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The '''Bartire''' ({{langx|so|Bartirre}}, {{langx|ar| بارتري}}), (or '''Barre Jidwaaq Absame''') are a ], part of the major ] branch, which belongs to the ] clan, one of the largest Somali tribe-families.<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |date=19 June 2015 |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref> The '''Bartire''' ({{langx|so|Bartirre}}, {{langx|ar| بارتري}}), (or '''Barre Jidwaaq Absame''') are a ], part of the major ] ] branch, which belongs to the ] clan, one of the largest Somali tribe-families.<ref>{{cite web |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |date=19 June 2015 |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=Ioan M |date=July 1959 |title=Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/127191815/Clanship-and-Contract-in-Northern-Somaliland-by-I-M-lewis |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=274–293 |doi=10.2307/1157617 |jstor=1157617 |s2cid=143243256 |accessdate=18 September 2019}}</ref>


==Overview== ==Overview==
Members of the Bartire clan primarily inhabit the ] of Ethiopia’s fertile and agricultural land around the city of ], Shabelay- stretching to the lower ] along with The ], which whom they make up ]. They also settle the upper parts of the ] Valley and to the South in Somalia’s ] region from ], ] to ] <ref>{{cite web Members of the Bartire clan primarily inhabit the ] of Ethiopia’s fertile and agricultural land around the city of ], Shabelay - stretching to the lower ] along with The ], which whom they make up ]. They also settle the upper parts of the ] Valley and to the South in Somalia’s ] region from ], ] to ] <ref>{{cite web
|title=Somalia: Information on current situation of the Bartire subclan of the Darod, including where they are located |date= 26 September 1996|url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604114312/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab715c.html |publisher=Somali specialist, political science department, Davidson College |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref>. They also share borders with the ] and ] clans.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hagmann|first1=Tobias|title=Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa|date=2011|url=|pages=1–23|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781444395587.ch1|isbn=978-1-4443-9558-7<!-- |access-date=2024-12-09 -->|last2=Péclard|first2=Didier}}</ref> |title=Somalia: Information on current situation of the Bartire subclan of the Darod, including where they are located |date= 26 September 1996|url=https://webarchive.archive.unhcr.org/20230604114312/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ab715c.html |publisher=Somali specialist, political science department, Davidson College |access-date=8 December 2024}}</ref>. They also share borders with the ] and ] clans.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hagmann|first1=Tobias|title=Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa|date=2011|url=|pages=1–23|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781444395587.ch1|isbn=978-1-4443-9558-7<!-- |access-date=2024-12-09 -->|last2=Péclard|first2=Didier}}</ref>


==History== ==History==


'''Habr Maqdi''' '''Bartire''' '''in Habr Maqdi'''


The ] was a Somali confederation made up of the sub clans Bartire and ], now part of the ] under the ]. They played a key role in the ], known for their large army and loyalty to ]. The ] was a Somali confederation made up of the sub clans Bartire and ], now part of the ] under the ]. They played a key role in the ], known for their large army and loyalty to ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Shihāb |first=al-Dīn Aḥmad |title=The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century |date=2003 |publisher=Tsehai Publishers & Distributors |isbn=9780972317252 |page=49}}</ref> The Bartire and Yabarre that make up the Jidwaaq are renowned for their conquests in Abyssinia during the 1500s, where they played a significant role in the Adal Sultanate.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |year=1961 |title=Cahiers d'études africaines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJhWAAAAYAAJ&q=Yiberri%20somali |journal=Cahiers d'études africaines |volume=2 |pages=30 |via=Google books}}</ref> During the ], the sub-clans of the Habar Maqdi frequently divided into two military factions. ] led the ] sub-clan, while the Bartire sub-clan was commanded by a ] chief named ] Dhaweyd.


The Habar Maqdi historically lived in ] and ]’s surrounding areas, it is well-documented that the Bartire sub-clan of the Habar Maqdi controlled the trade and caravan route to ]<ref name=":02" />. The British explorer, scholar, and military officer ], renowned for his African travels, highlighted the Bartire clan's longstanding connections with the ].<ref>{{cite web |date=1856 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa An Explanation of Harar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C |access-date=8 December 2024 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |page=278}}</ref> It is well-documented that the Bartire sub-clan of the Habar Maqdi controlled the trade and caravan route to ]<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Francis Burton |first=Sir Richard |date=1856 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C |journal=An Explanation of Harar |pages=278}}</ref>. The British explorer, scholar, and military officer ], renowned for his African travels, highlighted the Bartire clan's longstanding connections with the ].<ref>{{cite web |date=1856 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa An Explanation of Harar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C |access-date=8 December 2024 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |page=278}}</ref>


] writes <blockquote>The Berteri, who occupy the Gurays Range, south of, and limitrophe to, the Gallas, and thence extend eastward to the Jigjiga hills, are estimated at 3000 shields. Whilst other animals have indigenous names, the horse throughout the) Of Darud origin, they own allegiance to the Gerad Hirsi, and were, when I visited the country, on bad terms with the Girhi. The chiefs family has, for several generations, been connected with the Amir's of Harar, and the caravan's route to and from Berberah lying through his country, makes<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Francis Burton |first=Sir Richard |date=1856 |title=First Footsteps in East Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C |journal=An Explanation of Harar |pages=278}}</ref></blockquote> ] writes <blockquote>The Berteri, who occupy the Gurays Range, south of, and limitrophe to, the Gallas, and thence extend eastward to the Jigjiga hills, are estimated at 3000 shields. Whilst other animals have indigenous names, the horse throughout the) Of Darud origin, they own allegiance to the Gerad Hirsi, and were, when I visited the country, on bad terms with the Girhi. The chiefs family has, for several generations, been connected with the Amir's of Harar, and the caravan's route to and from Berberah lying through his country, makes<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C&vq=Guray&pg=PA278#v=snippet&q=Gurays%20range&f=false |title=First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar |date=1856 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>




During the ], the sub-clans of the Habar Maqdi frequently divided into two military factions. ] led the ] sub-clan, while the Bartire sub-clan was commanded by a ] chief named ] Dhaweyd.


⚫ '''Bartire''' '''Ruler'''
⚫ ] of the Absame</small>]]
⚫ ''Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi'' or better know as ''Wiil Waal'' ({{langx|so|Garaad Xirsi Faraax Xirsi}}, {{langx|am|ገራድ ዊልዋል}}) was a traditional Somali king who lived in the 19th century<ref>{{Cite web |last=islamicschoollibrarian |date=2022-03-30 |title=Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale retold by Kathleen Moriarty illustrated by Amin Amir and Somali translation by Jamal Adam |url=https://islamicschoollibrarian.com/2022/03/30/wiil-waal-a-somali-folktale-retold-by-kathleen-moriarty-illustrated-by-amin-amir-and-somali-translation-by-jamal-adam/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Islamic School Librarian |language=en}}</ref> and hails from the Bartire ] branch of the ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C&vq=Emirs&pg=PA279#v=onepage&q=Berteri%20&f=false |title=First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar |date=1856 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |language=en}}</ref>. The king was a man of strong judgment and wisdom. He was a leader who spent most of his life in constant raids and defenses. He ruled and liberated the ] from the Galla (])<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5POdm7UKXP4C&vq=Gerad%20Hirsi&pg=PA279#v=snippet&q=Gerad%20Hirsi&f=false |title=First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar |date=1856 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans |language=en}}</ref> in which is now apart of ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Powers |first=Lyall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7AjxRZosAcC&pg=PA127&dq=Garad+hirsi&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx68P98JmKAxV1l4kEHciHDXAQ6wF6BAgIEAU#v=onepage&q=Garad%20hirsi&f=false |title=Alien Heart: The Life and Work of Margaret Laurence |date=2012-11-02 |publisher=Univ. of Manitoba Press |isbn=978-0-88755-311-0 |language=en}}</ref> and its surrounding areas


