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{{Short description|none}}
]
{{About|Israel's architecture|the quarterly magazine|Architecture of Israel (magazine)}}
] UNESCO World Heritage Site]]


The '''architecture of Israel''' has been influenced by the different styles of architecture brought in by those who have occupied the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape. Fortified ] castles, ] madrassas, ] churches, ] houses, ] arches and minarets, Russian Orthodox onion domes, ]-style modernist buildings, sculptural concrete ], and soaring glass-sided skyscrapers all are part of the architecture of Israel.{{dubious|Avoiding to give a definition. What is ISRAELI architecture? What is the (bombed) townhall of Jaffa, designed by a Jew for a majority-Arab town in Ottoman Palestine? What are the Mandate Palestine buildings? Palace Hotel in Jerusalem? Same as King David Hotel a few 100m away, or not? Both had a mix of Arab & Jewish construction teams, from architect to chief engineer to construction company. DEFINITION FIRST!|date=November 2020}} The '''architecture of Israel''' has been influenced by the different architectural styles of those who have inhabited the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape. ] churches, ] castles, ] ]s, ] houses, ] arches and minarets, Russian Orthodox onion domes, ] modernist buildings, sculptural concrete ], and glass-sided skyscrapers all are part of the architecture of Israel.

==Architecture of Israel Journal==
{{split|Architecture of Israel (journal)|date=February 2021|section=y}}
Architecture of Israel (AI) is a bilingual quarterly dealing with architecture, interior design and the environment. Published every three months, since January 1988, the aims of the journal, as stated on its website air.co.il: are to “promote climate and environmental awareness, creative and feasible architecture" . Providing a stage for Israeli architecture in an international context, the magazine is funded by subscriptions, sales in bookshops and advertising in the field of architecture and design.Each year, the journal conducts an international competition together with the European Union, titled "Project of the Year".<ref>"the 2020 competition" (https://www.aiq.co.il/reg_competition.php). Retrieved 2020-07-25.</ref> The judges for this competition consist of worldwide known academics and architects.<ref>"For example, issue no. 108" (https://www.aiq.co.il/pages/108/). Retrieved 2020-07-25.</ref>
The journal has a number of permanent sections:<ref>"Tigran in KHT webpage" (https://www.kth.se/profile/Tigran). Retrieved 2020-07-25.</ref>
* Food for Thought that deals with how other fields of life impact architecture.
* Curiosity - covering events, competitions and exhibitions.<ref>"Oxman's personal site" (http://rivkaoxman.wix.com/rivkaoxman#!/). Retrieved 2020-07-25.</ref>
* Interviews with Israeli and international architects.
* House of the Season that presents a different perspective on the residential issue.
* Guest of the Season - featuring the professional profile of a selected architect.
* Architects Telling - providing a personal perspective on behind the scenes stories about well-known buildings.


==History== ==History==
{{further|Architecture of Palestine}}
The Arabs built small stone houses on the hillsides with flat or dome roofs.{{dubious|Wrong. Wrong. Wrong. Also, but not only. Fortified mansions, town palaces, hamams, bazaars, maqams, etc. too. Where is the source for this BS?|date=November 2020}} The Crusaders built fortresses on strategic hilltops.{{dubious|Wrong. Fortified mansions ("maisons forts"), farms, town palaces, shops & shopping streets, etc. too. Where is the source?|date=November 2020}} The Christians built churches to mark sites where Jesus walked.{{dubious|Wrong. That's just a fraction.|date=November 2020}} The ]|Templers]] built homes with tiled roofs like those in the German countryside.{{dubious|Wrong. Also industrial buildings, hotels, farms and representative community halls, shops and workshops, etc. Where is the source for this BS?|date=November 2020}} The British Mandatory authorities passed a law requiring all construction in Jerusalem to be of ] and introduced the idea of garden suburbs. In the early years of statehood, Israel built rows of ] to accommodate the masses of new immigrants to replace the huts, tents and packing crates of the ].<ref>''Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel'', edited by Raphael Patai, Herzl Press, McGraw, New York, 1971 "Architecture and Town Planning in Israel," Vol. 1, pp. 71-76</ref>
First named the "White City" in 1984, the ] has been declared a ] World Heritage Site. As property values have risen, ] are going up around the country. The ] in ] is the tallest building in Israel to date.

Housing built during the British Mandate was urban in character, with flat roofs, rectangular doorways and painted floor tiles.<ref name="iaa-conservation"/> From 1948, architecture in Israel was dominated by the need to house masses of new immigrants. The ] concrete style suited Israel's harsh climate and paucity of natural building materials.<ref></ref> Municipal laws in ] require that all buildings be faced with local ].<ref>{{cite web|author=PAUL GOLDBERGERPublished: September 10, 1995 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/10/magazine/passion-set-in-stone.html?pagewanted=7 |title=Passion Set in Stone, New York Times, Sept. 10, 1995 |work=New York Times |date=1995-09-10 |access-date=2012-08-28}}</ref> The ordinance dates back to the ] and the governorship of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/Architecture/Jeruarchitecture1948.html |title=Jerusalem Architecture Since 1948 |publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=2012-08-28}}</ref> and was part of a master plan for the city drawn up in 1918 by Sir ], then city engineer of ].<ref> from "Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City". Online course material from the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel</ref>

] building in ]]]

==Architectural styles==
=== Rural housing ===
]]]
]]]
Until the end of the 19th century, the traditional Arab rural house in the villages of what was then ] consisted of a single room without partitions, divided into levels in accordance with various functions carried out in the house:
* ''Rawiyeh'' – a bottom level at the elevation of the courtyard considered the “dirty” part of the house, used for storage and sheltering livestock.
* ''Mastabeh'' – A higher residential level used for sleeping, eating, hospitality and storage.
* ''Sida'' (gallery) – Another living area above the mastaba, used primarily for sleeping.<ref name="iaa-conservation"></ref>

In the second half of the 19th century, a residential story characterized by a cross-vault was added above the traditional house, creating a space between the floor with the livestock in the bottom room and the residential story. A separate entrance was installed in each story.<ref name="iaa-conservation"/>


===Early period===
]s were built outside the village core and had two stories: a raised ground floor with tiny windows used for raising livestock and storage, and a separate residential floor with large windows and balconies. In the courtyard was a small structure used for storage. Sometimes a tabun baking oven would be located inside it.<ref name="iaa-conservation"/>
]
]


Ancient regional architecture can be divided into two phases based on building materials — stone and sundried mud brick. Most of the stones used were ].<ref name=ancient>{{cite book |title= The Architecture of Ancient Israel: From the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods
The first modern building technology was evident in the farmhouses. Iron beams were used and the roofs were made of concrete and roof tiles. These structures had balconies with a view and wide doorways.<ref name="iaa-conservation"/>
|author= Aharon Kempinski, Ronny Reich|publisher= Israel Exploration Society|date= 1992|isbn= 9652210137}}</ref>


After the Hellenistic period, hard limestone was used for columns, capitals, bases or also the Herodian enclosure walls of the ]. In the north of the country, ] was used for building stone, door sockets, door pivots but also for drainage. ] were placed randomly or laid in courses as well as for polygonal structures, for example it is found in city walls. Rough-hewn Stones and ashlars were used for more complex structure, and they were extracted from quarries. Huge stones were used since the first century B.C. Stone dressing was primarily done with the chisel and the hammer.<ref name=ancient/>
] tower, Tel Aviv's highest residential building]]
], ] desert]]


Sundried mud bricks were the most used material until modern times, particularly in the coastal plain and valleys. Structures were roofed with ] wooden beams covered by ] and ].<ref name=ancient/>
===Movie theaters ===
The architecture of Tel Aviv's movie theaters can be seen as a reflection of Israeli architectural history: The first cinema, the Eden, opened in 1914, was an example of the ] style that was in vogue at the time, combining European and Arab traditions. The Mugrabi cinema, designed in 1930, was built in ] style. In the late 1930s, the Esther, Chen and Allenby theaters were prime examples of the ] style. In the 1950s and 1960s, ] style architecture was exemplified by the Tamar cinema built inside the historic ] building on ].<ref></ref>


===Ottoman period===
] and metal grillwork]] ] and metal grillwork]]
In ], until the end of the 19th century, traditional housing construction consisted of a single room without partitions, divided into levels in accordance with various functions carried out in the house:
* ''Rawiyeh'' – a bottom level at the elevation of the courtyard considered the “dirty” part of the house, used for storage and sheltering livestock.
* ''Mastabeh'' – A higher residential level used for sleeping, eating, hospitality and storage.
* ''Sida'' (gallery) – Another living area above the mastaba, used primarily for sleeping.<ref name=IAA></ref>


In the second half of the 19th century, a residential story characterized by a cross-vault was added above the traditional house, creating a space between the floor with the livestock in the bottom room and the residential story. A separate entrance was installed in each story.<ref name=IAA/>
==Notable architects==
Sensing the political changes taking place in central Europe around the time of the First World War, as well as the stirrings of Zionist ideals about the re-establishment of a homeland for Jews, numerous Jewish architects from around Europe emigrated to Palestine during the first three decades of the 20th century. While much innovative planning occurred during the time of ], 1920–1948, in particular the town plan for Tel Aviv in 1925 by ], it would be architecture designed in the modernist "Bauhaus" style that would fill the plots of that plan; among the architects who emigrated to Palestine at that time, and who went on to establish formidable careers were: ], Shmuel Miestechkin, Lucian Korngold, Jacov Ornstein, Salomon Gepstein, Josef Neufeld and Genia Gideoni.


]s were built outside the village core and had two stories: a raised ground floor with tiny windows used for raising livestock and storage, and a separate residential floor with large windows and balconies. In the courtyard was a small structure used for storage. Sometimes a tabun baking oven would be located inside it.<ref name=IAA/>
], ] and ] were among the leading architects of the early 1950s.<ref name="haaretz.co.il">] Magazine, October 17, 2008]</ref> Rudolf (Reuven) Trostler played an important role in designing the country's early industrial buildings.<ref name="haaretz.co.il" /> ] designed the interiors of the ], the ], the country's first large hotels, the ], ] planes and ] passenger ships.<ref></ref> ] designed ], Israel's tallest building. ] was a ]ian-born Israeli architect who won the ] in architecture<ref name="virtual">, as quoted by Jewish Virtual Library, retrieved September 13, 2012</ref> and the ] for iconic Jerusalem buildings such as the ] and ] on ].<ref name="rechter">Brittain-Catlin, Timothy, , Building of the Month, Twentieth Century Society, June 2010, retrieved September 13, 2012</ref><ref name="haaretz">Dvir, Noam, Haaretz, February 2, 2012, retrieved September 13, 2012</ref>


The first modern building technology was evident in the farmhouses. Iron beams were used and the roofs were made of concrete and roof tiles. These structures had balconies with a view and wide doorways.<ref name=IAA/>
== Museums and archives ==
A small ] was established in ] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hecht|first=Esther|title=Bauhaus Museum Opens in Tel Aviv's White City|url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/080421bauhaus.asp|work=Architectural Record|access-date=5 September 2012}}</ref> The Munio Gitai Weinraub Museum of Architecture opened in ] in 2012.<ref>, ]</ref>


==Modern architecture and town planning==
==See also==
===Notable architects since WWI===
*], which overlaps in countless regards with the architecture of Israel and vice versa
] (1935), built 1937]]
*]
]


