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{{short description|Salutation or greeting}}
<noinclude>{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}</noinclude>
{{Other uses|Hello (disambiguation)}}
{{wiktionarypar|hello}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{otheruses|Hello (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
'''Hello''' is a ] or ] in the ] and is ]ous with other greetings such as '']'' or '']''. ''Hello'' was recorded in dictionaries in ]. <ref name="etym">
]
{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hello&searchmode=none|title=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>
'''Hello''' is a ] or ] in the English language. It is first attested in writing from 1826.<ref name="oed-hello">{{cite OED|term=hello|id=85687}}</ref>


==First use== ==Early uses==
''Hello'', with that spelling, was used in publications in the U.S. as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the '']'' of ].<ref name="oed-hello"/> Another early use was an 1833 American book called ''The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee'',<ref>(Anonymous). New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833. p. 144.</ref> which was reprinted that same year in '']''.<ref> '' The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c.'' No. 883: 21 December 1833. p. 803.</ref> The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.<ref> Origin of the word.</ref>
Many stories date the first use of ''hello'' (with that spelling) to around the time of the invention of the ] in 1876.
It was, however, used in print in '']'' by ] in 1872 (written between 1870 and 1871), <ref>{{cite web|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/railton/roughingit/rihp.html|title=Roughing It|publisher=UVa Library}}</ref> so its first use must have predated the telephone:

"A miner came out and said: 'Hello!"

Earlier uses can be found back to ] <ref>
{{cite book |last= Foster |first= George G |title= New York in Slices |url= http://name.umdl.umich.edu/AJA2254.0001.001 |accessdate= 2006-08-15 |year= 1849 |publisher= W. F. Burgess|location= New York |pages= }}</ref> and ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/|title=Google books}}</ref>:

"We meet the boys here, and it is "Hello, George," or "Hello, Jim." We slap the judge of the supreme court on the back with a "Hello, Joe, how are you?"<ref>
{{cite book |last= Lester |first= Charles Edwards |title= The Artists of America: A Series of Biographical Sketches of American Artists with Portraits and Designs on Steel |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=IiUEAAAAYAAJ |accessdate= 2007-10-18 |year= 1846 |publisher= Baker & Scribner |location= New York |pages= }}</ref>

It was listed in dictionaries by 1883. <ref name="etym">
{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hello&searchmode=none|title=Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref>

The word was extensively used in literature by the ]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/|title=Google books}}</ref> Two early uses of ''hello'' can be found as far back as ]. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/|title=Google books}}</ref>

*''Report on the trade in foreign corn, and on the agriculture of the north of Europe.'' by William Jacob, 1826. page 213
"On this occasion she switched it on to a patient who was awake and who merely said 'Hello Sister, what's the matter with you...'"

*''The Every-day Book: Or Everlasting Calendar of Popular Amusements, Sports, Pastime, Ceremonies,...''By William Hone, 1826 Page 1370
"Then hello boys! Hello boys! Shout and huzz...."


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
According to the '']'', ''hello'' is an alteration of ''hallo'', ''hollo'',<ref name="oed-hello"/> which came from ] "''halâ'', ''holâ'', emphatic imperative of ''halôn'', ''holôn'' to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman".<ref>{{cite OED|term=hallo|id=83588}}</ref> It also connects the development of ''hello'' to the influence of an earlier form, ''holla'', whose origin is in the French ''holà'' (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French ''là'' 'there').<ref>{{cite OED|term=holla|id=87735}}</ref> As in addition to ''hello'', ''halloo'',<ref>Butler, Mann, '''', Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106.</ref> ''hallo'', ''hollo'', ''hullo'' and (rarely) ''hillo'' also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hollo|title=Definition of HOLLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com|date=23 September 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo|title=Definition of HULLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hillo|title=Definition of HILLO|website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref>
There are many different theories to the origins of the word. It might be a ] of ] ] "''whole be thou''". <ref>{{cite book |author=Bryson, Bill|title=Mother Tongue: English & How It Got That Way |url=http://www.ralphmag.org/mothertongue.html}}</ref> Another source has been suggested to be the phrase "''Hail, Thou''", as used in some translations of the ''Bible'' (see ''Luke 1:28'' and ''Matthew 27:14'' for examples). {{Fact|date=September 2007}} <!-- The fact reference needed is who suggested the "Hail, Thou" theory. -->


