2024 BX1: Difference between revisions

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	{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}}}		{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2024}}
			{{Coord\|52\|37\|15\|N\|12\|45\|40\|E\|display=title}}
	{{Infobox planet		{{Infobox planet
	\| minorplanet = yes		\| minorplanet = yes
	\| name = {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}		\| name = {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}
	\| background = #FFC2E0		\| background = #FFC2E0
	\| image =		\| image = Ribbeck Meteorit.jpg
	\| image_size =		\| image_size =
	\| caption =		\| caption = A fragment of 2024 BX1
	\| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object"/><ref name="MPEC-2024-B76"/>		\| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object"/><ref name="MPEC-2024-B76"/>
	\| discoverer = ]		\| discoverer = ]
	\| discovery_site = ]		\| discovery_site = ]
	\| discovered = 20 January 2024		\| discovered = 20 January 2024
	\| mpc_name = {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}		\| mpc_name = {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}
	\| alt_names = Sar2736		\| alt_names = Sar2736, Ribbeck
	\| pronounced =		\| pronounced =
	\| named_after =		\| named_after =
	\| mp_category = {{nowrap\|]{{·}}]}}		\| mp_category = {{nowrap\|]{{·}}]}}
	\| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata"/>		\| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata"/>
	\| epoch = 13 September 2023 (] 2460200.5)		\| epoch = 13 September 2023 (] 2460200.5)
	\| uncertainty = 6		\| uncertainty = 6
	\| observation_arc = 2.49 h (150 min)		\| observation_arc = 2.49 h (150 min)
	\| earliest_precovery_date =		\| earliest_precovery_date =
	\| aphelion = 1.833 ]		\| aphelion = 1.833 ]
	\| perihelion = 0.835 AU		\| perihelion = 0.835 AU
	\| semimajor = 1.334 AU		\| semimajor = 1.334 AU
	\| eccentricity = 0.3740		\| eccentricity = 0.3740
	\| period = 1.54 yr (563.0 d)		\| period = 1.54 yr (563.0 d)
	\| mean_anomaly = 246.680]		\| mean_anomaly = 246.680]
	\| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.6394551\|sup=ms}} / day		\| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS\|0.6394551\|sup=ms}} / day
	\| inclination = 7.266°		\| inclination = 7.266°
	\| asc_node = 300.141°		\| asc_node = 300.141°
	\| arg_peri = 243.604°		\| arg_peri = 243.604°
	\| moid = {{cvt\|0.000532\|AU\|km}}		\| moid = {{cvt\|0.000532\|AU\|km}}
	\| physical_ref =		\| physical_ref =
	\| mean_diameter = ≈{{val\|1\|u=m}}		\| mean_diameter = {{val\|44\|u=cm}}<ref name="Spurný2024"/><br/>{{val\|40\|-\|60\|u=cm}}<ref name="Bischoff2024" />
			\| mass = {{val\|140\|u=kg}} (entry mass)<ref name="Spurný2024"/><br/>{{val\|1.8\|u=kg}} (recovered)<ref name="Bischoff2024" />
	\| mass =
	\| density =		\| density =
			\| rotation = {{val\|2.5888\|0.0002\|u=second}}<ref name="Devogèle2024"/>
	\| rotation =
	\| axial_tilt =		\| axial_tilt =
	\| albedo =		\| albedo =
	\| spectral_type =		\| spectral_type = ]<ref name="Spurný2024"/>
	\| magnitude =		\| magnitude =
	\| abs_magnitude = {{val\|32.795\|0.353}}<ref name="jpldata"/><br/>32.84<ref name="MPC-object"/>		\| abs_magnitude = {{val\|32.795\|0.353}}<ref name="jpldata"/><br/>32.84<ref name="MPC-object"/><br/>–14.4 (bolide maximum)<ref name="Spurný2024"/>
	}}		}}