⚫ The story of Wiil Waal has been turned into a bilingual (English and Somali) children's picture book under the "Somali Bilingual Book Project" ''Wiil Waal'': A Somali Folktale <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Wiil_Waal/bnBmGgAACAAJ?hl=en&kptab=getbook |title=Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale |date=2007 |publisher=Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project |isbn=978-1-931016-17-9 |language=en}}</ref>by Kathleen Moriarty, with illustrations by Amin Amir and translation by Jamal Adam. It's aimed at teaching about ], wisdom, and the importance of clever thinking.
⚫ '''Bartire Ruler'''
⚫ ] of the Absame</small>]]
⚫ '''Garad Hirsi Garad Farah Garad Hirsi''' or better know as '''Wiil Waal''' was a traditional Somali king who lived in the 19th century and hails from the Bartire ] branch of the ]<ref>{{Cite web |last=islamicschoollibrarian |date=2022-03-30 |title=Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale retold by Kathleen Moriarty illustrated by Amin Amir and Somali translation by Jamal Adam |url=https://islamicschoollibrarian.com/2022/03/30/wiil-waal-a-somali-folktale-retold-by-kathleen-moriarty-illustrated-by-amin-amir-and-somali-translation-by-jamal-adam/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=Islamic School Librarian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Powers |first=Lyall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7AjxRZosAcC&pg=PA127&dq=Garad+hirsi&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx68P98JmKAxV1l4kEHciHDXAQ6wF6BAgIEAU#v=onepage&q=Garad%20hirsi&f=false |title=Alien Heart: The Life and Work of Margaret Laurence |date=2012-11-02 |publisher=Univ. of Manitoba Press |isbn=978-0-88755-311-0 |language=en}}</ref>. The king was a man of strong judgment and wisdom. He was a leader who spent most of his life in constant raids and defenses. He ruled and liberated the ] from the Galla (])<ref name=":02" /> in which is now apart of ]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Powers |first=Lyall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R7AjxRZosAcC&pg=PA127&dq=Garad+hirsi&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx68P98JmKAxV1l4kEHciHDXAQ6wF6BAgIEAU#v=onepage&q=Garad%20hirsi&f=false |title=Alien Heart: The Life and Work of Margaret Laurence |date=2012-11-02 |publisher=Univ. of Manitoba Press |isbn=978-0-88755-311-0 |language=en}}</ref> and its surrounding areas

⚫ The story of Wiil Waal has been turned into a bilingual (English and Somali) children's picture book under the "Somali Bilingual Book Project" '''Wiil Waal''': A Somali Folktale <ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Wiil_Waal/bnBmGgAACAAJ?hl=en&kptab=getbook |title=Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale |date=2007 |publisher=Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project |isbn=978-1-931016-17-9 |language=en}}</ref>by Kathleen Moriarty, with illustrations by Amin Amir and translation by Jamal Adam. It's aimed at teaching about ], wisdom, and the importance of clever thinking.


==Lineage== ==Lineage==
Line 53: Line 51:
*****] *****]
*****Bal’ad *****Bal’ad
*****Weyteen *****Weytein
*****] *****]
******(] ******(]
******(]) ******Yabaree
******(''']''')
*******Reer Ali *******Reer Ali
*******Reer Guuled *******Reer Guuled
Line 73: Line 72:


==See Also== ==See Also==
]


⚫ ]


⚫ ]


] ]

Revision as of 04:24, 30 December 2024

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Main article: Somali clan
Bartire
بارتري
Somali clan
Languages
Somali
Religion
Islam (Sunni)
Related ethnic groups
Abaskuul, Ogaden, Absame, Darod, and other Somali clans

The Bartire (Somali: Bartirre, Arabic: بارتري), (or Barre Jidwaaq Absame) are a Somali sub clan, part of the major Jidwaaq Absame branch, which belongs to the Darod clan, one of the largest Somali tribe-families.

Overview

Members of the Bartire clan primarily inhabit the Somali Region of Ethiopia’s fertile and agricultural land around the city of Jigjiga, Shabelay - stretching to the lower Fafan along with The Abaskuul & Yabaree, which whom they make up Jidwaaq. They also settle the upper parts of the Jarar Valley and to the South in Somalia’s Jubba region from Xagar, Bu'aale to Kismayo . They also share borders with the Ogaden and Habar Awal clans.

History

Bartire in Habr Maqdi

The Habr Maqdi was a Somali confederation made up of the sub clans Bartire and Yabarre, now part of the Jidwaaq under the Darod Absame. They played a key role in the Ethiopian-Adal War, known for their large army and loyalty to Imam Ahmed. The Bartire and Yabarre that make up the Jidwaaq are renowned for their conquests in Abyssinia during the 1500s, where they played a significant role in the Adal Sultanate. During the Conquest of Abyssinia, the sub-clans of the Habar Maqdi frequently divided into two military factions. Ahmed Girri bin Hussein led the Yabarre sub-clan, while the Bartire sub-clan was commanded by a Malassay chief named Garad Dhaweyd.