===Telephone=== ===Telephone===
Before the telephone, verbal greetings often involved a time of day, such as "good morning". When the telephone began connecting people in different time zones, greetings without time gained popularity.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCulloch |first=Gretchen |title=Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language |date=23 July 2019 |publisher=Riverhead |isbn=978-0735210936 |pages=201–202}}</ref>
The word ''hello'' has also been credited to ], specifically as a way to greet someone when answering the ]; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard ''Hullo''. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507|title=The First “Hello!”: Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2|author=Allen Koenigsberg|publisher=Antique Phonograph Magazine, Vol.VIII No.6|accessdate=2006-09-13}}</ref> ] initially used '']'' (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|title=All Things Considered|author=Allen Koenigsberg|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=2006-09-13|date=1999}}</ref> However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T.B.A. David, the president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburg:

] is credited with popularizing ''hullo'' as a telephone greeting. In previous decades, ''hullo'' had been used as an exclamation of surprise (used early on by ] in 1850)<ref name="koenigsberg">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |title=The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2 |author=Allen Koenigsberg |magazine=Antique Phonograph Magazine |volume=VIII |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116211033/http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |archive-date=16 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and ''halloo'' was shouted at ferry boat operators by people who wanted to catch a ride.<ref name=":0" /> According to one account, ''halloo'' was the first word Edison yelled into his strip phonograph when he discovered recorded sound in 1877.<ref name="koenigsberg" /> Shortly after ] invented the telephone, he answered calls by saying "''] ahoy''", borrowing the term used on ships.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|title=All Things Considered|author=Allen Koenigsberg|publisher=National Public Radio|access-date=13 September 2006|year=1999|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309094200/http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|archive-date=9 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="etymology">{{Cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hello&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work=etymonline.com
|access-date=28 September 2010}}</ref> There is no evidence the greeting caught on.<ref name=":0" /> Edison suggested ''Hello!'' on August 15, 1877 in a letter to the president of ]'s Central District and Printing Telegraph Company, T. B. A. David:


"Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away. {{blockquote|Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away.
What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00." What you think? Edison – P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.<ref name=koenigsberg />}}


By ], central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' due to the association between the greeting and the telephone.<ref name="etym" /> The first name tags to include ''Hello'' may have 1880 at Niagara Falls, which was the site of the first telephone operators convention. By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as "]" because of the association between the greeting and the telephone.<ref name=etymology/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/05/garden/great-hello-mystery-is-solved.html|title=Great 'Hello' Mystery Is Solved|last=Grimes|first=William|date=5 March 1992|work=The New York Times|access-date=25 October 2017|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


A 1918 fiction novel uses the spelling "Halloa" in the context of telephone conversations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dehan |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FAMAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22halloa%22&pg=PA500 |title=That which Hath Wings: A Novel of the Day |date=1918 |publisher=G. P. Putnam |isbn=978-1-5332-9337-4 |language=en}}</ref>
The term "hello" is almost exclusively used when answering a phone call as of 2007.{{cn|date=October 2007}} The similar terms "hi" or "hey" are seldom used, unless the recipient has ] and knows it is their close friend calling.{{cn|date=October 2007}}


===Hullo=== ===Hullo, hallo, and other spellings===
{{Redirect|Hallo}}
''Hello'' may also be derived from ''Hullo''. ''Hullo'' was in use before ''hello'' and was used as a greeting and also an expression of surprise. ] uses it in Chapter 8 of '']'' in ] when Oliver meets ]:
''Hello'' might be derived from an older spelling variant, ''hullo'', which the American ] dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello",<ref name="MW">{{cite web |date=25 April 2007 |title=hullo – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo |access-date=26 September 2009 |publisher=Merriam-webster.com}}</ref> and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. ''Hullo'' is found in publications as early as 1803.<ref> London (1803). Volume 23, p. 12.</ref> The word ''hullo'' is still in use, with the meaning ''hello''.<ref name="hullo">{{cite web |title=Hullo From Orkney |url=http://forum.downsizer.net/archive/hullo-from-orkney__o_t__t_36387.html |access-date=26 September 2009 |publisher=Forum.downsizer.net}}</ref><ref name="hullo1">{{cite web |author=Piers Beckley |date=23 April 2008 |title=Writersroom Blog: Hullo again. Did you miss me? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/writersroom/2008/04/hullo_again.shtml |access-date=26 September 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="hullo2">{{cite news |date=16 July 2009 |title=Ashes: England v Australia – day one as it happened &#124; Andy Bull and Rob Smyth |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jul/16/ashes-england-australia-live-report |access-date=26 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="hullo3">{{cite news |date=14 April 2005 |title=Semi-final clash excites fans |publisher=BBC Sport |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4444713.stm |access-date=26 September 2009}}</ref>


