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The '''Ducal Museum Gotha''' (German - ''Herzogliche Museum Gotha'') is a museum in the German city of ], located in the ] to the south of the ]. Its collection was the art collection of the former Duchy of ], consisting of Egyptian and Greco-Roman antiquities, Renaissance paintings such as '']'', Chinese and Japanese art, and sculptures from various eras. The '''Ducal Museum Gotha''' ({{Langx|de|Herzogliches Museum Gotha}}) is a museum in the German city of ], located in the ] to the south of the ]. Its collection was the art collection of the former Duchy of ], consisting of Egyptian and Greco-Roman antiquities, Renaissance paintings such as '']'', Chinese and Japanese art, and sculptures from various eras.

⚫ Reopening in 2013, it is housed in a 19th century ] building owned by the city, whilst the museum itself is managed by the Friedenstein Castle Gotha Foundation, founded in 2004. Martin Eberle has been the Foundation's director since 2007.<ref>{{in lang|de}} </ref>


⚫ Reopening in 2013, it is housed in a 19th-century ] building owned by the city, whilst the museum itself and its collections are managed by the Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha (Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha), founded in 2004. Martin Eberle has been the Foundation's director since 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mitteldeutscherverlag.de/index.php?page=shop.product_details&flypage=flypage.tpl&product_id=1085&category_id=82&option=com_virtuemart&Itemid=1&vmcchk=1&Itemid=1|title=Willkommen bei mitteldeutscher verlag|website=www.mitteldeutscherverlag.de}}</ref>


== History == == History ==
] ]


=== 19th century===<!--- ===1863-1879===
The constant growth of the ducal collections at Friedenstein Castle, including a library, art, coin and natural history cabinets, paintings, engravings and plaster casts, necessitated the construction of a new separate museum building. In 1863 ] commissioned one with the approval of the Duchy's parliament on the condition that it was open to the public and free-entry on Sundays. According to the Duke's wishes, it was to contain all of the ducal collections except the library. Initially, construction costs were estimated at 120,000 ]s, financed from the ducal assets.
Das beständige Anwachsen der Herzoglichen Sammlungen auf Schloss Friedenstein, die unter anderem eine Bibliothek, ein Münzkabinett, ein Naturalienkabinett, ein Kunstkabinett, eine Gemäldegalerie und eine Kupferstichsammlung umfassten, gab den Anlass für einen separaten repräsentativen Museumsneubau. 1863 beauftragte ] von ], mit der Zustimmung des Landtages des Herzogtums Sachsen-Gotha unter der Bedingung der Zugänglichkeit für die Öffentlichkeit bei freiem Eintritt an Sonntagen, den Neubau eines besonderen Museums. Es sollte nach dem Willen des Herzogs künftig alle Sammlungen bis auf die Bibliothek beinhalten. Anfangs wurde mit ca. 120.000 ]n Baukosten, aus dem ] finanziert, gerechnet.


A site was chosen on the former site of the ducal kitchen garden. ] (1815–1888) had been in the duke's service since 1839 and he was entrusted with designing the new museum in 1864, with construction work starting that June.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.architektenlexikon.at/de/1192.htm|title=Architekturzentrum Wien|website=www.architektenlexikon.at}}</ref> He estimated construction costs (excluding interior furnishings) at 145,000 thalers and construction time as four years.
1864 wurde der Wiener Architekt und Baurat ] (1815–1888), der seit 1839 in herzoglichen Diensten stand, mit den Planungen betraut,<ref></ref> das südlich des ] auf dem Gelände des ehemaligen ] errichtet werden sollte. Neumann ermittelte bei einer Bauzeit von vier Jahren für seine Planung eine Bausumme (ohne Inneneinrichtung) von 145.000 Talern. Im Juni 1864 begannen die Bauarbeiten.


] ]
The Tannengarten (literally fir-tree garden) was added to the building's south in 1869,<ref name="Scheffler">{{in lang|de}} Jens Scheffler: ''Die Anlagen am Neuen Museum (Tannengarten).'' In: ''Im Reich der Göttin Freiheit. Gothas fürstliche Gärten in fünf Jahrhunderten'', Gotha 2007, pages 189-191.</ref> with around 170 conifers of over 40 different varieties from all over the world planted in it, mainly in spring 1872.<ref name="Scheffler" /> The garden's tree collection was deliberately designed as a natural "continuation" of the museum's natural history collection and was complete by 1882. Starting from the wide-open staircase on the museum's south terrace, the chief court gardener Carl Theobald Eulefeld (1818–1877) laid out a wide promenade dividing the former kitchen garden area into two halves and leading into the south end of the Englischer Garten with the Great Park Pond.


