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{{short description|Descriptive term}}
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] as the archetypal nerd, Lewis Skolnick in '']'']]
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A '''nerd''' is a person seen as overly ], ], ], or lacking ]. Such a person may spend inordinate amounts of time on unpopular, little known, or non-mainstream activities, which are generally either highly technical, abstract, or relating to niche topics such as ] or ], to the exclusion of more mainstream activities.<ref>, "Dictionary.com, LLC" 2011, accessed May 13, 2011.</ref><ref>nerd, n. ] online. Third edition, September 2003; online version September 2011. First included in Oxford English Dictionary second edition, 1989.</ref><ref name=webster>{{Citation |url= http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nerd |access-date= 2011-11-23 |title= Definition of NERD |work= ] |year= 2011 }}</ref> Additionally, many so-called nerds are described as being ], ], ]ic, and ].<ref>{{Cite journal |doi= 10.2307/2112783 |title= From nerds to normals: The recovery of identity among adolescents from middle school to high school |author= DA Kinney |year=1993 |pages=21–40 |journal= Sociology of Education |volume= 66 |issue=1 |jstor= 2112783 | issn=0038-0407}}</ref>


Originally ], the term "nerd" was a ], but as with other ], it has been ] and redefined by some as a term of pride and group identity.<ref>{{Cite journal |title= Nerds and Geeks: Society's Evolving Stereotypes of Our Students With Gifts and Talents |author= Tracy L. Cross |year=2005 |journal= Social/Emotional Needs |volume= 28 |issue=4 }}</ref>
'''Nerd''', as a ], ] and frequently derogatory designation, refers to a person who passionately pursues ] or ] knowledge or pastimes rather than engaging in ], such as participating in organized sports or other mainstream social activities. ] defines a nerd as an "unstylish, unattractive, or socially inept person: especially: one slavishly devoted to intellectual or academic pursuits."<ref>''Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.'' "Nerd." </ref> While ''nerd'', '']'', and '']'' share in passionate intellectual pursuits and social ineptitude, ''nerd'' has the added implication of being affable and amusing. A nerd is often excluded from physical activity, and is often considered a ] by peers.


== Etymology == ==Etymology==
The first documented appearance of the word ''nerd'' is as the name of a creature in ]'s book '']'' (1950), in which the narrator Gerald McGrew claims that he would collect "a Nerkle, a Nerd, and a ] too" for his imaginary zoo.<ref name=webster/><ref name="English Language 1212">American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition, p. 1212, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston – New York – London, 1992.</ref><ref>], '']'', p. 47, Random House Books for Young Readers. New York, 1950.</ref> The ] meaning of the term dates to 1951.<ref name="Harper">{{OEtymD|nerd}}</ref> That year, '']'' magazine reported on its popular use as a synonym for '']'' or '']'' in ], ].<ref>'']'' (1951-10-8), p. 28</ref> By the early 1960s, usage of the term had spread throughout the United States, and even as far as Scotland.<ref>Gregory J. Marsh in Special Collections at the ] library as reported in {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080131223744/http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/lists_archive/Humanist/v04/0074.html |date=2008-01-31 }} (1990-6-28) Vol. 4, No. 0235.</ref><ref>Glasgow, Scotland, ''Sunday Mail'' (1957-02-10).</ref> At some point, the word took on connotations of bookishness and social ineptitude.<ref name="English Language 1212"/>
The word ''nerd'' first appeared in ] book '']'',<ref>], '']'', p. 47, Random House Books for Young Readers, New York, 1950</ref> published in ], where it simply names one of Seuss's many comical imaginary animals. (The narrator Gerald McGrew claims that he would collect "a Nerkle, a Nerd, and a Seersucker too" for his imaginary zoo.)


An alternate spelling,<ref>''The many spellings of Nurd'', Fall 1970 (revised 2015)</ref> as ''nurd'' or ''gnurd'', also began to appear in the mid-1960s, or early 1970s.<ref>''Current Slang: A Quarterly Glossary of Slang Expressions Currently In Use'' (1971). Vol. V, No. 4, Spring 1971, p. 17</ref> Author ] claimed to have coined the "nurd" spelling in 1973, but its first recorded use appeared in a 1965 student publication at ] (RPI).<ref>Personal Correspondence (1973-9-4) reported on </ref><ref>RPI ''Bachelor'' (1965), V14 #1</ref> ] there holds that the word is derived from ''knurd'' ('']'' spelled backwards), which was used to describe people who studied rather than partied. The term ''gnurd'' (spelled with the "g") was in use at the ] (MIT) by the year 1965.<ref>''More Mathematical People'' (D.J. Albers, J.L. Alexanderson and C. Reid), p. 105 (1990). Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.</ref> The term "nurd" was also in use at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as early as 1971.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V90/PDF/V90-N57.pdf |work=The Daily Reamer, Volume 69, No. 20 |page=6 |date=February 3, 1971 |title=Johnson honors Nurd for saving Institute |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |postscript=. |access-date=14 May 2014 |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022020354/http://tech.mit.edu/V90/PDF/V90-N57.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The slang goes back at least to ], when it was reported as a relatively new usage in ] first by '']''<ref>'']'' (1951-10-8), p. 16</ref> and then the ], ''Herald-Press''.<ref>St. Joseph, Michigan, ''Herald-Press'' (1952-6-23), p. 14</ref> By the early ], usage of the term spread through the United States<ref>Gregory J.
Marsh in Special Collections at the ] library as reported in (1990-6-28) Vol. 4, No. 0235.</ref> and as far as Scotland.<ref>Glasgow, Scotland, ''Sunday Mail''
(1957-2-10)</ref> Throughout this first decade, the definition was consistent&mdash;a dull person, a synonym of '']'', '']'' and ''scurve''. During the next decade, it took on connotations of bookishness as well as ], and the spelling ''nurd'' began to appear. The ] journal, ''Current Slang'', contains four entries for ''nurd'' and one for ''nerd'' in ] and ].<ref>''Current Slang: A Quarterly Glossary of Slang Expressions Currently In Use'' (1970), Cumulation Vol. III & IV, p. 88.</ref><ref>''Current Slang: A Quarterly Glossary of Slang Expressions Currently In Use'' (1970), Vol. V, No. 1 Summer 1970, p. 21</ref><ref>''Current Slang: A Quarterly Glossary of Slang Expressions Currently In Use'' (1971), Vol. V, No. 4, Spring 1971, p. 17 </ref>


According to '']'', the word is an alteration of the 1940s term "''nert''" (meaning "stupid or crazy person"), which is in itself an alteration of "]" (nutcase).{{refn|name=Harper}}
The first recorded use of the ''nurd'' spelling appeared in 1965, in the ] (RPI) ''Bachelor''.<ref>RPI ''Bachelor'' (1965), V14 #1</ref> Oral tradition at RPI holds that the word was coined there, spelled as ''knurd'' ('']'' spelled backwards), to describe those who studied rather than partied. This usage predates a similar coinage of '']'' by author ], but has not been documented prior to the ''nurd'' spelling in 1965. A spelling variant ''gnurd'' was in wide use at the ] by 1971 and continued at least until the mid-1970s.


The term was popularized in the 1970s by its heavy use in the ] '']''.<ref>{{Citation
Other theories of the word's origin include a variation on ], the name of ] ventriloquist dummy, and the ] labs in ] (an old name for modern-day ]), suggesting images of engineers wearing ]s with the acronym N.E.R.D. printed on them, and a claim by ] to having coined ''nurd''.<ref>Personal Correspondence (1973-9-4) reported on </ref> The ] speculates that the word is an alteration of a 1940s term ''nert'' meaning "stupid or crazy person," itself an alteration of '']''.<ref>''The Online Etymology Dictionary.'' "Nerd." </ref> Another theory is that the word "nerd" is an abbreviation of the old English term "ne'er do well" - to describe somebody who will "never do well" in life.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
| first1 = David
| last1 = Fantle
| first2 = Tom
| last2 = Johnson
| title = Reel to Real: 25 Years of Celebrity Interviews
| publisher = Badger Books Inc.
|date=November 2003
| chapter = "Nerd" is the Word: Henry Winkler, August 1981
| pages = 239–242
}}</ref>


==Culture==
The term itself was used heavily in the American ] &ndash; ] television comedy '']'' which was set in ] in the mid-1950s, and in one episode, "They Call It Potsie Love", introduced the reverse-spelled ''dren'' as meaning its opposite.<ref>'']'', episode 53: "They Call It Potsie Love" (])</ref> (This has no known or documented relationship to either instance of the ''drunk''/''knurd'' reversal.) In 1984, the film '']'' was released starring ], and ]. Carradine in particular worked very hard to embody the nerd stereotype and in so doing helped define it for many years to come.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} Additionally, the storyline presaged and may have helped inspire the "nerd pride" that emerged in the 1990s.
===Stereotype===
Because of the nerd stereotype, many intelligent people are often thought of as nerdy. This belief can be harmful, as it can cause high-school students to "switch off their lights" out of fear of being branded as a nerd,<ref name="In Praise">{{cite news |last= Anderegg |first=Mr |title= In Praise of Nerds |url= http://www.economist.com/node/10493332 |newspaper= The Economist |date=12 January 2008}}</ref> and cause otherwise appealing people to be considered nerdy simply for their intellect. It was once thought that intellectuals were nerdy because they were envied. However, ] stated in his essay, "Why Nerds are Unpopular", that intellect is neutral, meaning that you are neither loved nor despised for it. He also states that it is only the correlation that makes smart teens automatically seem nerdy, and that a nerd is someone that is not socially adept enough. Additionally, he says that the reason why many smart kids are unpopular is that they "don't have time for the activities required for popularity."<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last=Graham|first=Paul|title=Why Nerds are Unpopular|url=http://www.paulgraham.com/nerds.html}}</ref>


Stereotypical nerd appearance, often lampooned in ]s, can include very large ], ], ], severe ] and ] worn high at the waist. Following suit of popular use in emoticons, Unicode released in 2015 its "Nerd Face" character, featuring some of those stereotypes: 🤓 (code point U+1F913). In the media, many nerds are males, portrayed as being physically unfit, either ] or ] due to lack of physical exercise.<ref name=":1">Lori Kendall. "OH NO! I'M A NERD!": Hegemonic Masculinity on an Online Forum. ''Gender Society''. '''14''': 256. (2000)</ref><ref>Ron Eglash. Race, Sex, and Nerds. ''Social Text''. '''20:''' 49 (2002)</ref> It has been suggested by some, such as linguist ], that being a nerd may be a state of being "hyperwhite" and rejecting ] and slang that "cool" white children use.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/29/magazine/29wwln-idealab-t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&oref=slogin|title= Who's a Nerd, Anyway? |access-date=2007-07-28 |author=Benjamin Nugent|date=July 29, 2007|work=] Magazine}}</ref> However, after the '']'' movie franchise (with multicultural nerds), and the introduction of the ] character on the television series '']'', nerds have been seen in all races and colors as well as more recently being a frequent young East Asian or Indian male stereotype in North America. Portrayal of "nerd girls", in films such as '']'', '']'' and '']'' depicts that smart but nerdy women might suffer later in life if they do not focus on improving their ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gateward|first=Frances K.|author2=Murray Pomerance|author2-link = Murray Pomerance |title=Sugar, spice, and everything nice: cinemas of girlhood|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8143-2918-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywsajx7jqAMC&q=nerd+girl&pg=PA239|access-date=2009-07-23}}</ref>
==Characteristics==
The stereotypical nerd is intelligent but socially and physically awkward. In film and television depictions, nerds are disproportionately ]s with ] and ].<ref>Lori Kendall. "OH NO! I'M A NERD!": Hegemonic Masculinity on an Online Forum. ''Gender Society''. '''14''':256. (2000)</ref><ref>Ron Eglash. Race, Sex, and Nerds. ''Social Text''. '''20:''' 49 (2002) </ref> It has been suggested by some, such as linguist Mary Bucholtz, that being a nerd may be a state of being "hyperwhite" and rejecting ] and ] that "cool" white children use.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/29/magazine/29wwln-idealab-t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&oref=slogin|title= Who’s a Nerd, Anyway? |accessdate=2007-07-28 |author=Benjamin Nugent|date=July 29, 2007|work=New York Times Magazine|}}</ref> However, after the introduction of the ] character on the television series '']'', nerds have been seen in all races and colors, especially, in recent years as a recurring young ] male stereotype. Further, the term and its use predate the popularity of African-American behavior mimickry in some whites, which did not really take off in significant levels until the early 1990's. Also, many popular whites haven't acted or dressed in an African-American style at all, such as the grunge trend, for example.