''Hello'' is alternatively thought to come from the word ''hallo'' (1840) via ''hollo'' (also ''holla'', ''holloa'', ''halloo'', ''halloa'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hello|title=Hello|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> The definition of ''hollo'' is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a ] when the quarry was spotted:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hollo|title=Hollo|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iSg_AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22halloa%22&pg=PA127 |title=Baily's Magazine of Sports and Pastimes |date=1907 |publisher=Vinton |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref>
"Upon this, the boy crossed over; and walking close up to Oliver, said 'Hullo, my covey! What's the row?'"
{{blockquote|If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.|'']'' (I.viii.7), ]}}


] has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.<ref>''The New Fowler's'', revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, ]. {{ISBN|0-19-860263-4}}, p. 356.</ref> It is used by ]'s famous poem '']'' written in 1798:
It was in use in both senses by the time '']'' was published in 1857 (although the book was set in the 1830s so it may have been in use by then):
{{blockquote|
*"'Hullo though,' says East, pulling up, and taking another look at Tom; 'this'll never do...'"
And the good south wind still blew behind,<br />
*"Hullo, Brown! where do you come from?"
But no sweet bird did follow,<br />
Although much less common than it used to be, the word ''hullo'' is still in use, mainly in ].
Nor any day for food or play <br />
Came to the mariners' hollo!}}


In many ], including German, ], ], ] and ], "''hallo''" directly translates into English as "hello". In the case of Dutch, it was used as early as 1797 in a letter from ] to his sister-in-law as a remark of astonishment.<ref>Bilderdijk, Willem (ed. Marita Mathijsen). Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam/Antwerp 1997</ref>
===Hallo===
''Hello'' is alternatively thought to come from the word ''hallo'' (1840) via ''hollo'' (also ''holla'', ''holloa'', ''halloo'', ''halloa''). <ref name="MW">{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hello|title=Hello|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online}}</ref> The definition of ''hollo'' is to shout or an ] originally shouted in a ] when the quarry was spotted: <ref name="MW" />


] from 1913 traces the etymology of ''holloa'' to the Old English ''halow'' and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā".
"If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare." - '']'' (I.viii.7), ]


According to the '']'', ''hallo'' is a modification of the obsolete ''holla'' (''stop!''), perhaps from Old French ''hola'' (''ho'', ho! + ''la'', there, from Latin ''illac'', that way).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartelby.com/61/60/H0136000.html|title=Hello|publisher= The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.|year=2000|access-date=1 September 2006}}</ref>
] from ] traces the etymology of ''holloa'' to the Old English ''halow'' and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā."


==="Hello, World" computer program===
According to the '']'', ''hallo'' is a modification of the obsolete ''holla'' (''stop!''), perhaps from Old French ''hola'' (''ho'', ho! + ''la'', there, from Latin ''illac'', that way). <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bartelby.com/61/60/H0136000.html|title=Hello|publisher= The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.|date=2000|accessdate=2006-09-01}}</ref>
{{Main|"Hello, World!" program}}
Students learning a new computer ] will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!" program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, World!" to the user (such as by displaying it on a screen). It has been used since the earliest programs, and in many computer languages. This tradition was further popularised after being printed in an introductory chapter of the book '']'' by Kernighan & Ritchie.<ref>{{cite book | last = Kernighan | first = Brian W. | author-link = Brian W. Kernighan | author2 = Ritchie, Dennis M. | title = The C Programming Language | edition = 1st | publisher = ] | date = 1978 | location = ] | isbn = 0-13-110163-3 | author-link2 = Dennis M. Ritchie | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/cprogramminglang00kern }}</ref> The book had reused an example taken from a 1974 memo by ] at ].<ref name="ctut">{{cite web|url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/ctut.pdf|title=Programming in C: A Tutorial|last=Kernighan|first=Brian|year=1974|publisher=Bell Labs|access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>


==External links== ==See also==
*]
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==References== == References ==
{{Reflist}}
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See http://en.wikipedia.org/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how
to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below
</nowiki>-->
{{reflist|2}}
:* (Subscription)
:*
</div>


== External links ==
]
{{Wiktionary|hello|hi|hey|hiya}}
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* (Subscription)
* ]: ,


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Latest revision as of 17:19, 20 December 2024

Salutation or greeting For other uses, see Hello (disambiguation).

The greeting "Hello" became associated with telephones in the late 19th century. Postcard c. 1905–1915

Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is first attested in writing from 1826.

Early uses

Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications in the U.S. as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the Norwich Courier of Norwich, Connecticut. Another early use was an 1833 American book called The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee, which was reprinted that same year in The London Literary Gazette. The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.

Etymology

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo, which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman". It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there'). As in addition to hello, halloo, hallo, hollo, hullo and (rarely) hillo also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.

Telephone

Before the telephone, verbal greetings often involved a time of day, such as "good morning". When the telephone began connecting people in different time zones, greetings without time gained popularity.

Thomas Edison is credited with popularizing hullo as a telephone greeting. In previous decades, hullo had been used as an exclamation of surprise (used early on by Charles Dickens in 1850) and halloo was shouted at ferry boat operators by people who wanted to catch a ride. According to one account, halloo was the first word Edison yelled into his strip phonograph when he discovered recorded sound in 1877. Shortly after Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, he answered calls by saying "ahoy ahoy", borrowing the term used on ships. There is no evidence the greeting caught on. Edison suggested Hello! on August 15, 1877 in a letter to the president of Pittsburgh's Central District and Printing Telegraph Company, T. B. A. David:

Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away. What you think? Edison – P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.

The first name tags to include Hello may have 1880 at Niagara Falls, which was the site of the first telephone operators convention. By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as "hello-girls" because of the association between the greeting and the telephone.

A 1918 fiction novel uses the spelling "Halloa" in the context of telephone conversations.

Hullo, hallo, and other spellings

"Hallo" redirects here. For other uses, see Hallo (disambiguation).

Hello might be derived from an older spelling variant, hullo, which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello", and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. Hullo is found in publications as early as 1803. The word hullo is still in use, with the meaning hello.

Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa). The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:

If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.

— Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare

Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864. It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798:

And the good south wind still blew behind,
But no sweet bird did follow,
Nor any day for food or play

Came to the mariners' hollo!

In many Germanic languages, including German, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and Afrikaans, "hallo" directly translates into English as "hello". In the case of Dutch, it was used as early as 1797 in a letter from Willem Bilderdijk to his sister-in-law as a remark of astonishment.

Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā".

According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).

"Hello, World" computer program

Main article: "Hello, World!" program

Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!" program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, World!" to the user (such as by displaying it on a screen). It has been used since the earliest programs, and in many computer languages. This tradition was further popularised after being printed in an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie. The book had reused an example taken from a 1974 memo by Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories.

See also

References

  1. ^ "hello". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  2. (Anonymous). The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee. New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833. p. 144.
  3. "The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee". The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. No. 883: 21 December 1833. p. 803.
  4. Origin of the word.
  5. "hallo". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  6. "holla". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  7. Butler, Mann, A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106.
  8. "Definition of HOLLO". www.merriam-webster.com. 23 September 2024.
  9. "Definition of HULLO". www.merriam-webster.com.
  10. "Definition of HILLO". www.merriam-webster.com.
  11. McCulloch, Gretchen (23 July 2019). Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language. Riverhead. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0735210936.
  12. ^ Allen Koenigsberg. "The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2". Antique Phonograph Magazine. Vol. VIII, no. 6. Archived from the original on 16 November 2006.
  13. ^ Allen Koenigsberg (1999). "All Things Considered". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2006.
  14. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
  15. Grimes, William (5 March 1992). "Great 'Hello' Mystery Is Solved". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  16. Dehan, Richard (1918). That which Hath Wings: A Novel of the Day. G. P. Putnam. ISBN 978-1-5332-9337-4.
  17. "hullo – Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 25 April 2007. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  18. The Sporting Magazine. London (1803). Volume 23, p. 12.
  19. "Hullo From Orkney". Forum.downsizer.net. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  20. Piers Beckley (23 April 2008). "Writersroom Blog: Hullo again. Did you miss me?". BBC. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  21. "Ashes: England v Australia – day one as it happened | Andy Bull and Rob Smyth". The Guardian. London. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  22. "Semi-final clash excites fans". BBC Sport. 14 April 2005. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  23. "Hello". Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  24. "Hollo". Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
  25. Baily's Magazine of Sports and Pastimes. Vinton. 1907. p. 127.
  26. The New Fowler's, revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860263-4, p. 356.
  27. Bilderdijk, Willem Liefde en ballingschap. Brieven 1795–1797 (ed. Marita Mathijsen). Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam/Antwerp 1997
  28. "Hello". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Retrieved 1 September 2006.
  29. Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1978). The C Programming Language (1st ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-110163-3.
  30. Kernighan, Brian (1974). "Programming in C: A Tutorial" (PDF). Bell Labs. Retrieved 9 January 2019.

External links

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