Joseph Wilpert: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 00:31, 1 January 2025 editMaybeItsBecauseImALondoner (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users16,026 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 01:53, 1 January 2025 edit undoEvanBaldonado (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users12,360 editsm Replace hyphen with en-dash.
(13 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)
Line 1:		Line 1:
	], publication year of his best-known works.]]		], publication year of his best-known works.]]
			]
	'''Joseph Wilpert''' (22 August 1856 - 13 February 1944) was a German archaeologist, Roman Catholic priest, scholar of ] and member of the ].		'''Joseph Wilpert''' (22 August 1856 – 13 February 1944) was a German archaeologist, Roman Catholic priest, scholar of ] and member of the ].

			==Life==
	He was born in ] (now in Poland) and moved to Rome to specialise in the study of ]. There he met ], who convinced him to dedicate himself to study the iconography of the ]. He was passionate about drawing and produced more than 600 reproductions of the cemeteries' frescoes based on photographs. He died in Rome.
			He was born into a rural family in ] near ] (then in Upper Silesia in Prussia and now in Poland), the second of five children of Anastasius and Marianna. As a twelve-year-old he began studying at the ] in Leobschütz (]), ending his studies there in 1877 and the following year joined the ] to study philosophy, switching to theology after a ] starting in 1880. In 1878 he joined the ''AV Austria Innsbruck'' in the ].<ref>{{in lang\|de}} ''Gesamtverzeichnis des C.V.'' ''Die Ehrenmitglieder, Alten Herren und Studierenden des Cartellverbandes (C.V.) der kath. deutschen Studentenverbindungen.'' 1912, Straßburg i. Els. 1912, p. 194.</ref> He was ordained a priest on 2 July 1883.<ref>{{in lang\|de}} Zu Unstimmigkeiten bezüglich des Datums (26. Juli?) s. Sörries S. 20 Anm. 66.</ref>.

			On 10 October 1884 he became a chaplain at the ] in Rome and began training as an archaeologist. He learned under ], rector of the Campo Santo, and chaplain and 'convictor' ], becoming lifelong friends with both of them. Rome thus became his homeland, only leaving during the ] (when all Germans were expelled) or on research trips to view sarcophagi in France, Spain, Algeria and Tunisia. He was heavily influenced by ], the founder of Christian archaeology.
	== Works ==

⚫	===In ~~Germany~~===
			He was passionate about drawing and produced more than 600 reproductions of the cemeteries' frescoes based on photographs. In 1891 he left the Campo Santo to live in the home of ] Germano Straniero near the ], then from 1921 in the ], where he died as the result of a fall. He was buried at the ].

			==Achievements==
			{{Expand German\|Joseph Wilpert\|section\|date=January 2025}}
			<!---
			Schon zu Beginn seiner Arbeit in den Katakomben erkannte Wilpert die Unzulänglichkeit der bis dahin umlaufenden Abbildungen, die er als Ursache der von ihm als falsch angesehenen Deutungen ausmachte. So stellte er sich die Veröffentlichung zuverlässiger Abbildungen als eine seiner Lebensaufgaben. In der Folgezeit nahm er daher über Jahre hinweg alle Strapazen auf sich, um in den engen Gängen der Katakomben vor den Originalen Fotografien und zuverlässige Kopien der Malereien herzustellen. Nachdem er eine Reihe von Einzeluntersuchungen, Fallstudien und grundsätzlichen Überlegungen vorab veröffentlicht hatte, konnte er 1903 das Ergebnis in zwei Foliobänden mit Abbildungen in einer bis dahin unerreichten und auf lange Zeit nicht übertroffenen Qualität, gleichzeitig in einer deutschen und einer italienischen Ausgabe, vorlegen. Das vierbändige Corpus der kirchlichen Malereien und Mosaiken erschien nach ähnlich umfangreichen Vorarbeiten mitten im Ersten Weltkrieg 1916; das Corpus der Sarkophage, das diesmal auch die außerrömischen Denkmäler einschloss, in fünf Foliobänden 1929–1936.

			Wilpert hat sich stets um eine Deutung der Darstellungen bemüht, die sich streng an die erkennbaren Spuren hielt. Hierin hat er gegenüber seinen Vorgängern beachtliche Fortschritte erzielt. Doch blieb seine Interpretation frühchristlicher Kunstwerke als unmittelbare Verbildlichungen von kirchlichen Glaubensvorstellungen, die er wohl schon aus dem Unterricht an der Innsbrucker Universität mitgenommen hatte, davon unberührt. Dies und seine mit dem Gros der damaligen Christlichen Archäologen geteilte Tendenz, auch alltägliche Szenen einer biblischen Erzählung oder einem kirchlichen Brauch zuzuordnen, wurde schon zu seinen Lebzeiten von vielen Forschern abgelehnt. Seine viel zu frühe Datierung vor allem der Katakombenmalereien hatte ihn zu der Überzeugung gebracht, dass der Ursprung aller christlichen Kunst in Rom zu suchen sei. Diese Überzeugung führte ihn zu einer Abwertung der Kunsterzeugnisse der östlichen Reichshälfte, die, wie seine Datierungen auch, schon von manchen seiner Zeitgenossen korrigiert wurden.

			Die bleibende Leistung Wilperts ist die Schaffung der erschöpfenden Corpora der frühchristlichen Katakombenmalereien, kirchlichen Mosaiken und Malereien und Sarkophage mit zuverlässigen Abbildungen, die erst in jüngster Zeit nach und nach durch neuere Sammelwerke ersetzt werden.--->

			==Offices and honours==
			He never held an official office or position, but his earliest publications earned him the title of papal chamberlain in 1891 and an honorary doctorate of the ] in 1892. He was commissioned by ] to deliver ] his cardinal's biretta in 1893, the same year as ] granted him his first order, the ], 2nd class. In 1896 he was made a papal house prelate and in 1903 an ] ''de numero'' (as a member of the commission of seven papal notaries), an office with a small salary, and finally as dean of the apostolic protonotaries. In 1926 the new ] under his friend Kirsch made Wilpert an honorary professor - he taught there until 1936.

			== Selected works ==
		⚫	===In German===
	* ''Topographische Studien über die christlichen Monumente der Appia und der Ardeatina'' (1901).		* ''Topographische Studien über die christlichen Monumente der Appia und der Ardeatina'' (1901).
	* ''Zur Entdeckung der «Crypta Damasi»'' (1903).		* ''Zur Entdeckung der «Crypta Damasi»'' (1903).
	* ''Beiträge zur christlichen Archäologie'' (1908).		* ''Beiträge zur christlichen Archäologie'' (1908).
	* ''Die römischen Mosaiken und Malereien der kirchlichen Bauten vom IV. bis XIII. Jahrhundert'' (1916).		* ''Die römischen Mosaiken und Malereien der kirchlichen Bauten vom IV. bis XIII. Jahrhundert'' (1916).
	* ''Erlebnisse und Ergebnisse im Dienste der christlichen Archäologie'' (1930).		* ''Erlebnisse und Ergebnisse im Dienste der christlichen Archäologie'' (1930).

	===In Italian===		===In Italian===
Line 18:		Line 36:
	* ''I sarcofagi cristiani antichi'' (1929).		* ''I sarcofagi cristiani antichi'' (1929).
	* ''La fede nella Chiesa nascente, secondo i monumenti dell'arte funeraria antica'' (1938).		* ''La fede nella Chiesa nascente, secondo i monumenti dell'arte funeraria antica'' (1938).

			==Bibliography==
			* {{in lang\|de}} ] (ed.): ''Giuseppe Wilpert archeologo cristiano'' (= ''Sussidi allo studio delle antichità cristiane.'' Bd. 22). Atti del Convegno (Roma, 16–19 May 2007). Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, Città del Vaticano 2009, ISBN 978-88-85991-50-7 - includes a complete list of Wilpert's works
			* {{in lang\|de}} Stefan Heid: Art. ''Joseph Wilpert''. In: Stefan Heid, Martin Dennert (Hrsg.):'' ]'', Bd. 1. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2620-0, S. 1323–1325.
			* {{BBKL\|\|autor=]\|artikel=Wilpert, Joseph. W.\|band=13\|spalten=1345-1346}}
			* {{in lang\|de}} ]: ''Kirchenhistoriker aus Schlesien in der Ferne''. In: Ders.: ''Kirche des Glaubens – Kirche der Geschichte''. Ausgewählte Aufsätze und Vorträge, Bd. I. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1966, S. 75–89.
			* {{in lang\|de}} Reiner Sörries: ''Josef Wilpert. (1857–1944). Ein Leben im Dienste der christlichen Archäologie''. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1998, ISBN 3-87057-202-7.

			==References==
			<references/>

	== External links==		== External links==
Line 25:		Line 53:
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
			]
			]
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]
			]

Latest revision as of 01:53, 1 January 2025

Joseph Wilpert (22 August 1856 – 13 February 1944) was a German archaeologist, Roman Catholic priest, scholar of iconography and member of the German Archaeological Institute.

Life

He was born into a rural family in Eiglau near Bauerwitz (then in Upper Silesia in Prussia and now in Poland), the second of five children of Anastasius and Marianna. As a twelve-year-old he began studying at the gymnasium in Leobschütz (Głubczyce), ending his studies there in 1877 and the following year joined the University of Innsbruck to study philosophy, switching to theology after a a year's military service starting in 1880. In 1878 he joined the AV Austria Innsbruck in the Cartellverband. He was ordained a priest on 2 July 1883..

On 10 October 1884 he became a chaplain at the Campo Santo Teutonico in Rome and began training as an archaeologist. He learned under Anton de Waal, rector of the Campo Santo, and chaplain and 'convictor' Johann Peter Kirsch, becoming lifelong friends with both of them. Rome thus became his homeland, only leaving during the First World War (when all Germans were expelled) or on research trips to view sarcophagi in France, Spain, Algeria and Tunisia. He was heavily influenced by Giovanni Battista de Rossi, the founder of Christian archaeology.

He was passionate about drawing and produced more than 600 reproductions of the cemeteries' frescoes based on photographs. In 1891 he left the Campo Santo to live in the home of Monsignore Germano Straniero near the Lateran, then from 1921 in the Teutonic Institute, where he died as the result of a fall. He was buried at the Teutonic Cemetery.

Achievements

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (January 2025) Click for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the German article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 2,159 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Misplaced Pages article at ]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Joseph Wilpert}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation.

Offices and honours

He never held an official office or position, but his earliest publications earned him the title of papal chamberlain in 1891 and an honorary doctorate of the Royal Academy of Munster in 1892. He was commissioned by Franz Joseph I to deliver Kolos Ferenc Vaszary his cardinal's biretta in 1893, the same year as William II granted him his first order, the Royal Order of the Crown, 2nd class. In 1896 he was made a papal house prelate and in 1903 an apostolic protonotary de numero (as a member of the commission of seven papal notaries), an office with a small salary, and finally as dean of the apostolic protonotaries. In 1926 the new Pontifical Institute for Christian Archaeology under his friend Kirsch made Wilpert an honorary professor - he taught there until 1936.

Selected works

In German

Topographische Studien über die christlichen Monumente der Appia und der Ardeatina (1901).
Zur Entdeckung der «Crypta Damasi» (1903).
Beiträge zur christlichen Archäologie (1908).
Die römischen Mosaiken und Malereien der kirchlichen Bauten vom IV. bis XIII. Jahrhundert (1916).
Erlebnisse und Ergebnisse im Dienste der christlichen Archäologie (1930).

In Italian

Le pitture delle catacombe romane (1903), 2 vv.
La scoperta delle basiliche cimiteriali dei SS. Marco, Marcelliano e Damaso (1903).
La cripta dei Papi e la cappella di S. Cecilia nel cimitero di S. Callisto (1910).
I sarcofagi cristiani antichi (1929).
La fede nella Chiesa nascente, secondo i monumenti dell'arte funeraria antica (1938).

Bibliography

(in German) Stefan Heid (ed.): Giuseppe Wilpert archeologo cristiano (= Sussidi allo studio delle antichità cristiane. Bd. 22). Atti del Convegno (Roma, 16–19 May 2007). Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana, Città del Vaticano 2009, ISBN 978-88-85991-50-7 - includes a complete list of Wilpert's works
(in German) Stefan Heid: Art. Joseph Wilpert. In: Stefan Heid, Martin Dennert (Hrsg.): Personenlexikon zur Christlichen Archäologie. Forscher und Persönlichkeiten vom 16. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert, Bd. 1. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-7954-2620-0, S. 1323–1325.
Nicolaus Heutger (1998). "Wilpert, Joseph. W.". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 13. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 1345–1346. ISBN 3-88309-072-7.
(in German) Hubert Jedin: Kirchenhistoriker aus Schlesien in der Ferne. In: Ders.: Kirche des Glaubens – Kirche der Geschichte. Ausgewählte Aufsätze und Vorträge, Bd. I. Verlag Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1966, S. 75–89.
(in German) Reiner Sörries: Josef Wilpert. (1857–1944). Ein Leben im Dienste der christlichen Archäologie. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1998, ISBN 3-87057-202-7.

References

(in German) Gesamtverzeichnis des C.V. Die Ehrenmitglieder, Alten Herren und Studierenden des Cartellverbandes (C.V.) der kath. deutschen Studentenverbindungen. 1912, Straßburg i. Els. 1912, p. 194.
(in German) Zu Unstimmigkeiten bezüglich des Datums (26. Juli?) s. Sörries S. 20 Anm. 66.

External links

(in German) "Biography and Bibliography".

Categories: