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{{short description|Residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas}} {{short description|Residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas}}
{{Distinguish|Texan}}
{{redirect|Texican|the 1966 film|The Texican}} {{redirect|Texican|the 1966 film|The Texican}}


'''Texians''' were residents of ] and, later, the ]. '''Texians''' were Anglo-American residents of ] and, later, the ]. Today, the term is used to identify early Anglo settlers of ], especially those who supported the ]. Mexican settlers of that era are referred to as ], and residents of modern Texas are known as Texans.

Today, the term is used to distinguish early settlers of ], especially those who supported the ]. Both terms used to refer to inhabitants ], and ]s are interchangable.


==History== ==History==


===Colonial settlement=== ===Colonial settlement===
Many different immigrant groups came to Texas over the centuries. There was Spanish immigration in the 17th century, French and English in the 18th century, and massive ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] immigration in the years leading up to Texas independence in the 19th century. Thus, the word ''Texian'' is not specific to ] immigrants or ]-speaking immigrants that settled the land. So, before Texas became a sovereign nation in 1836, Texian referred to any resident, of any color or language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/txweb/txwebmain.htm|title=The Texian Web - Texas History on the Internet|website=www.tamu.edu}}</ref> Many different settler groups came to Texas over the centuries. Spanish colonists in the 17th century linked Texas to the rest of New Spain. French and English traders and settlers arrived in the 18th century, and more numerous ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] settled in the years leading up to Texas independence in 1836. Before Texas became a sovereign state in 1836, Texian referred to any resident, of any race, color or language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/txweb/txwebmain.htm|title=The Texian Web – Texas History on the Internet|website=www.tamu.edu}}</ref>


In 1834{{ndash}}1836, the ] was organized for the ] of independence from ], a nation which had won its independence from ] a dozen or so years earlier. The Texian Army was a diverse group of people from many different nations and states. The Texian Army was composed of native ] volunteers,<ref name="de la Teja24">{{citation|last1=del la Teja|first1=Jesus|title=A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin|publisher=State House Press|location=Austin, TX|year=1991|isbn=0-938349-68-6}}</ref>{{Rp|24}} volunteers from the ]; and people from ], ], the ], ], ], ], ], ], and what is now the ].<ref name=Todish>{{citation|last1=Todish|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Todish|first2=Terry|last3=Spring|first3=Ted|title=Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution|publisher=Eakin Press|year=1998|location=Austin, TX|isbn=978-1-57168-152-2}}</ref> Used in this sense, terms like "Texian Army", "Texian forces", or "Texian troops" would refer to any of the inhabitants of Texas, in that era, who participated in the Texas Revolution. In 1834{{ndash}}1836, the ] was organized for the ] of independence from Mexico, a nation which had won its independence from Spain in 1821. Although the Texian army was predominantly made up of Anglo-Americans who traced their ancestries to Colonial America, it was a diverse group of people from many different nations and states.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EU1gDwAAQBAJ&q=Texians+anglo-american+colonial+period | isbn=978-1-61532-504-7 | title=Anglo-American Colonization of Texas | date=January 2010 | publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group }}</ref> The Texian Army was composed of ] volunteers,<ref name="de la Teja24">{{citation|last1=del la Teja|first1=Jesus|title=A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin|publisher=State House Press|location=Austin, TX|year=1991|isbn=0-938349-68-6}}</ref>{{Rp|24}} volunteers from the ]; and immigrants directly from Europe including countries like England, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Portugal, and what is now the Czech Republic.<ref name=Todish>{{citation|last1=Todish|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Todish|first2=Terry|last3=Spring|first3=Ted|title=Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution|publisher=Eakin Press|year=1998|location=Austin, TX|isbn=978-1-57168-152-2}}</ref> Used in this sense, terms like "Texian Army", "Texian forces", or "Texian troops" would refer to any of the inhabitants of Texas, in that era, who participated in the Texas Revolution.


===Texians of the Republic of Texas, 1836 to 1846=== ===Republic of Texas===
Texian was a popular ], used by Texas colonists, for all the people of the ], before it became a U.S. state.<ref name="tshaonline.org">{{cite book|first1=Herbert|last1=Fletcher|title=TEXIAN|work=]|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pft05|access-date=January 9, 2015|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|isbn=0-87611-151-7}}</ref> This term was used by early colonists and public officials, including many Texas residents,<ref name="tshaonline.org"/> and President ] frequently used it to foster Texas nationalism.<ref name="tshaonline.org"/> Texian was a popular ], used by Texas colonists, for all the people of the ] (1836–1846), before it became a U.S. state.<ref name="tshaonline.org">{{cite book|first1=Herbert|last1=Fletcher|title=Texian|series=]|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pft05|access-date=January 9, 2015|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|isbn=0-87611-151-7}}</ref> This term was used by early colonists and public officials, including many Texas residents,<ref name="tshaonline.org"/> and President ] frequently used it to foster Texas nationalism.<ref name="tshaonline.org"/>


