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| logo_size = 250px | logo_size = 250px
| type = ] | type = ]
| traded_as = {{ubl|class=nowrap|{{NASDAQ|MSTR}} (Class A)|] component}} | traded_as = {{ubl|class=nowrap|{{NASDAQ|MSTR}} (Class A)|] component}}
| industry = ] and mobile software | industry = ] and mobile software
| founded = {{Start date and age|1989}} | founded = {{Start date and age|1989}}
| hq_location = ], U.S. | hq_location = ], U.S.
| founders = ]<br />]<br />Thomas Spahr | founders = {{ubl|]| ]| Thomas Spahr}}
| key_people = Michael J. Saylor (])<br />Phong Le (] & ]) | key_people = {{ubl|Michael J. Saylor (])| Phong Le (] & ])}}
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|499.3 million|link=yes}} (2022) | revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|496 million|link=yes}} (2023)
| net_income = {{decrease}} US$−1.47 billion (2022) | net_income = {{increase}} US$429 million (2023)
| assets = {{increase}} US$3.557 billion (2021) | assets = {{increase}} US$4.76 billion (2023)
| equity = {{increase}} US$978.958 million (2021) | equity = {{increase}} US$2.16 billion (2023)
| num_employees = 2,121 (2021) | num_employees = 1,934 (2023)
| website = {{URL|https://microstrategy.com}} | website = {{URL|https://microstrategy.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="2021-10-K">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-16 |title=Microstrategy Form 10-K |url=https://www.microstrategy.com/content/dam/website-assets/collateral/financial-documents/financial-document-archive/Form-10-K_02-16-2022.pdf |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=MicroStrategy}}</ref> | footnotes = <ref name="2023-10-K">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-15 |title=Microstrategy Form 10-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000095017024015847/mstr-20231231.htm |access-date=2024-07-25 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>
}} }}


'''MicroStrategy Incorporated''' is an American company that provides ] (BI), mobile ], and ]. Founded in 1989 by ], ], and Thomas Spahr, the firm develops software to analyze internal and external data in order to make business decisions and to develop mobile apps. It is a ] headquartered in ], in the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perez |first=Juan Carlos |date=January 21, 2008 |title=Customers Trust MicroStrategy's Independence |work=] |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/141566/article.html}}</ref> Its primary business analytics competitors include ] ], ] ], and ]'s BI Platform.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kanaracus |first=Chris |date=April 19, 2011 |title=Microstrategy Takes Aim at Self-service BI |work=] |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/225619/article.html}}</ref><ref name="Howson13">{{Cite news |last=Howson |first=Cindi |date=February 14, 2013 |title=MicroStrategy Doubles Down On Mobile, Data Visualization |work=] |url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/business-intelligence/microstrategy-doubles-down-on-mobile-dat/240148518}}</ref> Saylor is the Executive Chairman and, from 1989 to 2022, was the CEO.<ref name="Jaffe00">{{Cite news |last=Jaffe |first=Harry |date=March 1, 2000 |title=The Seven Billion Dollar Man |work=] |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2000/03/01/the-seven-billion-dollar-man/}}</ref><ref name="2019-10-K">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-13 |title=Microstrategy form 10-K |url=https://ir.microstrategy.com/node/20946/html |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=Microstrategy Investor Relations}}</ref><ref name="cnbc-2022-08-02">{{cite news |last1=Sigalos |first1=MacKenzie |title=MicroStrategy CEO Saylor moves to chairman role, focusing on strategy and bitcoin |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/02/microstrategy-ceo-saylor-moves-to-chairman-role-focusing-on-strategy-and-bitcoin.html |access-date=August 9, 2022 |work=CNBC |date=August 2, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> It is widely considered to be a ] proxy due to its massive holdings of the cryptocurrency. '''MicroStrategy Incorporated''' is an American development company that provides ] (BI), mobile ], and ]. Founded in 1989 by ], ], and Thomas Spahr, the firm develops software to analyze internal and external data in order to make business decisions and to develop mobile apps. It is a ] headquartered in ], in the ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perez |first=Juan Carlos |date=January 21, 2008 |title=Customers Trust MicroStrategy's Independence |work=] |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/141566/article.html}}</ref> Its primary business analytics competitors include ] ], ] ], and ]'s BI Platform.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kanaracus |first=Chris |date=April 19, 2011 |title=Microstrategy Takes Aim at Self-service BI |work=] |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/225619/article.html}}</ref><ref name="Howson13">{{Cite news |last=Howson |first=Cindi |date=February 14, 2013 |title=MicroStrategy Doubles Down On Mobile, Data Visualization |work=] |url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/business-intelligence/microstrategy-doubles-down-on-mobile-dat/240148518}}</ref> Saylor is the Executive Chairman and, from 1989 to 2022, was the CEO.<ref name="Jaffe00">{{Cite news |last=Jaffe |first=Harry |date=March 1, 2000 |title=The Seven Billion Dollar Man |work=] |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2000/03/01/the-seven-billion-dollar-man/}}</ref><ref name="2019-10-K">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-13 |title=Microstrategy form 10-K |url=https://ir.microstrategy.com/node/20946/html |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=Microstrategy Investor Relations}}</ref><ref name="cnbc-2022-08-02">{{cite news |last1=Sigalos |first1=MacKenzie |title=MicroStrategy CEO Saylor moves to chairman role, focusing on strategy and bitcoin |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/02/microstrategy-ceo-saylor-moves-to-chairman-role-focusing-on-strategy-and-bitcoin.html |access-date=August 9, 2022 |work=CNBC |date=August 2, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
Since 2020, the company's securities are widely considered to be a ] proxy due to MicroStrategy's holdings of the ].


