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{{Short description|15th Sultan of Sindh}}
{{Infobox monarch {{Infobox royalty
| name =Jam Nizamuddin II <br><small>جام نظام الدين ثاني</small> | name = Jam Nizamuddin II <br/><small>{{lang|sd|ڄام نظام الدين ثاني}}</small>
| title =]
| title =
| image=
| image = Tomb of Sultan Jam Nizamuddin.jpg
| caption =Tomb of Jam Nizamuddin II (built 1509) at Makli Hills (UNESCO world's heritage site)
| caption = Jam Nizamuddin II's tomb at ]
| reign =1461-1509 C.E
| succession = 15th ]
| full name =Jam Nizamuddin bin Sadr udin nick name Jam Nianda
| reign = 1461–1508
| predecessor =Jam Sanjar( Sadr al-Din)
| full name = Jam Nizamuddin (Nindo) bin Sadruddin
| successor =]udin bin Jam Nizamudin
| dynasty =] | predecessor = ]
| father =Jam Sadr udin bin Jam unar (babina) | successor = ]
| dynasty = ]
| birth_date =25th of Rabi' al-awwal, 844 (A. D. 1439)
| father = Jam Sadrudin bin Jam Unar (Banbhina)
⚫ | birth_place =], ]
| birth_date = 8 August 1440 <!-- {{birth date|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes}} -->
| death_date =1509 C.E (aged 60-70)
| death_place =], ] | birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = 1509 (aged 68–69) <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|yyyy|mm|dd|df=yes}} -->
⚫ | place of burial =], ]
⚫ | death_place = ], ]
⚫ |}}
⚫ | burial_place = ], ]
| religion = ]
⚫ }}
]


'''Jám Nizámuddín II''' ({{langx|sd|ڄام نظام الدين ثاني}}; 1439–1509), also known as '''Jam Nizam al-Din''' or '''Jám Nindó''' ({{langx|sd|ڄام نندو|links=no}}), was the 15th ] from ] between 1461 and 1508&nbsp;CE. His capital was ] in modern-day southern ]. After his death, his son ]udin lost the Sultanate in 1525&nbsp;CE to an invading army of Shah Beg Arghun,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-04-11 |title=Grave Tales |url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/11/stories/2004041100590800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040907145359/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/11/stories/2004041100590800.htm |archive-date=2004-09-07 |work=] |accessdate=2009-03-12}}</ref> who had been thrown out of Kandahar by ].
'''Jám Nizámuddín II ({{lang-sd|'''ڄام نظام الدين عرف ڄام نندو '''}}),(]) جام نظام الدين ثاني ''') was the most famous Ruler of the ], which ruled in ] and parts of ] and ] from 1351-1551 C.E. He was known by the nickname of Jám Nindó. His capital was at ] in modern ].


==Tomb==
The Samma Dynasty reached the height of its power during the reign of Jam Nizamuddin II, who is still recalled as a hero, and his rule as a golden age.
Nizamuddin's grave is located on ] and part of the world heritage site of Historical Monuments at Makli.<ref> UNESCO Retrieved 14 June 2014</ref> The tomb is an impressive stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to the 15th-century Gujrat style.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dawn: The necropolis of Sindh by Omar Mukhtar Khan |url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/011111/dmag10.htm |url-status=dead |accessdate=2009-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006011315/http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/011111/dmag10.htm |archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> It has been restored but suffers from cracks and wall distortions caused by rough weathering and erosion of the slope on which it stands.<ref>''The Tomb of Jam Nizam al-Din, documentation and condition survey''. Heritage Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan. 2011.</ref>


Cousens wrote in ''The Antiquities of Sind'':<ref>Henry Cousens, The Antiquities of Sind, Archaeological Survey of India 46, Imperial Series (Calcutta, 1929, rptd. Karachi, 1975).</ref>
His grave is located at ] near Thatta. The tomb is a stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to 15th century Gujrat style.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/weekly/dmag/archive/011111/dmag10.htm |title=Dawn: The necropolis of Sindh by Omar Mukhtar Khan|accessdate=2009 03 12}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> After his death, his dilettante son ]udin lost the Sultanate in 1525 C.E. to the invading army of Shah Beg Arghun,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2004/04/11/stories/2004041100590800.htm |publisher=The Hindu|date=2004-04-11|title=Grave Tales|accessdate=2009-03-12}}</ref> who had been thrown out of Kandahar by ].


⚫ {{blockquote|His tomb is in the necropolis on Makli Hill. It is square in the plan but the dome was never constructed, work stopped when the walls reached the ]. On the exterior of the building there are twelve bands of decoration running around the building from top to bottom comprising diamonds, lotuses, Quranic inscriptions, and geometric patterns. There are two unusual features: the mihrab in the interior and the corresponding balcony on the exterior. This type of balcony recalls those in Gujarat therefore it is possible that craftsmen from Gujarat were responsible for this tomb. This is a close view of a section of the wall, showing the richly carved balcony and the bands of decorative carving along the wall.}}
==History==
Jám Nizámuddín Shah was elected to the throne of the Kingdom by the joint counsels of all the wise and pious men of Thatta, as well as of the military people on the 25th of ], 866 (A. D. ]), after the death of ].


