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| {{Use British English|date=December 2024}} | {{Use British English|date=December 2024}} | ||
| {{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
| | honorific_prefix = ] | | honorific_prefix = ] | ||
| | name = Leon Przanowski | | name = Leon Przanowski | ||
| | honorific_suffix = ] |
| honorific_suffix = ] | ||
| | image = File:Leon Przanowski.jpg | | image = File:Leon Przanowski.jpg | ||
| | image_size = | | image_size = | ||
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| | birth_place = ], ] | | birth_place = ], ] | ||
| | death_date = {{Death date and age|1924|3|5|1844|11|6|df=yes}} | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1924|3|5|1844|11|6|df=yes}} | ||
| | death_place = | | death_place = ], ] | ||
| | allegiance = {{flagicon image| |
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Grand Coat of Arms of Duchy of Warsaw.svg}} ]<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of the Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (January Uprising).svg}} ]<br>{{Flag|Second Polish Republic}} | ||
| | branch = ] | | branch = ] | ||
| | serviceyears = | | serviceyears = | ||
| Line 35: | Line 35: | ||
| |style=text-align:center; | |style=text-align:center; | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| | awards = Commander of the ]<br>Knight of the ] | | awards = Commander of the ]<br>Knight of the ] | ||
| | relations = | | relations = | ||
| | laterwork = | | laterwork = | ||
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| | label3 = Batorz | | label3 = Batorz | ||
| | mark-coord3 = {{coord| |
| mark-coord3 = {{coord|50.85|22.48}} | ||
| | mark-title3 = ]<br>on 6 September 1863<br>Przanowksi is {{age|1863|9|6|1844|11|6}} years old | | mark-title3 = ]<br>on 6 September 1863<br>Przanowksi is {{age|1863|9|6|1844|11|6}} years old | ||
| | mark-description3 = ] | | mark-description3 = ] | ||
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| | term_start = 10 February 1866 | | term_start = 10 February 1866 | ||
| | term_end = 1 March 1867 | | term_end = 1 March 1867 | ||
| | resting_place = |
| resting_place = {{ill|Lipowa Street Cemeteries, Lublin|lt=Lipowa Street Cemeteries|pl|Cmentarze przy ul. Lipowej w Lublinie}}, ], ] | ||
| | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|53.759|23.914|type:landmark|display=inline}} | | resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|53.759|23.914|type:landmark|display=inline}} | ||
| | parents = ] | |||
| | office2 = ] | |||
| | termend2 = 14 April 1864 | |||
| | termstart2 = 6 September 1863 | |||
| | successor2 = Office Abolished | |||
| | preceded2 = Marcin Borelowski | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Leon |
'''Leon Józef Przanowski''' (6 November 1844 - 5 March 1924) was a Polish military official, landowner and statesman who served as ] of the ] during the ] and ] of the ]. | ||
| ==Early life (1844-1863)== | ==Early life (1844-1863)== | ||
| Leon Przanowski was born on 6 November 1844 at the ancestral summer residence of his family, ], ]. He was a son of Wojciech Józef Przanowski (b. 1790), a Napoleonic legionnaire and captain in the Polish Army during the Duchy of Warsaw, who had been awarded the Gold Cross of Virtuti Militari by Prince ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ścibor |first=Edyta |date=2010 |title=The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924) |journal=Bibliotekarz Lubelski |volume=VIII |issn=0137-9895}}</ref> His mother was Maria Przanowska (née Wessel) from the prominent clerical and scholarly Wessel herbu Rogala family. He attended secondary school in ] and later moved to Warsaw to study at the ] in Marymont.<ref name=":0" /> After the Russian authorities closed the institute in 1862, he continued his studies at the ] in ].<ref name=":0" /> | Leon Przanowski was born on 6 November 1844 at the ancestral summer residence of his family, ], ]. He was a son of Wojciech Józef Przanowski (b. 1790), a Napoleonic legionnaire and captain in the Polish Army during the ],<ref>{{Cite web |title=• Zobacz wątek - RODZINA. HERBARZ SZLACHTY POLSKIEJ |url=http://napoleon.org.pl/forum/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=760&start=10 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=napoleon.org.pl}}</ref> who had been awarded the Gold Cross of Virtuti Militari by Prince ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ścibor |first=Edyta |date=2010 |title=The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924) |journal=Bibliotekarz Lubelski |volume=VIII |issn=0137-9895}}</ref> His mother was Maria Przanowska (née Wessel) from the prominent clerical and scholarly Wessel herbu Rogala family. He attended secondary school in ] and later moved to Warsaw to study at the ] in Marymont.<ref name=":0" /> After the Russian authorities closed the institute in 1862, he continued his studies at the ] in ].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| ==January Uprising== | ==January Uprising (1863-1864)== | ||