Sensing the political changes taking place in central Europe around the time of the First World War, as well as the stirrings of Zionist ideals about the re-establishment of a homeland for Jews, numerous Jewish architects from around Europe emigrated to Palestine during the first three decades of the 20th century. While much innovative planning occurred during the time of ], 1920–1948, in particular the town plan for Tel Aviv in 1925 by ], it would be architecture designed in the modernist "Bauhaus" style that would fill the plots of that plan; among the architects who emigrated to Palestine at that time, and who went on to establish formidable careers were: ], Shmuel Mestechkin (1908-2004; specialised in kibbutz architecture),<ref> at GreyScape. Accessed 10 May 2021.</ref> Lucjan Korngold (1897-1963; Poland and Brazil; the Rubinsky House, an early ]-style building in Tel Aviv, is often misattributed to him),<ref> at GreyScape. Accessed 10 May 2021.</ref><ref>Anna Cymer, at culture.pl. Accessed 10 May 2021.</ref><ref>, Amnon Bar Or – Tal Gazit Architects Ltd. Accessed 10 May 2021.</ref> Jacob (Jacques, Jacov) Ornstein (1886-1953), Salomon Gepstein (1882-1961), Josef Neufeld (1899–1980) and Elsa Gidoni (1899–1978; née Mandelstamm).<ref> at Pioneering Women of American Architecture. Accessed 10 May 2021.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
List of published articles


], father of expressionist architecture, lived and worked in Israel after fleeing ].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-21 |title=Eric Mendelsohn, architect in Berlin and Jerusalem |url=https://www.jpost.com/opinion/op-ed-contributors/eric-mendelsohn-architect-in-berlin-and-jerusalem-329362 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=David Kaufman last updated in |date=2018-12-11 |title=Erich Mendelsohn's Villa Weizmann is one of the German émigré’s modernist masterpieces |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/erich-mendelsohn-villa-weizmann-modernist-house-palestine |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=wallpaper.com |language=en}}</ref>]]


], ] and ] were among the leading architects of the early 1950s.<ref name=Dvir2008>, Noam Dvir, ] Magazine, October 17, 2008</ref> Rudolf (Reuven) Trostler played an important role in designing the country's early industrial buildings.<ref name=Dvir2008/> ] designed the interiors of the ], the ], the country's first large hotels, the ], ] planes and ] passenger ships.<ref></ref> ] designed ], then Israel's tallest building (today it's the second tallest, after the Azrieli Sarona tower). ] was a ]ian-born Israeli architect who won the ] in architecture<ref name=JVL>, as quoted by Jewish Virtual Library, retrieved September 13, 2012</ref> and the ] for iconic Jerusalem buildings such as the ] and ] on ].<ref name=rechter>Brittain-Catlin, Timothy, , Building of the Month, Twentieth Century Society, June 2010, retrieved September 13, 2012</ref><ref name=Dvir2012>, Noam Dvir for ], 2 February 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.</ref>


===Movie theaters===
AI# 1
The architecture of Tel Aviv's movie theaters can be seen as a reflection of Israeli architectural history: The first cinema, the Eden, opened in 1914, was an example of the ] style that was in vogue at the time, combining European and Arab traditions. The Mugrabi cinema, designed in 1930, was built in ] style. In the late 1930s, the Esther, Chen and Allenby theaters were prime examples of the ] style. In the 1950s and 1960s, ] style architecture was exemplified by the Tamar cinema built inside the historic ] building on Tel Aviv's ].<ref></ref>
Cross-section of Israeli architecture - 250 spectacular photographs of the top
buildings in Israel.


===Late Ottoman period===
AI# 2
The ] built homes with tiled roofs like those in the German countryside.{{dubious|Wrong. Also industrial buildings, hotels, farms and representative community halls, shops and workshops, etc.|date=November 2020}}{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}
Best buildings, five categories – public building, senior citizens' home,
synagogues, privet houses, sports facilities.


===Mandate period===
AI# 3
Housing built during the ] was urban in character, with flat roofs, rectangular doorways and painted floor tiles.<ref name=IAA/>
Five chosen Hotels - Avia Sonesta Eilat, American colony Jerusalem,
king Solomon Eilat, The Hyatt Regency Jerusalem, GAI beach hotel Tiberius.


Municipal laws in ] require that all buildings be faced with local ].<ref>{{cite web |location=Paul Goldberger for ] |date= 10 September 1995 |title=Passion Set in Stone |website= ] |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/10/magazine/passion-set-in-stone.html?pagewanted=7 |access-date=2012-08-28}}</ref> The ordinance dates back to the ] and the governorship of ]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/Architecture/Jeruarchitecture1948.html |title=Jerusalem Architecture Since 1948 |publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=2012-08-28 |archive-date=2016-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022214250/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/Architecture/Jeruarchitecture1948.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and was part of a master plan for the city drawn up in 1918 by Sir ], then city engineer of ].<ref> from "Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City". Online course material from the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel</ref>
AI# 4
Architectural Education and social status of architects. New emerging
approaches in planning privet houses.


Three of the six British town planners of the time were ], "the most pro-Arab and ]" of them,<ref name="Kingp168">{{cite book |last=King |first=Anthony D. |url=https://archive.org/details/spacesofglobalcu0000king/page/168/mode/2up |title=Spaces of global cultures: architecture, urbanism, identity |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=0-415-19619-1 |location=New York |page=168 |access-date=29 November 2021}}</ref> ] and ], another important Mandate-time town planner being the ] architect ].
AI# 5
Climate and Energy conscious: design of shade devices, planning for the
desert, landscape and climate, cooling towers, the solar energy center.


] ("Bauhaus") architecture, part of the ] UNESCO World Heritage Site]]
AI# 6
Rehabilitation as opposed to Conservation – a new research & planning
perspective of neighbourhood rehabilitation. Apartment costs as an index to the evaluation of project renewal.


The ], a collection of over 4,000 buildings from the 1930s built in a locally adapted form of the International Style, has first been named the "White City" in 1984 and has been declared a ] World Heritage Site in 2001. Tel Aviv has the highest concentration of international style architecture in the world.<ref name= Vols>{{Cite web |last= Dadoun |first= Marine |title=Tel Aviv: The fabulous history of Bauhaus architecture |date= 2023-05-24 |website= EnVols |url=https://www.en-vols.com/en/styles-en/architecture-en/tel-aviv-bauhaus-architecture/ |access-date= 2024-12-20}}</ref>
AI# 7
Towards a theory of the architectural interior- changes in interior design
approaches.


===State of Israel===
In the 1950s and 1960s, Israel built rows of ] to accommodate the masses of new immigrants living in the temporary tents and tin shacks of the ], some of these were known as "''rakevet''" or train in Hebrew due to their relative monotony and length.<ref>''Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel'', edited by Raphael Patai, Herzl Press, McGraw, New York, 1971 "Architecture and Town Planning in Israel," Vol. 1, pp. 71-76</ref> Many of these tenements can be seen today in Israeli towns like Sderot and Ofakim.


From 1948, architecture in Israel was dominated by the need to house masses of new immigrants. The ] concrete style suited Israel's harsh climate and paucity of natural building materials.<ref></ref> Today, many such old buildings remain in Israeli cities. Although they are being gradually remodeled as part of the {{ill|TAMA 38|he|תמ"א 38}} program which is meant to strengthen old buildings against earthquakes or completely demolished and replaced with more modern housing projects occupying the former site as part of the "{{ill|pinui binui|he|פינוי בינוי}}" (evacuate and build) program, it is expected to take decades before this style of architecture completely disappears from Israel's cities.<ref></ref>
AI# 8
The language and medium of architecture by prof. Moshe Safdiק.


] (finished 2017)]]
AI# 9
Master plan of Patrick Geddes by Eliezer Frenkel
The international style in Tel-Aviv, new building near Tel-Aviv
Shores. "Instant" architecture, changes in apartments (first article),
Interview with Prof.Adam Mazor – planer of master plan of tell Aviv,
Where have the squares gone? By Dani Karavan.
Thoughts on the city's image and identity – Shamai Assif, city engineer.


As property values have risen, ] are going up around the country. The ] in ] is the tallest building in Israel to date.<ref></ref>
AI# 10
The new American landscape by Prof. p. Friedberg & prof. r. Oxman
Ben Gurion's burial site, by smadar shfi
The creation of the garden from the point of view of the landscape Architect,
Landscaping the Negev desert by Prof. Shlomo Aronson
Interview with prof. Gid'on Sarig, designer of Rock garden at
Yarkon park.
The king's garden Netanya beachfront by Netanel Ben Izhak.
Basic themes in Landscape Architecture.
Biblical "xeriscaping" – plants with low water consumption
Domestic garden by prof. Izhak Biran


Ephraim Henry Pavie has evolved from ] towards ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Futuristic House Biomorphism by Ephraim Henry Pavie Architects and Design|website=Tuvie|date=11 July 2011|url= http://www.tuvie.com/futuristic-house-biomorphism-by-ephraim-henry-pavie-architects-and-design|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> The Pavie House in ] is a rare case of non-geometric, ] ] in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kanti|first=Yonatan|trans-title=Inspiration for sale: The curious case of the house in Gush Etzion|script-title=he:השראה למכירה: המקרה המוזר של הבית בגוש עציון|newspaper=]|date=2 April 2012|language=Hebrew|url=https://www.makorrishon.co.il/nrg/online/55/ART2/352/423.html?hp=55&cat=302&loc=7|access-date=10 May 2021}}</ref>
AI# 11
Introduction to the exhibition Arc. Arie sivan, chairman of the steering
Committee, Phases in oreintalism of Jerusalem architecture, by David
Kroyanker, Architecture of the 80's in Jerusalem, exhibition.
Interview with Amnn Niv, Jerusalem town engineer 1977-1988
Buyers guide – materials and services for building purposes.
Home design – furniture design and cultural identity
Bauhaus Architecture in Jerusalem, by david Gogenhaim.
12. Editorial: Patchwork details by Ami ran
Spatial details- details follows space or space follows details.
"Archi-Floral" details by Shimon Bigelman
The return of the balcony.
Gallery – upgrading the living room, detail – quality& pleasure.
"Production value" in Architecture .
AI# 13
Editorial – The state of the art by Dr. Ami Ran
Knowing architecture- the rise and fall of architecture knowledge
Fashion and uncertainty- Interview with Wolf Prize Recipient, 1992
Remembering the future- three projects in Berlin
Dynamic forms – Interview with prof. Bruno Zevi
Stop the "post" , I want to get off
Sketchbooks- what comes out.
The Canadian center for Architecture.
High-speed design - the influences of Ayalon highway on Tel-Aviv.


==Museums and archives==
AI# 14
] has three institutions dedicated to the Bauhaus, or more widely, the International Style: the Bauhaus Center with its own gallery and offering guided city tours (see homepage ), the small ] with original interior furnishings, established in 2008,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hecht|first=Esther|title=Bauhaus Museum Opens in Tel Aviv's White City|url=http://archrecord.construction.com/news/daily/archives/080421bauhaus.asp|work=Architectural Record|access-date=5 September 2012}}</ref> and the Liebling Haus center for urbanism, architecture and conservation (see homepage ).
Noted from the Jerusalem Architectural Seminar- The private aspect of the
most public building.
The new supreme court in Jerusalem - Retrospective
Interview with prof. Kenneth Frampton
Rosemarine Condominium – Ram Carmi
An array of beautiful notes does not make a symphony
The line' The circle and the conflict – the supreme court, Ada Carmi
Architects.