==History== ==History==
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In 2000, the company founded ] as part of its ] unit.<ref name="Takahashi09">{{Cite news |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=February 17, 2009 |title=Alarm.com buys out its owners for $27.7 million |work=] |url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/17/alarmcom-buys-out-its-owners-for-277-million/}}</ref> In 2000, the company founded ] as part of its ] unit.<ref name="Takahashi09">{{Cite news |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=February 17, 2009 |title=Alarm.com buys out its owners for $27.7 million |work=] |url=https://venturebeat.com/2009/02/17/alarmcom-buys-out-its-owners-for-277-million/}}</ref>


On March 20, 2000, after a review of its accounting practices, the company announced that it would restate its financial results for the preceding two years.<ref name="Hilzenrath00a">{{Cite news |last=Hilzenrath |first=David S. |date=March 22, 2000 |title=For MicroStrategy, A Matter of Timing |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2000/03/22/for-microstrategy-a-matter-of-timing/aa8a33c7-d0d1-4824-8436-bd59a3a03a45/}}</ref> Its stock price, which had risen from $7 per share to as high as $333 per share in a year, fell $120 per share, or 62%, in a day in what is regarded as the bursting of the ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 20, 2000 |title=MicroStrategy plummets |publisher=] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/03/20/companies/microstrategy/}}</ref> On March 20, 2000, after a review of its accounting practices, the company announced that it would restate its financial results for the preceding two years.<ref name="Hilzenrath00a">{{Cite news |last=Hilzenrath |first=David S. |date=March 22, 2000 |title=For MicroStrategy, A Matter of Timing |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2000/03/22/for-microstrategy-a-matter-of-timing/aa8a33c7-d0d1-4824-8436-bd59a3a03a45/}}</ref> Its stock price, which had risen from $7 per share to as high as $333 per share in a year, fell to $120 per share, or 62%, in a day in what is regarded as the bursting of the ].<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 20, 2000 |title=MicroStrategy plummets |publisher=] |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/03/20/companies/microstrategy/}}</ref>


In December 2000, the ] brought charges against the company and its executives.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=SEC Brings Civil Charges Against MicroStrategy, Three Executive Officers for Accounting Violations |date=December 14, 2000 |publisher=] |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/headlines/microstr.htm}}</ref> A lawsuit was subsequently filed against MicroStrategy and certain of its officials over fraud.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 15, 2000 |title=MicroStrategy Chairman Accused of Fraud by S.E.C. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/15/business/microstrategy-chairman-accused-of-fraud-by-sec.html|last1=Norris |first1=Floyd}}</ref> In December 2000, Saylor, Bansal, and the company's former CFO settled with the SEC without admitting wrongdoing, each paying $350,000 in fines. The officers also paid a combined total of $10 million in ]. The company settled with the SEC, hiring an independent director to ensure regulatory compliance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lau |first=Debra |date=December 18, 2000 |title=Forbes Faces: Michael Saylor |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2000/12/18/1218faces.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hilzenrath |first=David S. |date=December 15, 2000 |title=Saylor, Associates Settle Fraud Charges |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2000/12/15/saylor-associates-settle-fraud-charges/a69bcb25-99d4-4018-9f9f-0eb0e22f37b3/}}</ref> In December 2000, the ] brought charges against the company and its executives.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=SEC Brings Civil Charges Against MicroStrategy, Three Executive Officers for Accounting Violations |date=December 14, 2000 |publisher=] |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/headlines/microstr.htm}}</ref> A lawsuit was subsequently filed against MicroStrategy and certain of its officials over fraud.<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 15, 2000 |title=MicroStrategy Chairman Accused of Fraud by S.E.C. |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/15/business/microstrategy-chairman-accused-of-fraud-by-sec.html|last1=Norris |first1=Floyd}}</ref> In December 2000, Saylor, Bansal, and the company's former ] settled with the SEC without admitting wrongdoing, each paying $350,000 in fines. The officers also paid a combined total of $10 million in ]. The company settled with the SEC, hiring an independent director to ensure regulatory compliance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lau |first=Debra |date=December 18, 2000 |title=Forbes Faces: Michael Saylor |work=] |url=https://www.forbes.com/2000/12/18/1218faces.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Hilzenrath |first=David S. |date=December 15, 2000 |title=Saylor, Associates Settle Fraud Charges |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2000/12/15/saylor-associates-settle-fraud-charges/a69bcb25-99d4-4018-9f9f-0eb0e22f37b3/}}</ref>


In February 2009, MicroStrategy sold Alarm.com to ] firm ] for $27.7 million.<ref name=Takahashi09/> The company introduced ] Services with a shared data set cache to accelerate reports and ad hoc queries.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.informationweek.com/big-data/software-platforms/microstrategy-launches-in-memory-analysis-engine/d/d-id/1113842| title=MicroStrategy Launches In-Memory Analysis Engine | work=Information Week | date=February 14, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, the company began developing and deploying business intelligence software for mobile platforms, such as the ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kayle |first=Alex |date=July 7, 2010 |title=iPad spells end for traditional BI |work=] |url=http://v2.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34639%3Aipad-spells-end-for-traditional-bi&catid=69&Itemid=58}}</ref> In February 2009, MicroStrategy sold Alarm.com to ] firm ] for $27.7 million.<ref name=Takahashi09/> The company introduced ] Services with a shared data set cache to accelerate reports and ad hoc queries.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.informationweek.com/big-data/software-platforms/microstrategy-launches-in-memory-analysis-engine/d/d-id/1113842| title=MicroStrategy Launches In-Memory Analysis Engine | work=Information Week | date=February 14, 2014}}</ref> In 2010, the company began developing and deploying business intelligence software for mobile platforms, such as the ] and ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kayle |first=Alex |date=July 7, 2010 |title=iPad spells end for traditional BI |work=] |url=http://v2.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34639%3Aipad-spells-end-for-traditional-bi&catid=69&Itemid=58}}</ref>
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In June 2015, MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy 10.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Noyes |first=Katherine |date=June 4, 2015 |title=MicroStrategy 10 promises enhanced BI with more governance, security |work=] |url=http://www.cio.com/article/2931913/microstrategy-10-promises-enhanced-bi-with-more-governance-security.html}}</ref> In June 2015, MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy 10.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Noyes |first=Katherine |date=June 4, 2015 |title=MicroStrategy 10 promises enhanced BI with more governance, security |work=] |url=http://www.cio.com/article/2931913/microstrategy-10-promises-enhanced-bi-with-more-governance-security.html}}</ref>