| In January 1863, Perzanowski swore allegiance to the ] and fought |
In January 1863, Perzanowski swore allegiance to the ] and fought commanded by Gustaw Zakrzewski.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ścibor |first=Edyta |date=2010 |title=The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924) |journal=Bibliotekarz Lubelski |volume=VIII |issn=0137-9895}}</ref> On 3 September 1863, at the ], he served as commander of the ]<!---This link points to a disambiguation page, however the Polish 1st Cavalry Division was not formed until 1919 apparently. The reference appears to be in Polish. The Panasówka (battle) article makes reference to 'cavalry', but that's about it. Once this has been correctly disambiguated/resolved please remove this comment--->.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ścibor |first=Edyta |date=2010 |title=The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924) |journal=Bibliotekarz Lubelski |volume=VIII |issn=0137-9895}}</ref> He distinguished himself with exceptional bravery by leading a heroic charge and breaking through the enemy lines This earned him a promotion to lieutenant commander of the forces. | ||
| Perzanowski also participated in the ], where ] was killed. Przanowski then joined the forces |
Perzanowski also participated in the ], where ] was killed. Przanowski then joined the forces led by general ], serving as the adjutant general of the central military command of the national government.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bieleń |first=Zdzisław |title=''Graves and Tombs of the 1863 Uprising Insurgents in Lublin Cemeteries'' |url=tnn.pl |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307161533/http://tnn.pl/tekst.php?f_2t_artykul_trescpage=1&idt=750 |archive-date=7 March 2016 |publisher=tnn.pl}}</ref> | ||
| ==Second Franco-Mexican War== |
==Second Franco-Mexican War (1864-1867)== | ||
| After the uprising, he traveled to ],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gzella |first=Alojzy Leszek |title=Remember the Heroes of the January Uprising |year=2003 |isbn=8391803902 |location=]}}</ref> enrolling at the Polytechnic and Agricultural Institute of ]. During this period, he became involved in various royalist movements and co-founded the Polish Youth Society of Belgium. In 1866, he traveled to Mexico where his father was stationed. Upon his arrival, Perzanowski succeeded his father as commander-in-chief of the Polish Voluntary Division of the French Expeditionary Forces. In 1867, after defeated by the Mexican Republican Forces, he returned Belgium. |
After the uprising, he traveled to ],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gzella |first=Alojzy Leszek |title=Remember the Heroes of the January Uprising |year=2003 |isbn=8391803902 |location=]}}</ref> enrolling at the Polytechnic and Agricultural Institute of ]. During this period, he became involved in various royalist movements and co-founded the Polish Youth Society of Belgium. In 1866, he traveled to Mexico where his father was stationed. Upon his arrival, Perzanowski succeeded his father as commander-in-chief of the Polish Voluntary Division of the French Expeditionary Forces. In 1867, after defeated by the Mexican Republican Forces, he returned Belgium. | ||
| == |
==Civilian life (1869-1923)== | ||
| ⚫ | In 1869, he returned to Poland, where, as a former insurgent, he was imprisoned. Released under an amnesty, he remained under police supervision for many years. In 1873, he acquired a modest estate in the village of Krasne. Contemporary documentation from the village notes that it took several years of hard work before the farm began to turn a profit, with his horse breeding later earning a strong reputation. | ||
| === Return to Poland (1869-1873) === | |||
| ==Commerce activities== | |||
| ⚫ | In 1869, he returned to Poland, where, as a former insurgent, he was imprisoned. Released under an amnesty, he remained under police supervision for many years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unveiling of the Mural at the Sugar Industry Memory Chamber |url=https://www.pomaganie-krzepi.pl/1898,inne?tresc=14069 |publisher=Krajowa Grupa Spożywcza S.A.}}</ref> In 1873, he acquired a modest estate in the village of Krasne. Contemporary documentation from the village notes that it took several years of hard work before the farm began to turn a profit, with his horse breeding later earning a strong reputation. | ||
| Przanowski became increasingly active in social causes. He participated in ] and worked within the Land Credit Society, becoming president of its Lublin branch in 1902. From 1913, he served as general counsel of the Lublin Mutual Credit Society and was also the president of the executive committee of the Lublin branch of the ]. He supported local industry, helped organize the Cooperative Sugar Factory Society of Lublin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=„Cukrownicy – bohaterowie naszej niepodległości” na muralu! |url=https://niepodlegla.gov.pl/aktualnosci/cukrownicy-bohaterowie-naszej-niepodleglosci-na-muralu/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Niepodległa - świętujmy razem! |language=pl}}</ref> and was president of the Milejów Sugar Factory. He also founded the Lublin Agricultural Society, promoting the use of artificial fertilizers, catch crops, and fodder. | |||
| ==Civic activities== | |||
| ⚫ | On August 11, 1905, Przanowski, his brother-in-law Tadeusz Rojowski, and several other citizens of Lublin established a humanistic school known as the Eight-Year Private Philological School of Lublin, popularly called the Lublin School. It later became known as the Stefan Batory Private Boys’ High School, a landmark in |
||
| === Civilian Career (1873-1923) === | |||
| ⚫ | ==Late life== | ||
| After acquiring the estate, Przanowski became increasingly active in social causes. He participated in ] and worked within the ], becoming president of its Lublin branch in 1902.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Ścibor |first=Edyta |date=2010 |title=The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924) |journal=Bibliotekarz Lubelski |volume=VIII |issn=0137-9895}}</ref> From 1913, he served as general counsel of the Lublin Mutual Credit Society and was also the president of the executive committee of the Lublin branch of the ].<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Ścibor |first=Edyta |date=2010 |title=The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924) |journal=Bibliotekarz Lubelski |volume=VIII |issn=0137-9895}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | In September 1923, he was the representative of the January Uprising veterans during the |
||
| He supported local industry, helped organize the Cooperative Sugar Factory Society of Lublin,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title="Cukrownicy – bohaterowie naszej niepodległości" na muralu! |url=https://niepodlegla.gov.pl/aktualnosci/cukrownicy-bohaterowie-naszej-niepodleglosci-na-muralu/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=Niepodległa - świętujmy razem! |language=pl}}</ref> and was president of the Milejów Sugar Factory. On May 31, 2022, a 120 square meter mural was created in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski on the wall of the Sugar Industry Memory Chamber, featuring Leon Przanowski, Henryk Łubieński, and the Izabelin Sugar Factory in Glinojeck. The artwork highlights the contribution of sugar industry figures to Poland's fight for independence.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Ostrowiecki mural ze specjalnej farby |url=https://radiokielce.pl/897235/ostrowiecki-mural-ze-specjalnej-farby-159874/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |language=pl-PL}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Polska360.org |date=2023-11-10 |title="Cukrownicy – bohaterowie naszej niepodległości" Wirtualna wystawa |url=https://polska360.org/wirtualna-wystawa-izba-pamieci-cukrowej/ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=POLSKA360.org |language=pl-PL}}</ref> | |||
| He also founded the Lublin Agricultural Society, promoting the use of artificial fertilizers, catch crops, and fodder. | |||
| ⚫ | On August 11, 1905, Przanowski, his brother-in-law Tadeusz Rojowski, and several other citizens of Lublin established a humanistic school known as the Eight-Year Private Philological School of Lublin, popularly called the Lublin School. It later became known as the Stefan Batory Private Boys’ High School, a landmark in Lublin's educational history. His influence also led to the establishment of the ] on April 26, 1908. Around this time, he became involved with the Lublin Charitable Society and during ], he organized aid for those in need, including veterans of the ]. | ||
| ⚫ | ==Late life (1923-1924)== | ||
| ⚫ | In September 1923, he was the representative of the January Uprising veterans during the president of the Republic of Poland, ], visit to Lublin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Stanisław Wojciechowski's visit to Lublin |url=https://wmuzeach.pl/all-objects/gsKEyv3QHg46qrmcvylx_president-stanislaw-wojciechowskis-visit-to-lublin-/0 |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=wmuzeach.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Przanowski had previously served with Feliks Wojciechowski, the father of Stanisław. A year before his death, he was honored with the ]. He was buried in ] at the {{ill|Lipowa Street Cemeteries, Lublin|lt=Lipowa Street Cemeteries|pl|Cmentarze przy ul. Lipowej w Lublinie}}. | ||
| ==Family== | ==Family== | ||