The Munio Gitai Weinraub Museum of Architecture opened in ] in 2012.<ref>, ]</ref>
AI# 15
Environment – behavior relations by prof. Amos Rapoport
White cubic architecture in Hifa by m.sc arch David Knafo
New regionalism by Itzhac Meir, architect m.sc
The vestibule, Just Before, by Siona Shimshi
An Israeli tradition, Traditional Details – Architects Karmelitt & Hadar Carni
Post-modernist regionalism in Singapore – Arie Kutz architect M.sc
Lots splitting in Australia – Michael Neustein Architect
Habitat in the desert – Boaz Ben Manasseh Architects
Architect versus client – prof. James Stageberg


==Gallery==
AI# 16
<gallery>
The modern mall&Its spatial organisation
File:Tel Aviv old city hall.jpg|Old Town Hall - built 1925, archit. Moshe Czerner; ] town hall 1928-1965; redesigned by archit. Mayra Kovalsky
Aesthetical definition of man & Ragip Buluc
Mutation of the market place – the malha mall
Successful design & the bottom line
The corner shop&The architectural turning
Shop windows design
Even the light is in the right place
The new shopping centers in Rome
The democracy of shopping
The new trends in Shop design
A short preview of projects – first glance
The street reaction


File:South side of the Russian Embessy House, Tel Aviv.jpg|], 1924, on ], flanked by modern glass tower
AI# 17
The aboriginal office – interview with James Wines
An exhibition in Tel-Aviv museum by Dora Gad
Company uniform styles and local variations
The IBM building in Montr?al Saluting the context
Office towers can also be friendly
Made in Israel- several office buildings
The productive workspace
Differentiated open space
Ottawa city hall – flowing light to water
Photomontage office character & image
On Martha's Vineyard – home work spaces
An architect's office in kibbutz Dahlia


File:Mugrabi.jpg|{{ill|Mugrabi Cinema|he|קולנוע מוגרבי}}/Moghrabi Theatre, archit. Joseph Berlin, 1930 (gutted by fire in 1986, demolished in mid-90s), Tel Aviv
AI# 18
Restaurant design – interview with Adam Tihany
In the Columbus restaurant – American discoveries
Tel-Aviv – in the steps of the Bauhaus
At the Ben-Gurion airport – T.4.2 caf?
Around the hibachi tables – the cookery ceremony
The musical design of Jordan Mozer
Illuminated aspects of design – stage settings
The Remi restaurant in New-York, design by Adam Tihany


File:Latrun Monastery.jpg|], built 1926-1953
AI# 19
The genotype, the cakes & the context – editorial
The "mental context" of heir client
Public buildings their impact on the urban fabric
Interview with Alfredo de Vino
The aesthetic aspect of architecture
Interdisciplinary discussion with the spirit of freedom in mind
An attitude not a style – critical regionalism
House in Nahal Sorek, "Architectura"


File:P1190467 - הגנים הבהאיים - מקדש הזהב.JPG|], built 1949-1953, Haifa
AI# 20
Uri Zohar's critique criteria – editorial
Late modernism with the view to Japanese tradition
Murphy's Law – The invisible viewer
The orchard benefits of the montage house
The laughter at the end' by Ronit Werker
The Golda Meir center - nothing to be ashamed of
View to Barcelona architecture Spanish delight
Handsome gesture 1995 furniture exhibition
The aqueduct' the sunlight & the inanimate attributes of Caesarea
Modernist contemplations interview with Richard Meier


File:YadkenS.jpg|] memorial, 1966, ]
AI# 21
The architectural Jargon – editorial
The new design code of Jerusalem
Architectural events review
Solar energy conservation – roof technologies
The rich port of Puerto Rico
Talk with architect I. M. Goodovitch – cigarettes 'tin foil models
Isozaki's conflict with memory and history
Italo Calvino and recent changes in interior design by Dr.Ami Ran


File:Azrieli_Center_From_ToHa_2019-12.jpg|The three towers of the ], 1999
AI# 22
The tail of the horn – editorial by Ami ran
The Carmel terraces, arch. Fabriburz Sahba
Better a drawing broad than an administrative desk by Dr.Ami ran
Urban continuity and personal expression - Dan&Miri keiser, Ilan Lekner
The principle of the Indian kaleidoscope – Balkrishna Doshi's organic
architecture
Entrepreneurs are still in the 1950's – house layout
A year has passed - Eldar Sharon


File:City Gate Ramat Gan 2008.jpg|], 2003, ]
AI# 23
If you don ask how will you know – editorial by Dr.Ami ran
A sun ray is more then just a source of light – A.J Diamond architect
Gordon Cullen's concise landscape
An interview with architect Shin Takamatsu
An interview with architect Uri Shetrit
The move from old Jaffa to Nahnani st. – visions that fill your eyes when they
are closed
Architecture is merely an art, and homeowners are not patrons – by Rachel
Ben Aharon.


File:מרכז אדמונד ולילי ספרא למדעי המוח.jpg|], 2009
AI# 24
Utopia' nostalgia and reality – editorial
An interview with architects Moshe Safdie
Activating shadow devices
Look replaces essence – the architectural magazines
Form does not necessarily follows function
Architectural events review
Green contextology – man to man through place


File:Biomorphic solar green house by Ephraim-Henry Pavie.jpg|The Biomorphic House by {{ill|Ephraim Henry Pavie|fr|Ephraim Henry Pavie}}, 2007-2014, ]
AI# 25
Plastic flowers and architectural integrity by Dr.Ami Ran
New energy forum at bad Oeyenhausen, Germany – The harmonious
cacophony of Frank Gehry.
Ethical conservation – The case study of oia in Santorini
Between the rocks of Eilat & the Dan Eilat hotel – Dr.ami Ran
Interview with architect David Guggenheim
The architecture of Ada Karni-Melmede
Two buildings in the campus of Rishon le Tzion
The loft and stage design dialogue
Architectural events review


File:Rothschild Boulevard - WLM 2013 - ovedc - 11.JPG|] tower, 2014
AI# 26
</gallery>
Code and accreditation – editorial by Dr. Ami Ran.
Emphasis on locality in the Israeli Pavilion – at the Venice bianaleInterview with architect Glenn Murcutt – The language of place – Elli Bloom.
Naval Architecture – Yacht design – Carmit Hirsh.
A chat with architect Baruch Baruch – The proof is in the thinking process –
Ami Ran, Architect.
Architectural events review – curiosity – Sigal Cohen – Skali
Levantines, Yet intelligent with a sense of humor – Mediterranean
Architecture – Rachel Ben-Aharon.
Should Israel's cultural course change? To the south – The sun, to the west –
the sea – Yaron Turel, Architect


==See also==
*], which overlaps with the architecture of Israel
*]


==References==
AI# 27
{{reflist}}
Don’t put an obstacle in front of a blind man – Editorial – Rachel Ben Aharon
Benefitting from a traditional society – Japanese architects – Dan Frietig
Prigat
Interview with Architect Perla Kaufman – Ami Ran, Architect
Architects versus curators – Lighting in museums – Ilan Kariv, Architect
Dynamic architecture and the wonders of progress – Ami Ran, Architect
Architectural events review – curiosity – Siona Shimshi
A house from Ruchi's anthology – Architect: Yoav Messer – photo: Eyal Graif


===Further reading===
AI# 28
* {{cite journal |last1=Alster |first1=Tal |title=How Israel turned homeowners into YIMBYs - Works in Progress |journal=worksinprogress.co |issue=14 |url=https://worksinprogress.co/issue/how-israel-turned-homeowners-into-yimbys/ |access-date=18 February 2024}} - overview of TAMA 38 and pinui binui renovation programs
What is "Building presence"? editorial – Ami Ran, Architect
The very metaphoric frameworks – interview with Melvin Charney
The open class room ideal & the closed kindergarten reality – Rachel Ben-
Aharon
Between landscape and architecture – landscape architecture – Prof. Peter
Hecht
Real is everything that stands the test of time – interview with Giora Ben-Dov
– Ami Ran, Architect
Architects crumbs are food for young designers – Arad Sharon, Architect
The open class room ideal & the closed kindergarten reality – Rachel Ben-
Aharon
A house in Tel Aviv and a house in the Arava – Non-contextual ideology –
Yaron Turel, Architect

AI# 29
Architects' freedom of expression – editorial – Architect Ami Ran
Michael Sorkin's urban fantasies – Interview with Prof. Sorkin – Architect Alan
Cohl
Artists square and gallery – Netanya promenade – Architect Nettanel Ben
Itzhak
The city, the cliff and the sea – Netanya – Architect Doron Ohali
Architecture in North America – interview with Prof. Tzunis – Prof. Siona
Shimshi
Landscape projects review – A plot of landscape – Architect Alan Chol
It takes integration to create variation – Egebjerggard Quarter, Copenhagen – Architect Ilan Kariv.
Environmentally responsive roof design – Form follows sunshine – Architect
David Pearlmutter
Interview with Architect Adeeb Daoud – Jacob's ladder – Architect Ami Ran
Architectural events review – curiosity – Rachel Ben-Aharon.
Imaginative associations – The origin of the interior design concept – Rachel
Ben-Aharon.

AI# 30
The bridge over the river slipshod – editorial – Architect Ami Ran
Nerve is what it may well be about – interview with Prof. Peter Cook –
Architect Ami Ran & Rafi Reich
Two steps away from Jerusalem – Memories from Amman – Interior designer
Dany Prigat.
From the sketch of the idea to the building and back – Prof. Siona Shimshi
Enriching the experience – conveying high impact color messages – Architect Judith Ruttenberg
Architectural events review – curiosity – Rachel Ben-Aharon
Good architecture starts from the smells that come from the neighbor's
kitchen – Architect Osvaldo Stav
Wandering in endless abstract spaces - A "stolen" discussion with Sefi Rodav

AI# 31
Editorial, Lost Honor (Ami Ran); Three Exhibitions, At the End of the
Millennium (Sonia Shimshi); End of the Monopoly, A Frank Talk with Prof.
Dani Shefer (Ami Ran); A Plot of Landscape, Raising Flora on Artificial
Bedding (Itzhak Biran); Interview with Architect Moshe Tzur, Perfect Answers,
Optimal Solutions (Ami Ran); Curiosity, Architectural Events Review (Rachel
Ben Aharon); Meaning and Myth, The Shrine of the Book (Alan Cohl); The
Mediterranean Landscape, Representation, Design and Identity (Alexander
Tzonis).

AI# 32
Editorial, No Milk Today (Ami Ran); Graduate of the Tokyo Institute of
Technology, From Edo to Tokyo in 400 Years (Arie Kutz); The Suburb, The
Bazaar and, The Impermeable Grand Mall (Ami Ran); Enabling the Disabled,
An Approach to Planing roe the Disabled (Dani Prigat); Yesterday a Prison,
Today a University Campus, Out of South Africa (Arad Sharon); What's
Bothering Sefi's Friends, A meeting in Memory of Architect Sefi Rodav (Guri Kravitz); Curiosity, Architectural Events Review (Rachel Ben Aharon);
Adaptation 1, One House (Hillit Mazor); Adaptation 2, One Apartment (Hillit Mazor).