	'''{{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}''', previously known under its temporary designation '''Sar2736''', was a ~~metre~~-sized ] or ] that entered Earth's atmosphere on 21 January 2024 00:33 ] and disintegrated as a ] over ].<ref name="MPEC-2024-B76"/> ~~It was discovered less than three hours before impact by Hungarian astronomer ] at ]'s ] in the ], ].~~<ref name="~~MPEC~~-~~2024-B76~~"/> The ] ~~was~~ ~~observed~~ by ~~the cameras of~~ the ~~AllSky7<ref>{{Cite~~ web \|title=german@allsky7.groups.io {{!}} SAR2736 \|url=https://allsky7.groups.io/g/german/topic/103861190#5030 \|access-date=2024-01-21 \|website=allsky7.groups.io}}</ref> and Fripon<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Single event view (773388) \|url=https://fireball.fripon.org/displaysingle.php?id=773388 \|access-date=2024-01-21 \|website=fireball.fripon.org}}</ref> networks. {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}} is the eighth asteroid discovered before impacting Earth, and is Sárneczky'~~s third discovery of an impacting asteroid. Before it impacted, {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}} was a ] on an Earth-crossing ] orbit~~.		'''{{mp\|2024 BX\|1}}''', previously known under its temporary designation '''Sar2736''', was a 44 ]-sized (17 ])<ref name="Spurný2024" /> ] or ] that entered Earth's atmosphere on 21 January 2024 00:33 ] and disintegrated as a ] over ].<ref name="MPEC-2024-B76"/><ref name="NYT-20240210"/> The recovered fragments are known as the '''Ribbeck meteorite'''.

			It was discovered less than three hours before impact by Hungarian astronomer ] at ]'s ] in the ], ].<ref name="MPEC-2024-B76"/> It was observed with the 60 cm ]. Sárneczky first thought it was a known asteroid because it had a brightness of 18th ], but he could not find it in any catalog, so he reported it to the ].<ref name="Konkoly2024"/> The ] was observed by the cameras of the AllSky7<ref name="allsky7"/> and Fripon<ref name="fripon"/> networks. {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}} is the eighth asteroid discovered before impacting Earth, and is Sárneczky's third discovery of an impacting asteroid. Before it impacted, {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}} was a ] on an Earth-crossing ] orbit.

			The ] was studied in June 2024. It had a steep entry of 75.6° and an entry speed of 15.20 km/s. The bolide was observed with the SDAFO at ], which took a spectrum of the bolide. The spectrum was low in iron, consistent with an ]-rich body (]). At a hight of 55 km the meteoroid fragmented into smaller pieces. These primary pieces then broke up again at a height of 39-29 km. The size and mass were first estimated at 1 meter and 1700 kg based on ] of ]. The ] from the ] did however suggest a mass of about 100 kg. Considering it was an E-type asteroid, which have higher albedos, the new estimates are 0.44 meters and 140 kg.<ref name="Spurný2024"/>