In the fall of 2018, the company released MicroStrategy 11.<ref name="Holak">{{Cite news |last=Holak |first=Brian |date=January 8, 2019 |title=MicroStrategy 2019 platform touts 'zero-click' analytics |work=Tech Target |url=https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/news/252455491/MicroStrategy-2019-platform-touts-zero-click-analytics |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref> In the fall of 2018, the company released MicroStrategy 11.<ref name="Holak">{{Cite news |last=Holak |first=Brian |date=January 8, 2019 |title=MicroStrategy 2019 platform touts 'zero-click' analytics |work=] |url=https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/news/252455491/MicroStrategy-2019-platform-touts-zero-click-analytics |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>


In January 2019, MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy 2019.<ref name="Marshall">{{Cite news |last=Marshall |first=Mo |date=January 7, 2019 |title=MicroStrategy 2019 promises voice queries, hyper-targeted intelligence |work=] |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/07/microstrategy-2019-promises-voice-queries-hyper-targeted-intelligence/ |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref> In January 2019, MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy 2019.<ref name="Marshall">{{Cite news |last=Marshall |first=Mo |date=January 7, 2019 |title=MicroStrategy 2019 promises voice queries, hyper-targeted intelligence |work=] |url=https://venturebeat.com/2019/01/07/microstrategy-2019-promises-voice-queries-hyper-targeted-intelligence/ |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>


In February 2020, the company announced its latest release, MicroStrategy 2020, including a new design for its HyperIntelligence analytics tool.<ref name="search1">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-05 |title=HyperIntelligence upgrades highlight MicroStrategy 2020 |url=https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/news/252477892/HyperIntelligence-upgrades-highlight-MicroStrategy-2020 |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=Search Business Analytics}}</ref> In February 2020, the company announced MicroStrategy 2020.<ref name="search1">{{Cite web |date=2020-02-05 |title=HyperIntelligence upgrades highlight MicroStrategy 2020 |url=https://searchbusinessanalytics.techtarget.com/news/252477892/HyperIntelligence-upgrades-highlight-MicroStrategy-2020 |access-date=2020-03-26 |website=TechTarget}}</ref>


Saylor resigned as CEO effective August 8, 2022. Phong Le, who had been president, succeeded him. Saylor remains the Executive Chairman of MicroStrategy. In a press release announcing the transition, Saylor said that he would focus on the company's bitcoin acquisition strategy and that Phong would manage overall corporate operations.<ref name="cnbc-2022-08-02" /> Saylor resigned as CEO effective August 8, 2022. Phong Le, who had been president, succeeded him. Saylor remains the Executive Chairman of MicroStrategy. In a press release announcing the transition, Saylor said that he would focus on the company's bitcoin acquisition strategy and that Phong would manage overall corporate operations.<ref name="cnbc-2022-08-02" />


===Bitcoin purchases=== ===Bitcoin purchases===
In August 2020, MicroStrategy invested $250 million in ] as a treasury reserve asset, citing declining returns from cash, a weakening dollar, and other global macroeconomic factors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-11 |title=MicroStrategy buys $250M in Bitcoin as CEO says it's superior to cash |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2020/08/11/microstratregy-buys-250m-in-bitcoin.html |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Washington Business Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MicroStrategy Buys $50 Million Worth Of Bitcoin, Topping Up Holdings To $766M |date=5 December 2020|url=https://www.benzinga.com/markets/cryptocurrency/20/12/18663624/microstrategy-buys-50-million-worth-of-bitcoin-topping-up-holdings-to-766m}}</ref> The company went on to make several additional large purchases of bitcoin; as of September 19, 2022, MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries held approximately 130,000 BTC, acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $3.98 billion at an average purchase price of $30,639 per bitcoin. As of September 19, 2022, bitcoin was trading around $19,200.<ref>{{cite web |title=8-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312522247427/d355455d8k.htm |publisher=] |access-date=20 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Billionaire Michael Saylor Tries to Reassure as His Bitcoin Bet Falters |url=https://www.thestreet.com/investing/cryptocurrency/billionaire-michael-saylor-tries-to-reassure-as-his-bitcoin-bet-falters |website=] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Microstrategy's looming margin call |url=https://www.ft.com/content/90e15d91-ec1b-473e-933b-88abc456b15a |website=] |date=10 May 2022 |access-date=11 May 2022}}</ref> Saylor is the main driver behind this strategy. In August 2020, MicroStrategy invested $250 million in ] as a treasury reserve asset, citing declining returns from cash, a weakening dollar, and other global ] factors.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-11 |title=MicroStrategy buys $250M in Bitcoin as CEO says it's superior to cash |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/news/2020/08/11/microstratregy-buys-250m-in-bitcoin.html |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=Washington Business Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MicroStrategy Buys $50 Million Worth Of Bitcoin, Topping Up Holdings To $766M |date=5 December 2020|url=https://www.benzinga.com/markets/cryptocurrency/20/12/18663624/microstrategy-buys-50-million-worth-of-bitcoin-topping-up-holdings-to-766m}}</ref> The company went on to make several additional large purchases of bitcoin; as of September 19, 2022, MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries held approximately 130,000 BTC, acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $3.98 billion at an average purchase price of $30,639 per bitcoin. Saylor is the main driver behind this strategy.


On the company's quarterly earnings call on May 3, 2022, MicroStrategy CFO Phong Le stated that the company would face a ] if bitcoin’s price fell to about $21,000. A margin call would obligate the company to sell some of its bitcoin holdings. Le stated that the company could add more collateral to its loan to avoid such a situation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Matthew |title=Microstrategy said it would face a margin call and be forced to sell some of its crypto if bitcoin falls to $21,000 |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/microstrategy-bitcoin-margin-call-21000-crypto-loan-mstr-stock-price-2022-5 |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Markets Insider}}</ref> After bitcoin's price fell to about $20,800 in June 2022, the company said that it had not received a margin call and that it had enough capital to withstand further ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Westbrook |first=Tom |date=2022-06-15 |title=MicroStrategy scotches 'margin call' fears, says can withstand volatility|work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/bitcoin-nears-microstrategy-margin-call-price-2022-06-14/ |access-date=2022-06-15}}</ref> On December 22, 2022, MicroStrategy sold 704 BTC, which represented their first time selling any bitcoin, for an amount of around $11.8 million.<ref> MicroStrategy</ref> On the company's quarterly earnings call on May 3, 2022, MicroStrategy CFO Phong Le stated that the company would face a ] if bitcoin's price fell to about $21,000. A margin call would obligate the company to sell some of its bitcoin holdings. Le stated that the company could add more collateral to its loan to avoid such a situation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fox |first=Matthew |title=Microstrategy said it would face a margin call and be forced to sell some of its crypto if bitcoin falls to $21,000 |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/microstrategy-bitcoin-margin-call-21000-crypto-loan-mstr-stock-price-2022-5 |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Markets Insider}}</ref> After bitcoin's price fell to about $20,800 in June 2022, the company said that it had not received a margin call and that it had enough capital to withstand further ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Westbrook |first=Tom |date=2022-06-15 |title=MicroStrategy scotches 'margin call' fears, says can withstand volatility|work=] |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/bitcoin-nears-microstrategy-margin-call-price-2022-06-14/ |access-date=2022-06-15}}</ref> On December 22, 2022, MicroStrategy sold 704 BTC, which represented their first time selling any bitcoin, for an amount of around $11.8 million.<ref> MicroStrategy</ref>


On September 25, 2023, MicroStrategy Incorporated (“MicroStrategy”) announced that, during the period between August 1, 2023, and September 24, 2023, MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries acquired approximately 5,445 bitcoins for approximately $147.3 million in cash, at an average price of approximately $27,053 per bitcoin, inclusive of fees and expenses. On September 25, 2023, MicroStrategy announced that, during the period between August 1, 2023, and September 24, 2023, MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries acquired approximately 5,445 bitcoins for approximately $147.3 million in cash, at an average price of approximately $27,053 per bitcoin, inclusive of fees and expenses.


As of December 8, 2024, MicroStrategy was reported to own 423,650 bitcoins, worth $42.43 billion, and is the largest corporate holder of the asset. MicroStrategy purchased 149,880 bitcoins in the month beginning on November 11, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macheel |first=Tanaya |date=2024-12-14 |title=Bitcoin proxy MicroStrategy to join the Nasdaq 100 and heavily traded 'QQQ' ETF |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/12/13/bitcoin-proxy-microstrategy-to-join-the-nasdaq-100-and-heavily-traded-qqq-etf.html |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> On the strength of this asset, MicroStrategy was included in the ] effective December 23, 2024, although it will need to survive a classification review in April 2025 to determine if it should be categorized as a financial firm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MicroStrategy joins Nasdaq-100 ranks, but its stay could get cut short |url=https://www.dlnews.com/articles/markets/microstrategy-joins-nasdaq-100-but-stay-could-get-cut-short/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=DL News |language=en}}</ref>
⚫ ==Controversies==
=== Lawsuit ===
⚫ On August 31, 2022, the Attorney General for the ] sued Saylor for tax fraud, accusing him of illegally avoiding more than $25 million in D.C. taxes by pretending to be a resident of other jurisdictions. MicroStrategy was accused of collaborating with Saylor to facilitate his tax evasion by misreporting his residential address to local and federal tax authorities and failing to withhold D.C. taxes.<ref>{{cite web |title=AG Racine Sues DC-Based Billionaire Michael Saylor & Software Company Microstrategy for Evading More Than $25 Million in District Taxes |url=https://oag.dc.gov/release/ag-racine-sues-dc-based-billionaire-michael-saylor |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=oag.dc.gov}}</ref> MicroStrategy said the case is "a personal tax matter involving Mr. Saylor" and called the claims against the company "false" and it would "defend aggressively against this overreach."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feiner |first1=Lauren |date=31 August 2022 |title=MicroStrategy Chair Michael Saylor accused of evading $25 million in taxes by DC attorney general |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/31/microstrategy-chairman-michael-saylor-accused-of-tax-evasion-by-dc-ag.html |access-date=1 September 2022 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>