AI# 33
Editorial, Not in the Footsteps oh the Elephants (Ami Ran); 50 Years of
Architecture, as Reflected in Jerusalem's Buildings (David Kroyanker);
Encounters, The Vernacular Paradox of Israeli Architecture (Ami Ran);
Curiosity, Architectural Events Review (Rachel Ben Aharon). 33. Not in the
footsteps of the elephants – editorial – Ami Ran, Architect
50 years of architecture as reflected in Jerusalem's buildings – Architect David
Kroyanker
The vernacular paradox of Israeli architecture – encounters – Ami Ran,
Architect
The Palmach history museum, Tel Aviv
City hall compound, Jerusalem
Kolker – Kolker –Epstein; Bugod-Figueierdo-Niv-Krendel
The supreme court, Jerusalem
Synagogue, Kiryat Yearim
Valley of the communities, Jerusalem
Shalom Hartman institute, Jerusalem
Manhat compound, Jerusalem
Biotechnology building, Tel Aviv university
Tambour compound, Acre
The Faculty of law, Rishon Lezion
Sports hall, Shoam
Primary school, Modiin
High school, Abu Gosh
Religious primary school, Modiin
Primary school, Netanya
Kindergarten, old city of acre
Private house, Savyou
Private house, Atlit
Private house, Nahal Soreq
Private house, Arsuf
Private house, North Tel Aviv
Restored office building, Tel Aviv
Renovated apartment house, Tel Aviv
David's village, Mamilla, Jerusalem
Communal settlement, Reut
The mormon university, Jerusalem
Restoration of historic Zichron Yaakov
Kalisher art college, Tel Aviv
Yad layeled museum, Kibbutz lohamei hagetaot
Eilat courthouse
Givatayim theater
Beit Gabriel, sea of galilee
Architectural events review- curiosity – Rachel Ben-Aharon

AI# 34
Editorial, Most Users Have Small to Medium (Ami Ran); A Question of
Perfection, Between Architect & Philosopher (Joseph Agassi); Waldorf
Experimental School, Kibbutz Harduf, Galilee (Frances Shira Shenton); Chat
with Architects A.Kaplan & Y.Amit, From Bach to Rahat (Ami Ran); In Memory
of Gymnasia Herzeliya, And for the Glory of Tel Aviv (Ami Ran); The Silent
Houses & Secret Gardens, An Oasis at the Heart of the city (Michal Kucik);
Curiosity, Architectural Events Review (Rachel Ben Aharon); The Inner
Courtyard, And All Her Sisters (Hillit Mazor); Following the Jerusalem
Seminar, Interview With Ricardo Legorrete (Alan Cohl).

AI# 35
Editorial, High Voltage (Ami Ran); Alvar Aalto, Centenary of His Birth
(Gavriela Nusssbaum); In Architecture as in Art, Spontaneity Preferred (Arad Sharon), A Personal Scale- Interview, Architects N/Meltzer & G.Igra (Ami Ran); Remembering, Architect Gad Asher (Hillit Mazor); Curiosity, Review of Architectural Events (Rachel Ben Aharon); Notes from the Bookshelf, Libraries: The Image Syndrome (Alan Cohl); House of the Season, , Review of Houses and Flats (Shira shenton).

AI# 36
Editorial, Holy Cows in Deep Water (Ami Ran); Burial as a way of Life,
Changes in Burial Methods ( Uri Ponger & Tuviah Sagiv); I came to Criticize; I
Left in Praise, A Sortie to Bilbao (Arad Sharon); Independence Park,
Homosexual Domain (Dafna Hirsch); You Don't Always Get What You Want,
The Parable of Holon's Parks (Siona Shimshi); Something to Think About, A Concept Factory (Iris Givoli); curiosity, Review of Architectural Events (Rachel Ben Aharon); Selected Details, Original Use of Building Materials (Hillit Mazor); Color, Definitely a functional Element (Judith Ruttenberg); House Of the Season, Peruvian Consulate, Herzliya (Shira Shenton).

AI# 37
Editorial, the Election Train (Ami Ran); the Planning and Building of, The
Knesset (Susan Hattis Rolef); Photo Exhibition, The Naked Orange Grove
(Ada Namani); the Khazneh, the SIQ and the Cardo, Passage to Petra
(Shlomit Shalgo); Hospital and Hospitality, Hospital Architecture (Ami Ran);
Landscape Corner, Martha Schwartz's Squares (Shira Shenton); Curiosity,
Review of Architectural Events (Rachel Ben Aharon); Cry Out ye Lost Land,
the Silo of Ramat Hadar (Irit Amit); House of the Season, Review of
Apartments and Houses (Rachel Ben Aharon).

AI# 38
Editorial, Were Do You Go To, My Lovely (Ami Ran); Interview with Yaacov
Yaar, Kaplan in the Men's Room (Ami Ran); Deciphering Architectural
Messages, Symbols or Mind Games (Yehoshua Amit); Berlin, Ten Years After
the Wall (Dani Prigat); Collegial Competitions, Over the Campus (Moshe
Atsmon); Interior Design, New Trends in Restaurant Design (Hillit Mazor);
Curiosity, Review of Architectural Events (Rachel Ben Aharon); House of The
Season, Review of Apartments and Houses (Shira Shenton).

AI# 39
Editorial: How much Rice for the Third Millennium? (Ami Ran); Out of the
Religious Strait Jacket, The Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem (Susan Hattis Rolef);
32% Make Do with One Stay, New Trends in Prison Design (Siona Shimshi);
Between Hackney and "Nachlaot", Neighborhood Rehabilitation (Dudi
Tolkovsky & Ayelet Shalev); Interview with Avraham Yasky, "Fell Off a Lorry"
(Ami Ran); Interior Design, New Trends in Office Design (Hillit Mazor);
Curiosity, Review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon); House of the Season, , Review of Apartments and Houses (Shira Shenton).

AI# 40
Editorial Words for the Occasion, Buds of Culture (Ami Ran); 20th Century
Folks, Who Said What (R.Udi- Li); Architect Artist Marcelo Fiszman, The
Space Between (Udit Lorraine Belkine); Cubes Over the River Blaak, Architect Piet Blom (Arad Sharon); The Comforts of Eilat, The Beauty of Dahab (Rachel Ben Aharon); Guardian of Jerusalem's Beauty, Architect David Anatol Brutzkus (Ami Ran); Interior Design, Thematic Design in Hotels (Hillit Mazor);
Curiosity, review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon); House of the Season, selected apartments and houses (Shira Shenton).

AI# 41
Editorial, Winding Road to Democracy (Ami Ran); Architect Amnon
Alexandroni, Twilights of Sunrise (Ami Ran); Not Dead Yet, The Shop Vs the Mall (Shira Shenton); Settlements Around the Dead Sea, Legacy of Mixed
Blessings (Udit Lorrain Belkine); A Matter of Fortune, Mature Building for the Aged (Ami Ran & Moshe Margalith); Bruno Zevi, Words in his Memory (Iris Aravot); Build Your Home, While You're Young (Rachel Ben Aharon);
Curiosity, Review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon); Interiors,
Natural Light as a Starting Point (Hillit Mazor).

AI# 42
Editorial, Less words more Architecture (Ami Ran); The Abstract Context of
"Morphosis", Interview with Thom Mayne (Ami Ran); Third Millennium Trends,
It's All in the message (Siona Shimshi); Droog Design, Back to Basics with a Twist (Alex Ward); The Silence of Bet Gamal, a harmony of Naive Simplicity
(Udit Lorrain Belkine); From Frank Gehry to Hans Hollein, Via Bruno Zevi
(Ronit Eden); House of the Season, , Review of Apartments and Houses (Shira Shenton); The Wonders of the Israeli Pavilion, At the Venice Biennale (Udi- Lir.); Curiosity, Review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon).

AI# 43
Editorial, Of Neighbors and Brutalism (Ami Ran); Montage of Attractions,
Interview with Bernard Tschumi (Alan Cohl); From Venice to Hannover, The 7th Biennale & Expo 2000 (Siona Shimshi); Beer Sheva, In the Age of the Train (Hillit Mazor& Mati Kones); New Phases of te Elongated Space, At the Kimmel-Eshkolot Practice (Ami Ran); House of the Season, - Rooftop
Apartment; Curiosity, Review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon);
Feng Shui: A Relevant Philosophy?, Wisdom of Balanced Architecture (Ayelet Shalev).

AI# 44
Editorial, The Search for Authenticity (Ami Ran); Paris can take it, The
Expressionist Architecture of Frederic Borel (Rachel Ben Aharon); The Cite,
International Center for Arts (Siona Shimshi); The "Religious", Staggered
Balconies (Udit Lorrain Belkine with A. Prigat and Y. Barlach); The Semiotic
Steel, of Haim Dotan (Hillit Mazor); Cross Israeli Highway, Connecting or
Dividing the Country?, (Ami Ran); House f the Season, Between L and S
(Shira Shenton); Curiosity, Review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben
Aharon).

AI# 45
Editorial, Authority and Domination (Ami Ran); Waste Water Treatment
Plants, We Have the Technology (Ami Ran & Yair Folkman); The Shoah is not a Show, Design of Holocaust Museums (Siona Shimshi); Vistas From Above, On the Fifth Elevation (Hillit Mazor); What does Function Say about Form, The Architecture of Yacov Rechter (Ami Ran); Between Form and Aesthetics, to Title or not to Title (Shira Shenton); Curiosity, Review of Architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon); Until the Wind Changes, Doron Gazit's Wind Sculptures (Udit Lorrain Belkine).

AI# 46
Architect (Ami Ran) Editorial ,Pleasant Ride with no risk.
Architect( lilach paz,) architecture at the horizon. interview with Gert Windgardh (Eyal Shani) controlled exposure, young designers.
Landscape Architect (Bruce Levin) ,Townscsaping the fragmented.Haifa’s new scenic route (Udit Lorraine Belkine) ,private moments in minimal conditions ,public toilets, (Rachel ben Aharon) curiosity, review of architectural events, (Ami ran) watching tv or gazing at the silhouette, (Ganit Mayslits Kassif & Udi Kassif)

AI# 47
Architect (Ami Ran) editorial - I herbey notify all my neighbors
(Udit Lorraine Belkine) ,How the mighty are fallen, the collapse of the twin towers Dr . Hillit Mazor ,entiries exits and in between.
Architect Ami Ran, text and context ,the readers are gettung tired,
Landscape Architect Bruce Levin ,Iris Hochman, scenery ,focal points accessibility & shade ,vital elements in planning promenades,
(Architect Ami Ran) three schools ,one teacher ,Architect Yechiel Korin,
Rachel

AI# 48
Ami Ran - Editorial - good intentions do not constitute guarantee.
Iris Hochman new look for a landmark ,competition
Architect Ami Ran - a random meeting between square and circle
Varda d. Sarnat ; Udit lorraine Belkine , graffiti ,legitimate vandalism
Dr Hillit Mazor ,penal center
for mental health (Dr. Ami Ran), Herod’s Hotel, Eilat interview with architect Yoav Igra, Curiosity ,review of architectural events (Rachel Ben Aharon), Shira Shenton, Two houses ,Simple Yet not simplistic

AI# 49
Dr .Ami Ran From the editors desk ,its all in the coffee,
Udit Lorraine Belkine ,Comparative critique ,Hotel Ramon and Tabgha hostel. Varda Sarnat and Dr Ami Ran - High-rise, not the only way.
Dr Hillit Mazor ,Israeli House in Caesarea - Architectural Workshop;
Contrast & Complement - Interview with Architects Amir Mann & Ami Shinar ; Curiosity - Review of Architectural events ((Rachel Ben Aharon);
Shira Shenton - House of the Season, Countryside corner house.

AI# 50
Dr . Ami Ran, from the editors desk, Dickens and Escher
Dr. Hillit Mazor - Babi-Yar heritage & community centre ,Kiev;
Tigran Hasic; Time, light and space; Richard Meier’s architecture (Sharon Meitlis), public opportunity 1 ,IBM research & Development Center (Robert Reikmans) , public opportunity 2 ,government energy center (Rachel Ben Aharon) ,public opportunity 3 , Government offices complex (Ami Ran); Varda d Sarnat , Architectural charrette, building near the shore; Curiosity - review of architectural events;
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , integrated versus freestanding.

AI# 51
Dr. Ami Ran from the editors desk ,much ado about nothing
Dr, Hillit Mazor, demographic ego-trip, the Emperors New Clothes
Rachel Ben Aharon, Architectural Charrete , architecture versus urbanism
Dr. Hillit Mazor ,between sculpture and environment, Aarale Ben Arieh landmarks (Dr. Ami Ran) ; Sceptical Modernism - Kolker - Kolker -Epstein Architects.
Rachel Ben Aharon - Curiosity, review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton- House of the Season,”cool” - not necessarily costly.

AI# 52
Dr. Ami Ran from the editors desk - climbing mount sinai ; small talks with four deans of architecture - interview by Ami Ran;
Rachel Ben Aharon, competition, Israel Antiquities Authority center;
Architect David Kroyanker - documentation incentive for conservation;
Dr.Hillit Mazor architecture charrette , climate conscious architecture
Robert Reikmans, sustainable benefits, the bran and the gallery
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity, review of architectural events
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, ,House in wahat elsalam

AI# 53
Dr.Ami Ran ,from the editors desk , corruption or coincidence
Alberto Cruzs open city, Valaparaiso (Architect Netanel Mayer).
Rachel Ben Aharon ,competition ,Israel board of trade offices;
Dr, Michael Chyutin .Dr, Hillit Mazor, Translated and improved - Beit Lohamei Hagetaot - competition; In the eye of the Photographer - Amit Geron’s works; Rechter Prize for Architecture finalists.
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton - House of the Season, between two walls.

AI# 54
Dr. Ami Ran, editorial - the Shocken Case for instance.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,we are all sustainable ,green community in Beit Shean.
Architect Peter Keinan ,Portugal , Architecture in the age of the masses
Dr. Ami Ran, closing a circle , interview with architect Moshe Safdie
Dr.Ami Ran , post and poseur ,postmodern itches
Dr.Hillit Mazor ,arcod,less flamboyant ,more user friendly.
Rachel Ben Aharon curiosity, review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, ,the courtyard house at mount tabor

AI# 55
Dr.Ami Ran ,Editorial, open letter to all liberal professions.
Architect Ram Aharonov , a different opera , the architecture of sir Michael Hopkins; Architect Moshe Atzmon - You get what you Deserve - poor man’s urban planning.
Dr. Ami Ran ,wonderful conservation? case study on UNESCO's designations.
Dr . Ami Ran privatized companion ,architectural embrace of A.B. Tichnun.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, ,rhythms and rituals

AI# 56
Dr.Ami Ran - Editorial - not all is vanity ,my dear reader
Dr. Iris Aravot, Netzstadt - A net model for urban design.
Dr. Ami Ran - a sense of proportion - sacred numbers in architecture.
Architect Arad Sharon ,who placed the camel on the kunsthal, Rem Koolhaas and the junk-spaces.
Dr.Ami Ran, the hidden machine - between high tech and good-tech.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, review of architectural events.
Bonnie Evans House of the Season, ,two houses designed by young architects.

AI# 57
Dr. Ami Ran,Editorial ,the east bank of the western thought
Architect Allen Kohl, the new addition, the tel aviv museum of art
Dr . Hillit Mazor , Place of refuge, the house in the Galilee.
Dr. Ami Ran ,if ever I forgot thee, remind me ,renewal plan for Jerusalem City Center.
Architect Arad Sharon, winery at kibbutz Yiron, Weinstein Vaadia Architects,
Rachel Ben Aharon curiosity ,review of architectural events
Bonnie Evans - House of the Season, the sound of silence

AI# 58
Dr. Ami Ran ,editorial kulla bulla and chnuna
Dr.Ami Ran - sculptural dimension of architectural - the truth between form and content.
Dr.Hillit Mazor ,What hides behind “Green Architecture”,stepping forward ,looking back.
Bonnie Evans ,House of the Season, House in Ramat Hasharon.
Rachel Ben Aharon , Curiosity - review of architectural events.
Dr. Ami Ran ,Lets talk about formalism ,A talk with Prof.Moshe Zur

AI# 59
Dr. Ami Ran ,editorial David king of Israel
Rachel Ben Aharon ,the old city of Venice as parable, the 9th biennale of architecture.
Dr. Ami Ran ,end of melancholy era , the human dimension.
Dr.Hillit Mazor - Ben Gurion terminal 3 - Israel’s new international airport .
Bonnie Evans, House of the Season - on the slopesGalilee
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Architect Arad Sharon - patrons of architecture, the symbiotic relationship.

AI# 60
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -If we give up ideas ,we are left with stones
Dr.Ami Ran, the renewal plan for Lifta ,where times stands still
Dr.Ami Ran - downtown Tiberias - the Scots Hotel.
Dr.Ami Ran , chat with Tzadik and Elie Eliakim, depositing your ego ain’t easy
Rachel Ben Aharon ,trends in interior design, transient benefit
Dr. Hillit Mazor - air force structures, the aerial privilege.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,Curiosity - review of architectural events.
Bonnie Evans, Karmi Melamede’s layered architecture ,the space between the walls.

AI# 61
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -one should not demolish
Richard Benishai, the influence of underlying energies, invisible architecture
Dr.Ami Ran, dialogue with Zeev Drukman ,amongst other off-the shelf items
Rachel Ben Aharon, architect Eli Armon, the flaw of the opponent
Dr.Ami Ran ,minimalist versus saturated, the collapsing point.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity - review of architectural events.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, the new Yad Vashem Museum, justice will rupture the mountain.

AI# 62
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -one more reincarnation ,bruno
Erez Golani-solomon - Christian Dimmer - Shinonome Canal Court ,Tokyo - the private case of public space.
Dr.Ami Ran - Israel embassies in the east - things we can’t see from here.
Dr.Ami Ran A dialogue with architect Dan Reuveni, intuitive objectification.
Dr.Hillit Mazor ,plan for renovation of the Mann Auditorium, whose building is this?
Bonnie Evans, House of the Season, , light slits in the extension
Rachel Ben Aharon with Eran Kaftan, passive ,yet not indifferent, cellular shading method.
Rachel Ben Aharon - curiosity - review of architectural events.
Dr.Ami Ran psychotic aspects of the profession - I know -I am not necessarily aware.

AI# 63
Dr. Ami Ran ,editorial, surrealist digitation
Rachel Ben Aharon ,Ben Yehuda House, Jerusalem, enforced, yet manageable marriage.
Dr.Ami Ran, the missed opportunity of competitions, not all of us dream of the lottery.
Architect Yasha Grobman ,the digital era, revolution or evolution
Dr.Ami Ran, biological clock operates analogously, the digital paradox.
Natalie Mann, top Doran event hall, Rehovot, styling the lifestyle.
Dr. Hillt Mazor ,supporting buildings at the Ben Gurion Airport, from hovering roofs to the boulevard.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,Curiosity - review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton, Epic nightclub - Ramat Hahayal - Zvika’s magic performance.
Bonnie Evans, House of the Season, , the house on Elisha Street.

AI# 64
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial, thank you ,Federbusch
Dr.Ami Ran & Tomer Naui, between odors and urban depth ,urban smells
Architect Arie Bar-On ,prosperous malls and dying streets ,streets battles.
Shira Shenton, Shazar elementary school, Neve Offer ,not merely cosmetics.
Dr. Ami Ran, Skorka Architects ,dialogue with the cypress grove.
Gavriela Nussbaum, timber structures ,the Finnish Renaissance
Rachel Ben Aharon curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Bonnie Evans, House of the Season, , the invisible flat.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, Architect Hava Baram, Rabin center for Israel studies ,the paradigm wall.

AI# 65
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial, the iq behind the asterisks
David Kroyanker, Jerusalem center ,Jaffa street as case study
Dr. Hillit Mazor ,the tel aviv college ,Jaffa, the image is in the building.
Dr.Ami Ran, dialog with Zeev Druckmann, you need deep water for fat fish.
Shira Shenton ,interiors without chewed up cliches, more concept, less pretense.
Dr,Ami Ran - the 2005 Milan trade fair - Fuksas’s Veil.
Rachel Ben Aharon - the secrets of heaven - Feng Shui Icons.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Bonnie Evans ,House of the Season, ,between architecture and house.
Tomer Naui, Hillit Mazor - Plot=JDS + BIG, the split plot.

AI# 66
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -in Herzliya they fight the trees.
Dr.Alex Krupitsky ,Dr Ami Ran, ensembles , no such notion.
Gerald Grusin ,Dr Ami Ran - Between Mendelssohn and Rechter - A real story about BInyanei Ha’uma.
Asher Elbaz,auroville, Mira Alfassa’s kibbutz.
Dr.Ami Ran,yasky corner of Karmi-Melamede, turning point at Ben Gurion campus.
Bonnie Evans, House of the Season, , the common zen,
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity , review of architectural events.
Bonnie Evans ,personalized transactions ,new look for banks.
Dr. Hillit Mazor , The Dutch avant-Garde,Erick Van Egeraat.

AI# 67
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -project 2006 of the year award.
Dr.Ami Ran, project of the year award, research works category.
Shira Shenton ,project of the year award, students category.
Bonnie Evans ,project of the year award ,conceptual projects category.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, project of the year award, landscape category.
Rachel Ben Aharon, project of the year award, interior design category.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity , review of architectural events.

AI# 68
Dr.Ami Ran, editorial -its hrd to be professional
Zvika El-Az,beenthere, Rubio’s @ and some others
Shira Shenton ,architectural esperanto, reconstructed Caesarea Port.
Dr.Ami Ran ,can’t see the sea for the fish, where precisely lay the poetics
Dr. Hillit Mazor ,well designed ,not necessarily costly
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,project of the year award, second phase nominees 2006

AI# 69
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial - flowers & neighbors
Sharon Gur-Zeev ,experimental ,associative parametric design.
Shira Shenton ,interiors , renovated Neptune hotel ,Eilat
Dr.Ami Ran ,food for thought , hetrogenous omelet.
Dr. Hillit Mazor public space ,new Rishon Letsion municipality.
Bonnie Evans ,House of the Season, ,house in the Sharon.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity , review of architectural events.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,Ada Karmi Melamede, Yaacov Yaar, recipients of 2007 ,Israel prize.

AI# 70
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -unruly hairs.
Dr. Hillit Mazor - Sejima & Nishizawa, around the world Sanaa.
Architect Dr. Ami Ran ,handicapped architects, equal rights for the handicapped.
Arcitect Dr. Ami Ran ,food for thought ,the added value of additions.
Shmulik Bachar, inside out ,the caravan in gotlieb’s junkyard.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,competition results ,tourist attraction ,Jerusalem.
Bonnie Evans, beyond the mantle ,loblolly house.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, concrete & the rest ,the Alon Building for HI-TECH
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , adornment - less gray.

AI# 71
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial - zlicha if I exaggerated
Dr.Hillit Mazor ,sukkot, make -shift vs.the dancing porch
Architect Dr.Ami Ran ,food for thought ,hothouses in the summer and tents in the winter.
Architect Dr . Ami Ran, tophographoloy, stationary & dynamic in Shlomo Aronson’s work.
Rachel Ben Aharon, patron’s court,the competition for the Jerusalem courthouse.
Shira Shenton ,House of the Season, ,style with a house.
Rachel Ben Aharon, competition results, tourists attraction ,Jerusalem
Bonnie Evans ,asymptote, tangent to an infinite curve.

AI# 72
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -want a bit abroad.
Project of the year, students category.
Project of the year, research category.
Project of the year ,Landscape category
Project of the year, Unbuilt projects category.
Project of the year, Interior Design
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Project Of The Year ,Buildings Category

AI# 73
Dr. Ami Ran ,editorial, flattening mount tabor
Dr.Ami Ran ,Maayan Aliman, cities sans urbanism, eastern docklands, Amsterdam.
Dr.Ami Ran , cyberscape, where do virtual relations take place.
Bonnie Evans, Dutch daring, Winka Dubbeldam-archi -tectonics.
Dr.Hillit Mazor ,meeting at the junction,Microsoft Israel offices , Ra’anana.
Shira Shenton ,flat for two or three,symmetry-not necessarily a bad word.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,Curiosity - review of architectural events,
Arcitecture Of Israel ,Project of the year ,honorary mentions.

AI# 74
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial - .
Dr.Hillit Mazor ,Shenkar college competition ,master plan and Azrieli building.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,joy/sadness, architect’s illustrating abstract ideas.
Shira Shenton, landscape,Australian garden.
Bonnie Evans ,parametric ecology, sir Nicholas Grimshaw’s dynamic mantles.
Dr. Ami Ran ,climate - campus Sde Boker, Ben Gurion university of the Negev.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity, review of architectural events.
Dr. Hillit Mazor ,Atlantis adventure, domain for lost parents.
Dr.Ami Ran ,space appropriation ,the private aspect of public space.

AI# 75
Dr.Ami Ran, editorial -saintly month
Bonnie Evans ,Abba Elhanani- 1918-2008 .
Dr.Ami Ran ,no man’s land, the seas canal and intelligent alternatives.
Prof.Siona Shimshi ,Villa Tugendhat ,Brno 1928-30,House of the 20th century.
Dr. Hillit Mazor ,the canteen as a smile, IDF building center encourages creativity.
Shira Shenton ,House of the Season, , roof flat ,12 Mazeh Street,Tel -Aviv.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Dr.Ami Ran, Hi -Tech is sometimes, yearning for a low -tech house.

AI# 76
Dr,Ami Ran - editorial -the uncertainty of routine.
Project Of The Year, unbuilt projects category.
Project Of The Year landscape category.
Project Of The Year, student category.
Project Of The Year, research category.
Project Of The Year, interior design category.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Project Of The Year ,buildings category.

AI# 77
Dr.Ami Ran ,editorial -jeans or karmi
Hillit Mazor ,the environmental “self”,Kibbutz Neot Smadar,Shizafon junction.
Prof.Ram Karmi / Dr. Ami Ran ,between the technological devil,final project-whence.
Bonnie Evans ,imagine without, new building at the knesset domain,
Osvaldo Stav ,the umbrella and the coiffure ,protection -inherent architecture.
Dr. Ami Ran ,got ya ! and we shall act, ambient intelligence, who’s vs . whom.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , house in Herzliya pituah.

AI# 78
Dr.Ami Ran, editorial -to die from heat or stupidity.
David Lloyd Jones ,the next generation ,from sustainable to transformable.
Rachel Ben Aharon ,green and other colors of battle, the meaning of colors.
Emilio Ambasz; Ami Ran ,between dear Emilio & Arch . Ambasz, Emilio Amasaz’s green buildings.
Dr. Hillit Mazor , Gesundheit ,the new Assuta hospital , Tel - Aviv.
Shira Shenton ,House of the Season, , house in Herzliya pituach.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity ,review of architectural events.
Bonnie Evans ,Cafe’ Tav,Tav group interactive architecture.

AI# 79
Dr.Ami Ran, editorial pride and prejudice.
Dr. Hillit Mazor , time and user test ,who has the final word.
Shira Shenton to delft and back ,chatting with Uri Cohen.
Benamy Turkienicz / Ami Ran, soft software, softest performance oriented software. Buren Kart, Norwegian wood, Jensen & architects.
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity , review of architectural events.
Dr. Ami Ran , added value houses, the synergic dimension of architecture.

AI# 80
Dr. Ami Ran, editorial, faq israeli style.
Project Of The Year , Arieh Eldar Sharon prize for students.
Project Of The Year , E. Ambasz award for green architecture.
Project Of The Year, research category.
Project Of The Year, Unbuilt category.
Project Of The Year, Landscape category.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity , architectural events.
Project Of The Year, Interior design category.
Project Of The Year, Buildings category.

AI# 81
Dr Ami Ran, editorial - when love is converted to money.
Architect Eli Majus, Know thy origins., Israel 1939-1956.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, the archeological house, open competition.
Dr . Ami Ran Hi- Rise residential buildings, is a bluff higher or less dense.
Rachel Ben Aharon, Now in the country, summer pavilion , Ramat Gan museum.
Shira Shenton, private home in the city, House of the Season, .
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events.
Bonnie Eavans, exposition in Shanghai, Expo 2010.

AI# 82
Dr, Ami Ran , editorial - this summer we're eating plasticine.
Bonnie Evans, the knitted yarmulkes , Rafael Vinoly,
Tamar Gat, when Craig met Ming, hodgetts + architecture.
Rachel Ben Aharon, conservation in the spirit, Gutman Museum- Beit Hasofer.
Ami Ran, Efrat Friedland, the truth behind the substance, materials and building technologies.
Shira Shenton, house and flat of the season, wooden plate house and rewritten flat.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity , architectural events.
Hillit Mazor, in search of packaging, rene van zuuk.
Ami Ran, imagery or imagination, the role of metaphor in architecture.

AI# 83
Dr. Ami Ran, editorial - cynicism - heaven forbid.
Arch ,Ilan Kariv , Prof . Henry Abramovitch. ,where has the arch gone, annals of the Hurva Synagogue.
Irit Ron, Ami Ran, training base 1, transformations of training base city.
Dr. Ami Ran, not necessarily small, compact dimension of architecture.
Shira Shenton ,House of the Season, , Australian extension , Melbourne.
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity, architectural events.
Bonnie Evans, let's twist again, villa nm, upstate New York 2000-2006

AI# 84
Dr. Ami Ran, editorial - bless you Baruch.
Arch . Avital Bar - Shay , cultural leisure, the container museum in the Haifa Biennale.
Ami Ran interviewing arch . Gidi Bar-On, Rothschild Balfour , corner of Bar Orian architects.
Shira Shenton , House of the Season, , between positive and negative spaces.
Arch. Tzadik Elyakim , first come first served, revolutionary master -plan in Bat-Yam.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity , architectural events.
Arch. Arad Sharon , lost in Tokyo, every autumn.
Arch . Ami Ran , revolution comme revolution, industrial component of architecture.

AI# 85
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial - following you as blindman.
Dr. Ami Ran, unbearable hospitality, how not to plan a ward.
Dikla Maor, Shanti house in the desert.
Dr. Ami Ran, interactive schools , arenas for interaction in schools.
Rachel Ben Aharon, blood vessels and heart rooms, heart building , Tel Aviv medical center.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events.
Bonnie evans, white 3 Santa Ana's Chapel , Sousanil , Portugal.
Shira Shenton, white 2 , house in Liberia, Portugal.
Bonnie Evans, white 1 - visual disorder, the role of white in visual representation.

AI# 86
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial - it works.
Dr. Ami Ran, behave yourself , architectural determinism.
Arch. Michal Aharony , the empty hand, the passage from India to Chandigarch.
Dr. Irit Tsaraf Netanyahu , 40 + , distinguished students - where are they ?
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events.
Bonnie Evans , Irish cream , Odos Archhitects.
Dr . Ami Ran - 73 +- , generation of 73 , and all the rest- History .

AI# 87
Ami Ran, editorial - happy ending.
Project of the year & Emilio Ambasz award for green architecture, Architect Dr. Ami Ran, introduction.
Research Category...
Arieh Sharon & Eldar Sharon prize for creative students, student category.
Unbuilt project category.
Landscape category.
Built structures category,
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity, architectural events.

AI# 88
Ami Ran, editorial - from a crazy hole blows a crazy wind .
Prof . Siona Shimshi , Urban- Tel Aviv culture domain. , the Park-House.
Prof . Siona Shimshi , Urban 2 , the culture piazza.
Hillit Mazor , Urban 3 , Habima Theater.
Dr, Ami Ran , something to think of , Coherent - usually not homogenous.
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity , architectural events.
Prof . Shraga Kirshner , Requiem to the white box. , Tel Aviv museum of art.

AI# 89
Dr . Ami Ran - editorial - how much positive in "negative" .
Architect Arad Sharon , competitions , have we mentioned ?
Dr . Ami Ran - food for thought , musical architecture .
Hillit Mazor , where are they now , Tau school of architecture .
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity , architectural events .
Bonnie Evans , place occasion and time , nieto sobejano arquittectos .

AI# 90
Dr . Ami Ran - editorial - Saborjian the genius from Iran.
Dr . Ami Ran - quality & qualification , talent and skill in the regime of cad .
Hillit Mazor , Bezalel graduates of the 90'S , where they are now :
Yoel Braidman
Nurit Agmon
Ron Rozen
Daniela Plesner
Moran Palmoni
Dana Oberzon
Gal Marom
Michael Ankava , Uri Ben Dror .
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity , architectural events.
Bonnie Evans , Mc'bride charles Ryan , what did form say to the function .

AI# 91
Dr . Ami Ran - editorial - Enjoy
Rachel Ben Aharon , project of the year , student category
Hillit Mazor , project of the year , Un-Built projects
Bonnie Evans , project of the year , landscape category .
Dr . Ami Ran - project of the year , research category .
Shira Shenton , project of the year , interior category .
Rachel Ben Aharon , curiosity , news & events .
Dr . Ami Ran - project of the year , built category.

AI# 92
Dr. Ami Ran , Editorial , god keep me from cold wind
Lior Wolf , Tali Wexler , the "Nayural " landscape, Yahalom- Tzur landscape architects
Dr. Ami Ran , the craft of survival , architect Oscar Niemeyer.
Asher Elbaz / Ami Ran , where has aesthetics disappered, food for thought.
Bonnie Evans , starting here , kindergarten in Givatayim.
Rachel Ben Aharon , urban aesthetics , house in Tamatsu, Osaka , Japan .
Bonnie Evans , functional aesthetics , offices.
Bonnie Evans , once I was a house, Shifting from function to emotion.
Rachel Ben Aharon , Curiosity , architectural events.
Dr. Ami Ran , portrait of a head, interview with architect Yitzhak Laiwand .

AI# 93
Dr. Ami Ran , Editorial , just about
Yair Scwartz, the green between lead and bream, sustainable building rating systems
Ami Ran, Yasha Grobman, Shraga Kirshner, how smart can a phone be, spatial digitization
Hilit Mazor, Landmark, Netanya Stadium
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , Villa Roces Bruges Belgium
Rachel Ben Aharon, Curioisty, architectural events
Bonnie Evans, Rojkind Architectos, Bless is More, Tori Tori Restaurant, Falcon Corporative Headquarters, Casa pR34, Nestle Chocolate Museum, Liverpool department store

AI# 94
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial - I close my eyes Shimon and write
Prof. Siona Shimshi, three who made history, third reich architecture
Ohad Tsfati, wisdom ethics and ritual, Sento – Japanese public baths
Hilit Mazor, food culture and the street, Taizu Asian restaurant, begin road Tel Aviv
Bonnie Evans, flat of the season, Ben Yehuda Gordon
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , private house in Pituach
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events
Dr. Ami Ran, the emperor's new clothes, building envelopes in a rating era, Campus Palmas Altas Seville Spain, Pavilion Bridge Zaragoza Expo Spain, Coca Cola Branch Madrid, Telefonica HQ district C Madrid, National Aquatics Center Beijing China

AI# 95
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial - Shnor and charity in the color of the night
Bonnie Evans, the new corridor of high-tech companies, Vmware offices Herzliya Pituach
Dr. Ami Ran, preservation cans what's in there, emotional conservation
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , love – not what it seems, house of love Los Angeles
Hillit Mazor, dual appointment, studio Baranowitz / Amit, Tabor winery visitor center Kfar Tavor, Unique gift network for men, Yonah – open code restaurant hangar 1 Jaffa Port, Kisu cosmetics boutique Tel Aviv, Livo – olive oil boutique Rothchild boulevard Tel Aviv
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events
Rachel Ben Aharon, Isthmus of one thousand lovers, crosson Clarke carnachan architects, the "Lifeguard's Hut", Eagle Nest, Coromandel Bach House, Tutukaka House, Kuaotunu House

AI# 96
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial - Big bro
The Emilio Embasz Award for Green Architecture, Project of the year, Research category
The Emilio Embasz Award for Green Architecture, Project of the year, Student category
The Emilio Embasz Award for Green Architecture, Project of the year, Landscape category
The Emilio Embasz Award for Green Architecture, Project of the year, Interior design category
The Emilio Embasz Award for Green Architecture, Project of the year, Pre-built category
Dr. Ami Ran, How close is not too close, Together we are them
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events
The Emilio Embasz Award for Green Architecture, Project of the year, Built category

AI# 97
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial - Imagine a beautiful world
Dr. Ami Ran , Fell off a lorry ,Architect Prof Avraham Yaski
Bonnie Evans, Knowledge control-the rest fashion, Teaching institution design
Dr. Ami Ran , Brain damage, Libidinal reaction to architecture
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events
Architect Michal Aharoni, Hillit Mazor,Local reality in a universal game, Global revolution culture still local.

AI# 98
Dr. Ami Ran , editorial -the taste of longing for quiet.
Dr. Ami Ran , ethical irregularies in urban space, welcoming geometry.
Dr. Ami Ran , chatting with architect prof. Eli First, new chairman of the architects' association.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, the logic in front above and, vertical versus horizontal.
Bonnie Evans, cultured sport, sami ofer stadium Haifa.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events.
Dr. Ami Ran, complicated is sometimes longing for simple, why diagonally.

AI# 99
Dr. Ami Ran , Editorial, you played a tune on the guitar.
Dr. Ami Ran , architects don't die they just move away, late architect Kalman Katz.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, subjectivizing architectural gaps & voids, no light without a creck.
Shira Shenton, House of the Season, , semi-detached house in Ramat Hasharon.
Dr. Ami Ran, chat about eye level planning, landscape in the sky.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events.
Bonnie Evans, architecture is not subject to rules, snohetta peaks.

AI# 100
Dr. Ami Ran , Editorial, living on a quarterly basis.
Dr. Ami Ran ,sarona colony tal aviv, the conservation question – and answer.
Shira Shenton, Avi Livay – Yoel Dvoriansky architects, not bored, probably not boring.
Dr. Hillit Mazor, David Nofar architects, night jump into architectural freedom.
Rachel Ben Aharon, curiosity, architectural events.
Bonnie Evans, Hagy Belzberg architects, from ramat gan to los angels and back.

AI# 101
Containment Counseling - editor architect dr. ami ran.
Duch babushka - containment relations in the new market hall, Rotterdam (MVRDV).
kilometer from Gaza, an hour from tel aviv - the new train station in Sderot (Shinar-Mann Architects).
bridge over troubled water - ami ran chats with Architects Nili and Nir Chen.
Curiosity - Rachel Ben Aharon.
the art of ecology - 24H Architects.
AI #102
Between Dream and Reality - Ami ran; where are the 1986 Supreme Court Competition winners; Maharal Vineyard - House of the Season; Norman Hotel; Hide and seek games - Belonging Elements in Chaotic Situations.

AI #103
Winter Time - Editorial; BridgeTo the Mistress - interview with architect Nehemia Gorali; a different head - chat with architect Gilad Duvshani; Definitely Spontaneous - House of the Season; Form and Formulation.

AI #104
Coffee and Cherries - Editorial; 2015 Project of the year Competition winners.

AI #105
Salted Eggs - Editorial; Places 4-10 in 2015 Project of the year Competition; The Sea Option - Worm and Clouded - go to the beach; What really lies behind the Housing Shortage; Highlight - the space between light and lighting; The Search Obsession - what you see is not what you get.


AI #106
% Units in Stupidity - Editorial; Cultural Center at Airport City; Kitchen, Dinning Hall and all the rest - multifunctional at Nahal Soreq; The Tree and the Apple - architect Dan Dorell was born closed yet raised afar; Architect Kedem Shinar communicates with the celery of Karmei Yosef; Constant VS Variable - the cad between architecture and interior design.

AI #107
Ostensibly a love song - Editorial; The National Center for Israeli Robustness - competition; Urban Renewal - between NOP 38 and the Evacuate for Rebuilt method; The monumental dimension - Architectural breakthrough or self glorification; A matter of common sec - things we can't see from here; Rebranding via a logistics building in the Soreq Triangle; Acoustic Comfort beyond the rest hours; Webb Yates Engineering’s architectural beauty spots.

AI #108
J.N.Fun - Editorial; Omti Ravesz’s Forecast of Patterns of Behavior; Rintala Egertson Architects Unpredictable Grey Urban Forests; Snarky Noise Bends Round Corners; Street Furniture - the Sum of our Mistakes; Duplex Flat in Tel Aviv.

AI #109
The Sound of the Fallen Was Never Heard - Editorial; Architect Asaf Lerman Goes to the Sea only When there are high waves; Noise- A Subjective Phenomenon that doesn’t bother Those Who Make it; HoG inspiring Starting point for Architects Studios residing in the Monastery rooftop; Design Patterns - from the Greek Orders to a Basement with an Illegal Entrance; Rsidential Lobbies Replacing the Conventional Stairwell; Casa Kwantes, - MVRDV’s two facetted House in Rotterdam.

AI #110
Schleien Default - Editorial; 3D Building Printing - The New Phase in Industrial Architecture; Architectural Copyright - Architects’ Intellectual rights VS Asset Ownership; The Iluminated side of the Mountain - Finearc Architects’ Make-up Pencil; Architect Prof. Moshe Tzur Doesn’t Believe in Conflict of Interests; between Form and Content; Flat of the Season - Studio Margeza’s Apartment in Budapest.


 AI #111
Gentil Song - Editorial; 2018 Project of the year Competition winners.
 
AI #112
Speak for – against we are all - Editorial;
Thai termitology – Tourism in Koh Yao Noi; Behind the scenes at King's cross – The light is on nobody at home; Guest of the season – avanto architects hole in the ice; House of the season – warm smile anonymous cube; Food for thought – mixed use or mixed cliché.
 
AI #113
Smart Friends – Editorial; Visit to the church in Ronchamp – The tent and the caves; Worth a look – architectural photography; New trends in school design – From the class to the yard; Interview with arc. Moshe Safdie – fly far see close; Sustainable marketing – Co-working spaces;
 
AI#114
Trust me@the bag of tall stores;
From a personal point of view – the green room; gust of the season- DMAA;
Landscape – amir avenue a place in Hadera; building conversion –
the programme& all her sisters; house of the season – Mevasert zion;
food for thought – more or less
 
 
AI#115
Tuvia's choice – editorial; guests of the season – Finnish architects;
Urban – the blue gatekeepers; profile – so architecture; house of the season –
House in the Jordan valley; food for though – testosterone vs cortisol
 
 
AI#116
Editorial: happy birthday; 2018-2019 Project of the year Competition winners

AI# 117.
Architect Dr. Ami Ran. editorial -from freedom to slavery; Renzo Piano; somthing to be afraid of in 3D reality; ostensibly assembled building; atarot mall, jerusalem; ramon international airport; House in upper galilee.

AI# 118.
We're still here; the egg and the chicken; yearning for attention; the transition to the small laptop; architectural events; the mirror houses.

119. Where have all the humble gone; What they teach in architectural schools - whatsapping with Dean Tasha Grobman; the move from the large drain table to the small laptop; One Syllable architecture in the twitter era; Houses in Kibbutz Regavim - liat Baavour.

120. Unworthy of all cameras’ mercy; whatsapping with Prof. Hillel Schocken; Psychological aspects of conservation; Skijored Hyatt, Norway; The rule of visibility in architecture.

121. editorial -n we looked evolution in the eye and she sneezed in our faces. The impact of corona on architecture; Project of the Year 2020 review - Chair Prof. Winka Dubbledam ; building category (assaf Lerman); interior design category (Ayelet Safran); Product design category (Alon Razgour); Landscape category (Sang Day Lee); Student category (Adi Barda); Unbuilt category (Joyce Oron); Research category (Michal Rinda, Natalie Selfin).

122. Walking to Caesarea - editorial; Visible concrete VS invisible abstract; Raphael hospital (Studio Gad Halperin); Gesture to Italian architect (Salvatore Spataro); Architects paint (Architect Dr. Ami Ran Shinar, Ofer Margalit).

123. What will be our end - editorial; Natural light and complementary artificial lighting - functional and aesthetic aspects; Yehudit Bridge - Chen Architects; Simple houses spoken quietly - Tifat Chohen, Tali Luzon; Architects paint - Aric Snieder, Ziv Tidhar.

124. I saw a cypress - editorial; Asset Ashdod Hospital - Marcelo Brestovisky; Rain water and flood prevention; House of the three segments, Paulo Merlini Architects; Architect Yaron Eldad walking off the track; Architects paint - Gidi Powsner.

{{cleanup|reason=These references need to be moved inline|date=February 2021}}
*6. "Turkienicz's webpage at the university" (https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Benamy_Turkienicz2). Retrieved 2020-07-25.
*7. "Carmon's profesional details" (https://muchanut.haifa.ac.il/index.php/en/about-eng/first-row/researchers/item/18-carmon-naomi). Retrieved 2020-07-25.
*8. "Stav's bussiness webpage" (https://www.osvaldo-stav.com/about-us). Retrieved 2020-07-25.
*9. "Meir's webpage at the university" (https://in.bgu.ac.il/en/engn/struct/pages/staff/Sakis.aspx). Retrieved 2020-07-25.
*10. "Grobman's webpage at the institute" (https://grobman.net.technion.ac.il/). Retrieved 2020-07-25.


==External links== ==External links==
{{commons category|Architecture of Israel}} {{commons category|Architecture of Israel}}
* *
* * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420074827/https://arzaworld.com/israel-travel-guide/architecture-in-israel.aspx |date=2018-04-20 }}
* — ''by ]''. * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609235918/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/990951.html |date=2008-06-09 }} by ]
* , Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 26 May 1999 * , Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 26 May 1999
* *
* *
*''"Jerusalem: Architecture in the late Ottoman Period"'' — by Lili Eylo *''"Jerusalem: Architecture in the late Ottoman Period"'' by Lili Eylon

{{Asia in topic|Architecture of}} {{Asia in topic|Architecture of}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 00:34, 21 December 2024

This article is about Israel's architecture. For the quarterly magazine, see Architecture of Israel (magazine).

The architecture of Israel has been influenced by the different architectural styles of those who have inhabited the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape. Byzantine churches, Crusader castles, Islamic madrasas, Templer houses, Arab arches and minarets, Russian Orthodox onion domes, International Style modernist buildings, sculptural concrete Brutalist architecture, and glass-sided skyscrapers all are part of the architecture of Israel.

History

Further information: Architecture of Palestine

Early period

Bnei Hazir tomb and Tomb of Zechariah
Tomb of Avshalom

Ancient regional architecture can be divided into two phases based on building materials — stone and sundried mud brick. Most of the stones used were limestone.

After the Hellenistic period, hard limestone was used for columns, capitals, bases or also the Herodian enclosure walls of the Temple Mount. In the north of the country, basalt was used for building stone, door sockets, door pivots but also for drainage. Fieldstone were placed randomly or laid in courses as well as for polygonal structures, for example it is found in city walls. Rough-hewn Stones and ashlars were used for more complex structure, and they were extracted from quarries. Huge stones were used since the first century B.C. Stone dressing was primarily done with the chisel and the hammer.

Byzantine basilica (Southern Church), Shivta, Negev desert

Sundried mud bricks were the most used material until modern times, particularly in the coastal plain and valleys. Structures were roofed with timber wooden beams covered by reeds and rushes.

Ottoman period

Jerusalem stone and metal grillwork

In Lifta, until the end of the 19th century, traditional housing construction consisted of a single room without partitions, divided into levels in accordance with various functions carried out in the house:

  • Rawiyeh – a bottom level at the elevation of the courtyard considered the “dirty” part of the house, used for storage and sheltering livestock.
  • Mastabeh – A higher residential level used for sleeping, eating, hospitality and storage.
  • Sida (gallery) – Another living area above the mastaba, used primarily for sleeping.

In the second half of the 19th century, a residential story characterized by a cross-vault was added above the traditional house, creating a space between the floor with the livestock in the bottom room and the residential story. A separate entrance was installed in each story.

Fortified houses were built outside the village core and had two stories: a raised ground floor with tiny windows used for raising livestock and storage, and a separate residential floor with large windows and balconies. In the courtyard was a small structure used for storage. Sometimes a tabun baking oven would be located inside it.

The first modern building technology was evident in the farmhouses. Iron beams were used and the roofs were made of concrete and roof tiles. These structures had balconies with a view and wide doorways.

Modern architecture and town planning

Notable architects since WWI

Government Mint building, Jerusalem, designed by Austen Harrison (1935), built 1937
Geddes plan for Tel Aviv, 1925

Sensing the political changes taking place in central Europe around the time of the First World War, as well as the stirrings of Zionist ideals about the re-establishment of a homeland for Jews, numerous Jewish architects from around Europe emigrated to Palestine during the first three decades of the 20th century. While much innovative planning occurred during the time of the British Mandatory authorities, 1920–1948, in particular the town plan for Tel Aviv in 1925 by Patrick Geddes, it would be architecture designed in the modernist "Bauhaus" style that would fill the plots of that plan; among the architects who emigrated to Palestine at that time, and who went on to establish formidable careers were: Yehuda Magidovitch, Shmuel Mestechkin (1908-2004; specialised in kibbutz architecture), Lucjan Korngold (1897-1963; Poland and Brazil; the Rubinsky House, an early Le Corbusier-style building in Tel Aviv, is often misattributed to him), Jacob (Jacques, Jacov) Ornstein (1886-1953), Salomon Gepstein (1882-1961), Josef Neufeld (1899–1980) and Elsa Gidoni (1899–1978; née Mandelstamm).

Erich Mendelsohn, father of expressionist architecture, lived and worked in Israel after fleeing Nazi Germany.

Dov Karmi, Zeev Rechter and Arieh Sharon were among the leading architects of the early 1950s. Rudolf (Reuven) Trostler played an important role in designing the country's early industrial buildings. Dora Gad designed the interiors of the Knesset, the Israel Museum, the country's first large hotels, the Jewish National and University Library, El Al planes and Zim passenger ships. Amnon Niv designed Moshe Aviv Tower, then Israel's tallest building (today it's the second tallest, after the Azrieli Sarona tower). David Resnick was a Brazilian-born Israeli architect who won the Israel Prize in architecture and the Rechter Prize for iconic Jerusalem buildings such as the Israel Goldstein Synagogue and Brigham Young University on Mount Scopus.

Movie theaters

The architecture of Tel Aviv's movie theaters can be seen as a reflection of Israeli architectural history: The first cinema, the Eden, opened in 1914, was an example of the eclectic style that was in vogue at the time, combining European and Arab traditions. The Mugrabi cinema, designed in 1930, was built in art deco style. In the late 1930s, the Esther, Chen and Allenby theaters were prime examples of the Bauhaus style. In the 1950s and 1960s, brutalist style architecture was exemplified by the Tamar cinema built inside the historic Solel Boneh building on Tel Aviv's Allenby Street.

Late Ottoman period

The Templers built homes with tiled roofs like those in the German countryside.

Mandate period

Housing built during the British Mandate was urban in character, with flat roofs, rectangular doorways and painted floor tiles.

Municipal laws in Jerusalem require that all buildings be faced with local Jerusalem stone. The ordinance dates back to the British Mandate and the governorship of Sir Ronald Storrs and was part of a master plan for the city drawn up in 1918 by Sir William McLean, then city engineer of Alexandria.

Three of the six British town planners of the time were Charles Robert Ashbee, "the most pro-Arab and anti-Zionist" of them, Clifford Holliday and Austen Harrison, another important Mandate-time town planner being the German-Jewish architect Richard Kaufmann.

Classical International Style ("Bauhaus") architecture, part of the White City UNESCO World Heritage Site

The White City of Tel Aviv, a collection of over 4,000 buildings from the 1930s built in a locally adapted form of the International Style, has first been named the "White City" in 1984 and has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001. Tel Aviv has the highest concentration of international style architecture in the world.

State of Israel

In the 1950s and 1960s, Israel built rows of concrete tenements to accommodate the masses of new immigrants living in the temporary tents and tin shacks of the maabarot, some of these were known as "rakevet" or train in Hebrew due to their relative monotony and length. Many of these tenements can be seen today in Israeli towns like Sderot and Ofakim.

From 1948, architecture in Israel was dominated by the need to house masses of new immigrants. The Brutalist concrete style suited Israel's harsh climate and paucity of natural building materials. Today, many such old buildings remain in Israeli cities. Although they are being gradually remodeled as part of the TAMA 38 [he] program which is meant to strengthen old buildings against earthquakes or completely demolished and replaced with more modern housing projects occupying the former site as part of the "pinui binui [he]" (evacuate and build) program, it is expected to take decades before this style of architecture completely disappears from Israel's cities.

Azrieli Sarona Tower (finished 2017)

As property values have risen, skyscrapers are going up around the country. The Azrieli Sarona Tower in Tel Aviv is the tallest building in Israel to date.

Ephraim Henry Pavie has evolved from organic architecture towards biomorphism. The Pavie House in Neve Daniel is a rare case of non-geometric, Neo-futuristic blobitecture in Israel.

Museums and archives

Tel Aviv has three institutions dedicated to the Bauhaus, or more widely, the International Style: the Bauhaus Center with its own gallery and offering guided city tours (see homepage here), the small Bauhaus Museum with original interior furnishings, established in 2008, and the Liebling Haus center for urbanism, architecture and conservation (see homepage here).

The Munio Gitai Weinraub Museum of Architecture opened in Haifa in 2012.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ Aharon Kempinski, Ronny Reich (1992). The Architecture of Ancient Israel: From the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods. Israel Exploration Society. ISBN 9652210137.
  2. ^ Heritage Conservation in Israel
  3. Shmuel Mestechkin at GreyScape. Accessed 10 May 2021.
  4. Lucjan Korngold at GreyScape. Accessed 10 May 2021.
  5. Anna Cymer, Lucjan Korngold at culture.pl. Accessed 10 May 2021.
  6. The Rubinsky House, Amnon Bar Or – Tal Gazit Architects Ltd. Accessed 10 May 2021.
  7. Elsa Mandelstamm Gidoni at Pioneering Women of American Architecture. Accessed 10 May 2021.
  8. "Eric Mendelsohn, architect in Berlin and Jerusalem". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  9. Features, David Kaufman last updated in (2018-12-11). "Erich Mendelsohn's Villa Weizmann is one of the German émigré's modernist masterpieces". wallpaper.com. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  10. ^ A Concrete Life, Noam Dvir, Haaretz Magazine, October 17, 2008
  11. Dora Gad's private sanctuary
  12. Encyclopedia Judaica, 2008, as quoted by Jewish Virtual Library, retrieved September 13, 2012
  13. Brittain-Catlin, Timothy, "Israel Goldstein Synagogue, Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Heinz Rau and David Reznik", Building of the Month, Twentieth Century Society, June 2010, retrieved September 13, 2012
  14. "A mixed modernist message,", Noam Dvir for Haaretz, 2 February 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  15. Architectural milestones
  16. "Passion Set in Stone". The New York Times. Paul Goldberger for The New York Times. 10 September 1995. Retrieved 2012-08-28.
  17. "Jerusalem Architecture Since 1948". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Archived from the original on 2016-10-22. Retrieved 2012-08-28.
  18. The British Mandate from "Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City". Online course material from the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
  19. King, Anthony D. (2004). Spaces of global cultures: architecture, urbanism, identity. New York: Routledge. p. 168. ISBN 0-415-19619-1. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  20. Dadoun, Marine (2023-05-24). "Tel Aviv: The fabulous history of Bauhaus architecture". EnVols. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  21. Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel, edited by Raphael Patai, Herzl Press, McGraw, New York, 1971 "Architecture and Town Planning in Israel," Vol. 1, pp. 71-76
  22. Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture
  23. יעברו עשרות שנים עד שבנייני הרכבת ייעלמו
  24. האם מגדל שרונה עזריאלי באמת עקום?
  25. "Futuristic House Biomorphism by Ephraim Henry Pavie Architects and Design". Tuvie. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  26. Kanti, Yonatan (2 April 2012). השראה למכירה: המקרה המוזר של הבית בגוש עציון [Inspiration for sale: The curious case of the house in Gush Etzion]. Nrg Maariv (in Hebrew). Retrieved 10 May 2021.
  27. Hecht, Esther. "Bauhaus Museum Opens in Tel Aviv's White City". Architectural Record. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  28. Amos Gitai sets up Israel's first architecture museum in memory of his father, Haaretz

Further reading

External links

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