			== Ribbeck meteorite ==
			] fragments of {{mp\|2024 BX\|1}} were found four days after it entered the Earth's atmosphere.<ref name="skyandtelescope2024" /><ref name="twitterSAL_DLR_Berlin" /><ref name="Bischoff2024" /> Searches were conducted by the ] (DLR), the Berlin universities, members of the ] and ]. The first samples were found by ] searchers close to the village ]. The meteorite fragments are therefore called '''Ribbeck meteorites'''. About 200 pieces were collected, totaling about 1.8 kg. The largest pieces weighed 212 g (sample F13) and 171 g (sample F14).<ref name="Bischoff2024" /> First analysis by scientists of the ] in Berlin showed that it was an ], a rare group of meteorites. The results were submitted to ] in February.<ref name="SETI" /> Later analysis of the spectrum at ]–] wavelengths also found that the sample is consistent with aubrites. It was also shown that it had similar 0.5/0.9 μm band depths when compared to ], hinting at a possible linkage. 2024 BX1 also shows an ] that is consistent with the heliocentric distances of the ].<ref name="Cantillo2024" /> A study from July 2024 describe the meteorite fragments. According to this study Ribbeck is consistent with a ] aubrite. The researchers found that the ] fragments in Ribbeck formed from coarse-grained ] that cooled slowly and that were fragmented by ] on the ]. The albitic plagioclase content is one of the highest among all aubrites, similar to the aubrite of Bishopville (see ]). This causes ] measurements to be higher in both meteorites. The rock showed signs of ] and ]. The 4 days of weathering in the snow/melted snow gave the samples a brown color and the breakdown of sulfides gave the samples a smell of ] (rotten egg smell). Some minerals (], a ]-rich phase and a ]-rich phase) showed strong alteration, but it is unclear if this happened partially before the meteorite impact or if it is only due to weathering.<ref name="Bischoff2024" /> The researchers believe that the parent body of Ribbeck is 4.5 billion years old.<ref name="Bischoff2024" /><ref name="UniMuensterPress" /> Aubrites formed very early within a few Million years after the formation of ] (~4.56 billion years old) and for Ribbeck ages were determined with the help of ] (~3.3–3.7 billion years) and ]/]-] dating (~2.3–2.5 billion years). These younger ages are indications for impact events on the parent body. The cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age of Ribbeck is 55-62 Million years. CRE dating is a technique to determine how long a sample was exposed to space (see ]).<ref name="Bischoff2024" />
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|+Composition of 2024 BX<sub>1</sub>
			!Mineral
			!Bischoff et al.<ref name="Bischoff2024" />
			\|-
			\|FeO-free enstatite
			\|76 ±3 vol%
			\|-
			\|albitic plagioclase
			\|15.0 ±2.5 vol%
			\|-
			\|]
			\|5.5 ±1.5 vol%
			\|-
			\|opaque phases<br/>a) Metals, including ] with ]-rich grains (] or ])<br/>b) ]<br/>c) Sulfides: ], ], ], oldhamite, Cr-rich phase, Ti-rich phase
			\|3.5 ±1.0 vol%
			\|-
			\|nearly FeO-free ]
			\|traces
			\|-
			\|]
			\|traces
			\|-
			\|S-bearing K-feldspar-like phase
			\|traces
			\|}
			Researchers described the meteorite fragments as "cosmic pears", in remembrance of the ballad ] by ].<ref name="Bischoff2024" /><ref name="UniMuensterPress" /> According to the ballad Ribbeck gave ] to passing children and after his death a legendary pear tree did grow on his grave, providing children with free pears.

			== Exhibitions ==
			Seven pieces of the meteorite were exhibited at the Natural History Museum in Berlin for a few weeks in March 2024.<ref name="NaturkundeBerlin"/><ref name="Karmaka2024"/> A 26 g piece discovered by Antal Igaz is exposed at the Konkoly Observatory in Hungary. A 5.3 g piece found by Szymon Kozłowski is on display at the ].<ref name="Karmaka2024" />

			== Gallery ==
			<gallery>
			File:NAEcupEAPKNgEsj-.webm\|2024 BX<sub>1</sub> bolide on 21 January 2024 over Berlin
			File:Maps14245-fig-0009-m(a).jpg\|Sample of Ribbeck found after 6 days and showing terrestrial alteration, giving the sample a brown color
			File:Maps14245-fig-0008-m(a).jpg\|] in Ribbeck, showing fracture lines, indicative of shock metamorphism
			File:Maps14245-fig-0005-m.jpg\|] of 2024 BX<sub>1</sub> samples, with enstatite crystals (En), olivine (Ol), plagioclase (Plag) and metal (Met)
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite (Bullet with white fusion crust, Sample F159), lateral view with Roll-Over Lip.jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite, flight-oriented individual (Bullet with white fusion crust, Sample F159), lateral view with Roll-Over Lip
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite with atypical coloration (Dalmatian Stone, Sample F69) with Dalmatian Model.jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite with atypical coloration, Individual (Dalmatian Stone, Sample F69) with Dalmatian Model
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite with atypical coloration (Dalmatian Stone, Sample F69).jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite with atypical coloration, Individual (Dalmatian Stone, Sample F69)
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, B, Rear-Facing Side).jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite, Individual (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, Rear-Facing Side)
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, C, Rear-Facing Side, Detail).jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite, Individual (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, Rear-Facing Side, Detail)
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, D, lateral view).jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite, flight-oriented individual (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, lateral view)
			File:Ribbeck Meteorite (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, E, lateral view with rim).jpg\|Ribbeck Meteorite (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, lateral view with rim)