| On his paternal side, Perzanowski was from the princely ]. His cousin Edward Przanowski was also a prominent figure in the January Uprising and his nephews are noted as ministers, military officials and scholars. | On his paternal side, Perzanowski was from the princely ].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tom XV (PRZ-PYŻ) |url=https://onebid.pl/pl/papers/Rodzina-herbarz-szlachty-polskiej/Tom-XV-PRZ-PYZ |access-date=2024-12-05 |website=OneBid |language=pl}}</ref> He was the grandson of Wojciech-Jerzy Przanowski and great-grandson of Józef Przanowski who was the of ].<ref name=":2" /> His cousin ] was also a prominent figure in the January Uprising and his nephews are noted as ministers, military officials and scholars.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
| ==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
| ===Prints=== | ===Prints=== | ||
Latest revision as of 07:36, 30 December 2024
Polish army officer and statesman (1844-1923)
| Major GeneralLeon PrzanowskiKVM SVM | |
|---|---|
 Przanowski, 1900 | |
| 3rd Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Voluntary Division of the French Expeditionary Force | |
| In office 10 February 1866 – 1 March 1867 | |
| Adjutant General of the Polish National Government | |
| In office 6 September 1863 – 14 April 1864 | |
| Preceded by | Marcin Borelowski |
| Succeeded by | Office Abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 November 1844 Celejów, Duchy of Warsaw |
| Died | 5 March 1924(1924-03-05) (aged 79) Lublin, Second Republic of Poland |
| Resting place | Lipowa Street Cemeteries [pl], Lublin, Poland 53°45′32″N 23°54′50″E / 53.759°N 23.914°E / 53.759; 23.914 |
| Parent | Wojciech Józef Przanowski |
| Awards | Commander of the War Order of Virtuti Militari Knight of the War Order of Virtuti Militari |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Grand Duchy of Warsaw Polish National Government Second Polish Republic |
| Branch/service | Army |
| Rank | Adjutant General |
| Battles/wars | See battles |
Selected battles
 
1000km620miles Staszów4 
Batorz3
Panasówka2
Celejów1 | |
Leon Józef Przanowski (6 November 1844 - 5 March 1924) was a Polish military official, landowner and statesman who served as adjutant general of the Polish Armed Forces during the January Uprising and commander-in-chief of the Polish Voluntary Division of the French Expeditionary Force.
Early life (1844-1863)
Leon Przanowski was born on 6 November 1844 at the ancestral summer residence of his family, Celejów, Lublin. He was a son of Wojciech Józef Przanowski (b. 1790), a Napoleonic legionnaire and captain in the Polish Army during the Duchy of Warsaw, who had been awarded the Gold Cross of Virtuti Militari by Prince Józef Poniatowski. His mother was Maria Przanowska (née Wessel) from the prominent clerical and scholarly Wessel herbu Rogala family. He attended secondary school in Lublin and later moved to Warsaw to study at the Institute of Rural and Forestry Management in Marymont. After the Russian authorities closed the institute in 1862, he continued his studies at the Polytechnic and Agricultural Institute in Puławy.
January Uprising (1863-1864)
In January 1863, Perzanowski swore allegiance to the Polish National Government and fought commanded by Gustaw Zakrzewski. On 3 September 1863, at the Battle of Panasówka, he served as commander of the 1st Cavalry Division. He distinguished himself with exceptional bravery by leading a heroic charge and breaking through the enemy lines This earned him a promotion to lieutenant commander of the forces.
Perzanowski also participated in the Battle of Batorz, where Marcin Borelowski was killed. Przanowski then joined the forces led by general Dionizy Czachowski, serving as the adjutant general of the central military command of the national government.
Second Franco-Mexican War (1864-1867)
After the uprising, he traveled to Belgium, enrolling at the Polytechnic and Agricultural Institute of Ghent University. During this period, he became involved in various royalist movements and co-founded the Polish Youth Society of Belgium. In 1866, he traveled to Mexico where his father was stationed. Upon his arrival, Perzanowski succeeded his father as commander-in-chief of the Polish Voluntary Division of the French Expeditionary Forces. In 1867, after defeated by the Mexican Republican Forces, he returned Belgium.
Civilian life (1869-1923)
Return to Poland (1869-1873)
In 1869, he returned to Poland, where, as a former insurgent, he was imprisoned. Released under an amnesty, he remained under police supervision for many years. In 1873, he acquired a modest estate in the village of Krasne. Contemporary documentation from the village notes that it took several years of hard work before the farm began to turn a profit, with his horse breeding later earning a strong reputation.
Civilian Career (1873-1923)
After acquiring the estate, Przanowski became increasingly active in social causes. He participated in landowner assemblies and worked within the Land Credit Society, becoming president of its Lublin branch in 1902. From 1913, he served as general counsel of the Lublin Mutual Credit Society and was also the president of the executive committee of the Lublin branch of the Nobles' Land Bank.
He supported local industry, helped organize the Cooperative Sugar Factory Society of Lublin, and was president of the Milejów Sugar Factory. On May 31, 2022, a 120 square meter mural was created in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski on the wall of the Sugar Industry Memory Chamber, featuring Leon Przanowski, Henryk Łubieński, and the Izabelin Sugar Factory in Glinojeck. The artwork highlights the contribution of sugar industry figures to Poland's fight for independence. He also founded the Lublin Agricultural Society, promoting the use of artificial fertilizers, catch crops, and fodder.
On August 11, 1905, Przanowski, his brother-in-law Tadeusz Rojowski, and several other citizens of Lublin established a humanistic school known as the Eight-Year Private Philological School of Lublin, popularly called the Lublin School. It later became known as the Stefan Batory Private Boys’ High School, a landmark in Lublin's educational history. His influence also led to the establishment of the H. Łopaciński Public Library on April 26, 1908. Around this time, he became involved with the Lublin Charitable Society and during World War I, he organized aid for those in need, including veterans of the January Uprising.
Late life (1923-1924)
In September 1923, he was the representative of the January Uprising veterans during the president of the Republic of Poland, Stanisław Wojciechowski, visit to Lublin. Przanowski had previously served with Feliks Wojciechowski, the father of Stanisław. A year before his death, he was honored with the War Order of Virtuti Militari. He was buried in Lublin at the Lipowa Street Cemeteries [pl].
Family
On his paternal side, Perzanowski was from the princely House of Perzanowo. He was the grandson of Wojciech-Jerzy Przanowski and great-grandson of Józef Przanowski who was the of Łubowice. His cousin Edward Przanowski was also a prominent figure in the January Uprising and his nephews are noted as ministers, military officials and scholars.
Sources
Prints
- Słownik biograficzny adwokatów polskich, tom II, zeszyt 3/4: M–Ż. Warszawa, 2007 (author biogramu: Marek Wasiak)
- P. Majewski, Posłowie i senatorowie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1919–1939: słownik biograficzny. Tom 4: M–P. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, 2009.
- Przanowski Stefan (1874–1938), Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1985 tom XXVIII/4, s. 640–642 (author biogramu: Ryszard Szwoch).
- Ministrowie Polski Niepodległej 1918–1945, pod red. Marka Baumgarta, Henryka Walczaka i Adama Wątora. Szczecin: Wyd. Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, 2001, s. 327–329, ISBN 83-7241-146-8.
- Encyklopedia historii gospodarczej Polski do 1945 roku.
- Encyklopedia Warszawy (supplement).
- Słownik biograficzny techników polskich, tom 10 (author biogramu: Józef Piłatowicz).
Notes
- "• Zobacz wątek - RODZINA. HERBARZ SZLACHTY POLSKIEJ". napoleon.org.pl. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ Ścibor, Edyta (2010). "The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924)". Bibliotekarz Lubelski. VIII. ISSN 0137-9895.
- Ścibor, Edyta (2010). "The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924)". Bibliotekarz Lubelski. VIII. ISSN 0137-9895.
- Ścibor, Edyta (2010). "The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924)". Bibliotekarz Lubelski. VIII. ISSN 0137-9895.
- Bieleń, Zdzisław. "Graves and Tombs of the 1863 Uprising Insurgents in Lublin Cemeteries". tnn.pl. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
- Gzella, Alojzy Leszek (2003). Remember the Heroes of the January Uprising. Lublin. ISBN 8391803902.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Unveiling of the Mural at the Sugar Industry Memory Chamber". Krajowa Grupa Spożywcza S.A.
- Ścibor, Edyta (2010). "The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924)". Bibliotekarz Lubelski. VIII. ISSN 0137-9895.
- Ścibor, Edyta (2010). "The Life and Socio-Civic Activities of Leon Przanowski (1844–1924)". Bibliotekarz Lubelski. VIII. ISSN 0137-9895.
- ^ ""Cukrownicy – bohaterowie naszej niepodległości" na muralu!". Niepodległa - świętujmy razem! (in Polish). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- "Ostrowiecki mural ze specjalnej farby" (in Polish). 1 June 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- Polska360.org (10 November 2023). ""Cukrownicy – bohaterowie naszej niepodległości" Wirtualna wystawa". POLSKA360.org (in Polish). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - "President Stanisław Wojciechowski's visit to Lublin". wmuzeach.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ "Tom XV (PRZ-PYŻ)". OneBid (in Polish). Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083711/http://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/a/biografia/stefan-przanowski