⚫ ==See also==
Shortly after his accession, he went with a large force to ], where he spent about a year, during which time he extirpated the freebooters and robbers who annoyed the people in that part of the country. He filled the fort of Bukkur with provisions and then left the place in charge of his house-born slave Dilshád, returning to the capital.
⚫ * ]


⚫ ==References==
For a period of forty-eight years he reigned at ] with absolute power. In his kingdom, men of piety and learning, and the ]s, spent their time in happiness, and the ] and Ryuts were in comfortable circumstances. Travellers could pass throughout Sindh with no harm to their person or property. The people followed strict ] rules. The congregations of both great and small assembled in the ]: no one was willing to say his prayers alone. The rise of Thatta as an important commercial and cultural center was directly related to his patronage and policies. Its civilization contributed significantly to the evolution of the prevailing architectural style that can be classified as Sindhi-Islamic.
⚫ {{Reflist}}
]
⚫ *{{source attribution|''History of Sind – translated from Persian books'' by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in ] in 1902}}
In the last part of Jám Nindó’s reign, after 1490 CE, a ] army under ] came from ] and fell upon many villages of Chundooha and Sideejuh, invading the town of Ágrí, Ohándukah, ] Sindichah and Kót Máchián. Jám Nindó sent a large army under his Vazier ],<ref></ref> which, arriving at the village known by the name of Duruh-i-Kureeb, also known as Joolow Geer or Halúkhar near ], defeated the ]s in a pitched battle. Sháh Beg Arghun’s brother Abú Muhammad Mirzá was killed in the battle, and the Mughuls fled back to Kandahár, never to return during the reign of Jám Nizámuddín. Some time after this, Jám Nizámuddín died after a splendid reign of 48 years.


==Character== ==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
It is said that at the commencement of his manhood he sought after knowledge, spending much of his time in the college and cloister. His disposition was modest and happy. He was celebrated for his good, affectionate temper. He was a very obliging man and an industrious person. He was very regular in his prayers and was very religious and practiced great abstinence. In his days mosques were always full at the time of prayers.
⚫ *

He visited his stables regularly every week and passed his hand over the forehead of his horses and said "O lucky beings, I do not wish to ride you in order to fight with others, unless to go against ]s. On all the four sides of us we have Mussalman rulers. May God never give us any cause other than in accordance with the religious law, to go elsewhere, or others to come here, lest innocent blood of Mussalmans be shed and I be ashamed in the august presence of God."

Jám Nizámuddín and Sultan Hoosain Lungah of ] were contemporary friends. They were always sending presents to each other.

Jám Nizámuddín was fond of the company of learned men, with whom he took pleasure in discussing literary subjects. There is a story that a learned man of ], Jaláluddín Muhammad Roomi had come from ] to Sindh and had sent his two worthy pupils Mír Shamsuddín and Mír Muín to Thattá to arrange for his sojourn there. Jám Nizámuddín, learning the intention of the Persian savant, ordered good houses to be fitted up for his reception and sent his two pupils with a large sum of money for expenses of the journey, ordering them to bring the learned man. But before their arrival their master had died. Mír Shamsuddín and Mír Muín therefore came back to Thattá and took up their abode at the place.

==Tomb of Jám Nizamuddin==
Tomb.jpg|thumb|Left|200px|the interior of Jam Nizam-Ud-Din's Tomb at Thatta ].]] -->
Cousens wrote in ''The Antiquities of Sind'':

⚫ {{cquote|His tomb is in the necropolis on Makli Hill. It is square in plan but the dome was never constructed, work stopped when the walls reached the springing line. On the exterior of the building there are twelve bands of decoration running around the building from top to bottom comprising diamonds, lotuses, Quranic inscriptions and geometric patterns. There are two unusual features: the mihrab in the interior and the corresponding balcony on the exterior. This type of balcony recalls those in Gujarat therefore it is possible that craftsmen from Gujarat were responsible for this tomb. This is a close view of a section of the wall, showing the richly carved balcony and the bands of decorative carving along the wall.{{Page needed|date=March 2010}}}}

==Lagecy==
The ] had earlier described ] as ``a great citie as large as ]. It now had more than 50,000 houses, of which many were made of stone and mortar with vast verandahs, sometimes three or four storeys high. The textiles of Sindh were ``the flower of the whole produce of the East. The international commerce of Thatta ``gave Sindh a place among the nations. The city had 400 schools and 4000 boats. The ] sipped the cups that cheered and sweetly inebriated.

