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{{Short description|Irish noble and founder of the House of Burgh (c.1160–1205/6)}}
'''William FitzAldem de Burgh''' (c. ]–]) was born in the village of ], ], ], ] and died at ], ], ], ], ].
{{other people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = William de Burgh
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name = ''Uilleag de Búrca''
| native_name_lang = Irish
| image = Arms of the House of de Burgh.svg
| caption = '''Blazon''': ''Or, a cross gules''<br>(adopted at the start of the age of heraldry, {{Circa|1200–15}}).
| birth_date = {{birth year|1160}}
| birth_place = ], ], ]
| death_date = {{Death year and age|1206|1160}}
| death_place = ], Ireland
| resting_place = ], ], ]
| spouse = Daughter of ]
| relations = Walter de Burgh (father)<br>] (brother)<br>] (brother)<br>] (brother)
| children = ]<br>Hubert, Bishop of Limerick<br> William de Burgh the Younger
}}


'''William de Burgh''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|d|ə|'|b|ɜːr}} {{respell|də|BUR}}, {{IPA|fr|dəbuʁ|lang}}; {{langx|la|de Burgo}}; {{Circa|1160}}–winter 1205/06)<ref name="death">{{cite book | last=Orpen | first=Goddard Henry | author-link = Goddard Henry Orpen|title=Ireland under the Normans | year=2005 | volume=II | page=194 | isbn=1-85182-715-3}}<br/>{{cite book |last=Curtis |first=Edmund |title=A History of Mediaeval Ireland from 1110 to 1513 | page=107}}</ref> was the founder of the ] (later surnamed ] or ]) in ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Grenham|first=John|title=The Little Book of Irish Clans|year=1994|publisher=John Hinde|location=Dublin, Ireland|page=|isbn=0-7858-0083-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/littlebookofiris0000gren/page/11}}</ref> and elder brother of ] and ], Bishop of Ely.
== Early life ==
William is often given the epithet, "the conqueror", but is not to be confused with the ].
William took his surname from the village of Burgh Castle, Norfolk, England. Very little can be ascertained about his background other than his family were minor gentry, and that his probable younger brother was ], later ].


== Early career == ==In Ireland==
]
William apparently arrived in Ireland in ] among the retinue of ], son of ] and ].
William de Burgh was the eldest son of Walter de Burgh and his wife, Alice, of ], ] or ], ], and had three brothers: ]; ]; and ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Ellis|first=Clarence|title=Hubert de Burgh A Study in Constancy|publisher=Phoenix House Ltd|year=1952|location=London|pages=183–202}}</ref> Ellis has made a case that William's father was Walter de Burgh but notes this is "highly conjectural".<ref name=":0" />


William was "one of the new wave of Anglo-Normans to come to Ireland with ], lord of Ireland, in 1185" and has been described as "one of the most prominent men involved in the annexation of the kingdom of Limerick in the last quarter of the twelfth century".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Burgh, William de &#124; Dictionary of Irish Biography|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/burgh-william-de-a1146}}</ref>
John apparently appointed him Governor of ]. Within a few years he was granted the ] of ] and ], and in time, the castle of Tibraghty in ].


] appointed him Governor of ] and granted him vast estates in ] and ]. William de Burgh's lands were centred along the ] from ] to ] and around Kilfeakle in ], and along the ] from ] to ]. His castles at ] (]), ], ] and ] were used to protect King John's northern borders of ] and ] whilst his castles at ] and ] were used to protect ]. He was granted ] in 1200, and was ] (Royal Governor) of Munster from ] to 1203.<ref name=":1" />
Sometime in the ], William married a daughter of ], ] (died ]). This alliance probably took place during the reign of his son, ], as up to the time of his death Donal had being at war with the ]. At any rate no more wars are recorded between the two sides for the rest of the decade.


