basis of the first, fourth, fifth, eighth, and tenth steps.

People who are exhibiting symptoms of a serious medical condition sometimes deny or ignore those symptoms because the idea of having a serious health problem is uncomfortable or disturbing. The American Heart Association cites denial as a principal reason that treatment of a heart attack is delayed. Because the symptoms are so varied, and often have other potential explanations, the opportunity exists for the patient to deny the reality of the emergency, often with fatal consequences. It is common for patients to delay recommended mammograms or other tests because of a fear of cancer, although this usually worsens the long-term medical outcome.

Psychology

Initial short-term denial can be a good thing, giving time to adjust to a painful or stressful issue. It might also be a precursor to making some sort of change in one's life. But denial can also be harmful; if denial persists and prevents a person from taking appropriate action, it's a harmful response.

In political and economic contexts

Some people who have been known to be in denial of historical or scientific facts accepted by the mainstream of society or by experts, for political or economic reasons, have been referred to as denialists or true believers. Examples of denialism in this context include:

In religious contexts

In the New Testament, the Jewish Sadducee sect is noted for its denial of beliefs held by other sections of the Jewish community: they did not believe in the resurrection of the dead or the existence of angels and spirits.

See also

References

  1. "denial". Oxford English Dictionary (Online, U.S. English ed.). Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2016-05-10. Retrieved 2014-05-24 – via oxforddictionaries.com.
  2. Ornato Joseph P.; Hand Mary M. (2014-03-18). "Warning Signs of a Heart Attack". Circulation. 129 (11): e393 – e395. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006126. PMID 24637436.
  3. Rivera-Franco, Monica M; Leon-Rodriguez, Eucario (2018-01-08). "Delays in Breast Cancer Detection and Treatment in Developing Countries". Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research. 12. doi:10.1177/1178223417752677. ISSN 1178-2234. PMC 5802601. PMID 29434475.
  4. "Stuck in denial? How to move on". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2020-10-19.
  5. 2005, The Cape Times 2005-03-11
  6. Barnes, A., (1834), Barnes' Notes on Matthew 22, accessed on 11 December 2024

Further reading

Defence mechanisms
Level 1: Pathological
Level 2: Immature
Level 3: Neurotic
Level 4: Mature
Other
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