⚫ ==Controversies==
=== Hacking allegations ===
Following MicroStrategy Inc.'s March 20, 2000 announcement that it had significantly overstated its 1998 and 1999 revenues, approximately two dozen class action securities fraud actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against MicroStrategy.<ref>{{Cite case |title=In re Microstrategy Inc. Securities Litigation, No. CIV.00-473-A {{!}} Casetext Search + Citator |url=https://casetext.com/case/in-re-microstrategy-inc-securities-litigation-4 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241228193727/https://casetext.com/case/in-re-microstrategy-inc-securities-litigation-4 |archive-date=2024-12-28 |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=en}}</ref>
On April 21, 2024, the company was tied to the alleged hacking of the ] account Nexus , with the channel's name changed to MicroStrategy US<ref>{{Cite web |title=MicroStrategy US - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZwP1iUQiAKYQp5w-9mJb_w/videos?view=0&sort=dd&shelf_id=0 |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> and all of the previously uploaded videos replaced by attached company-related videos from the official MicroStrategy channel<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Nexus @ms-corp-live-2024 |url=https://socialblade.com/youtube/channel/UCZwP1iUQiAKYQp5w-9mJb_w |access-date=April 21, 2024 |website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nexus 's YouTube Stats and Insights - vidIQ YouTube Stats |url=https://vidiq.com/youtube-stats/channel/UCZwP1iUQiAKYQp5w-9mJb_w/ |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=vidiq.com |language=en}}</ref> after YouTube videos accusing the company or the brand name of hacking were uploaded.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDYy5jWwZ-o |title=Nexus Got HACKED By The Same Hackers… (My POV) |language=en |access-date=2024-04-22 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref>


⚫ On August 31, 2022, the Attorney General for the ] sued Saylor for tax fraud, accusing him of illegally avoiding more than $25 million in D.C. taxes by pretending to be a resident of other jurisdictions. MicroStrategy was accused of collaborating with Saylor to facilitate his ] by misreporting his residential address to local and federal tax authorities and failing to withhold D.C. taxes.<ref>{{cite web |title=AG Racine Sues DC-Based Billionaire Michael Saylor & Software Company Microstrategy for Evading More Than $25 Million in District Taxes |url=https://oag.dc.gov/release/ag-racine-sues-dc-based-billionaire-michael-saylor |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=oag.dc.gov}}</ref> MicroStrategy said the case is "a personal tax matter involving Mr. Saylor" and called the claims against the company "false" and it would "defend aggressively against this overreach."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Feiner |first1=Lauren |date=31 August 2022 |title=MicroStrategy Chair Michael Saylor accused of evading $25 million in taxes by DC attorney general |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/31/microstrategy-chairman-michael-saylor-accused-of-tax-evasion-by-dc-ag.html |access-date=1 September 2022 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> In June 2024, Saylor and MicroStrategy reached a $40 million settlement agreement with the District of Columbia.<ref name="Hirsch 2024">{{cite news |last1=Hirsch |first1=Lauren |title=MicroStrategy and Its Founder to Pay $40 Million in Tax Fraud Lawsuit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/03/business/dealbook/microstrategy-michael-saylor-tax-fraud.html |work=] |date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128102401/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/03/business/dealbook/microstrategy-michael-saylor-tax-fraud.html |archive-date=28 November 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
==Products== ==Products==
{{Infobox software {{Infobox software
Line 79: Line 80:
| latest_preview_date = | latest_preview_date =
| operating_system = ], ], ] (no longer supported), ] (no longer supported) | operating_system = ], ], ] (no longer supported), ] (no longer supported)
| genre = ] | genre = ]
| license = ] | license = ]
| website = {{URL|https://www.microstrategy.com/us/platform}} | website = {{URL|https://www.microstrategy.com/us/platform}}
}} }}
MicroStrategy 2020, the company's latest platform release of its business intelligence software, includes improvements to the vendor's HyperIntelligence capabilities, an embedded analytics system using augmented intelligence and machine learning technology.<ref name=search1 /> MicroStrategy 2020 is the latest platform release of the company's business intelligence software.<ref name=search1 />


MicroStrategy 2019, the prior platform release, focused on three areas: federated analytics, allowing extended connectivity to data sources and applications; transformational mobility, for easier mobile application development; and HyperIntelligence, integrating Bluetooth identity detection and voice.<ref name="Holak" /><ref name="Marshall" /><ref name="Brust">{{Cite news |last=Brust |first=Andrew |date=January 7, 2019 |title=MicroStrategy 2019 introduced "HyperIntelligence" contextual BI |publisher=] |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microstrategy-2019-brings-introduces-hyperintelligence-contextual-bi/ |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref> The earlier suite of software, MicroStrategy 10, consisted of MicroStrategy Analytics, MicroStrategy Mobile, and Usher. MicroStrategy 10.10, released in December 2017, added MicroStrategy Workstation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sargent |first=Jenna |date=December 11, 2017 |title=MicroStrategy 10.10, Talend's new developer courses, and UC Berkeley future learning robots |work=] |url=https://sdtimes.com/sd-times-news-digest-microstrategy-10-10-talends-new-courses-uc-berkeley-future-learning-robots/}}</ref> It uses business intelligence and ] to search through and perform analytics on ] from a variety of sources, including data warehouses, Excel files, and ] distributions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 29, 2014 |title=Zettaset adds BI connector to Hadoop tool |publisher=] |url=https://www.itweb.co.za/content/JKjlyr7w2rjvk6am}}</ref> MicroStrategy 2019, the prior platform release, attempted to improve connectivity to data sources and applications and allow for easier mobile application development. it also offered Bluetooth identity detection and voice.<ref name="Holak" /><ref name="Marshall" /><ref name="Brust">{{Cite news |last=Brust |first=Andrew |date=January 7, 2019 |title=MicroStrategy 2019 introduced "HyperIntelligence" contextual BI |publisher=] |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microstrategy-2019-brings-introduces-hyperintelligence-contextual-bi/ |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref> The earlier suite of software, MicroStrategy 10, consisted of MicroStrategy Analytics, MicroStrategy Mobile, and Usher. MicroStrategy 10.10, released in December 2017, added MicroStrategy Workstation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sargent |first=Jenna |date=December 11, 2017 |title=MicroStrategy 10.10, Talend's new developer courses, and UC Berkeley future learning robots |work=] |url=https://sdtimes.com/sd-times-news-digest-microstrategy-10-10-talends-new-courses-uc-berkeley-future-learning-robots/}}</ref> It uses business intelligence and ] to search through and perform analytics on ] from a variety of sources, including ]s, ] files, and ] distributions.<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 29, 2014 |title=Zettaset adds BI connector to Hadoop tool |publisher=] |url=https://www.itweb.co.za/content/JKjlyr7w2rjvk6am}}</ref>