			</gallery>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* ]		* ]
	* ]		* ]
			** ]
	** {{mpl\|2023 CX\|1}}, the seventh asteroid discovered before being successfully predicted to impact Earth, and the third asteroid to have its ] collected
			** ]
			** ]

	== References ==		== References ==
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	\|date = 21 January 2024		\|date = 21 January 2024
	\|accessdate = 21 January 2024}}</ref>		\|accessdate = 21 January 2024}}</ref>

			<ref name="Bischoff2024">{{Cite journal \|last=Bischoff \|first=Addi \|author-link=:de:Addi Bischoff \|last2=Patzek \|first2=Markus \|last3=Barrat \|first3=Jean-Alix \|last4=Berndt \|first4=Jasper \|last5=Busemann \|first5=Henner \|last6=Degering \|first6=Detlev \|last7=Di Rocco \|first7=Tommaso \|last8=Ek \|first8=Mattias \|last9=Harries \|first9=Dennis \|last10=Godinho \|first10=Jose R. A. \|last11=Heinlein \|first11=Dieter \|author-link11=:de:Dieter Heinlein \|last12=Kriele \|first12=Armin \|last13=Krietsch \|first13=Daniela \|last14=Maden \|first14=Colin \|last15=Marchhart \|first15=Oscar \|date=2024-07-31 \|title=Cosmic pears from the Havelland (Germany): Ribbeck, the twelfth recorded aubrite fall in history \|journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science \|volume=59, Nr. 10 \|pages=2660-2694 \|doi=10.1111/maps.14245 \|issn=1086-9379 \|doi-access=free \|last16=Marshal \|first16=Rachael M. \|last17=Martschini \|first17=Martin \|last18=Merchel \|first18=Silke \|last19=Möller \|first19=Andreas \|last20=Pack \|first20=Andreas \|last21=Raab \|first21=Herbert \|last22=Reitze \|first22=Maximilian P. \|last23=Rendtel \|first23=Ina \|last24=Rüfenacht \|first24=Miriam \|last25=Sachs \|first25=Oliver \|author-link25=:de:Oliver Sachs \|last26=Schönbächler \|first26=Maria \|last27=Schuppisser \|first27=Anja \|last28=Weber \|first28=Iris \|last29=Wieser \|first29=Alexander \|last30=Wimmer \|first30=Karl}}</ref>

			<ref name="UniMuensterPress">{{Cite web \|title=Ribbeck meteorite from the Havelland is 4.5 billion years old \|url=https://www.uni-muenster.de/news/view.php?cmdid=14207&lang=en \|access-date=2024-08-04 \|website=www.uni-muenster.de \|publisher=University of Münster \|language=en}}</ref>

			<ref name="Konkoly2024">{{Cite web \|title=162 minutes from discovery until impact \|url=https://konkoly.hu/en/news/science/162-minutes-from-discovery-until-impact \|access-date=2024-08-04 \|website=Konkoly Thege Miklós Astronomical Institute \|language=en}}</ref>

			<ref name="NYT-20240210">{{cite news \|last=O'Callaghan \|first=Jonathan \|title=Fragments of Asteroid With Mystery Origin Are Found Outside Berlin - Astronomers tracked the entry of a small space rock into Earth's atmosphere, and then meteorite hunters made an unexpected discovery. \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/10/science/aubrite-asteroid-meteorite-berlin.html \|date=10 February 2024 \|work=] \|url-status=live \|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240210183139/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/10/science/aubrite-asteroid-meteorite-berlin.html \|archivedate=10 February 2024 \|accessdate=10 February 2024 }}</ref>

			<ref name="allsky7">{{Cite web \|title=german@allsky7.groups.io {{!}} SAR2736 \|url=https://allsky7.groups.io/g/german/topic/103861190#5030 \|access-date=2024-01-21 \|website=allsky7.groups.io}}</ref>

			<ref name="fripon">{{Cite web \|title=Single event view (773388) \|url=https://fireball.fripon.org/displaysingle.php?id=773388 \|access-date=2024-01-21 \|website=fireball.fripon.org}}</ref>