Over time, the ] in Texas began to champion the usage of ''"Texan"'' instead of "Texian". Overwhelming numbers in the United States used the term Texan; and due to the massive 19th-century influx of Americans into the ]/] of ], Texan<ref>{{cite book|first1=Herbert|last1=Fletcher|title=TEXAN|work=]|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pft02|access-date=January 9, 2015|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|isbn=0-87611-151-7}}</ref> became the standard term after 1850.<ref name="tshaonline.org"/> The '']'' of 1857 bemoaned the shift in usage, saying "Texian...has more ], and is better adapted to the conscience of poets who shall hereafter celebrate our deeds in sonorous strains than the harsh, abrupt, ungainly, appellation, Texan—impossible to rhyme with anything but the merest doggerel."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Texas Almanac, for 1857, with Statistics, Historical and Biographical Sketches, &c., Relating to Texas.|year=1857|publisher=Richardson and Company |location=Galveston |oclc=17157372 |url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth123763/|edition=A 1966 facsimile reproduction by A. H. Belo Corporation, Dallas, Texas}}</ref>{{Rp|176}} The ''Almanac'' continued to use the earlier term until 1868. Indeed, many who had lived through the times of Revolution and Republic continued to call themselves Texians into the 20th century. Over time, the ] in Texas began to champion the usage of "Texan" instead of "Texian". Overwhelming numbers in the United States used the term Texan. Due to the 19th-century influx of Americans into the Republic and later ] of ], Texan<ref>{{cite book|first1=Herbert|last1=Fletcher|title=Texian |series=]|url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pft02|access-date=January 9, 2015|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|isbn=0-87611-151-7}}</ref> became the standard term after 1850.<ref name="tshaonline.org"/>


The '']'' of 1857 bemoaned the shift in usage, saying
⚫ == Armed Forces ==
<blockquote>"Texian...has more ], and is better adapted to the conscience of poets who shall hereafter celebrate our deeds in sonorous strains than the harsh, abrupt, ungainly, appellation, Texan—impossible to rhyme with anything but the merest doggerel."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Texas Almanac, for 1857, with Statistics, Historical and Biographical Sketches, &c., Relating to Texas.|year=1857|publisher=Richardson and Company |location=Galveston |oclc=17157372 |url=http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth123763/|edition=A 1966 facsimile reproduction by A. H. Belo Corporation, Dallas, Texas}}</ref>{{Rp|176}}</blockquote> The ''Almanac'' continued to use the earlier term until 1868. Many who had lived through the times of Revolution and Republic continued to call themselves Texians into the 20th century.

⚫ == Armed forces ==


* ] * ]
*]
*] *]


== See also == == See also ==

* ] * ]
*]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
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{{Texas History Navbox}} {{Texas History Navbox}}


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Latest revision as of 21:13, 19 December 2024

Residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas "Texican" redirects here. For the 1966 film, see The Texican.

Texians were Anglo-American residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas. Today, the term is used to identify early Anglo settlers of Texas, especially those who supported the Texas Revolution. Mexican settlers of that era are referred to as Tejanos, and residents of modern Texas are known as Texans.

History

Colonial settlement

Many different settler groups came to Texas over the centuries. Spanish colonists in the 17th century linked Texas to the rest of New Spain. French and English traders and settlers arrived in the 18th century, and more numerous German, Dutch, Swedish, Irish, Scottish, Scots-Irish, and Welsh settled in the years leading up to Texas independence in 1836. Before Texas became a sovereign state in 1836, Texian referred to any resident, of any race, color or language.

In 1834–1836, the Texian Army was organized for the Texas Revolution of independence from Mexico, a nation which had won its independence from Spain in 1821. Although the Texian army was predominantly made up of Anglo-Americans who traced their ancestries to Colonial America, it was a diverse group of people from many different nations and states. The Texian Army was composed of Tejano volunteers, volunteers from the Southern United States; and immigrants directly from Europe including countries like England, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Portugal, and what is now the Czech Republic. Used in this sense, terms like "Texian Army", "Texian forces", or "Texian troops" would refer to any of the inhabitants of Texas, in that era, who participated in the Texas Revolution.

Republic of Texas

Texian was a popular demonym, used by Texas colonists, for all the people of the Republic of Texas (1836–1846), before it became a U.S. state. This term was used by early colonists and public officials, including many Texas residents, and President Mirabeau Lamar frequently used it to foster Texas nationalism.

Over time, the English-speaking Americans in Texas began to champion the usage of "Texan" instead of "Texian". Overwhelming numbers in the United States used the term Texan. Due to the 19th-century influx of Americans into the Republic and later U.S. state of Texas, Texan became the standard term after 1850.

The Texas Almanac of 1857 bemoaned the shift in usage, saying

"Texian...has more euphony, and is better adapted to the conscience of poets who shall hereafter celebrate our deeds in sonorous strains than the harsh, abrupt, ungainly, appellation, Texan—impossible to rhyme with anything but the merest doggerel."

The Almanac continued to use the earlier term until 1868. Many who had lived through the times of Revolution and Republic continued to call themselves Texians into the 20th century.

Armed forces

See also

References

  1. "The Texian Web – Texas History on the Internet". www.tamu.edu.
  2. Anglo-American Colonization of Texas. The Rosen Publishing Group. January 2010. ISBN 978-1-61532-504-7.
  3. del la Teja, Jesus (1991), A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin, Austin, TX: State House Press, ISBN 0-938349-68-6
  4. Todish, Timothy J.; Todish, Terry; Spring, Ted (1998), Alamo Sourcebook, 1836: A Comprehensive Guide to the Battle of the Alamo and the Texas Revolution, Austin, TX: Eakin Press, ISBN 978-1-57168-152-2
  5. ^ Fletcher, Herbert. Texian. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 0-87611-151-7. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  6. Fletcher, Herbert. Texian. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 0-87611-151-7. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  7. The Texas Almanac, for 1857, with Statistics, Historical and Biographical Sketches, &c., Relating to Texas (A 1966 facsimile reproduction by A. H. Belo Corporation, Dallas, Texas ed.). Galveston: Richardson and Company. 1857. OCLC 17157372.

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