MicroStrategy Mobile, introduced in 2010, is a software platform integrating Analytics capabilities into apps for ], ], ], and ]. It allows easier access without needing to reformat the data for different platforms.<ref name="idev1">{{Cite news |title=MicroStrategy Rolls Out Analytics Solutions for Cloud, Mobile Information-Driven Apps |publisher=Integration Developer News |url=http://www.idevnews.com/stories/6089/MicroStrategy-Rolls-Out-Analytics-Solutions-for-Cloud-Mobile-Information-Driven-Apps |access-date=2014-02-20}}</ref> MicroStrategy Mobile, introduced in 2010, incorporates analytics capabilities to apps for ], ], ], and ].<ref name="idev1">{{Cite news |title=MicroStrategy Rolls Out Analytics Solutions for Cloud, Mobile Information-Driven Apps |publisher=Integration Developer News |url=http://www.idevnews.com/stories/6089/MicroStrategy-Rolls-Out-Analytics-Solutions-for-Cloud-Mobile-Information-Driven-Apps |access-date=2014-02-20}}</ref>


Usher is a digital credential and identity intelligence product for organizations to control digital and physical access. It replaces physical badges and passwords with secure digital badges, and generates information on user behavior and resource usage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Overly |first=Steven |date=April 14, 2013 |title=MicroStrategy's office of the future includes mobile identity and cybersecurity |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/microstrategys-office-of-the-future-includes-mobile-identity-and-cybersecurity/2013/04/13/eb82e074-a1e3-11e2-be47-b44febada3a8_story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Flook |first=Bill |date=October 2, 2013 |title=Michael Saylor on the iPhone 5s, mobile ID and the new 'biometric war' |work=] |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/techflash/2013/10/michael-saylor-the-iphone-5s-and-the.html}}</ref> Usher uses ], out-of-band channels, time-limited codes, and bidirectional ] infrastructure encryption.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MicroStrategy Incorporated 2013 Form 10-K Annual Report |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1050446/000119312514048295/d639132d10k.htm |publisher=]}}</ref> Usher is a digital credential and identity intelligence product for organizations to control digital and physical access. It replaces physical badges and passwords with secure ]s, and generates information on user behavior and resource usage.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Overly |first=Steven |date=April 14, 2013 |title=MicroStrategy's office of the future includes mobile identity and cybersecurity |newspaper=] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/microstrategys-office-of-the-future-includes-mobile-identity-and-cybersecurity/2013/04/13/eb82e074-a1e3-11e2-be47-b44febada3a8_story.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Flook |first=Bill |date=October 2, 2013 |title=Michael Saylor on the iPhone 5s, mobile ID and the new 'biometric war' |work=] |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/blog/techflash/2013/10/michael-saylor-the-iphone-5s-and-the.html}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
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{{Nasdaq-100}}
{{Dot-com Bubble}} {{Dot-com Bubble}}


Latest revision as of 18:21, 1 January 2025

American technology company
MicroStrategy Incorporated
Company typePublic
Traded as
IndustryBusiness intelligence and mobile software
Founded1989; 36 years ago (1989)
Founders
HeadquartersTysons Corner, Virginia, U.S.
Key people
RevenueDecrease US$496 million (2023)
Net incomeIncrease US$429 million (2023)
Total assetsIncrease US$4.76 billion (2023)
Total equityIncrease US$2.16 billion (2023)
Number of employees1,934 (2023)
Websitemicrostrategy.com
Footnotes / references

MicroStrategy Incorporated is an American development company that provides business intelligence (BI), mobile software, and cloud-based services. Founded in 1989 by Michael J. Saylor, Sanju Bansal, and Thomas Spahr, the firm develops software to analyze internal and external data in order to make business decisions and to develop mobile apps. It is a public company headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area. Its primary business analytics competitors include SAP AG Business Objects, IBM Cognos, and Oracle Corporation's BI Platform. Saylor is the Executive Chairman and, from 1989 to 2022, was the CEO.

Since 2020, the company's securities are widely considered to be a bitcoin proxy due to MicroStrategy's holdings of the cryptocurrency.

History

Saylor started MicroStrategy in 1989 with a consulting contract from DuPont, which provided Saylor with $250,000 in start-up capital and office space in Wilmington, Delaware. Saylor was soon joined by company co-founder Sanju Bansal, whom he had met while the two were students at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The company produced software for data mining and business intelligence using nonlinear mathematics, an idea inspired by a course on systems-dynamics theory that they took at MIT.

In 1992, MicroStrategy gained its first major client when it signed a $10 million contract with McDonald's. It increased revenues by 100% each year between 1990 and 1996. In 1994, the company's offices and its 50 employees moved from Delaware to Tysons Corner, Virginia.

On June 11, 1998, MicroStrategy became a public company via an initial public offering.

In 2000, the company founded Alarm.com as part of its research and development unit.