==Marriage and alliance==
== Alliance with Connacht ==
]
In ], ''"] went into Munster, to the son of Mac Carthy and William Burke to solicit their aid."'' This marked the start of de Burgh's interest in the province. Though ] ] (reigned ]&ndash;]) faced much opposition, mainly from within his own family and wished to engage Burke's aid to help secure his position. The following year William and Ua Conchobair led an army from Limerick to ] and finally to ]. Ua Conchobair's rival, ] marched at the head of his army to give them battle but was killed in a combined Burke/Ua Conchobair onslaught after a week of skirmishing between the two sides.
Sometime during the 1190s, William de Burgh allied himself with the ] (either ] (d.]) or his son, Muirchertach) and, in 1192/3, William married Domnall Mór Ó Briain's daughter.<ref>B. Smith, "Burgh, Richard de (died 1243)". ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. online edition, Oxford University Press, (2004), .</ref> This alliance probably took place during the reign of Muirchertach, since Domnall Mór had been at war with the Normans until his death. At any rate no more wars are recorded between the two sides for the rest of the decade. According to the ], in 1201, William and the sons of Domnall Mór led a major joint military expedition into ], slaying ] among others.


Between 1199 and 1202, William de Burgh led military campaigns in Desmond (with the aid of the Ó Briain). Success in the west and south allowed de Burgh to conquer the ] which, though he had been granted (probably before 1195) by ], he had never occupied. The ], ], fought a successful counter-attack against Anglo-Norman castles in Munster (including de Burgh's castle of ]). Further fighting led to the loss of three castles and property, all of which was eventually retrieved (with the exception of much of Connacht).<ref name=":1" />
William and Ua Conchobair then travelled to ] and stayed at ] for ]. Here, William and the sons of Rory O'Flaherty conspired to kill Ua Conchobair but the plot was foiled, apparently by holy ]s they were made to swear by the local ] family. However, when de Burgh demanded payment for himself and his retinue, battle finally broke out with over seven hundred of de Burgh's followers said to have being killed. William, however, managed to return to Limerick.


== Death == ==Connacht==
In 1200, ''"Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair went into ], to the son of Mac Carthy and William de Burgh to solicit their aid."'' This marked the start of William de Burgh's interest in the province. ] (], 1190&ndash;1224) faced much opposition (mainly from within his own family) and wished to engage de Burgh's aid to further secure his position. In 1201, William and Ua Conchobair led an army from Limerick to ] and finally to ]. Ua Conchobair's rival, ], marched at the head of his army but was killed in a de Burgh/Ua Conchobair onslaught after a week of skirmishing between the two sides.
The ] recorded his passing in 1204:


William and Ua Conchobair then travelled to ] and stayed at ] for ]. Here, William de Burgh (and the sons of Rory O'Flaherty) conspired to kill Ua Conchobair but the plot was foiled (apparently by holy ]s they were made to swear by the local ] family). However, when de Burgh demanded payment for himself and his retinue, a battle broke out with over seven hundred of de Burgh's followers said to have been killed. William, however, managed to return to Limerick. In the following year, 1202, William returned and took revenge for the destruction of his army a year earlier. He took the title "]" in 1203.<ref name=":1" />
''"William Burke plundered Connaught, as well churches as territories; but ] and the ]s took vengeance on him for that; for he died of a singular disease, too shameful to be described."''


== Descendants == ==Death==
]
He was survived by his sons ] (d. 1242), Hubert de Burgh, Bishop of Limerick (d. 1251), Sheriff William de Burgh (d. 1247) and an apparently ] son, ].
He died during the Winter of 1205/06<ref name="death" /> and was interred at the ] in ] which he had founded {{Circa|1200}}.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Gwynn | first1=Aubrey | last2=Hadcock |first2=R. Neville |title=Medieval Religious Houses Ireland |publisher=Longman |year=1970 |page=157}}</ref> The ] recorded his passing thus:
<blockquote>
''"William Burke plundered Connacht, as well churches as territories; but ] and the ]s took vengeance on him for that; for he died of a singular disease, too shameful to be described."''
</blockquote>


==Family==
The senior male line of the family came to an end with the murder of ], ], in ]. A junior branch later gave rise to the ].
William de Burgh's wife was the daughter of ], ], whom he married in around 1193.<ref>Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700''. Eighth Ed. (2008), Line 177B-8.</ref> A late medieval genealogy found in the ] (dated c.1397-1418) records his marriage to an unnamed daughter of Donmal Mor mac Turlough O'Brien,<ref>{{cite ODNB | first=C. A | last=Empey | chapter=Burgh, William de (died 1206) | title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | year=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4000 | url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4000 | access-date=2006-11-04}}</ref> and the descent of the Earls of ] and ] from their son Richard. William de Burgh had three sons and at least one daughter:<ref>Burke, Donald G. Burke’s East Galway: the culture, history, and genealogy of the families of east Galway. '''', (2013), . Retrieved 3 May 2020.</ref>


* ]
His descendants include:
*] * Hubert de Burgh, Bishop of Limerick
*] * William de Burgh (the younger), Sheriff of Connacht
*], nee Bourke, 7th President of Ireland.
*], former Irish government minister.
*], ] & ]
*]
*], ]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*], ].
*Sir ]
*], founder of ]


== See also== ==Genealogy==
{{hidden|de Burgh Genealogy: Lords of Connacht, Earls of Ulster and Earls of Kent|
{{chart/start|style=font-size:90%| summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 19 boxes}}

{{chart | | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | Wa0 |Wa0= Walter de Burgh<br /> of ],<br />] <br />''m.'' Alice }}
{{chart | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| }}
{{chart |Wi1 | | | | | | Ge1 | |Hu1 | | Th1 |Wi1=]<br />(d. 1206) | boxstyle_Wi1=background-color:#CFFFFF |Hu1=]<br />'''1st Earl of Kent'''<br />''']''' <br />(d. before 1243) | boxstyle_Hu1=background-color:#CFFFFF |Ge1=]<br />'''Bishop of Ely'''<br /> (d. 1228) |Th1=]<br />Castellan of Norwich }}
{{chart | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | |)|-|-|-|.| |}}
{{chart |Ri2 | | Hu2 | | Wi2 | | Jo2 | | HK2 | Ri2=]<br />de Burgh<br />]<br />(d. 1242/3) | boxstyle_Ri2=background-color:#CFFFFF |Hu2=Hubert de Burgh<br />''']''' <br />(d. 1250)|Wi2=William de Burgh<br />'''Sheriff of Connacht''' |Jo2=John de Burgh |HK2=Hubert de Burgh}}
{{chart | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |:|}}
{{chart | Ri3 | |Wa3 | | Wi3 | | | | | | BBG |Ri3=Sir Richard de Burgh<br />Constable of<br />]<br />(d. 1248) |Wa3=] <br />] <br />'''1st Earl of Ulster''' <br />(d. 1271) | boxstyle_Wa3=background-color:#CFFFFF |Wi3= ] <br /> '''Anglo-Irish Noble and Warrior''' <br />(d. 1270) |BBG=''']<br />of Gainsborough'''<br />15th century}}
{{chart | | | | | |!| | | |)|-|-|-|.| | | | |}}
{{chart | | | | |Ri4 | | BuM | | BuG | | |Ri4=] <br />]<br />'''2nd Earl of Ulster''' <br />(1259–1326) | boxstyle_Ri4=background-color:#CFFFFF |BuM= de Burgh/Burkes<br /> of Mayo<br />(]) |BuG= '''de Burgh / Burke<br />of Galway'''<br />(])}}
{{chart | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{chart | El5 | | Jo5 | | Ed5 |El5=]<br />'''Queen of Scots'''<br />(c.1289–1327) <br />''m.'' ]<br />'''King of Scots'''| Jo5=] <br />(1286–1313) |Ed5= ] <br />(1298–1338) }}
{{chart | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{chart | | | | |Wi6 | | BoC | |Wi6=] <br />] <br />'''3rd Earl of Ulster''' <br />(1312–33) | boxstyle_Wi6=background-color:#CFFFFF |BoC= '''de Burgh / Burke<br />of ClanWilliam''' }}
{{chart | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart | | | | |El7 | | | | | | | | | | | |El7=]<br />'''4th Countess of Ulster''' <br />(1332–63) <br />''m.'' ] | boxstyle_El7=background-color:#CFFFFF | }}
{{chart/end}}
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|bodystyle=text-align:center}}

==See also==
*], an ] and ] dynasty founded in 1193
*] ({{Circa|1170}}–before 1243), Chief Justiciar and Regent of England
*] ({{Circa|1180}}–1228), English Bishop of Ely
*], earldom created in the Peerage of Ireland
*], title claimed in the Peerage of Ireland
*] *]
*] Mac William Íochtar (Lower Mac William) or Mayo (Lower Connaught) Burkes
*]
*] (Mac William Uachtar/Upper Mac William) or Galway (Upper Connaught) Burkes
*]
*], viscountcy created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1627
*], earldom created in the Peerage of Ireland in 1785

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{Cite book |last=Bourke |first=Eamonn |title=Burke: People and Places |publisher=Ballinakilla Press and de Búrca Rare Books |location=Whitegate and Castlebar |year=1995 |isbn=0-946130-10-8 |language=en}}
* {{citation |last=Holland |first=Patrick |title=The Anglo-Normans in Co. Galway: the process of colonization |journal=Journal of the ] |volume=41 |year=1988 }} {{JSTOR|25535573}}
* {{citation |last=Holland |first=Patrick |title=The Anglo-Norman landscape in County Galway; land-holdings, castles and settlements |journal=Journal of the ] |volume=49 |year=1997 }}
* {{cite book |last=Knox |first=Hubert T. |author-link=Hubert T. Knox |year=1908 |title=The History of the County of Mayo to the close of the sixteenth century |pages=395 |location=Dublin |publisher=Hodges, Figgis and Company |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyo00knox/page/395/mode/2up |language=en}}
* {{citation |last=MacLysaght |first=Edward |author-link=Edward MacLysaght |title=The Surnames of Ireland |location=Dublin |year=1978 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |editor-last=Moody |editor-first=T. W. |editor-link=T. W. Moody |editor-last2=Martin |editor-first2=F. X. |editor-link2=F. X. Martin |editor-last3=Byrne |editor-first3=F. J. |editor-link3=Francis John Byrne |title=A New History of Ireland: IX: Maps, Genealogies, Lists, A Companion to Irish History, Part II |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-19-959306-4 |language=en}}
** ''Earls of Ulster and Lords of Connacht, 1205–1460 (De Burgh, De Lacy and Mortimer)'', p.&nbsp;170;
** ''Mac William Burkes: Mac William Iochtar (de Burgh), Lords of Lower Connacht and Viscounts of Mayo, 1332–1649'', p.&nbsp;171;
** ''Burke of Clanricard: Mac William Uachtar (de Burgh), Lords of Upper Connacht and Earls of Clanricard, 1332–1722'', p.&nbsp;172.
* {{citation | title = The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country | last = O'Donovan | first = John |author-link=John O'Donovan (scholar) | publisher = Irish Archaeological Society | year = 1843 | location = Dublin | url = https://archive.org/details/tribescustomsofh00odonuoft }}

==External Links==
* ''Annals of Ulster'' at at
* ''Annals of Tigernach'' at at
* of McCarthy's synchronisms at ].


{{Kingdom of Ireland|state=collapsed}}
== Sources ==
{{Portal bar |England |Ireland |Biography}}
*http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/T100005C/index.html
{{Authority control}}
* "Burke: People and Places", Eamonn Bourke, Dublin, 1995.


] {{DEFAULTSORT:Burgh, William De}}
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Latest revision as of 23:07, 26 December 2024

Irish noble and founder of the House of Burgh (c.1160–1205/6) For other people named William de Burgh, see William de Burgh (disambiguation).

William de Burgh
Uilleag de Búrca
Blazon: Or, a cross gules
(adopted at the start of the age of heraldry, c. 1200–15).
Born1160 (1160)
Burgh and Tuttington, Norfolk, England
Died1206 (aged 45–46)
Galway, Ireland
Resting placeAugustinian Priory of Athassel, Golden, County Tipperary
SpouseDaughter of King Domnall Mór Ua Briain
ChildrenRichard, 1st Lord of Connaught
Hubert, Bishop of Limerick
William de Burgh the Younger
RelativesWalter de Burgh (father)
Hubert, Earl of Kent (brother)
Geoffrey, Bishop of Ely (brother)
Thomas de Burgh, Castellan of Norwich (brother)

William de Burgh (English: /dəˈbɜːr/ də-BUR, French: [dəbuʁ]; Latin: de Burgo; c. 1160–winter 1205/06) was the founder of the House of Burgh (later surnamed Burke or Bourke) in Ireland and elder brother of Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent and Geoffrey de Burgh, Bishop of Ely. William is often given the epithet, "the conqueror", but is not to be confused with the English king of the same nickname.

In Ireland

Carrigogunnell Castle, Limerick

William de Burgh was the eldest son of Walter de Burgh and his wife, Alice, of Burgh-next-Aylsham, Norfolk or Burgh, Suffolk, and had three brothers: Hubert, Earl of Kent; Geoffrey, Bishop of Ely; and Thomas, Castellan of Norwich. Ellis has made a case that William's father was Walter de Burgh but notes this is "highly conjectural".

William was "one of the new wave of Anglo-Normans to come to Ireland with John, lord of Ireland, in 1185" and has been described as "one of the most prominent men involved in the annexation of the kingdom of Limerick in the last quarter of the twelfth century".

Henry II of England appointed him Governor of Limerick and granted him vast estates in Leinster and Munster. William de Burgh's lands were centred along the River Suir from Tibberaghny to Clonmel and around Kilfeakle in Tipperary, and along the River Shannon from Limerick to Lough Derg. His castles at Tibberaghny (County Kilkenny), Kilsheelan, Ardpatrick and Kilfeacle were used to protect King John's northern borders of Waterford and Lismore whilst his castles at Carrigogunnell and Castleconnell were used to protect Limerick. He was granted Tibberaghny Castle in 1200, and was Seneschal (Royal Governor) of Munster from 1201 to 1203.

Marriage and alliance

Castle Connell, Limerick

Sometime during the 1190s, William de Burgh allied himself with the King of Thomond (either Domnall Mór Ó Briain (d.1194) or his son, Muirchertach) and, in 1192/3, William married Domnall Mór Ó Briain's daughter. This alliance probably took place during the reign of Muirchertach, since Domnall Mór had been at war with the Normans until his death. At any rate no more wars are recorded between the two sides for the rest of the decade. According to the Annals of Inisfallen, in 1201, William and the sons of Domnall Mór led a major joint military expedition into Desmond, slaying Amlaíb Ua Donnabáin among others.

Between 1199 and 1202, William de Burgh led military campaigns in Desmond (with the aid of the Ó Briain). Success in the west and south allowed de Burgh to conquer the Kingdom of Connacht which, though he had been granted (probably before 1195) by John, he had never occupied. The King of Connacht, Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair (O'Connor), fought a successful counter-attack against Anglo-Norman castles in Munster (including de Burgh's castle of Castleconnell). Further fighting led to the loss of three castles and property, all of which was eventually retrieved (with the exception of much of Connacht).

Connacht

In 1200, "Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair went into Munster, to the son of Mac Carthy and William de Burgh to solicit their aid." This marked the start of William de Burgh's interest in the province. Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair (King of Connacht, 1190–1224) faced much opposition (mainly from within his own family) and wished to engage de Burgh's aid to further secure his position. In 1201, William and Ua Conchobair led an army from Limerick to Tuam and finally to Boyle. Ua Conchobair's rival, Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair, marched at the head of his army but was killed in a de Burgh/Ua Conchobair onslaught after a week of skirmishing between the two sides.

William and Ua Conchobair then travelled to Iar Connacht and stayed at Cong for Easter. Here, William de Burgh (and the sons of Rory O'Flaherty) conspired to kill Ua Conchobair but the plot was foiled (apparently by holy oaths they were made to swear by the local Coarb family). However, when de Burgh demanded payment for himself and his retinue, a battle broke out with over seven hundred of de Burgh's followers said to have been killed. William, however, managed to return to Limerick. In the following year, 1202, William returned and took revenge for the destruction of his army a year earlier. He took the title "Lord of Connacht" in 1203.

Death

The Choir and Tower of Athassel Priory

He died during the Winter of 1205/06 and was interred at the Augustinian Priory of Athassel in Golden which he had founded c. 1200. The Annals of the Four Masters recorded his passing thus:

"William Burke plundered Connacht, as well churches as territories; but God and the saints took vengeance on him for that; for he died of a singular disease, too shameful to be described."

Family

William de Burgh's wife was the daughter of Domnall Mór Ó Briain, King of Thomond, whom he married in around 1193. A late medieval genealogy found in the Book of Lecan (dated c.1397-1418) records his marriage to an unnamed daughter of Donmal Mor mac Turlough O'Brien, and the descent of the Earls of Ulster and Clanricarde from their son Richard. William de Burgh had three sons and at least one daughter:

Genealogy

de Burgh Genealogy: Lords of Connacht, Earls of Ulster and Earls of Kent
Walter de Burgh
of Burgh Castle,
Norfolk
m. Alice
William de Burgh
(d. 1206)		Geoffrey de Burgh
Bishop of Ely
(d. 1228)		Hubert de Burgh
1st Earl of Kent
Regent of England
(d. before 1243)		Thomas de Burgh
Castellan of Norwich
Richard Mór / Óge
de Burgh
Lord of Connacht
(d. 1242/3)		Hubert de Burgh
Bishop of Limerick
(d. 1250)		William de Burgh
Sheriff of Connacht		John de BurghHubert de Burgh
Sir Richard de Burgh
Constable of
Montgomery Castle
(d. 1248)		Walter de Burgh
Lord of Connacht
1st Earl of Ulster
(d. 1271)		Sir William Óg de Burgh
Anglo-Irish Noble and Warrior
(d. 1270)		Barons Burgh
of Gainsborough
15th century
Richard Óg de Burgh
Lord of Connacht
2nd Earl of Ulster
(1259–1326)		de Burgh/Burkes
of Mayo
(Mac William Íochtar)		de Burgh / Burke
of Galway
(Mac William Uachtar/
Clanricarde)
Elizabeth de Burgh
Queen of Scots
(c.1289–1327)
m. Robert I
King of Scots		John de Burgh
(1286–1313)		Sir Edmond de Burgh
(1298–1338)
William Donn de Burgh
Lord of Connacht
3rd Earl of Ulster
(1312–33)		de Burgh / Burke
of ClanWilliam
Elizabeth de Burgh
4th Countess of Ulster
(1332–63)
m. Lionel
Duke of Clarence

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ Orpen, Goddard Henry (2005). Ireland under the Normans. Vol. II. p. 194. ISBN 1-85182-715-3.
    Curtis, Edmund. A History of Mediaeval Ireland from 1110 to 1513. p. 107.
  2. Grenham, John (1994). The Little Book of Irish Clans. Dublin, Ireland: John Hinde. p. 11. ISBN 0-7858-0083-2.
  3. ^ Ellis, Clarence (1952). Hubert de Burgh A Study in Constancy. London: Phoenix House Ltd. pp. 183–202.
  4. ^ "Burgh, William de | Dictionary of Irish Biography".
  5. B. Smith, "Burgh, Richard de (died 1243)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. online edition, Oxford University Press, (2004), .
  6. Gwynn, Aubrey; Hadcock, R. Neville (1970). Medieval Religious Houses Ireland. Longman. p. 157.
  7. Weis, Frederick Lewis. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700. Eighth Ed. (2008), Line 177B-8.
  8. Empey, C. A (2004). "Burgh, William de (died 1206)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4000. Retrieved 4 November 2006. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  9. Burke, Donald G. Burke’s East Galway: the culture, history, and genealogy of the families of east Galway. Burk of Clanricarde 1280 – 1333, (2013), . Retrieved 3 May 2020.

Bibliography

External Links

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