			<ref name="skyandtelescope2024">{{Cite web \|last=King \|first=Bob \|authorlink= Bob P. King \|date=26 January 2024 \|title=ASTEROID 2024 BX1: FROM A DOT OF LIGHT TO FIREBALL TO ROCKS ON THE GROUND \|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/asteroid-2024-bx1-from-a-dot-of-light-to-fireball-to-rocks-on-the-ground/ \|access-date=27 January 2024 \|website=Sky & Telescope}}</ref>

			<ref name="twitterSAL_DLR_Berlin">{{Cite tweet\|user=SAL_DLR_Berlin\|number=1750931305351504356\|title=And here we go! The joint team from @DLR_en, @mfnberlin and @FU_Berlin managed to recover two fragments that are thought to be from asteroid #2024BX1. We will still be going to the field in the next few days with the hope of finding more material to study! #meteorites}}</ref>

			<ref name="SETI">{{cite news\|title=Asteroid that impacted near Berlin identified as a rare Aubrite\|url=https://www.seti.org/press-release/asteroid-impacted-near-berlin-identified-rare-aubrite\|website=SETI\|date=5 February 2024\|accessdate=6 February 2024}}</ref>

			<ref name="NaturkundeBerlin">{{Cite web \|date=2024-03-05 \|title=Spectacular meteorite to be exhibited at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin \|url=https://www.museumfuernaturkunde.berlin/en/press/press-releases/spectacular-meteorite-be-exhibited-museum-fur-naturkunde-berlin \|access-date=2024-08-04 \|website=Museum für Naturkunde \|language=en}}</ref>

			<ref name="Spurný2024">{{Cite journal \|last1=Spurný \|first1=P. \|last2=Borovička \|first2=J. \|last3=Shrbený \|first3=L. \|last4=Hankey \|first4=M. \|last5=Neubert \|first5=R. \|date=2024-06-01 \|title=Atmospheric entry and fragmentation of the small asteroid 2024 BX1: Bolide trajectory, orbit, dynamics, light curve, and spectrum \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024A&A...686A..67S \|arxiv=2403.00634 \|bibcode=2024A&A...686A..67S \|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics \|volume=686 \|pages=A67 \|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202449735 \|issn=0004-6361}}</ref>

			<ref name="Cantillo2024">{{Cite journal \|last1=Cantillo \|first1=David C. \|last2=Ridenhour \|first2=Kaycee I. \|last3=Battle \|first3=Adam \|last4=Joyce \|first4=Thomas \|last5=Nunez Breceda \|first5=Juliana \|last6=Pearson \|first6=Neil \|last7=Reddy \|first7=Vishnu \|date=2024-06-01 \|title=Laboratory Spectral Characterization of Ribbeck Aubrite: Meteorite Sample of Earth-impacting Near-Earth Asteroid 2024 BX1 \|journal=The Planetary Science Journal \|volume=5 \|issue=6 \|pages=138 \|bibcode=2024PSJ.....5..138C \|doi=10.3847/PSJ/ad4885 \|doi-access=free \|issn=2632-3338}}</ref>

			<ref name="Devogèle2024">{{Cite journal \|last1=Devogèle \|first1=Maxime \|title=Aperture photometry on asteroid trails \|date=2024-04-01 \|arxiv=2404.04142 \|last2=Buzzi \|first2=Luca \|last3=Micheli \|first3=Marco \|last4=Cano \|first4=Juan Luis \|last5=Conversi \|first5=Luca \|last6=Jehin \|first6=Emmanuel \|last7=Ferrais \|first7=Marin \|last8=Ocaña \|first8=Francisco \|last9=Föhring \|first9=Dora\|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics \|volume=689 \|pages=A211 \|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202450263 }}</ref>

			<ref name="Karmaka2024">{{Cite web \|date=2024-05-29 \|title=RIBBECK (2024 BX1) Aubrite meteorite fall (~ 1760 g) between Selbelang (Paulinenaue), Ribbeck, Berge and Lietzow (Nauen), Havelland, Brandenburg, Germany at 00:32:38-44 UT on 21 January 2024 \|url=https://karmaka.de/?p=34832 \|access-date=2024-08-05 \|website=karmaka.de}}</ref>

	}}		}}
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	* {{ESA-SSA\|2024BX1}}		* {{ESA-SSA\|2024BX1}}
	* {{JPL small body\|id=54421651}}		* {{JPL small body\|id=54421651}}
	* at ]		* at ]
			* wiki.meteoritica.pl (in Polish)
			* on the Meteoritical Bulletin Database
			* of a Ribbeck fragment
			* with a lot of information, images of fragments and videos

	<!--use upon numbering: {{Minor planets navigator \| \|number=? \|PageName={{mp\|(?) 2024 BX\|1}} \| }} -->		<!--use upon numbering: {{Minor planets navigator \| \|number=? \|PageName={{mp\|(?) 2024 BX\|1}} \| }} -->
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Latest revision as of 13:05, 30 December 2024

2024 meteoroid

52°37′15″N 12°45′40″E / 52.62083°N 12.76111°E / 52.62083; 12.76111

2024 BX₁
Discovery
A fragment of 2024 BX1
Discovered by	Krisztián Sárneczky
Discovery site	Piszkéstető Stn.
Discovery date	20 January 2024
Designations
MPC designation	2024 BX₁
Alternative designations	Sar2736, Ribbeck
Minor planet category	NEO · Apollo
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 13 September 2023 (JD 2460200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 6
Observation arc	2.49 h (150 min)
Aphelion	1.833 AU
Perihelion	0.835 AU
Semi-major axis	1.334 AU
Eccentricity	0.3740
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.54 yr (563.0 d)
Mean anomaly	246.680°
Mean motion	0° 38 22.038 / day
Inclination	7.266°
Longitude of ascending node	300.141°
Argument of perihelion	243.604°
Earth MOID	0.000532 AU (79,600 km)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	44 cm 40–60 cm
Mass	140 kg (entry mass) 1.8 kg (recovered)
Synodic rotation period	2.5888±0.0002 s
Spectral type	E-type asteroid
Absolute magnitude (H)	32.795±0.353 32.84 –14.4 (bolide maximum)

2024 BX₁, previously known under its temporary designation Sar2736, was a 44 centimetre-sized (17 inches) asteroid or meteoroid that entered Earth's atmosphere on 21 January 2024 00:33 UTC and disintegrated as a meteor over Berlin. The recovered fragments are known as the Ribbeck meteorite.

It was discovered less than three hours before impact by Hungarian astronomer Krisztián Sárneczky at Konkoly Observatory's Piszkéstető Station in the Mátra Mountains, Hungary. It was observed with the 60 cm Schmidt Telescope. Sárneczky first thought it was a known asteroid because it had a brightness of 18th magnitude, but he could not find it in any catalog, so he reported it to the Minor Planet Center. The fireball was observed by the cameras of the AllSky7 and Fripon networks. 2024 BX₁ is the eighth asteroid discovered before impacting Earth, and is Sárneczky's third discovery of an impacting asteroid. Before it impacted, 2024 BX₁ was a near-Earth asteroid on an Earth-crossing Apollo-type orbit.

The bolide was studied in June 2024. It had a steep entry of 75.6° and an entry speed of 15.20 km/s. The bolide was observed with the SDAFO at Tautenburg, which took a spectrum of the bolide. The spectrum was low in iron, consistent with an enstatite-rich body (E-type asteroid). At a hight of 55 km the meteoroid fragmented into smaller pieces. These primary pieces then broke up again at a height of 39-29 km. The size and mass were first estimated at 1 meter and 1700 kg based on albedos of S-type asteroids. The radiometric measurements from the European Fireball Network did however suggest a mass of about 100 kg. Considering it was an E-type asteroid, which have higher albedos, the new estimates are 0.44 meters and 140 kg.

Ribbeck meteorite

Meteorite fragments of 2024 BX₁ were found four days after it entered the Earth's atmosphere. Searches were conducted by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the Berlin universities, members of the Meteor Working Group and meteorite hunters. The first samples were found by Polish searchers close to the village Ribbeck (Nauen). The meteorite fragments are therefore called Ribbeck meteorites. About 200 pieces were collected, totaling about 1.8 kg. The largest pieces weighed 212 g (sample F13) and 171 g (sample F14). First analysis by scientists of the Natural History Museum in Berlin showed that it was an aubrite, a rare group of meteorites. The results were submitted to the Meteoritical Society in February. Later analysis of the spectrum at UV–mid-infrared wavelengths also found that the sample is consistent with aubrites. It was also shown that it had similar 0.5/0.9 μm band depths when compared to 434 Hungaria, hinting at a possible linkage. 2024 BX1 also shows an aphelion that is consistent with the heliocentric distances of the Hungaria family. A study from July 2024 describe the meteorite fragments. According to this study Ribbeck is consistent with a brecciated aubrite. The researchers found that the plagioclase fragments in Ribbeck formed from coarse-grained magmatic rock that cooled slowly and that were fragmented by impacts on the parent body. The albitic plagioclase content is one of the highest among all aubrites, similar to the aubrite of Bishopville (see Meteorite fall). This causes Europium measurements to be higher in both meteorites. The rock showed signs of shock metamorphism and terrestrial weathering. The 4 days of weathering in the snow/melted snow gave the samples a brown color and the breakdown of sulfides gave the samples a smell of hydrogen sulfide (rotten egg smell). Some minerals (oldhamite, a Cr-rich phase and a Ti-rich phase) showed strong alteration, but it is unclear if this happened partially before the meteorite impact or if it is only due to weathering. The researchers believe that the parent body of Ribbeck is 4.5 billion years old. Aubrites formed very early within a few Million years after the formation of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (~4.56 billion years old) and for Ribbeck ages were determined with the help of K–Ar dating (~3.3–3.7 billion years) and Uranium/Thorium-Helium dating (~2.3–2.5 billion years). These younger ages are indications for impact events on the parent body. The cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age of Ribbeck is 55-62 Million years. CRE dating is a technique to determine how long a sample was exposed to space (see surface exposure dating).

Composition of 2024 BX₁
Mineral	Bischoff et al.
FeO-free enstatite	76 ±3 vol%
albitic plagioclase	15.0 ±2.5 vol%
forsterite	5.5 ±1.5 vol%
opaque phases a) Metals, including kamacite with Nickel-rich grains (taenite or tetrataenite) b) Schreibersite c) Sulfides: troilite, djerfisherite, alabandite, oldhamite, Cr-rich phase, Ti-rich phase	3.5 ±1.0 vol%
nearly FeO-free diopside	traces
K-feldspar	traces
S-bearing K-feldspar-like phase	traces

Researchers described the meteorite fragments as "cosmic pears", in remembrance of the ballad Herr von Ribbeck auf Ribbeck im Havelland by Theodor Fontane. According to the ballad Ribbeck gave pears to passing children and after his death a legendary pear tree did grow on his grave, providing children with free pears.

Exhibitions

Seven pieces of the meteorite were exhibited at the Natural History Museum in Berlin for a few weeks in March 2024. A 26 g piece discovered by Antal Igaz is exposed at the Konkoly Observatory in Hungary. A 5.3 g piece found by Szymon Kozłowski is on display at the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Warsaw.

Gallery

2024 BX₁ bolide on 21 January 2024 over Berlin
Sample of Ribbeck found after 6 days and showing terrestrial alteration, giving the sample a brown color
$Olivine in Ribbeck, showing fracture lines, indicative of shock metamorphism$ Olivine in Ribbeck, showing fracture lines, indicative of shock metamorphism
Thin sections of 2024 BX₁ samples, with enstatite crystals (En), olivine (Ol), plagioclase (Plag) and metal (Met)
Ribbeck Meteorite, flight-oriented individual (Bullet with white fusion crust, Sample F159), lateral view with Roll-Over Lip
Ribbeck Meteorite with atypical coloration, Individual (Dalmatian Stone, Sample F69) with Dalmatian Model
Ribbeck Meteorite with atypical coloration, Individual (Dalmatian Stone, Sample F69)
Ribbeck Meteorite, Individual (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, Rear-Facing Side)
Ribbeck Meteorite, Individual (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, Rear-Facing Side, Detail)
Ribbeck Meteorite, flight-oriented individual (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, lateral view)
Ribbeck Meteorite (Spectacular fusion crust, Sample F82, lateral view with rim)