The construction estimate proved to be far short of the mark and the budget was raised to 200,000 thalers in 1867. That estimate rose to 400,000 thalers by 1870, particularly for completing the interior, but this could not be raised so construction was paused for four years that November. After the architect agreed to make restrictions and the Duke and parliament to cover the missing funds 70:30 respectively, construction work resumed in May 1875. When it became apparent at the beginning of 1878 that the interior work had again gone over budget, von Neumann was dismissed as construction manager.<ref>{{in lang|de}} Wolfgang Zimmermann: ''Der Bau des Herzoglichen Museums zu Gotha (1864–1879)''</ref> On 17 April 1879, fifteen years after construction began, the building finally opened.
Noch während des Museumsbaus wurde 1869 südlich des Gebäudes mit der Anlage des sogenannten ] begonnen.<ref name="Scheffler">Jens Scheffler: ''Die Anlagen am Neuen Museum (Tannengarten).'' In: ''Im Reich der Göttin Freiheit. Gothas fürstliche Gärten in fünf Jahrhunderten'', Gotha 2007, S. 189ff.</ref> Ausgehend von der breiten Freitreppe an der südlichen Terrasse des Museums legte der gothaische Oberhofgärtner Carl Theobald Eulefeld (1818–1877) einen breiten Promenadenweg an, der die Fläche des einstigen Küchengartens in zwei Hälften teilt und in den Südteil des ] mit dem Großen Parkteich führt. Hauptsächlich im Frühjahr 1872 wurden im Tannengarten rund 170 Nadelgehölze von über 40 verschiedenen Sorten aus aller Welt in Gruppen angepflanzt.<ref name="Scheffler" /> Die dendrologische Sammlung des Gartens wurde dabei bewusst als natürliche „Fortsetzung“ der naturkundlichen Sammlung des Museums konzipiert und bis 1882 komplettiert.


=== 1880-present ===
1867 musste das unzureichende Baubudget, mit Einwilligung des Landtags, auf 200.000 Taler aufgestockt werden. 1870 zeichneten sich insbesondere zur Vollendung des Innenausbaus Baukosten von 400.000 Talern ab, was aufgrund der ungeklärten Restfinanzierung im November 1870 zur Einstellung der Bauarbeiten für vier Jahre führte. Nachdem sich der Architekt zu Einschränkungen bereit erklärte und der Herzog eine Übernahme von etwa 70 Prozent der fehlenden Mittel sowie der Landtag die restlichen 30 Prozent zusagten, kam es im Mai 1875 zu einer Wiederaufnahme der Bauarbeiten. Als sich Anfang 1878 eine erneute Überschreitung der Kalkulation für den Innenausbau zeigte, wurde dem Oberbaurat Franz von Neumann die Oberbauleitung entzogen und der Auftrag gekündigt.<ref>Wolfgang Zimmermann: ''Der Bau des Herzoglichen Museums zu Gotha (1864–1879)''</ref> Am 17. April 1879, 15 Jahre nach Baubeginn, konnte das Haus schließlich eröffnet werden. Darin wurden das Kunstkabinett, das Chinesische Kabinett, das Naturalienkabinett, Kupferstichkabinett, die Gemäldegalerie und die Sammlung der Gipsabgüsse untergebracht.
At the end of the Second World War, the collections of the Ducal Museum were heavily affected by looting before the Soviets' arrival. What was left of the art collection was taken to the ] and only returned to the city in 1956, after which they were housed in the ]. The natural science collections remained in the building which had previously also housed the Ducal Museum and were expanded to include the holdings of the Natural History Museum. After the building was remodelled, the Central Biological Museum was opened in the former Ducal Museum on 1 August 1954. The largest natural history museum in Thuringia at the time, it was later renamed the Naturkundemuseum (Natural History Museum) and then in 1971 it was the Museum der Natur Gotha (Museum of Nature Gotha).
--->
=== 20th century ===<!---
Am Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs erlitten die Sammlungen des Herzoglichen Museums durch Auslagerung, Plünderung und Entnahmen große Verluste. Die noch vorhandenen Teile der Kunstsammlungen wurden 1945 in die Sowjetunion abtransportiert und nach ihrer Rückgabe 1956 im Schloss Friedenstein untergebracht. Die naturwissenschaftlichen Sammlungen verblieben im Museumsgebäude und wurden um den Bestand des Naturkundlichen Heimatmuseums erweitert. Nach dem Umbau des Gebäudes wurde am 1. August 1954 im ehemals Herzoglichen Museum das Biologische Zentralmuseum eröffnet. Das zu dieser Zeit größte Naturmuseum Thüringens erhielt den Namen Naturkundemuseum, ab 1971 war es das ].
--->
=== 21st century ===<!---
]
Im Zuge einer Neukonzeption der Gothaer Museumslandschaft wurde das Haus im Jahre 2010 geschlossen und die Bestände der naturkundlichen Sammlungen bis Ende 2011 schrittweise in das Schloss Friedenstein verlagert. Nach einer grundlegenden Sanierung für neun Millionen Euro wurde das Herzogliche Museum mit 3000 Quadratmetern Ausstellungsfläche am 19. Oktober 2013<ref>, abgerufen am 20. Oktober 2013</ref> wiedereröffnet. Zu den bemerkenswerten Schätzen zählen unter anderem eine Ägyptische Sammlung, die als eine der frühesten auf dem Kontinent gilt, zahlreiche Antiken, Porzellan aus Meißen und Asien, japanische Lackobjekte, Plastiken von der Gotik bis zum Klassizismus, darunter eine beachtliche Houdon-Sammlung, niederländische und altdeutsche Gemälde wie das „]“ und zahlreiche Werke Lucas Cranachs, außerdem Gemälde von Rubens bis Caspar David Friedrich. Zusätzlich ist ein Raum für Wechselausstellungen des bedeutenden Kupferstichkabinetts vorgesehen und eine Sonderausstellungsfläche für große Ausstellungen der Stiftungsmuseen.
--->


]
⚫ === List of directors ===
As part of a reconceiving of Gotha's museums, it closed in 2010 and the natural history collections were relocated to the Palace by the end of 2011. Costing 9,000,000 Euros, the Ducal Museum's renovation was completed by 19 October 2013, when it reopened with 3000 square metres of display space.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stiftung-friedenstein.de/index.php?id=1359|title=Startseite &#124; Der Friedenstein – Gotha|website=www.stiftung-friedenstein.de}}</ref> This also added rooms for temporary prints and drawings exhibitions of the important print cabinet and a special exhibition area for major exhibitions by all the museums in the foundation.

⚫ == List of directors ==
===Museum===
* ] (1879–1890) * ] (1879–1890)
* ] (1890–1934) * ] (1890–1934)

===Ducal Institutes for Art and Science===
* ] (1934–1946) * ] (1934–1946)

⚫ * ] (1946–1954)
===State Museums===
⚫ * ] (1946–1983)
* ] (1986–1992) * ] (1986–1992)
* ] (1992) * ] (1992)
* ] (1995–1997) * ] (1995–1997)
* ] und ] (1997–1998) * ] and ] (1997–1998)
* ] (1998–1999) * ] (1998–1999)
* ] and ] (1999–2001) * ] and ] (1999–2001)

===Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha===
* ] (2004–2006) * ] (2004–2006)
* ] (2006–2007) * ] (2006–2007)
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== Displays == == Displays ==
The basement displays show ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian art and 18th century Italian ]s of buildings from those civilizations. Sculptures and temporary exhibitions are housed on the ground floor, whilst the first floor houses paintings (such as Dutch Renaissance works and ones by ]), Chinese porcelain, Japanese lacquerware and other East Asian art. The basement displays show ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian art and 18th-century Italian ]s of buildings from those civilizations. Sculptures and temporary exhibitions are housed on the ground floor, whilst the first floor houses paintings (such as Dutch Renaissance works and ones by ]), Chinese porcelain, Japanese lacquerware and other East Asian art.


<gallery> <gallery>
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Tafelaltar Gotha.JPG|'']'', 1540 Tafelaltar Gotha.JPG|'']'', 1540
Caspar David Friedrich - Kreuz im Gebirge (Schloss Friedenstein).jpg|], ''Cross in the Mountains'', 1823 Caspar David Friedrich - Kreuz im Gebirge (Schloss Friedenstein).jpg|], ''Cross in the Mountains'', 1823
Farnesischer Stier Gotha.JPG|Bronze copy of the ], 1614 Farnesischer Stier Gotha.JPG|Bronze miniature copy of the ] by ], 1614
Abraham de Vries - Portrait of an unknown man.jpg|], ''Portrait of an Unknown Man'', 1643 Abraham de Vries - Portrait of an unknown man.jpg|], ''Portrait of an Unknown Man'', 1643
Genien Gotha.JPG|Geniuses of Concord and Harmony, China, c. 1700 Genien Gotha.JPG|Geniuses of Concord and Harmony, China, c. 1700
Yixing-Teekannen Gotha.JPG|] teapots, 18th century Yixing-Teekannen Gotha.JPG|] teapots, 18th century
Line 63: Line 66:
== Architecture == == Architecture ==
] ]
]<!--- ]
The building is mainly made up of ] sandstone, with some stone from ] in Saxony. Franz von Neumann based his designs on existing museum buildings built between 1800 and 1850 but also introduced ideas of his own, which in turn became ground-breaking for later buildings. The ] was the main influence on the facade.
Franz von Neumann orientierte sich in seinen Plänen an bestehenden Museumsneubauten aus der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, verwirklichte aber gleichzeitig auch eigene Ideen, die wiederum für spätere Bauten wegweisend wurden. Für die Gestaltung der Fassade, war sicherlich Versailles die wichtigste Inspiration. Das Mauerwerk besteht zum größten Teil aus ] Sandstein, teilweise kamen auch Steine aus ] in Sachsen zum Einbau.
Durch eine Glaskuppel auf der Mitte des Gebäudes, den repräsentativen Haupteingang und durch die pavillonartige Gestaltung der Ecken wird der mittlere Teil besonders betont. Zwei von Bildhauer ] modellierte sitzende Löwen an der Freitreppe und zwei ] Sandstein-Statuen im Eingangsportal empfangen den Besucher. Auf den Ecken der ] befinden sich Figurengruppen, die Kunst und Wissenschaft symbolisieren.


The complex is centred on a glass dome over a central octagon (housing a life-size 1882 ] statue of Ernst II wearing the robes of a Knight of the ]) and the main entrance (with two seated lions on the main staircase by sculptor ] and two ] sandstone statues in the entrance hall), whilst its corners are designed like pavilions. On the corners of the ] are groups of figures symbolizing art and science.
Im Inneren führt der Weg zu den Sälen und Kabinetten durch ein prächtiges sehr klar strukturiertes ]. Italienischer Marmor und ein mehrfarbiges Steinmosaik bestimmen das Gesamtbild des Raumes. Im Souterrain gibt es eine Reihe kleinteiliger Kabinette, darüber im Erdgeschoss befinden sich zwei großzügige, von Licht durchflutete Säulenhallen und im Obergeschoss Oberlichtsäle, die wiederum von Kabinetten umgeben sind. Die gläserne Kuppel ist über einem zentralen ] errichtet, in dessen Mitte eine lebensgroße Bronzeskulptur Ernsts II. in der Kleidung eines Ritters vom ] steht, die vom Bildhauer ] 1882 gestaltet wurde.--->

Inside, the path to the halls and cabinets leads through a magnificent, very clearly structured ]. Italian marble and a multi-coloured stone mosaic determine the room's overall appearance. In the basement are a series of small cabinets, whilst on the ground floor there are two spacious, light-flooded halls supported by pillars and on the upper floor are halls with skylights filled with cabinets.


== Bibliography == == Bibliography ==
* {{in lang|de}} Martin Eberle: ''Herzogliches Museum Gotha. Münzkabinett, Kupferstichkabinett, Ostasiatika''. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2013, ISBN 978-3-95462-017-3. * {{in lang|de}} Martin Eberle: ''Herzogliches Museum Gotha. Münzkabinett, Kupferstichkabinett, Ostasiatika''. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2013, ISBN 978-3-95462-017-3.
* {{in lang|de}} Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha (Hrsg.): ''Museen der Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha: Schlossmuseum, Museum der Natur, Museum für Regionalgeschichte und Volkskunde.'' Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06620-5. * {{in lang|de}} Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha (Hrsg.): ''Museen der Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha: Schlossmuseum, Museum der Natur, Museum für Regionalgeschichte und Volkskunde.'' Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06620-5.
* {{in lang|de}} Wolfgang Zimmermann: ''Der Bau des Herzoglichen Museums zu Gotha (1864–1879)''. In: Harald Bachmann, Wener Korn, Helmut Claus, Elisabeth Dobritzsch (Hrsg.): ''Herzog Ernst II. von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, 1818–1893 und seine Zeit'', Jubiläumsschrift im Auftrag der Städte Coburg und Goth. Maro Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-87512-198-8, S. 249–261. * {{in lang|de}} Wolfgang Zimmermann: ''Der Bau des Herzoglichen Museums zu Gotha (1864–1879)''. In: Harald Bachmann, Wener Korn, Helmut Claus, Elisabeth Dobritzsch (ed.s): ''Herzog Ernst II. von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, 1818–1893 und seine Zeit'', Jubiläumsschrift im Auftrag der Städte Coburg und Goth. Maro Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-87512-198-8, S. 249–261.

⚫ == References ==
{{Reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
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* {{in lang|de}} . In: Museum.de * {{in lang|de}} . In: Museum.de
* {{in lang|de}} * {{in lang|de}}

⚫ == References ==
<references />


{{coord|50|56|36|N|10|42|21|E|region:DE-TH_type:landmark|display=title}} {{coord|50|56|36|N|10|42|21|E|region:DE-TH_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{authority control|GND=5238329-5 |LCCN=no2015061745 |TYP=k |VIAF=148615070}} {{authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 21:45, 1 January 2025

The Museum at its reopening in 2013.

The Ducal Museum Gotha (German: Herzogliches Museum Gotha) is a museum in the German city of Gotha, located in the Schlosspark to the south of the Schloss Friedenstein. Its collection was the art collection of the former Duchy of Saxe-Gotha, consisting of Egyptian and Greco-Roman antiquities, Renaissance paintings such as The Lovers, Chinese and Japanese art, and sculptures from various eras.

Reopening in 2013, it is housed in a 19th-century Neo-Renaissance building owned by the city, whilst the museum itself and its collections are managed by the Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha (Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha), founded in 2004. Martin Eberle has been the Foundation's director since 2007.

History

Duke Ernest II, founder of the Ducal Museum

1863-1879

The constant growth of the ducal collections at Friedenstein Castle, including a library, art, coin and natural history cabinets, paintings, engravings and plaster casts, necessitated the construction of a new separate museum building. In 1863 Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha commissioned one with the approval of the Duchy's parliament on the condition that it was open to the public and free-entry on Sundays. According to the Duke's wishes, it was to contain all of the ducal collections except the library. Initially, construction costs were estimated at 120,000 thalers, financed from the ducal assets.

A site was chosen on the former site of the ducal kitchen garden. Franz von Neumann the Elder (1815–1888) had been in the duke's service since 1839 and he was entrusted with designing the new museum in 1864, with construction work starting that June. He estimated construction costs (excluding interior furnishings) at 145,000 thalers and construction time as four years.

In 1869 the Tannengarten was created as a natural continuation of the museum's natural history collection.

The Tannengarten (literally fir-tree garden) was added to the building's south in 1869, with around 170 conifers of over 40 different varieties from all over the world planted in it, mainly in spring 1872. The garden's tree collection was deliberately designed as a natural "continuation" of the museum's natural history collection and was complete by 1882. Starting from the wide-open staircase on the museum's south terrace, the chief court gardener Carl Theobald Eulefeld (1818–1877) laid out a wide promenade dividing the former kitchen garden area into two halves and leading into the south end of the Englischer Garten with the Great Park Pond.

The construction estimate proved to be far short of the mark and the budget was raised to 200,000 thalers in 1867. That estimate rose to 400,000 thalers by 1870, particularly for completing the interior, but this could not be raised so construction was paused for four years that November. After the architect agreed to make restrictions and the Duke and parliament to cover the missing funds 70:30 respectively, construction work resumed in May 1875. When it became apparent at the beginning of 1878 that the interior work had again gone over budget, von Neumann was dismissed as construction manager. On 17 April 1879, fifteen years after construction began, the building finally opened.

1880-present

At the end of the Second World War, the collections of the Ducal Museum were heavily affected by looting before the Soviets' arrival. What was left of the art collection was taken to the USSR and only returned to the city in 1956, after which they were housed in the Friedenstein Palace. The natural science collections remained in the building which had previously also housed the Ducal Museum and were expanded to include the holdings of the Natural History Museum. After the building was remodelled, the Central Biological Museum was opened in the former Ducal Museum on 1 August 1954. The largest natural history museum in Thuringia at the time, it was later renamed the Naturkundemuseum (Natural History Museum) and then in 1971 it was the Museum der Natur Gotha (Museum of Nature Gotha).

Asian porcelain display

As part of a reconceiving of Gotha's museums, it closed in 2010 and the natural history collections were relocated to the Palace by the end of 2011. Costing 9,000,000 Euros, the Ducal Museum's renovation was completed by 19 October 2013, when it reopened with 3000 square metres of display space. This also added rooms for temporary prints and drawings exhibitions of the important print cabinet and a special exhibition area for major exhibitions by all the museums in the foundation.

List of directors

Museum

Ducal Institutes for Art and Science

State Museums

Friedenstein Castle Foundation Gotha

Displays

The basement displays show ancient Greek, Roman and Egyptian art and 18th-century Italian cork models of buildings from those civilizations. Sculptures and temporary exhibitions are housed on the ground floor, whilst the first floor houses paintings (such as Dutch Renaissance works and ones by Lucas Cranach the Elder), Chinese porcelain, Japanese lacquerware and other East Asian art.

Architecture

The Museum's street facade
View of a stairwell

The building is mainly made up of Seeberg sandstone, with some stone from Pirna in Saxony. Franz von Neumann based his designs on existing museum buildings built between 1800 and 1850 but also introduced ideas of his own, which in turn became ground-breaking for later buildings. The Palace of Versailles was the main influence on the facade.

The complex is centred on a glass dome over a central octagon (housing a life-size 1882 Christian Behrens statue of Ernst II wearing the robes of a Knight of the Order of the Garter) and the main entrance (with two seated lions on the main staircase by sculptor Franz Melnitzky and two allegorical sandstone statues in the entrance hall), whilst its corners are designed like pavilions. On the corners of the attic are groups of figures symbolizing art and science.

Inside, the path to the halls and cabinets leads through a magnificent, very clearly structured vestibule. Italian marble and a multi-coloured stone mosaic determine the room's overall appearance. In the basement are a series of small cabinets, whilst on the ground floor there are two spacious, light-flooded halls supported by pillars and on the upper floor are halls with skylights filled with cabinets.

Bibliography

  • (in German) Martin Eberle: Herzogliches Museum Gotha. Münzkabinett, Kupferstichkabinett, Ostasiatika. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 2013, ISBN 978-3-95462-017-3.
  • (in German) Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha (Hrsg.): Museen der Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha: Schlossmuseum, Museum der Natur, Museum für Regionalgeschichte und Volkskunde. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-422-06620-5.
  • (in German) Wolfgang Zimmermann: Der Bau des Herzoglichen Museums zu Gotha (1864–1879). In: Harald Bachmann, Wener Korn, Helmut Claus, Elisabeth Dobritzsch (ed.s): Herzog Ernst II. von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha, 1818–1893 und seine Zeit, Jubiläumsschrift im Auftrag der Städte Coburg und Goth. Maro Verlag, Augsburg 1993, ISBN 3-87512-198-8, S. 249–261.

References

  1. "Willkommen bei mitteldeutscher verlag". www.mitteldeutscherverlag.de.
  2. "Architekturzentrum Wien". www.architektenlexikon.at.
  3. ^ (in German) Jens Scheffler: Die Anlagen am Neuen Museum (Tannengarten). In: Im Reich der Göttin Freiheit. Gothas fürstliche Gärten in fünf Jahrhunderten, Gotha 2007, pages 189-191.
  4. (in German) Wolfgang Zimmermann: Der Bau des Herzoglichen Museums zu Gotha (1864–1879)
  5. "Startseite | Der Friedenstein – Gotha". www.stiftung-friedenstein.de.

External links

50°56′36″N 10°42′21″E / 50.94333°N 10.70583°E / 50.94333; 10.70583

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