It is well-documented that the Bartire sub-clan of the Habar Maqdi controlled the trade and caravan route to Berbera. The British explorer, scholar, and military officer Richard Burton, renowned for his African travels, highlighted the Bartire clan's longstanding connections with the Emirs of Harar.

Richard Burton writes

The Berteri, who occupy the Gurays Range, south of, and limitrophe to, the Gallas, and thence extend eastward to the Jigjiga hills, are estimated at 3000 shields. Whilst other animals have indigenous names, the horse throughout the) Of Darud origin, they own allegiance to the Gerad Hirsi, and were, when I visited the country, on bad terms with the Girhi. The chiefs family has, for several generations, been connected with the Amir's of Harar, and the caravan's route to and from Berberah lying through his country, makes


Bartire Ruler

Garaad Hirsi Garad Farah Garaad Hirsi
Garad Hirsi Garad Farah Garad Hirsi (Wiil Waal), 17th Garad of the Absame

Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi or better know as Wiil Waal (Somali: Garaad Xirsi Faraax Xirsi, Amharic: ገራድ ዊልዋል) was a traditional Somali king who lived in the 19th century and hails from the Bartire Jidwaaq branch of the Darod. The king was a man of strong judgment and wisdom. He was a leader who spent most of his life in constant raids and defenses. He ruled and liberated the Somalis from the Galla (Oromos) in which is now apart of Jigjiga and its surrounding areas

The story of Wiil Waal has been turned into a bilingual (English and Somali) children's picture book under the "Somali Bilingual Book Project" Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale by Kathleen Moriarty, with illustrations by Amin Amir and translation by Jamal Adam. It's aimed at teaching about Somali culture, wisdom, and the importance of clever thinking.

Lineage

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.

  • Darod (Daarood bin Isma'il al-Jabarti)
    • Kablalah
      • Kumade

Notable Figures

  • Garad Kulmiye Mohammed Dool Wiil-Waal, The current Garad of the Absame and Bartire, Leader of the Somali Region Council of Elders
    Garad Kulmiye Garad Mohammed Garad Dool
  • Hasan Muhumed (Xasan Daadhi), Current Minister of Water Resources for the Somali Region.
  • Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi (Wiil-Waal), The 17th Garad of the Bartire. The Jigjiga Airport (JIJ) is named after him.

See Also

Darod

Jidwaaq

Habr Maqdi

References

Citations

  1. "Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples". Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  2. Lewis, Ioan M (July 1959). "Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29 (3): 274–293. doi:10.2307/1157617. JSTOR 1157617. S2CID 143243256. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  3. "Somalia: Information on current situation of the Bartire subclan of the Darod, including where they are located". Somali specialist, political science department, Davidson College. 26 September 1996. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  4. Hagmann, Tobias; Péclard, Didier (2011). Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1002/9781444395587.ch1. ISBN 978-1-4443-9558-7.
  5. Shihāb, al-Dīn Aḥmad (2003). The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 49. ISBN 9780972317252.
  6. "Cahiers d'études africaines". Cahiers d'études africaines. 2: 30. 1961 – via Google books.
  7. Francis Burton, Sir Richard (1856). "First Footsteps in East Africa". An Explanation of Harar: 278.
  8. "First Footsteps in East Africa An Explanation of Harar". Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1856. p. 278. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
  9. Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
  10. islamicschoollibrarian (2022-03-30). "Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale retold by Kathleen Moriarty illustrated by Amin Amir and Somali translation by Jamal Adam". Islamic School Librarian. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  11. Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
  12. Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
  13. Powers, Lyall (2012-11-02). Alien Heart: The Life and Work of Margaret Laurence. Univ. of Manitoba Press. ISBN 978-0-88755-311-0.
  14. Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale. Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project. 2007. ISBN 978-1-931016-17-9.
  15. Somalia Assessment, 2001 October Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine p. 43
  16. Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine p.55 Figure A-1
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