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| {{Short description|Railway Line in Iraq}} | |||
| {{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=February 2024}} | |||
| The '''IRR Western Line''', alternatively '''Baghdad- |
The '''IRR Western Line''', alternatively '''Baghdad-Huseyba/Qaim-Akashat Railway(s)''' (Route Number '''3''') is a railway line of the ] (IRR) that connects ] and ] with ] via ] and ]. It is mostly a single-track unelectrified line, with some sections from ] to ] double-tracked. The line is about {{convert|520|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and has a maximum speed of {{convert|100|kph|mph|abbr=on}}. The line features two of the three Iraqi regular passenger rail services—the commuter lines between Baghdad and Falluja or Ramadi, the third being the ]. | ||
| {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=350|frame-height=180|from=IRR_Western_Line.map|type=line|text=Map of the IRR Western Line.}} | |||
| ⚫ | ==Technical |
||
| {{IRR Western Line}} | |||
| The Railway Line had a fully automatic relay system since 1986. The Railway Line possessed a network of sound cables that provided connections between the station and the locomotives as well as to other stations. As of October 2018, the signalling and communication systems are both out of service. | |||
| ⚫ | ==Technical specifications == | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| The Railway Line had a fully automatic relay system since 1986, near the end of construction of the eastern portion of the Line. The Line featured a network of sound cables that provided communication between stations and locomotives or to other stations. As of October 2018, the signalling and communication systems are out of service.<ref name="Irak">{{cite journal |last1=Alwan |first1=SR ENGR Safa |last2=Hanoon |first2=SR ENGR Isra |date=October 2018 |title=Irak |url=https://www.comcec.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Irak.ppsx |journal=Proceedings of the 12th Meeting of the COMCEC Transport and Communications Working Group |publisher=] |volume= |issue= |pages=34 |doi= |access-date=January 2, 2024}}</ref> | |||
| The track gauge is 1435 millimetres (]). The rails have a UIC 60 profile and consist of welded joints. The axel load is 25 tons. The line is 90% damaged, and operators must run the trains more cautiously than ideal, allowing only a top speed of 100 kph. | |||
| ⚫ | Along the line, five light maintenance workshops at Baghdad, Falluja, Ramadi, Haqlaniya and Akashat and two heavy maintenance factories at Qaim and Baghdad were built.<ref name="Irak" /> | ||
| The track gauge is ] (1435 millimetres), the gauge used on all Iraqi Railways since the 1984 closure of the ]. The rails have a UIC 60 profile with welded joints designed for high-speed and heavy freight services. The axle load is 25 tons.<ref name="Irak" /> The sleepers are made of precast concrete, with nearly 4,000 glued insulated joints.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=D. |first=Lindsay |date=1986 |title=Baghdad-Hsaibah and AL-Qaim-Akashat railway - investigation into the performance of glued insulated and cemented rail joints (IM-CES-037) |url=https://www.rssb.co.uk/spark/sparkitem/pb005617 |journal=IM-CES |publisher=British Rail Research |publication-place=United Kingdom |volume=037 |access-date=2024-11-29 |quote=MENDES JUNIOR rate the civil engineering and track laying contractors for the construction and initial maintenance of the BAGHDAD-HSAIBAH and AL-QAIM-AKASHAT railway project in IRAQ. The majority of the line is 4 years old and has so far seen relatively little traffic. |via=SPARK library}}</ref> | |||
| Due to significant damage sustained during conflicts, operators are required to exercise caution, which limits the operational speed to a maximum of 100 km/h, often even below that.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180910-opened-iraqi-railway-sign-progress | title=Re-opened Iraqi railway a sign of progress | date=10 September 2018 }}</ref> | |||
| {{Blockquote | |||
| |text="The rails, stations, equipment, bridges and tunnels have sustained damage of more than 90 percent" | |||
| |author=Taleb Jawad Kazem, deputy director general of Iraq's railways<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180910-opened-iraqi-railway-sign-progress | title=Re-opened Iraqi railway a sign of progress | date=10 September 2018 }}</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| The construction process involved the stabilisation of ] over a stretch of {{Convert|50|km|mi}} to prevent track subsidence. Additionally, foundational reinforcement was necessary for both the railway and the adjacent highway bridges. The largest undertaking to facilitate construction was the act of relocating the ] dam.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2000-10-09 |title=Akashat - Iraq Special Weapons Report |url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/iraq/facility/akashat.htm |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Federation of American Scientists}}</ref> | |||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| The line started construction on the 144 km Akashat-Qaim section with 5 stations in the Summer of 1981 and construction was completed by February 1982. The 376 km long section with 23 stations from Huseyba to Baghdad started construction in November 1982 and was finished by approximately 1987. | |||
| Construction of the 144 km Akashat-Qaim stretch began in the summer of 1981 and was completed by February 1982, with 5 stations along the route. Construction of the 376 km section from Huseyba to Baghdad, which included 23 stations and passed through more densely populated areas, began in November 1982 and was completed by 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grantham |first=Andrew |title=Railway Lines of Iraq |url=https://www.andrewgrantham.co.uk/iraq/railway-lines-in-iraq/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=Railways of Iraq |date=8 February 2014 |quote=al-Qaim – Askashat (carries phosphates to Al-Qaim) Summer 1981 (RGI Feb 1982/p638) Baghdad – Al fallujah – Habbaniya – Al Ramadi East – Hit – Haqlaniyah – Anah – Al-Qaim – Qusaybah (on the Syrian border at Abu Kamai) 516 km (376 in Cook’s, 404 RGI p892 Nov 1982) c1987}}</ref><ref name="Irak" /> The line's construction happened entirely within the timeframe of the ]. Despite occasional delays due to the war, construction proceeded relatively smoothly, as the project site was located far from the frontlines. The construction of the Akashat Branch was officially stated to be intended for transporting phosphate by employees of the IRR.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farahat |first=Ahmed Muhammed |date=1985-01-29 |title=نفقات التشغيل على الخطوط الحديدية العراقية مع التطبيق على خط القائم -عكاشات |trans-title=Iraqi railways operating cost computations, as applied to the Al-Quaim-Akashat line |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/122330?ln=en&v=pdf |journal=Consultative Mission to the General Establishment for Transport and Operations, General Organization for Iraqi Railways |language=ar |publisher=ECWA |publication-place=Baghdad |pages=55 |quote=The Establishment is currently concerned with operating cost computations for particular lines of the Iraqi network. Chief among these lines is the newly constructed line for transporting phospahte rocks from Akashat mines to the processing plant in Al-Quaim, some 150 km to the north. |via=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref> However, there are claims it was also used for the transportation of ] from the Akashat uranium mine to a Swiss-built uranium enrichment facility in Qaim.<ref name=":1" /> It was believed that ] (WMDs), including nuclear materials and mustard gas, might have been processed in Qaim using minerals from Akashat and surrounding areas during ] ]. However, ] after the ]. | |||
| ⚫ | == Operations and |
||
| ⚫ | A daily commuter rail line |
||
| From 2022 to 2024, trains heading to Qaim and Akashat were able to get there through the reconstructed detour over Baiji to Baghdad, which added over 100 km (62 mi) to the original journey (Baghdad-Falluja-Qaim=375km; Baghdad-Baiji-Qaim=500km).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2023/11/19/8-iraqi-rail-lines-re-opened-in-past-year/|title= 8 Iraqi Rail Lines Re-Opened in Past Year|last=Lee |first= John|date= November 19, 2023 |website=iraq-business news|access-date= January 2, 2024|quote=The rehabilitated Baiji field line, opened on November 5, 2022}}</ref> | |||
| Tickets are relatively speaking very cheap, even for Iraqi standards with a one-way fair costing 2000 IQD or 1.5 USD. | |||
| ⚫ | Even though new trains have been bought, the line still doesn't operate the 72 trains a day it did during its heyday<ref |
||
| ⚫ | == Operations and recent developments == | ||
| Trains may reach Qaim and Akashat in recent times due to the now possible connection over Baiji, although this route is certainly longer. | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | A daily commuter rail line currently spans the 65-kilometre distance from Baghdad to Falluja. Trains start the trip to the capital at 6:45 am and return at 3:00 pm. On average, 250 passengers take the journey from Baghdad to Falluja every day. Tickets for the Falluja Train are relatively cheap, even for Iraqi standards, with a one-way fare costing 2000 IQD or 1.5 USD.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| With the addition of the daily {{Convert|120|km|mi|}} Ramadi train, two lines now operate on the railway. Trains leave Ramadi at 6 am and return from Baghdad at 3:30 pm. The Train to Ramadi costs 4000 dinar and the Train leaving Ramadi 5000 dinar. First-class options cost 2000 dinar extra. Each train can carry 350 passengers. On the way, trains stop in Falluja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=بعد ساعات من الآن.. أول قطار ينطلق من الرمادي إلى بغداد |trans-title=Hours from now.. the first train from Ramadi will depart to Baghdad |url=https://964media.com/453791/ |access-date= |website=+964 |language=ar}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | Even though new trains have been bought, the line still doesn't operate the 72 trains a day it did during its heyday.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| The temporary detour via Baiji became unnecessary following the reconstruction of the Railway Bridge, which had interrupted service for 20 years, and forced trains to terminate at Falluja. After this hiatus, marked by political instability, terrorism and corruption, the reconstruction of the aforementioned bridge was completed. The reopening ceremony took place on October 8th, in conjunction with the 'Year of Achievements' project launched by the Iraqi Prime Minister. Passenger service to Ramadi began on October 11, 2024. Services continuing further on to Qaim are expected to resume by the end of 2024, according to information by the Transportation Ministry.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=John |date=2024-10-15 |title=Baghdad-Ramadi Railway Reopens after 20-Year Hiatus |url=https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2024/10/15/baghdad-ramadi-railway-reopens-after-20-year-hiatus/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |work=Iraq Business News}}</ref> | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| ] | |||
| == External links == | |||
| ] | |||
| * | |||
| ] | |||
| <!-- Categories --> | |||
Latest revision as of 12:32, 31 December 2024
Railway Line in IraqThe IRR Western Line, alternatively Baghdad-Huseyba/Qaim-Akashat Railway(s) (Route Number 3) is a railway line of the Iraqi Republic Railways (IRR) that connects Akashat and Qaim with Baghdad via Ramadi and Falluja. It is mostly a single-track unelectrified line, with some sections from Sheikh Dari to Mufraq Rutba double-tracked. The line is about 520 km (320 mi) long and has a maximum speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The line features two of the three Iraqi regular passenger rail services—the commuter lines between Baghdad and Falluja or Ramadi, the third being the Baghdad-Basra Service.
Map of the IRR Western Line.| IRR Western Line | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Legend | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baghdad to Akashat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Technical specifications
The Railway Line had a fully automatic relay system since 1986, near the end of construction of the eastern portion of the Line. The Line featured a network of sound cables that provided communication between stations and locomotives or to other stations. As of October 2018, the signalling and communication systems are out of service.
Along the line, five light maintenance workshops at Baghdad, Falluja, Ramadi, Haqlaniya and Akashat and two heavy maintenance factories at Qaim and Baghdad were built.
The track gauge is standard-gauge (1435 millimetres), the gauge used on all Iraqi Railways since the 1984 closure of the Baghdad-Erbil Railway. The rails have a UIC 60 profile with welded joints designed for high-speed and heavy freight services. The axle load is 25 tons. The sleepers are made of precast concrete, with nearly 4,000 glued insulated joints.
Due to significant damage sustained during conflicts, operators are required to exercise caution, which limits the operational speed to a maximum of 100 km/h, often even below that.
"The rails, stations, equipment, bridges and tunnels have sustained damage of more than 90 percent"
— Taleb Jawad Kazem, deputy director general of Iraq's railways
The construction process involved the stabilisation of compressive soils over a stretch of 50 kilometres (31 mi) to prevent track subsidence. Additionally, foundational reinforcement was necessary for both the railway and the adjacent highway bridges. The largest undertaking to facilitate construction was the act of relocating the Lake Habbaniya dam.
History
Construction of the 144 km Akashat-Qaim stretch began in the summer of 1981 and was completed by February 1982, with 5 stations along the route. Construction of the 376 km section from Huseyba to Baghdad, which included 23 stations and passed through more densely populated areas, began in November 1982 and was completed by 1987. The line's construction happened entirely within the timeframe of the Iraq-Iran war. Despite occasional delays due to the war, construction proceeded relatively smoothly, as the project site was located far from the frontlines. The construction of the Akashat Branch was officially stated to be intended for transporting phosphate by employees of the IRR. However, there are claims it was also used for the transportation of yellowcake from the Akashat uranium mine to a Swiss-built uranium enrichment facility in Qaim. It was believed that weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), including nuclear materials and mustard gas, might have been processed in Qaim using minerals from Akashat and surrounding areas during Saddam Hussein's pursuit of WMDs. However, no WMDs were found after the Iraq War.
From 2022 to 2024, trains heading to Qaim and Akashat were able to get there through the reconstructed detour over Baiji to Baghdad, which added over 100 km (62 mi) to the original journey (Baghdad-Falluja-Qaim=375km; Baghdad-Baiji-Qaim=500km).
Operations and recent developments
A daily commuter rail line currently spans the 65-kilometre distance from Baghdad to Falluja. Trains start the trip to the capital at 6:45 am and return at 3:00 pm. On average, 250 passengers take the journey from Baghdad to Falluja every day. Tickets for the Falluja Train are relatively cheap, even for Iraqi standards, with a one-way fare costing 2000 IQD or 1.5 USD.
With the addition of the daily 120 kilometres (75 mi) Ramadi train, two lines now operate on the railway. Trains leave Ramadi at 6 am and return from Baghdad at 3:30 pm. The Train to Ramadi costs 4000 dinar and the Train leaving Ramadi 5000 dinar. First-class options cost 2000 dinar extra. Each train can carry 350 passengers. On the way, trains stop in Falluja.
Even though new trains have been bought, the line still doesn't operate the 72 trains a day it did during its heyday.
The temporary detour via Baiji became unnecessary following the reconstruction of the Railway Bridge, which had interrupted service for 20 years, and forced trains to terminate at Falluja. After this hiatus, marked by political instability, terrorism and corruption, the reconstruction of the aforementioned bridge was completed. The reopening ceremony took place on October 8th, in conjunction with the 'Year of Achievements' project launched by the Iraqi Prime Minister. Passenger service to Ramadi began on October 11, 2024. Services continuing further on to Qaim are expected to resume by the end of 2024, according to information by the Transportation Ministry.
References
- ^ Alwan, SR ENGR Safa; Hanoon, SR ENGR Isra (October 2018). "Irak". Proceedings of the 12th Meeting of the COMCEC Transport and Communications Working Group. COMCEC: 34. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
- D., Lindsay (1986). "Baghdad-Hsaibah and AL-Qaim-Akashat railway - investigation into the performance of glued insulated and cemented rail joints (IM-CES-037)". IM-CES. 037. United Kingdom: British Rail Research. Retrieved 2024-11-29 – via SPARK library.
MENDES JUNIOR rate the civil engineering and track laying contractors for the construction and initial maintenance of the BAGHDAD-HSAIBAH and AL-QAIM-AKASHAT railway project in IRAQ. The majority of the line is 4 years old and has so far seen relatively little traffic.
- ^ "Re-opened Iraqi railway a sign of progress". 10 September 2018.
- ^ "Akashat - Iraq Special Weapons Report". Federation of American Scientists. 2000-10-09. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
- Grantham, Andrew (8 February 2014). "Railway Lines of Iraq". Railways of Iraq. Retrieved 2024-11-30.
al-Qaim – Askashat (carries phosphates to Al-Qaim) Summer 1981 (RGI Feb 1982/p638) Baghdad – Al fallujah – Habbaniya – Al Ramadi East – Hit – Haqlaniyah – Anah – Al-Qaim – Qusaybah (on the Syrian border at Abu Kamai) 516 km (376 in Cook's, 404 RGI p892 Nov 1982) c1987
- Farahat, Ahmed Muhammed (1985-01-29). "نفقات التشغيل على الخطوط الحديدية العراقية مع التطبيق على خط القائم -عكاشات" [Iraqi railways operating cost computations, as applied to the Al-Quaim-Akashat line]. Consultative Mission to the General Establishment for Transport and Operations, General Organization for Iraqi Railways (in Arabic). Baghdad: ECWA: 55 – via United Nations Digital Library.
The Establishment is currently concerned with operating cost computations for particular lines of the Iraqi network. Chief among these lines is the newly constructed line for transporting phospahte rocks from Akashat mines to the processing plant in Al-Quaim, some 150 km to the north.
- Lee, John (November 19, 2023). "8 Iraqi Rail Lines Re-Opened in Past Year". iraq-business news. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
The rehabilitated Baiji field line, opened on November 5, 2022
- "بعد ساعات من الآن.. أول قطار ينطلق من الرمادي إلى بغداد" [Hours from now.. the first train from Ramadi will depart to Baghdad]. +964 (in Arabic). 2024-10-10.
- Lee, John (2024-10-15). "Baghdad-Ramadi Railway Reopens after 20-Year Hiatus". Iraq Business News. Retrieved 2024-11-29.