In the United States, a 2010 study published in the ''Journal of International and Intercultural Communication'' indicated that ] are perceived as most likely to be nerds, followed by ], while non-White ] and ] were perceived as least likely to be nerds. These stereotypes stem from concepts of ] and ], as discussed in Ron Eglash's essay "Race, Sex, and Nerds: From Black Geeks to Asian American Hipsters".<ref>Eglash, R. 'Race, Sex, And Nerds: FROM BLACK GEEKS TO ASIAN AMERICAN HIPSTERS'. ''Social Text'' 20.2 71 (2002): 49–64. Web. 11 Dec. 2015.</ref>
They typically appear either to lack confidence or to be indifferent or oblivious to the negative perceptions held of them by others, with the result that they become frequent objects of scorn, ridicule, ], and ]. They show a pronounced interest in subjects which others tend to find dull or complex and difficult to comprehend, especially topics related to ], ], ] and ]. Nerds are often portrayed as either obese or incredibly thin. They are also stereotyped to playing ] such as ], ], and other things relating to ] and ]. They are also stereotyped for being obsessed with Star Trek and other sci fi shows or movies.


Some of the stereotypical behaviors associated with the "nerd" stereotype have correlations with the traits of ] or other ] conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aspergers101.com/high-functioning-autism-vs-asperers-syndrome/|title = High-Functioning Autism vs. Asperger Syndrome| date=15 October 2013 }}</ref>
==Nerds and Asperger syndrome==
Many traits associated with the nerd stereotype, in particular an unusual penchant for accumulating highly specialized or technical knowledge, impaired social ability and/or occasionally poor ], are characteristics of ], an ]. The existence of the nerd concept in popular consciousness might be attributed to a tendency for certain behavioral and cognitive predispositions to covary, which at the extreme results in forms of autism. In support of this possibility, studies using a measure of autistic tendencies, the ] (AQ) developed by ], find that occupations commonly linked to the nerd stereotype, especially fields of science and engineering, are associated with elevated AQ,<ref>S. Baron-Cohen, S. Wheelwright, R. Skinner, J. Martin and E. Clubley, , ''Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders'' '''31''', 5-17 (2001)</ref> with the highest average AQ seen among computer scientists, mathematicians and physicists. Other studies have found associations between heightened AQ and prenatal ] exposure<ref>Rebecca Knickmeyer, Simon Baron-Cohen, Briony A. Fane, Sally Wheelwright, Greta A. Mathews, Gerard S. Conway, Charles G.D. Brook and Melissa Hines. Androgens and autistic traits: A study of individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ''Hormones and Behavior'', '''50''', 148-153 (2006)</ref> as well as genetic factors,<ref>Francesca Happe, Patrick Bolton, Lee M. Butcher, et al. Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: a twin study. ''Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry'' '''45''':691 (2006)</ref> suggesting a distinct genetic and developmental basis for traits associated with the nerd stereotype.


===Pride===
==Contemporary pride==
The rise of ] and the American ] industry at large has allowed many so-called "nerdy people" to accumulate large fortunes and influence media culture. Many stereotypically nerdy interests, such as ], ] and ] works, are now international popular culture hits.<ref>{{cite news|last=Woyke|first=Elizabeth|title=Celebrity Nerds Come Out|url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/09/19/celebrity-geeks-gadgets-tech-personal-cx_ew_0919celeb.html|access-date=26 June 2012|newspaper=Forbes|date=19 September 2008}}</ref> Some measures of nerdiness are now allegedly considered desirable, as, to some, it suggests a person who is intelligent, respectful, interesting, and able to earn a large salary. Stereotypical nerd qualities are evolving, going from awkwardness and ] to an allegedly more widespread acceptance and sometimes even celebration of their differences.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cringely|first=Robert|title=Triumph of the Nerds: A History of the Computer|url=https://www.pbs.org/nerds/timeline/micro.html|access-date=26 June 2012|newspaper=Public Broadcasting Service}}</ref>
The ] movie '']'' explored the concept of "nerd pride" to comical effect. '']'' regular ] claims this was the movie that inspired him to become "The Genuine Nerd from ]".<ref>{{Citation | last = Hensley | first = Dennis | author-link = http://www.dennishensley.com | title = Revenge of the nerd: American Splendor's Toby Radloff is out and proud about his sexuality and his nerddom | magazine = The Advocate | date = 2003-09-02 | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2003_Sept_2/ai_110737685}}</ref> In the ], Toby's friend, ''American Splendor'' author ], was less receptive to the movie, believing it to be hopelessly idealistic. Many seem to share Radloff's view as "nerd pride" has become more widespread in the years since.


], researcher, self-proclaimed nerd and director of nerd documentary '']'', reflects on the emergence of nerds and nerd culture:
The popular computer-news website ] uses the ] "News for nerds. Stuff that matters." Similarly, the ] quote "Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one" has been popularized on the Internet and incorrectly attributed to ].<ref>{{Citation | last = Mikkelson | first = Barbara | last2 = Mikkelson | first2 = David P. | title = Some Rules Kids Won't Learn in School | year = 2000 | url = http://www.snopes.com/language/document/liferule.asp | accessdate = 2007-07-22 }}</ref>
{{blockquote|I think that the figure of the nerd provides a beautiful template for analyzing the transformation of the disciplinary society into the control society. The nerd, in his cliche form, first stepped out upon the world stage in the mid-1970s, when we were beginning to hear the first rumblings of what would become the Cambrian explosion of the information society. The nerd must serve as comic relief for the future-anxieties of Western society. ...The germ cell of burgeoning nerdism is difference. The yearning to be understood, to find opportunities to share experiences, to not be left alone with one's bizarre interest. At the same time one derives an almost perverse pleasure from wallowing in this deficit. Nerds love deficiency: that of the other, but also their own. Nerds are eager explorers, who enjoy measuring themselves against one another and also compete aggressively. And yet the nerd's existence also comprises an element of the occult, of mystery. The way in which this power is expressed or focused is very important.|Johannes Grenzfurthner, interviewed by Thomas Kaestle, '']'', 14 April 2016<ref>{{cite news|url=http://boingboing.net/2016/04/14/the-story-of-traceroute-about.html|title=The story of Traceroute, about a Leitnerd's quest: Johannes Grenzfurthner talks about Traceroute|publisher=]|first=Thomas|last=Kaestle|date=14 April 2016|access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref>}}


In the 1984 film '']'', ] worked to embody the nerd stereotype; in doing so, he helped create a definitive image of nerds.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Singer | first = Jon | title = Carradine hits the jackpot as Lewis Skolnick | magazine = Lumino | date = 2005-08-28 | url = http://www.luminomagazine.com/mw/content/view/341/10/ | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160101085415/http://www.luminomagazine.com/mw/content/view/341/10/ | archive-date = 2016-01-01 }}</ref> Additionally, the storyline presaged, and may have helped inspire, the "nerd pride" that emerged in the late 1990s.{{speculation inline|date=November 2021}} '']'' regular ] claims this was the movie that inspired him to become "The Genuine Nerd from ]."<ref>{{Cite news | last = Hensley | first = Dennis | title = Revenge of the nerd: American Splendor's Toby Radloff is out and proud about his sexuality and his nerddom | magazine = The Advocate | date = 2003-09-02 | url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2003_Sept_2/ai_110737685 | access-date = 22 July 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071117062557/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2003_Sept_2/ai_110737685 | archive-date = 17 November 2007 | url-status = dead }}</ref> In the ''American Splendor'' film, Toby's friend, ''American Splendor'' author ], was less receptive to the movie, believing it to be hopelessly idealistic, explaining that Toby, an adult low income file clerk, had nothing in common with the middle class kids in the film who would eventually attain college degrees, success, and cease being perceived as nerds. Many, however, seem to share Radloff's view, as "nerd pride" has become more widespread in the years since. ] professor ], for example, seeks to instill pride in nerds:
] professor ] aims to instill pride in nerds:
<blockquote>"My idea is to present an image to children that it is good to be intellectual, and not to care about the peer pressures to be anti-intellectual. I want every child to turn into a nerd - where that means someone who prefers studying and learning to competing for social dominance, which can unfortunately cause the downward spiral into social rejection."</blockquote> {{blockquote|My idea is to present an image to children that it is good to be intellectual, and not to care about the peer pressures to be anti-intellectual. I want every child to turn into a nerd – where that means someone who prefers studying and learning to competing for social dominance, which can unfortunately cause the downward spiral into social rejection.|Gerald Sussman, quoted by Katie Hafner, '']'', 29 August 1993<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/29/business/woman-computer-nerd-and-proud.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Woman, Computer Nerd – and Proud|newspaper=]|first=Katie|last=Hafner|date=29 August 1993|access-date=11 June 2011}}</ref>}}
:: &mdash; Gerald Sussman, quoted by Katie Hafner, '']'', ] ]


=== Bullying ===
] has been observed on ] in ] since 2006. The holiday tries to vindicate the right to be a nerd and to express it in public without shame.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}
Individuals who are labeled as "nerds" are often the target of ] due to a range of reasons that may include physical appearance or social background.<ref name=":1" /> Paul Graham has suggested that the reason nerds are frequently singled out for bullying is their indifference to popularity or social context, in the face of a youth culture that views popularity as paramount.<ref name=":0" /> However, research findings suggest that bullies are often as socially inept as their academically better-performing victims,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nicholson|first=Christie|date=2010-07-10|title=Bully or Victim? More Similar Than We Might Think|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/bully-or-victim-more-similar-than-w-10-07-10|journal=Scientific American (Supplemental Podcast)|access-date=2017-07-06}}</ref> and that popularity fails to confer protection from bullying.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/04/01/297700322/being-popular-doesn-t-protect-kids-from-bullying-in-high-school|title=Becoming More Popular Doesn't Protect Teens From Bullying|access-date=2017-07-06|author=Mannvi Singh|date=April 1, 2014|work=NPR Health Shots – Health News From NPR}}</ref> Other commentators have pointed out that pervasive harassment of intellectually-oriented youth began only in the mid-twentieth century.<ref>{{cite web|last=Evans|first=RJ|title=A Short Illustrated History of the Nerd|url=http://www.kuriositas.com/2011/06/short-illustrated-history-of-nerd.html|access-date=2017-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Thanks Always Returns|title=The origin of nerds|url=http://www.thanksalwaysreturns.net/TheOriginOfNerds.html|access-date=2017-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907033545/http://www.thanksalwaysreturns.net/TheOriginOfNerds.html|archive-date=7 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==In popular culture==
An episode from the animated series '']'' titled "Nerdator" has a plot line that involves the use of nerds to power the mind of a ]-like enemy, who delivers a memorable monologue on the importance of nerds:{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
*'']'' by ], a parody of the song '']'' by ], prominently features and celebrates aspects of nerd culture.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Williams|first1=Justin A.|title=The Cambridge Companion to Hip-Hop|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107037465|page=227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ha0PBgAAQBAJ&q=White+%26+Nerdy+weird+al+parody&pg=PA227}}</ref>
*] uses the ] "News for nerds. Stuff that matters." The ] quote "Be nice to nerds. You may end up working for them." has been popularized on the Internet and incorrectly attributed to ].<ref>{{Cite web | last1 = Mikkelson | first1 = Barbara | last2 = Mikkelson | first2 = David P. | title = Some Rules Kids Won't Learn in School | year = 2000 | url = http://www.snopes.com/language/document/liferule.asp | access-date = 2007-07-22 }}</ref>
*In Spain, ] has been observed on May 25 since 2006,<ref name="celebrate">{{cite web | url=http://www.forevergeek.com/2010/05/celebrate_geek_pride_day_2010/ | title=Celebrate Geek Pride Day 2010 | date=24 May 2010 | access-date=20 April 2014 | author=Tassara-Twigg, Noemi | archive-date=21 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064142/http://www.forevergeek.com/2010/05/celebrate_geek_pride_day_2010/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> the same day as ], another somewhat nerdy holiday.<ref name="geek/nerd">{{cite web | url=http://newsok.com/happy-geeknerd-pride-day/article/3792939 | title=Happy Geek/Nerd Pride Day! | publisher=NewsOK.com | date=25 May 2010 | access-date=20 April 2014 | author=Price, Matthew}}</ref> The date was picked as it is the anniversary of the release of '']''.<ref name="Helmenstine">{{cite web | url=http://chemistry.about.com/b/2012/05/25/happy-geek-pride-day-2.htm | title=Happy Geek Pride Day! | publisher=About.com | date=25 May 2012 | access-date=20 April 2014 | author=Helmenstine, Anne Marie | archive-date=21 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064411/http://chemistry.about.com/b/2012/05/25/happy-geek-pride-day-2.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Australian events such as Oz Comic-Con (a large ] and ] convention, similar to ]) and Supernova, are incredibly popular events among the culture of people who identify themselves as nerds. In 2016, Oz Comic-Con in ] saw almost 20,000 cosplayers and comic book fans meet to celebrate the event, hence being named a "professionally organised ] for geeks".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-01/fans-embrace-comic-con-perth/7293654|title=Fantasy fans to flock Perth Oz Comic-Con spectacle|date=2016-04-01|website=ABC News|language=en-AU|access-date=2016-05-16}}</ref>
*Fans of the ] (a ] channel starring ] and ]) call themselves "nerdfighters" and refer to the fan base as a whole as "]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/a-note-on-nerdfighters|title=A Note on Nerdfighters|date=March 13, 2013|magazine=The New Yorker|access-date=September 20, 2020}}</ref>


==See also==
:"…what they lack in physical strength they make up in brain power. Who writes all the best selling books? Nerds. Who directs the top grossing ] movies? Nerds. Who creates the highly advanced technology that only they can understand? ...Nerds. And who are the people who run for the high office of the Presidency? No one but nerds."
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical ♦♦♦--->
*'']''
*]
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{{div col end}}


==References==
The Danish reality TV show '']'', created by ] established a format wherein a team of nerds after two or three months training competes with a professional ] team. The internationally franchised format is generally known as '']'', and is broadcast in Australia under the title '']''.


{{Reflist}}
] is a genre of hip hop music that has risen in popularity over the last few years. Nerdcore typically express nerd themes often with pride and humor. Notable artists include ], ], ], ], and ]. ] has also recorded "]". The term "nerdcore" has seen wider application to refer to ] (most notably ], ], ], and ]) and other media that express nerd themes uninhibited.{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

==Notes and references==
{{reflist|2}}

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* '']'', a short film about Nerds
* '']'', a ] film about college nerds' revenge on the jocks
* '']''


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|last= Bucholtz |first= Mary|title= 'Why be normal?': Language and identity practices in a community of nerd girls |journal=Language in Society |year=1999|volume=28 |issue= 2|pages= 203–23|author-link=Mary Bucholtz |doi= 10.1017/s0047404599002043|doi-broken-date= 1 November 2024|url= https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt73c1p4j9/qt73c1p4j9.pdf|doi-access= free}}
* Tocci, Jason. "" (Paper given at the . PDF, 180kb).
* {{cite book|last=Frayling |first= Christopher|title=Mad, Bad And Dangerous?: The Scientist and the Cinema |year= 2005 |publisher= Reaktion Books |author-link= Christopher Frayling}}
* Kendall, Lori. "'The Nerd Within': Mass Media and the Negotiation of Identity Among Computer-Using Men." ''Journal of Men's Studies'', 7(3) (1999): 353-69.
* – Feature-length documentary on Toby Radloff.
* Kendall, Lori. "Nerd Nation: Images of Nerds in U.S. Popular Culture." ''International Journal of Cultural Studies'', Vol. 2, No. 2, 260-283 (1999)
* {{cite journal |last = Kendall |first = Lori |year= 1999 |title= 'The Nerd Within': Mass Media and the Negotiation of Identity Among Computer-Using Men |journal=] |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 353–69|doi = 10.3149/jms.0703.353 |s2cid = 144398035 }}
* Kendall, Lori. "'Oh No! I'm a Nerd!': Hegemonic Masculinity on an Online Forum." ''Gender & Society'', 14 (2) (2000): 256-274.
* {{cite journal |last = Kendall |first = Lori | author-mask = 3 |year= 1999 |title= Nerd Nation: Images of Nerds in U.S. Popular Culture |journal= International Journal of Cultural Studies |volume= 2 |issue= 2 |pages= 260–83 |doi= 10.1177/136787799900200206|s2cid = 146186669 }}

* {{cite journal |last =Kendall |first = Lori | author-mask = 3 |year= 2000 |title= 'Oh No! I'm a Nerd!': Hegemonic Masculinity on an Online Forum |journal= Gender & Society |volume= 14 |issue= 2 |pages=256–74 |doi= 10.1177/089124300014002003|s2cid = 145705135 }}
===Female nerds===
* Bucholtz, Mary. ""Why be normal?": Language and identity practices in a community of nerd girls." ''Language in Society'' (1999), 28: 203-223. Cambridge University Press.
* Newitz, A. & Anders, C. (Eds) ''She's Such a Geek: Women Write About Science, Technology, and Other Nerdy Stuff''. Seal Press, 2006. * Newitz, A. & Anders, C. (Eds) ''She's Such a Geek: Women Write About Science, Technology, and Other Nerdy Stuff''. Seal Press, 2006.
* {{cite book |last= Nugent |first= Benjamin |title= American Nerd: The Story of My People |year= 2008 |publisher= Scribner |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-7432-8801-9 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/americannerdstor00nuge }}
* {{Citation | last = Okada | first = Toshio | title = Otaku Gaku Nyumon | language = ja |trans-title=Introduction to ]ology | publisher = Ohta Verlag | place = Tokyo | year = 1996}}.


===In Japan=== ==External links==
{{wiktionary|nerd}}
* '''' (PDF, 366kb). Japan, 2004.
<!-- Wikipedians: because of recent spam-links (a form of Misplaced Pages vandalism), please discuss external links on the talk page first. Thanks. -->
* Okada, Toshio. ''Otaku Gaku Nyumon'' (Translated: 'Introduction to ]ology'). Ohta Verlag. Tokyo, 1996.
* "" (Paper by Jason Tocci presented at the MIT5 conference. PDF, 180kb).
* , an essay by ] about the conformist society in American high schools.
* , an article by Brian Hayes in ''],'' September–October 2000.


{{Fandom}}
===Substantial cinema-released documentaries===
* '''' (2004) (A feature-length documentary on U.S. fanzine editors).
* '''' (2006) (Feature-length documentary on Toby Radloff).


{{Authority control}}
===Background material===
* Frayling, Christopher. ''Mad, Bad And Dangerous?: The Scientist and the Cinema''. Reaktion Books, 2005.

==External links==
<!-- Wikipedians: because of recent spam-links (a form of Misplaced Pages vandalism), please discuss external links on the talk page first. Thanks. -->
* A discussion forum for nerds.
* An essay by Paul Graham about the conformist society in American highschools.
* Graphic design project about nerds.
* A short description of the differences between geeks and nerds.
* , an article in the ]


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Latest revision as of 01:53, 20 December 2024

Descriptive term For other uses, see Nerd (disambiguation).

A nerd is a person seen as overly intellectual, obsessive, introverted, or lacking social skills. Such a person may spend inordinate amounts of time on unpopular, little known, or non-mainstream activities, which are generally either highly technical, abstract, or relating to niche topics such as science fiction or fantasy, to the exclusion of more mainstream activities. Additionally, many so-called nerds are described as being shy, quirky, pedantic, and unattractive.

Originally derogatory, the term "nerd" was a stereotype, but as with other pejoratives, it has been reclaimed and redefined by some as a term of pride and group identity.

Etymology

The first documented appearance of the word nerd is as the name of a creature in Dr. Seuss's book If I Ran the Zoo (1950), in which the narrator Gerald McGrew claims that he would collect "a Nerkle, a Nerd, and a Seersucker too" for his imaginary zoo. The slang meaning of the term dates to 1951. That year, Newsweek magazine reported on its popular use as a synonym for drip or square in Detroit, Michigan. By the early 1960s, usage of the term had spread throughout the United States, and even as far as Scotland. At some point, the word took on connotations of bookishness and social ineptitude.

An alternate spelling, as nurd or gnurd, also began to appear in the mid-1960s, or early 1970s. Author Philip K. Dick claimed to have coined the "nurd" spelling in 1973, but its first recorded use appeared in a 1965 student publication at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). Oral tradition there holds that the word is derived from knurd (drunk spelled backwards), which was used to describe people who studied rather than partied. The term gnurd (spelled with the "g") was in use at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by the year 1965. The term "nurd" was also in use at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as early as 1971.

According to Online Etymology Dictionary, the word is an alteration of the 1940s term "nert" (meaning "stupid or crazy person"), which is in itself an alteration of "nut" (nutcase).

The term was popularized in the 1970s by its heavy use in the sitcom Happy Days.

Culture

Stereotype

Because of the nerd stereotype, many intelligent people are often thought of as nerdy. This belief can be harmful, as it can cause high-school students to "switch off their lights" out of fear of being branded as a nerd, and cause otherwise appealing people to be considered nerdy simply for their intellect. It was once thought that intellectuals were nerdy because they were envied. However, Paul Graham stated in his essay, "Why Nerds are Unpopular", that intellect is neutral, meaning that you are neither loved nor despised for it. He also states that it is only the correlation that makes smart teens automatically seem nerdy, and that a nerd is someone that is not socially adept enough. Additionally, he says that the reason why many smart kids are unpopular is that they "don't have time for the activities required for popularity."

Stereotypical nerd appearance, often lampooned in caricatures, can include very large glasses, dental braces, buck teeth, severe acne and pants worn high at the waist. Following suit of popular use in emoticons, Unicode released in 2015 its "Nerd Face" character, featuring some of those stereotypes: 🤓 (code point U+1F913). In the media, many nerds are males, portrayed as being physically unfit, either overweight or skinny due to lack of physical exercise. It has been suggested by some, such as linguist Mary Bucholtz, that being a nerd may be a state of being "hyperwhite" and rejecting African-American culture and slang that "cool" white children use. However, after the Revenge of the Nerds movie franchise (with multicultural nerds), and the introduction of the Steve Urkel character on the television series Family Matters, nerds have been seen in all races and colors as well as more recently being a frequent young East Asian or Indian male stereotype in North America. Portrayal of "nerd girls", in films such as She's Out of Control, Welcome to the Dollhouse and She's All That depicts that smart but nerdy women might suffer later in life if they do not focus on improving their physical attractiveness.

In the United States, a 2010 study published in the Journal of International and Intercultural Communication indicated that Asian Americans are perceived as most likely to be nerds, followed by White Americans, while non-White Hispanics and African Americans were perceived as least likely to be nerds. These stereotypes stem from concepts of Orientalism and Primitivism, as discussed in Ron Eglash's essay "Race, Sex, and Nerds: From Black Geeks to Asian American Hipsters".

Some of the stereotypical behaviors associated with the "nerd" stereotype have correlations with the traits of Asperger syndrome or other autism spectrum conditions.

Pride

The rise of Silicon Valley and the American computer industry at large has allowed many so-called "nerdy people" to accumulate large fortunes and influence media culture. Many stereotypically nerdy interests, such as superhero, fantasy and science fiction works, are now international popular culture hits. Some measures of nerdiness are now allegedly considered desirable, as, to some, it suggests a person who is intelligent, respectful, interesting, and able to earn a large salary. Stereotypical nerd qualities are evolving, going from awkwardness and social ostracism to an allegedly more widespread acceptance and sometimes even celebration of their differences.

Johannes Grenzfurthner, researcher, self-proclaimed nerd and director of nerd documentary Traceroute, reflects on the emergence of nerds and nerd culture:

I think that the figure of the nerd provides a beautiful template for analyzing the transformation of the disciplinary society into the control society. The nerd, in his cliche form, first stepped out upon the world stage in the mid-1970s, when we were beginning to hear the first rumblings of what would become the Cambrian explosion of the information society. The nerd must serve as comic relief for the future-anxieties of Western society. ...The germ cell of burgeoning nerdism is difference. The yearning to be understood, to find opportunities to share experiences, to not be left alone with one's bizarre interest. At the same time one derives an almost perverse pleasure from wallowing in this deficit. Nerds love deficiency: that of the other, but also their own. Nerds are eager explorers, who enjoy measuring themselves against one another and also compete aggressively. And yet the nerd's existence also comprises an element of the occult, of mystery. The way in which this power is expressed or focused is very important.

— Johannes Grenzfurthner, interviewed by Thomas Kaestle, Boing Boing, 14 April 2016

In the 1984 film Revenge of the Nerds, Robert Carradine worked to embody the nerd stereotype; in doing so, he helped create a definitive image of nerds. Additionally, the storyline presaged, and may have helped inspire, the "nerd pride" that emerged in the late 1990s. American Splendor regular Toby Radloff claims this was the movie that inspired him to become "The Genuine Nerd from Cleveland, Ohio." In the American Splendor film, Toby's friend, American Splendor author Harvey Pekar, was less receptive to the movie, believing it to be hopelessly idealistic, explaining that Toby, an adult low income file clerk, had nothing in common with the middle class kids in the film who would eventually attain college degrees, success, and cease being perceived as nerds. Many, however, seem to share Radloff's view, as "nerd pride" has become more widespread in the years since. MIT professor Gerald Sussman, for example, seeks to instill pride in nerds:

My idea is to present an image to children that it is good to be intellectual, and not to care about the peer pressures to be anti-intellectual. I want every child to turn into a nerd – where that means someone who prefers studying and learning to competing for social dominance, which can unfortunately cause the downward spiral into social rejection.

— Gerald Sussman, quoted by Katie Hafner, The New York Times, 29 August 1993

Bullying

Individuals who are labeled as "nerds" are often the target of bullying due to a range of reasons that may include physical appearance or social background. Paul Graham has suggested that the reason nerds are frequently singled out for bullying is their indifference to popularity or social context, in the face of a youth culture that views popularity as paramount. However, research findings suggest that bullies are often as socially inept as their academically better-performing victims, and that popularity fails to confer protection from bullying. Other commentators have pointed out that pervasive harassment of intellectually-oriented youth began only in the mid-twentieth century.

In popular culture

  • White & Nerdy by "Weird Al" Yankovic, a parody of the song Ridin' by Chamillionaire, prominently features and celebrates aspects of nerd culture.
  • Slashdot uses the tagline "News for nerds. Stuff that matters." The Charles J. Sykes quote "Be nice to nerds. You may end up working for them." has been popularized on the Internet and incorrectly attributed to Bill Gates.
  • In Spain, Nerd Pride Day has been observed on May 25 since 2006, the same day as Towel Day, another somewhat nerdy holiday. The date was picked as it is the anniversary of the release of Star Wars.
  • Australian events such as Oz Comic-Con (a large comic book and cosplay convention, similar to San Diego Comic-Con) and Supernova, are incredibly popular events among the culture of people who identify themselves as nerds. In 2016, Oz Comic-Con in Perth saw almost 20,000 cosplayers and comic book fans meet to celebrate the event, hence being named a "professionally organised Woodstock for geeks".
  • Fans of the Vlogbrothers (a YouTube channel starring John and Hank Green) call themselves "nerdfighters" and refer to the fan base as a whole as "Nerdfighteria".

See also

References

  1. "Nerd | Define Nerd at Dictionary.com", "Dictionary.com, LLC" 2011, accessed May 13, 2011.
  2. nerd, n. Oxford English Dictionary online. Third edition, September 2003; online version September 2011. First included in Oxford English Dictionary second edition, 1989.
  3. ^ "Definition of NERD", Merriam-Webster, 2011, retrieved 23 November 2011
  4. DA Kinney (1993). "From nerds to normals: The recovery of identity among adolescents from middle school to high school". Sociology of Education. 66 (1): 21–40. doi:10.2307/2112783. ISSN 0038-0407. JSTOR 2112783.
  5. Tracy L. Cross (2005). "Nerds and Geeks: Society's Evolving Stereotypes of Our Students With Gifts and Talents". Social/Emotional Needs. 28 (4).
  6. ^ American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition, p. 1212, Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston – New York – London, 1992.
  7. Geisel, Theodor Seuss, If I Ran the Zoo, p. 47, Random House Books for Young Readers. New York, 1950.
  8. ^ Harper, Douglas. "nerd". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  9. Newsweek 'Jelly Tot, Square Bear-Man!' (1951-10-8), p. 28
  10. Gregory J. Marsh in Special Collections at the Swarthmore College library as reported in Humanist Discussion Group Archived 2008-01-31 at the Wayback Machine (1990-6-28) Vol. 4, No. 0235.
  11. Glasgow, Scotland, Sunday Mail (1957-02-10).
  12. The many spellings of Nurd, Fall 1970 (revised online 2015)
  13. Current Slang: A Quarterly Glossary of Slang Expressions Currently In Use (1971). Vol. V, No. 4, Spring 1971, p. 17
  14. Personal Correspondence (1973-9-4) reported on the web
  15. RPI Bachelor (1965), V14 #1
  16. More Mathematical People (D.J. Albers, J.L. Alexanderson and C. Reid), p. 105 (1990). Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.
  17. "Johnson honors Nurd for saving Institute" (PDF), The Daily Reamer, Volume 69, No. 20, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, p. 6, 3 February 1971, archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2020, retrieved 14 May 2014.
  18. Fantle, David; Johnson, Tom (November 2003), ""Nerd" is the Word: Henry Winkler, August 1981", Reel to Real: 25 Years of Celebrity Interviews, Badger Books Inc., pp. 239–242
  19. Anderegg, Mr (12 January 2008). "In Praise of Nerds". The Economist.
  20. ^ Graham, Paul. "Why Nerds are Unpopular".
  21. ^ Lori Kendall. "OH NO! I'M A NERD!": Hegemonic Masculinity on an Online Forum. Gender Society. 14: 256. (2000)
  22. Ron Eglash. Race, Sex, and Nerds. Social Text. 20: 49 (2002)
  23. Benjamin Nugent (29 July 2007). "Who's a Nerd, Anyway?". The New York Times Magazine. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
  24. Gateward, Frances K.; Murray Pomerance (2002). Sugar, spice, and everything nice: cinemas of girlhood. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2918-4. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  25. Eglash, R. 'Race, Sex, And Nerds: FROM BLACK GEEKS TO ASIAN AMERICAN HIPSTERS'. Social Text 20.2 71 (2002): 49–64. Web. 11 Dec. 2015.
  26. "High-Functioning Autism vs. Asperger Syndrome". 15 October 2013.
  27. Woyke, Elizabeth (19 September 2008). "Celebrity Nerds Come Out". Forbes. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  28. Cringely, Robert. "Triumph of the Nerds: A History of the Computer". Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  29. Kaestle, Thomas (14 April 2016). "The story of Traceroute, about a Leitnerd's quest: Johannes Grenzfurthner talks about Traceroute". Boing Boing. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
  30. Singer, Jon (28 August 2005). "Carradine hits the jackpot as Lewis Skolnick". Lumino. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016.
  31. Hensley, Dennis (2 September 2003). "Revenge of the nerd: American Splendor's Toby Radloff is out and proud about his sexuality and his nerddom". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2007.
  32. Hafner, Katie (29 August 1993). "Woman, Computer Nerd – and Proud". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2011.
  33. Nicholson, Christie (10 July 2010). "Bully or Victim? More Similar Than We Might Think". Scientific American (Supplemental Podcast). Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  34. Mannvi Singh (1 April 2014). "Becoming More Popular Doesn't Protect Teens From Bullying". NPR Health Shots – Health News From NPR. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  35. Evans, RJ. "A Short Illustrated History of the Nerd". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  36. Thanks Always Returns. "The origin of nerds". Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  37. Williams, Justin A. (2015). The Cambridge Companion to Hip-Hop. Cambridge University Press. p. 227. ISBN 9781107037465.
  38. Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (2000). "Some Rules Kids Won't Learn in School". Retrieved 22 July 2007.
  39. Tassara-Twigg, Noemi (24 May 2010). "Celebrate Geek Pride Day 2010". Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  40. Price, Matthew (25 May 2010). "Happy Geek/Nerd Pride Day!". NewsOK.com. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  41. Helmenstine, Anne Marie (25 May 2012). "Happy Geek Pride Day!". About.com. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
  42. "Fantasy fans to flock Perth Oz Comic-Con spectacle". ABC News. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  43. "A Note on Nerdfighters". The New Yorker. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2020.

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