On March 20, 2000, after a review of its accounting practices, the company announced that it would restate its financial results for the preceding two years. Its stock price, which had risen from $7 per share to as high as $333 per share in a year, fell to $120 per share, or 62%, in a day in what is regarded as the bursting of the dot-com bubble.

In December 2000, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission brought charges against the company and its executives. A lawsuit was subsequently filed against MicroStrategy and certain of its officials over fraud. In December 2000, Saylor, Bansal, and the company's former CFO settled with the SEC without admitting wrongdoing, each paying $350,000 in fines. The officers also paid a combined total of $10 million in disgorgement. The company settled with the SEC, hiring an independent director to ensure regulatory compliance.

In February 2009, MicroStrategy sold Alarm.com to venture capital firm ABS Capital Partners for $27.7 million. The company introduced OLAP Services with a shared data set cache to accelerate reports and ad hoc queries. In 2010, the company began developing and deploying business intelligence software for mobile platforms, such as the iPhone and iPad.

In 2011, the company expanded its offerings to include a cloud-based service, MicroStrategy Cloud.

In 2013, MicroStrategy sold Angel to Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories for $110 million.

In January 2014, the company announced a new feature of the platform called PRIME (Parallel Relational In-Memory Engine), co-developed with Facebook.

In October 2014, the company announced plans to lay off 770 employees, a month after reducing Saylor's salary from $875,000 to $1 at his request.

In June 2015, MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy 10.

In the fall of 2018, the company released MicroStrategy 11.

In January 2019, MicroStrategy announced the general availability of MicroStrategy 2019.

In February 2020, the company announced MicroStrategy 2020.

Saylor resigned as CEO effective August 8, 2022. Phong Le, who had been president, succeeded him. Saylor remains the Executive Chairman of MicroStrategy. In a press release announcing the transition, Saylor said that he would focus on the company's bitcoin acquisition strategy and that Phong would manage overall corporate operations.

Bitcoin purchases

In August 2020, MicroStrategy invested $250 million in bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, citing declining returns from cash, a weakening dollar, and other global macroeconomic factors. The company went on to make several additional large purchases of bitcoin; as of September 19, 2022, MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries held approximately 130,000 BTC, acquired at an aggregate purchase price of $3.98 billion at an average purchase price of $30,639 per bitcoin. Saylor is the main driver behind this strategy.

On the company's quarterly earnings call on May 3, 2022, MicroStrategy CFO Phong Le stated that the company would face a margin call if bitcoin's price fell to about $21,000. A margin call would obligate the company to sell some of its bitcoin holdings. Le stated that the company could add more collateral to its loan to avoid such a situation. After bitcoin's price fell to about $20,800 in June 2022, the company said that it had not received a margin call and that it had enough capital to withstand further volatility. On December 22, 2022, MicroStrategy sold 704 BTC, which represented their first time selling any bitcoin, for an amount of around $11.8 million.

On September 25, 2023, MicroStrategy announced that, during the period between August 1, 2023, and September 24, 2023, MicroStrategy and its subsidiaries acquired approximately 5,445 bitcoins for approximately $147.3 million in cash, at an average price of approximately $27,053 per bitcoin, inclusive of fees and expenses.

As of December 8, 2024, MicroStrategy was reported to own 423,650 bitcoins, worth $42.43 billion, and is the largest corporate holder of the asset. MicroStrategy purchased 149,880 bitcoins in the month beginning on November 11, 2024. On the strength of this asset, MicroStrategy was included in the Nasdaq-100 effective December 23, 2024, although it will need to survive a classification review in April 2025 to determine if it should be categorized as a financial firm.

Controversies

Following MicroStrategy Inc.'s March 20, 2000 announcement that it had significantly overstated its 1998 and 1999 revenues, approximately two dozen class action securities fraud actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia against MicroStrategy.

On August 31, 2022, the Attorney General for the District of Columbia sued Saylor for tax fraud, accusing him of illegally avoiding more than $25 million in D.C. taxes by pretending to be a resident of other jurisdictions. MicroStrategy was accused of collaborating with Saylor to facilitate his tax evasion by misreporting his residential address to local and federal tax authorities and failing to withhold D.C. taxes. MicroStrategy said the case is "a personal tax matter involving Mr. Saylor" and called the claims against the company "false" and it would "defend aggressively against this overreach." In June 2024, Saylor and MicroStrategy reached a $40 million settlement agreement with the District of Columbia.

Products

MicroStrategy Analytics
Developer(s)MicroStrategy
Stable releaseMicroStrategy 2019 / January 7, 2019; 5 years ago (2019-01-07)
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows, Linux, AIX (no longer supported), Solaris (no longer supported)
TypeBusiness intelligence
LicenseTrialware
Websitewww.microstrategy.com/us/platform

MicroStrategy 2020 is the latest platform release of the company's business intelligence software.

MicroStrategy 2019, the prior platform release, attempted to improve connectivity to data sources and applications and allow for easier mobile application development. it also offered Bluetooth identity detection and voice. The earlier suite of software, MicroStrategy 10, consisted of MicroStrategy Analytics, MicroStrategy Mobile, and Usher. MicroStrategy 10.10, released in December 2017, added MicroStrategy Workstation. It uses business intelligence and predictive analytics to search through and perform analytics on big data from a variety of sources, including data warehouses, Excel files, and Apache Hadoop distributions.

MicroStrategy Mobile, introduced in 2010, incorporates analytics capabilities to apps for iPhone, iPad, Android, and BlackBerry.

Usher is a digital credential and identity intelligence product for organizations to control digital and physical access. It replaces physical badges and passwords with secure digital badges, and generates information on user behavior and resource usage.

References

  1. "Microstrategy Form 10-K". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 2024-02-15. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  2. Perez, Juan Carlos (January 21, 2008). "Customers Trust MicroStrategy's Independence". PC World.
  3. Kanaracus, Chris (April 19, 2011). "Microstrategy Takes Aim at Self-service BI". PC World.
  4. Howson, Cindi (February 14, 2013). "MicroStrategy Doubles Down On Mobile, Data Visualization". InformationWeek.
  5. ^ Jaffe, Harry (March 1, 2000). "The Seven Billion Dollar Man". Washingtonian.
  6. "Microstrategy form 10-K". Microstrategy Investor Relations. 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  7. ^ Sigalos, MacKenzie (August 2, 2022). "MicroStrategy CEO Saylor moves to chairman role, focusing on strategy and bitcoin". CNBC. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  8. ^ Glasser, Jeff (July 15, 1996). "From the Ground Up and Up". The Washington Post.
  9. Salter, Chuck (March 31, 2000). "People and Technology - MicroStrategy Inc". Fast Company.
  10. Leibovich, Mark (January 6, 2002). "MicroStrategy's CEO Sped to the Brink". The Washington Post.
  11. Leibovich, Mark (August 9, 1998). "JOURNEY INTO THE SECRET HEART OF CAPITALISM". The Washington Post.
  12. ^ Takahashi, Dean (February 17, 2009). "Alarm.com buys out its owners for $27.7 million". VentureBeat.
  13. Hilzenrath, David S. (March 22, 2000). "For MicroStrategy, A Matter of Timing". The Washington Post.
  14. "MicroStrategy plummets". CNN Money. March 20, 2000.
  15. "SEC Brings Civil Charges Against MicroStrategy, Three Executive Officers for Accounting Violations" (Press release). U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. December 14, 2000.
  16. Norris, Floyd (December 15, 2000). "MicroStrategy Chairman Accused of Fraud by S.E.C." The New York Times.
  17. Lau, Debra (December 18, 2000). "Forbes Faces: Michael Saylor". Forbes.
  18. Hilzenrath, David S. (December 15, 2000). "Saylor, Associates Settle Fraud Charges". The Washington Post.
  19. "MicroStrategy Launches In-Memory Analysis Engine". Information Week. February 14, 2014.
  20. Kayle, Alex (July 7, 2010). "iPad spells end for traditional BI". ITWeb.
  21. Howson, Cindi (January 31, 2012). "MicroStrategy Cloud, Social And Mobile Bets Pay Off". InformationWeek.
  22. "MicroStrategy Announces Sale of Angel Subsidiary" (Press release). PR Newswire. February 26, 2013.
  23. "MicroStrategy To Sell Angel.com Unit To Genesys For $110M". Forbes. February 26, 2013.
  24. ^ "MicroStrategy Rolls Out Analytics Solutions for Cloud, Mobile Information-Driven Apps". Integration Developer News. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  25. Clabaugh, Jeff (October 9, 2014). "MicroStrategy slashes workforce by 20 percent". American City Business Journals.
  26. Noyes, Katherine (June 4, 2015). "MicroStrategy 10 promises enhanced BI with more governance, security". CIO magazine.
  27. ^ Holak, Brian (January 8, 2019). "MicroStrategy 2019 platform touts 'zero-click' analytics". Tech Target. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  28. ^ Marshall, Mo (January 7, 2019). "MicroStrategy 2019 promises voice queries, hyper-targeted intelligence". Venture Beat. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  29. ^ "HyperIntelligence upgrades highlight MicroStrategy 2020". TechTarget. 2020-02-05. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  30. "MicroStrategy buys $250M in Bitcoin as CEO says it's superior to cash". Washington Business Journal. 2020-08-11. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  31. "MicroStrategy Buys $50 Million Worth Of Bitcoin, Topping Up Holdings To $766M". 5 December 2020.
  32. Fox, Matthew. "Microstrategy said it would face a margin call and be forced to sell some of its crypto if bitcoin falls to $21,000". Markets Insider. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
  33. Westbrook, Tom (2022-06-15). "MicroStrategy scotches 'margin call' fears, says can withstand volatility". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
  34. MicroStrategy Incorporated MicroStrategy
  35. Macheel, Tanaya (2024-12-14). "Bitcoin proxy MicroStrategy to join the Nasdaq 100 and heavily traded 'QQQ' ETF". CNBC. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
  36. "MicroStrategy joins Nasdaq-100 ranks, but its stay could get cut short". DL News. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
  37. In re Microstrategy Inc. Securities Litigation, No. CIV.00-473-A | Casetext Search + Citator (Court case). Archived from the original on 2024-12-28. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
  38. "AG Racine Sues DC-Based Billionaire Michael Saylor & Software Company Microstrategy for Evading More Than $25 Million in District Taxes". oag.dc.gov. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  39. Feiner, Lauren (31 August 2022). "MicroStrategy Chair Michael Saylor accused of evading $25 million in taxes by DC attorney general". CNBC. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  40. Hirsch, Lauren (3 June 2024). "MicroStrategy and Its Founder to Pay $40 Million in Tax Fraud Lawsuit". New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 November 2024.
  41. Brust, Andrew (January 7, 2019). "MicroStrategy 2019 introduced "HyperIntelligence" contextual BI". ZDNet. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  42. Sargent, Jenna (December 11, 2017). "MicroStrategy 10.10, Talend's new developer courses, and UC Berkeley future learning robots". SD Times.
  43. "Zettaset adds BI connector to Hadoop tool". ITWeb. January 29, 2014.
  44. Overly, Steven (April 14, 2013). "MicroStrategy's office of the future includes mobile identity and cybersecurity". The Washington Post.
  45. Flook, Bill (October 2, 2013). "Michael Saylor on the iPhone 5s, mobile ID and the new 'biometric war'". American City Business Journals.

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