⚫ ==See also==
⚫ * ]
* ]


{{S-start}} {{S-start}}
{{S-hou|]|1439||1509}} {{S-hou|]||1439||1509}}
{{S-reg|}} {{S-reg}}
{{S-bef|before=]}} {{S-bef|before=]}}
{{S-ttl|title=]|years=1527-1558}} {{S-ttl|title=]|years=1461-1508}}
{{S-aft|after=]}} {{S-aft|after=]}}
{{end}} {{s-end}}

⚫ ==References==
⚫ {{Reflist}}
⚫ This article includes content derived from "''History of Sind - translated from Persian books''" by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in ] in 1902 and now in the ].
⚫ *


{{authority control}}
==External references==
* Islamic culture‎ - Page 429, by Islamic Culture Board
* A History of India Under the Two First Sovereigns of the House of Taimur, by William Erskine
* The History and culture of the Indian people‎ - Page 224, by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bhāratīya Itihāsa Samiti
* The Ṭabaqāt-i-Akbarī of K̲h̲wājah Nizāmuddīn Ahmad: a history of India, by Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Muqīm, Brajendranath De, Baini Prashad
* Bibliotheca Indica‎ - Page 778, by Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Asiatic Society (Calcutta, India)
* Searchlights on Baloches and Balochistan‎, by Mir Khuda Bakhsh Marri
* The Delhi Sultanate‎, by Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Asoke Kumar Majumdar, A. D. Pusalker
* Babar‎, by Radhey Shyam
* Indo-Arab relations: an English rendering of Arab oʾ Hind ke taʾllugat‎, by Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Sayyid Sulaimān Nadvī, M. Salahuddin
* The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period, by Henry Miers Elliot, John Dowson
* Muslim Kingship in India‎, by Nagendra Kumar Singh
* The Indus Delta country: a memoir, chiefly on its ancient geography and history‎, by Malcolm Robert Haig
* The Samma kingdom of Sindh: historical studies, by G̲h̲ulāmu Muḥammadu Lākho, University of Sind. Institute of Sindology
* Imperial Gazetteer of India, by William Wilson Hunter, James Sutherland Cotton, Richard Burn, William Stevenson Meyer, Great Britain. India Office, John George Bartholomew


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Latest revision as of 12:51, 1 January 2025

15th Sultan of Sindh
Jam Nizamuddin II
ڄام نظام الدين ثاني
Jam Nizamuddin II's tomb at Makli Necropolis
15th Sultan of Sindh
Reign1461–1508
PredecessorJam Sanjar
SuccessorJam Feruz
Born8 August 1440
Thatta, Sindh
Died1509 (aged 68–69)
Thatta, Sindh
BurialMakli Hill, Pakistan
Names
Jam Nizamuddin (Nindo) bin Sadruddin
DynastySamma dynasty
FatherJam Sadrudin bin Jam Unar (Banbhina)
ReligionSunni Islam
Tomb of Jam Nizamuddin, Makli necropolis

Jám Nizámuddín II (Sindhi: ڄام نظام الدين ثاني; 1439–1509), also known as Jam Nizam al-Din or Jám Nindó (Sindhi: ڄام نندو), was the 15th Sultan of Sindh from Samma dynasty between 1461 and 1508 CE. His capital was Thatta in modern-day southern Pakistan. After his death, his son Jám Ferózudin lost the Sultanate in 1525 CE to an invading army of Shah Beg Arghun, who had been thrown out of Kandahar by Babur.

Tomb

Nizamuddin's grave is located on Makli Hill and part of the world heritage site of Historical Monuments at Makli. The tomb is an impressive stone structure with fine ornamental carving similar to the 15th-century Gujrat style. It has been restored but suffers from cracks and wall distortions caused by rough weathering and erosion of the slope on which it stands.

Cousens wrote in The Antiquities of Sind:

His tomb is in the necropolis on Makli Hill. It is square in the plan but the dome was never constructed, work stopped when the walls reached the springing line. On the exterior of the building there are twelve bands of decoration running around the building from top to bottom comprising diamonds, lotuses, Quranic inscriptions, and geometric patterns. There are two unusual features: the mihrab in the interior and the corresponding balcony on the exterior. This type of balcony recalls those in Gujarat therefore it is possible that craftsmen from Gujarat were responsible for this tomb. This is a close view of a section of the wall, showing the richly carved balcony and the bands of decorative carving along the wall.

See also

References

  1. Ephrat, Daphna; Wolper, Ethel Sara; Pinto, Paulo G. (7 December 2020). Saintly Spheres and Islamic Landscapes: Emplacements of Spiritual Power across Time and Place. BRILL. p. 276. ISBN 978-90-04-44427-0.
  2. "Grave Tales". The Hindu. 2004-04-11. Archived from the original on 2004-09-07. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  3. Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta UNESCO Retrieved 14 June 2014
  4. "Dawn: The necropolis of Sindh by Omar Mukhtar Khan". Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  5. The Tomb of Jam Nizam al-Din, documentation and condition survey. Heritage Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan. 2011.
  6. Henry Cousens, The Antiquities of Sind, Archaeological Survey of India 46, Imperial Series (Calcutta, 1929, rptd. Karachi, 1975).
  • Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: History of Sind – translated from Persian books by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg (1853–1929), published in Karachi in 1902

External links

Jam Nizamuddin II Samma dynastyBorn: 1439 Died: 1509
Regnal titles
Preceded byJam Sanjar Sultan of Sindh
1461-1508 		Succeeded byJam Feroz
Categories: