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| {{for|the former South Vietnamese province with the same name|Biên Hòa Province}} | {{for|the former South Vietnamese province with the same name|Biên Hòa Province}} | ||
| {{ |
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}} | ||
| {{Expand Vietnamese|topic=geo|date=March 2024}} | |||
| {{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> | <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> | ||
| <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> | <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> | ||
| <!-- Basic info ---------------->| name |
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| name = Biên Hòa | ||
| | official_name |
| official_name = Biên Hòa City<br/>{{nobold|{{lang|vi|Thành phố Biên Hòa}} }} | ||
| | other_name |
| other_name = | ||
| | native_name |
| native_name = | ||
| | nickname |
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| | settlement_type |
| settlement_type = ] | ||
| | total_type |
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | ||
| | motto |
| motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> | ||
| | image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{multiple image | ||
| | border = infobox | |||
| | imagesize = | |||
| | total_width = 300 | |||
| | image_caption = | |||
| | image_style = border:1; | |||
| | image_flag = | |||
| | perrow = 1/2 | |||
| | flag_size = | |||
| | image1 = Nhà thờ chính Văn miếu Trấn Biên.jpg | |||
| | image_seal = | |||
| | image2 = Thánh thất Bửu Hòa hướng chính diện - 09.2016.jpg | |||
| | seal_size = | |||
| | image3 = Cau Ghenh Bien Hoa vao nam 2010.jpg | |||
| | image_shield = | |||
| }} | |||
| | shield_size = | |||
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| imagesize = | ||
| | image_caption = From left to right, from top to bottom: ], Buddha Mau Buu Hoa shrine, ] | |||
| | blank_emblem_type = | |||
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| image_seal = Logo TP. Biên Hoà.svg | ||
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| | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|frame-width=280|frame-align=center|stroke-width=3}} | |||
| | dot_map_caption = | |||
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| mapsize = | ||
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| | image_map1 = | |||
| | pushpin_map = Vietnam <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map --> | |||
| | mapsize1 = | |||
| | pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | |||
| | map_caption1 = | |||
| | pushpin_map_caption = Location of in Vietnam | |||
| | |
| image_dot_map = | ||
| | dot_mapsize = | |||
| <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| | dot_map_caption = | |||
| | subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} | |||
| | |
| dot_x = | ||
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| dot_y = | ||
| | pushpin_map = Vietnam <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/Template:Location_map --> | |||
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| | pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | |||
| | subdivision_name2 = | |||
| | pushpin_map_caption = Location of in Vietnam | |||
| | seat_type = | |||
| | pushpin_mapsize = 200px | |||
| | seat = <!-- Politics -----------------> | |||
| <!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Country | |||
| | government_footnotes = | |||
| | subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}} | |||
| | government_type = | |||
| | subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| | leader_title = | |||
| | subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| | leader_name = | |||
| | subdivision_type2 = ] | |||
| | leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | |||
| | subdivision_name2 = ] | |||
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| seat = <!-- Politics -----------------> | ||
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| | leader_name = | |||
| | area_total_km2 = 263,08<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | |||
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| leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | ||
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| leader_name1 = | ||
| | established_title = <!-- Settled --> | |||
| | area_total_sq_mi = | |||
| | established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> | |||
| | area_land_sq_mi = | |||
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| area_magnitude = | ||
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| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric--> | ||
| | area_footnotes = | |||
| | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--> | |||
| | area_total_km2 = 263.62<!-- ALL fields with measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> | |||
| | elevation_m = | |||
| | area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion--> | |||
| | elevation_ft = | |||
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| area_water_km2 = | ||
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| area_total_sq_mi = | ||
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| area_land_sq_mi = | ||
| | area_water_sq_mi = | |||
| | elevation_min_ft = <!-- Population -----------------------> | |||
| | area_water_percent = <!-- Elevation --------------------------> | |||
| | population_as_of = 2022 | |||
| | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--> | |||
| | population_footnotes = | |||
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| elevation_m = | ||
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| | elevation_max_m = | |||
| | population_density_km2 = 4182 <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> | |||
| | elevation_max_ft = | |||
| | elevation_min_m = | |||
| | elevation_min_ft = <!-- Population -----------------------> | |||
| | population_as_of = 2024 | |||
| | population_footnotes = | |||
| | population_note = | |||
| | population_total = 1,575,000 | |||
| | population_density_km2 = auto <!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto --> | |||
| | population_density_sq_mi = | | population_density_sq_mi = | ||
| | blank_name |
| blank_name = ] | ||
| <!-- Start GDP ------------->| demographics_type1 = ] | |||
| | blank_info = ] | |||
| | demographics1_footnotes = | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|10|57|N|106|49|E|region:VN|display=inline}} | |||
| | demographics1_title1 = Year | |||
| | demographics1_info1 = 2023 | |||
| | demographics1_title2 = Total | |||
| | demographics1_info2 = $19.8 billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_vnm.pdf|publisher=Tellusant Public Service Series|title=TelluBase—Viet Nam Fact Sheet| access-date = 2024-07-31}}</ref> | |||
| | demographics1_title3 = Per capita | |||
| | demographics1_info3 = $17,800 | |||
| <!-- End GDP --------------->| blank_info = ] | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|10|57|N|106|49|E|region:VN|display=inline}} | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Biên Hòa''' (Northern accent: {{Audio|Bien Hoa Northern.ogg|listen|help=no}}, Southern accent: {{Audio|Bien Hoa Southern.ogg|listen|help=no}}) is the capital city of ], ] and part of the ] |
'''Biên Hòa''' (Northern accent: {{Audio|Bien Hoa Northern.ogg|listen|help=no}}, Southern accent: {{Audio|Bien Hoa Southern.ogg|listen|help=no}}) is the capital city of ], ], and is part of the ]. Situated northeast of ] (also known as ]), Biên Hòa is connected to it via ]. As a class-1 ], it is the ].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Báo Đồng Nai điện tử|title=Biên Hòa chính thức trở thành đô thị loại I|url=http://www.baodongnai.com.vn/tintuc/201601/bien-hoa-chinh-thuc-tro-thanh-do-thi-loai-i-2654518/}}</ref> | ||
| ==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
| ===Topography=== | ===Topography=== | ||
| Biên Hòa spans 264 square kilometers of midland terrain in |
Biên Hòa spans 264 square kilometers of midland terrain in western Đồng Nai Province. The majority of the city is situated to the east of the ]. | ||
| Biên Hòa shares borders with:<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Đồng Nai Province official website|title=Atlas Đồng Nai|url=http://atlas.dongnai.gov.vn/}}</ref> | Biên Hòa shares its borders with:<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Đồng Nai Province official website|title=Atlas Đồng Nai|url=http://atlas.dongnai.gov.vn/}}</ref> | ||
| *] to the east | *] to the east | ||
| *] to the west | *] to the west | ||
| Line 95: | Line 112: | ||
| === Administrative divisions === | === Administrative divisions === | ||
| Biên Hòa has 30 divisions (29 wards and 1 commune), |
Biên Hòa has 30 divisions (29 wards and 1 commune), including:<ref>{{cite web|publisher=UBND Thành phố Biên Hòa|title=Sơ đồ tổ chức|url=http://bienhoa.dongnai.gov.vn/Pages/gioithieu.aspx?CatID=102}}</ref> | ||
| {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| | {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| Line 130: | Line 147: | ||
| ==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
| In 1989 |
In 1989, Biên Hòa's population was estimated at 273,879. By 1999, it had grown to 435,400 and reached 701,194 in 2009.<ref> gso.gov.vn {{dead link|date=March 2024}}</ref> In December 2012, the city's population surpassed one million.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126051226/http://www.bienhoa.gov.vn/tin_noi_bat/mlfolder.2013-01-04.2171417158/mlfolder.2013-11-01.3813962953/mlnews.2013-11-21.2704336110 |date=26 November 2013 }}</ref> By 2019, it had increased to 1,055,414.<ref>{{cite web|page=34|publisher=Tổng cục Thống kê Việt Nam|title=Kết quả toàn bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019|url=http://tongdieutradanso.vn/uploads/data/6/files/files/Ket%20qua%20toan%20bo%20Tong%20dieu%20tra%20dan%20so%20va%20nha%20o%202019_ca%20bia_compressed.pdf}}</ref> | ||
| As of 2021, the city's population was 1,119,190.<ref name=baoxaydung>{{cite web|publisher=Báo Bộ Xây Dựng|title=Phát triển thành phố Biên Hòa, tỉnh Đồng Nai theo hướng hiện đại – xanh – thông minh|date=9 September 2022 |url=https://baoxaydung.com.vn/phat-trien-thanh-pho-bien-hoa-tinh-dong-nai-theo-huong-hien-dai-xanh-thong-minh-339705.html}}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Line 139: | Line 156: | ||
| ===Nguyễn dynasty=== | ===Nguyễn dynasty=== | ||
| ] | |||
| The ] on December 16, 1861, was an important allied victory in the ] (1858–62). This campaign, fought between the French and the Spanish on the one side and the Vietnamese (under the ]) on the other, began as a limited ] and ended as a French war of conquest. The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam. | |||
| The ] on 16 December 1861, was an important allied victory in the ] (1858–62). This campaign, fought between the French and the Spanish on the one side and the Vietnamese (under the ]) on the other, began as a limited ] and ended as a French war of conquest. The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam.{{fact|date=November 2024}} | |||
| ===Republic of Vietnam=== | ===Republic of Vietnam=== | ||
| Line 145: | Line 163: | ||
| ===Socialist Republic=== | ===Socialist Republic=== | ||
| Because of its large population of former refugees and their descendants who fled ]'s communist government in the mid-1950s, Biên Hòa was a center of resistance against the communist government in the months immediately following ] of the ].{{fact|date=November 2024}} | |||
| Like much of Vietnam, ] Biên Hòa suffered a period of severe economic decline between 1975 and the second half of the 1980s. However, after the government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam introduced ], a series of economic and political reforms in 1986, Biên Hòa experienced significant economic growth. The city and its surrounding areas attracted substantial foreign investment, leading to industrialization and development.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Nhân Dân Newspaper|title=Kỷ niệm 320 năm hình thành và phát triển Biên Hòa - Ðồng Nai|date=28 December 2018 |url=https://nhandan.vn/ky-niem-320-nam-hinh-thanh-va-phat-trien-bien-hoa-dong-nai-post345343.html}}</ref> | |||
| By 2005, Biên Hòa had become an industrial hub of southern Vietnam. Many factories and warehouses (often funded in collaboration with Japanese, Singaporean, American, Swiss and other foreign investors) operate in the areas surrounding the city. | |||
| With regard to entertainment, the city includes several |
With regard to entertainment, the city includes several amusement parks, nightclubs and restaurants lining the ]. Construction has increased rapidly, with many Western-style houses and villas under development. The real estate market has experienced a series of boom cycles since the mid-1990s.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Tuổi Trẻ Newspaper|title=Bất động sản Biên Hoà bùng nổ trong năm 2018|date=16 March 2018 |url=https://tuoitre.vn/bat-dong-san-bien-hoa-bung-no-trong-nam-2018-20180315175311323.htm}}</ref> | ||
| Biên Hòa |
Biên Hòa is home to ] (also known as Biên Hòa Military Cemetery), a large national cemetery for fallen soldiers and military officials of the former ] (]). After the ], the cemetery was ransacked and subsequently abandoned.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-01 |title=Excavations of Burial Sites at Vietnamese Re-Education Camps by The Returning Casualty |url=https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2012/03/01/excavations-of-burial-sites-at-vietnamese-re-education-camps-by-the-returning-casualty/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Southeast Asian Archaeology |language=en-GB}}</ref> The Vietnamese American Foundation, also known as The Returning Casualty, is working to restore the cemetery and excavate a nearby mass grave of approximately 200 ARVN soldiers.<ref name=martin>, Julie Martin, MSc in Forensic Archaeology and Anthropology candidate, Cranfield University UK, from south-eastasianarchaeology.com</ref> | ||
| At the end of 2015, the ] issued Decision No.2488/QD-TTg recognizing Biên Hòa as a class-1 provincial city.<ref name="Thư viện pháp luật">{{cite web|publisher=Thư viện Pháp luật|title=Quyết định 2488/QĐ-TTg năm 2015 về việc công nhận thành phố Biên Hòa là đô thị loại I trực thuộc tỉnh Đồng Nai do Thủ tướng Chính phủ ban hành|url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Xay-dung-Do-thi/Quyet-dinh-2488-QD-TTg-2015-cong-nhan-thanh-pho-Bien-Hoa-la-do-thi-loai-I-thuoc-tinh-Dong-Nai-394181.aspx}}</ref> | At the end of 2015, the ] issued Decision No.2488/QD-TTg recognizing Biên Hòa as a class-1 provincial city.<ref name="Thư viện pháp luật">{{cite web|publisher=Thư viện Pháp luật|title=Quyết định 2488/QĐ-TTg năm 2015 về việc công nhận thành phố Biên Hòa là đô thị loại I trực thuộc tỉnh Đồng Nai do Thủ tướng Chính phủ ban hành|date=21 November 2020 |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Xay-dung-Do-thi/Quyet-dinh-2488-QD-TTg-2015-cong-nhan-thanh-pho-Bien-Hoa-la-do-thi-loai-I-thuoc-tinh-Dong-Nai-394181.aspx}}</ref> | ||
| ==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
| Biên Hòa is |
Biên Hòa is a key industrial hub in southern Vietnam. There are six industrial zones: | ||
| *Biên Hòa I Industrial |
*Biên Hòa I Industrial Park. The country’s oldest industrial park, covering 340 hectares, is set to be converted into an urban, commercial, and service area by the end of 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=A glimpse into Vietnam's oldest industrial park before it's gone |url=https://e.vnexpress.net/photo/news/a-glimpse-into-vietnams-oldest-industrial-park-before-its-gone-4721057.html |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=VnExpress}} | ||
| </ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vietnam's oldest industrial park to be converted into urban area |url=https://tuoitrenews.vn/news/society/20240305/vietnams-oldest-industrial-park-to-be-converted-into-urban-area/78601.html |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=Tuoi Tre News}}</ref> | |||
| *Biên Hòa II Industrial Zone, 365 ha | *Biên Hòa II Industrial Zone, 365 ha | ||
| *Amata Industrial Park, 674 ha. This is the first investment project of ] in Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Vietnamnet|title=Amata to build two more industrial-urban complexes in Vietnam|url=https://vietnamnet.vn/en/amata-to-build-two-more-industrial-urban-complexes-in-vietnam-E149098.html}}</ref> | *Amata Industrial Park, 674 ha. This is the first investment project of ] in Vietnam.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Vietnamnet|title=Amata to build two more industrial-urban complexes in Vietnam|url=https://vietnamnet.vn/en/amata-to-build-two-more-industrial-urban-complexes-in-vietnam-E149098.html}}</ref> | ||
| Line 181: | Line 200: | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| == |
==Environment== | ||
| ] served as the main storage and handling site for ] during the ] and remains the largest ] hotspot in Vietnam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Dioxin Remediation at Bien Hoa Air Base Area Project {{!}} Vietnam {{!}} Fact Sheet |url=https://www.usaid.gov/vietnam/fact-sheets/dioxin-remediation-bien-hoa-airbase-area |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=U.S. Agency for International Development |language=en}}</ref> U.S. and Vietnamese authorities are working to clean up the affected areas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news | title = Vietnam, US finish first part of dioxin cleanup at Bien Hoa airbase | url = https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/vietnam-us-finish-first-part-of-dioxin-cleanup-at-bien-hoa-airbase-4224110.html | newspaper = VNExpress }}</ref> | |||
| ==Notable landmarks== | ==Notable landmarks== | ||
| *] has been recognised as national historical relic.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Việt Nam News|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/301602/tran-bien-temple-recognised.html|title=Trấn Biên Temple recognised|accessdate=24 August 2016}}</ref> ] is the only ancient citadel in the ] that still exists today.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Việt Nam National Administration of Tourism|url=https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/en/post/8055|title=Work starts on restoration of ancient citadel in Dong Nai|accessdate=4 December 2014}}</ref> ] worships ], the General had a huge contribution in the ]. | *] has been recognised as national historical relic.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Việt Nam News|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/301602/tran-bien-temple-recognised.html|title=Trấn Biên Temple recognised|accessdate=24 August 2016}}</ref> ] is the only ancient citadel in the ] that still exists today.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Việt Nam National Administration of Tourism|url=https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/en/post/8055|title=Work starts on restoration of ancient citadel in Dong Nai|accessdate=4 December 2014}}</ref> ] worships ], the General had a huge contribution in the ]. | ||
| *Sonadezi Building - the first skyscraper in Biên Hòa city and Đồng Nai province | |||
| *The Mira Central Park Hotel - the highest hotel building in Biên Hòa | |||
| *The Pegasus Plaza - the highest twin building in Biên Hòa | |||
| *Universe Complex: Dynamic - the current highest building in Biên Hòa | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *Hóa An Bridge | |||
| *] (1901-1904) - designed by company associated with ]; 2 spans destroyed 2016 and new bridge to be built after 2025 | |||
| *] (1903) - outer spans designed by company associated with ]; inner span added during Vietnam War<ref>{{Cite web |date= |
*] (1901-1904) - designed by company associated with ]; 2 spans was collapsed in 2016 and new bridge was built months later in the same year | ||
| *] (1903) - outer spans designed by company associated with ]; inner span added during Vietnam War<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2018 |title=Cầu Rạch Cát (Rach Cat Bridge) |url=https://historicbridges.org/bridges/browser/?bridgebrowser=vietnam/caurachcat/ |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=HistoricBridges.org}}</ref> | |||
| *] | |||
| ==Sister city== | ==Sister city== | ||
| * {{Flagicon|South Korea}} ], ], ]<ref>{{cite web |title=자매도시|url=http://www.gimhae.go.kr/00954/01020/01066.web|website=gimhae.go.kr|publisher=Gimhae|language=ko|access-date= |
* {{Flagicon|South Korea}} ], ], ]<ref>{{cite web |title=자매도시|url=http://www.gimhae.go.kr/00954/01020/01066.web|website=gimhae.go.kr|publisher=Gimhae|language=ko|access-date=15 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
| * {{Flagicon|Laos}} ], ], ]<ref>{{cite web |title=TP.Biên Hòa và TP.Pakse tăng cường hợp tác hữu nghị (English: Bien Hoa and Pakse strengthen friendship cooperation)|url=http://baodongnai.com.vn/tintuc/202208/tpbien-hoa-va-tppakse-tang-cuong-hop-tac-huu-nghi-3130319/|publisher=Đồng Nai Newspaper|access-date= |
* {{Flagicon|Laos}} ], ], ]<ref>{{cite web |title=TP.Biên Hòa và TP.Pakse tăng cường hợp tác hữu nghị (English: Bien Hoa and Pakse strengthen friendship cooperation)|url=http://baodongnai.com.vn/tintuc/202208/tpbien-hoa-va-tppakse-tang-cuong-hop-tac-huu-nghi-3130319/|publisher=Đồng Nai Newspaper|access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:39, 2 January 2025
For the former South Vietnamese province with the same name, see Biên Hòa Province.
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese. (March 2024) Click for important translation instructions.
|
| Biên Hòa | |
|---|---|
| Provincial city (Class-1) | |
| Biên Hòa City Thành phố Biên Hòa | |
   From left to right, from top to bottom: Trấn Biên Temple of Literature, Buddha Mau Buu Hoa shrine, Ghềnh bridge | |
 Seal | |
  Biên HòaLocation of in Vietnam | |
| Coordinates: 10°57′N 106°49′E / 10.950°N 106.817°E / 10.950; 106.817 | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Province | Đồng Nai |
| Region | Southeast |
| Area | |
| • Total | 263.62 km (101.78 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,575,000 |
| • Density | 6,000/km (15,000/sq mi) |
| Metro GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values) | |
| • Year | 2023 |
| • Total | $19.8 billion |
| • Per capita | $17,800 |
| Climate | Aw |
Biên Hòa (Northern accent: listen, Southern accent: listen) is the capital city of Đồng Nai Province, Vietnam, and is part of the Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area. Situated northeast of Ho Chi Minh City (also known as Saigon), Biên Hòa is connected to it via National Route 1. As a class-1 provincial city, it is the sixth largest city in Vietnam by population.
Geography
Topography
Biên Hòa spans 264 square kilometers of midland terrain in western Đồng Nai Province. The majority of the city is situated to the east of the Đồng Nai River.
Biên Hòa shares its borders with:
- Trảng Bom district to the east
- Bình Dương Province to the west
- Long Thành district and Ho Chi Minh City to the south
- Vĩnh Cửu district to the North
Administrative divisions
Biên Hòa has 30 divisions (29 wards and 1 commune), including:
- An Bình
- An Hòa
- Bình Đa
- Bửu Hòa
- Bửu Long
- Hiệp Hòa
- Hóa An
- Hòa Bình
- Hố Nai
- Long Bình
- Long Bình Tân
- Phước Tân
- Quang Vinh
- Quyết Thắng
- Tam Hiệp
- Tam Hòa
- Tam Phước
- Tân Biên
- Tân Hạnh
- Tân Hòa
- Tân Hiệp
- Tân Mai
- Tân Phong
- Tân Tiến
- Tân Vạn
- Thanh Bình
- Thống Nhất
- Trảng Dài
- Trung Dũng
- Commune of Long Hưng
Demographics
In 1989, Biên Hòa's population was estimated at 273,879. By 1999, it had grown to 435,400 and reached 701,194 in 2009. In December 2012, the city's population surpassed one million. By 2019, it had increased to 1,055,414.
As of 2021, the city's population was 1,119,190.
History
Nguyễn dynasty
The capture of Biên Hòa on 16 December 1861, was an important allied victory in the Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62). This campaign, fought between the French and the Spanish on the one side and the Vietnamese (under the Nguyễn dynasty) on the other, began as a limited punitive expedition and ended as a French war of conquest. The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam.
Republic of Vietnam
Biên Hòa grew into a major suburb of Saigon as the capital city of the Republic of (South) Vietnam grew. Following the First Indochina War, tens of thousands of refugees from the northern and central regions of Vietnam—a large portion of whom were Roman Catholics—resettled in Biên Hòa as part of Operation Passage to Freedom. During the Vietnam War, the United States Air Force operated Biên Hòa Air Base near the city. Mortar attacks on U.S. and ARVN targets were frequently staged from residential districts in Biên Hòa. Two of the better-known attacks took place during Tết of 1968 as well as 1969.
Socialist Republic
Because of its large population of former refugees and their descendants who fled North Vietnam's communist government in the mid-1950s, Biên Hòa was a center of resistance against the communist government in the months immediately following the fall of the Republic of Vietnam.
Like much of Vietnam, post-war Biên Hòa suffered a period of severe economic decline between 1975 and the second half of the 1980s. However, after the government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam introduced Đổi Mới, a series of economic and political reforms in 1986, Biên Hòa experienced significant economic growth. The city and its surrounding areas attracted substantial foreign investment, leading to industrialization and development.
By 2005, Biên Hòa had become an industrial hub of southern Vietnam. Many factories and warehouses (often funded in collaboration with Japanese, Singaporean, American, Swiss and other foreign investors) operate in the areas surrounding the city.
With regard to entertainment, the city includes several amusement parks, nightclubs and restaurants lining the Đồng Nai River. Construction has increased rapidly, with many Western-style houses and villas under development. The real estate market has experienced a series of boom cycles since the mid-1990s.
Biên Hòa is home to Bình An Cemetery (also known as Biên Hòa Military Cemetery), a large national cemetery for fallen soldiers and military officials of the former Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). After the fall of Saigon, the cemetery was ransacked and subsequently abandoned. The Vietnamese American Foundation, also known as The Returning Casualty, is working to restore the cemetery and excavate a nearby mass grave of approximately 200 ARVN soldiers.
At the end of 2015, the Prime Minister of Vietnam issued Decision No.2488/QD-TTg recognizing Biên Hòa as a class-1 provincial city.
Economy
Biên Hòa is a key industrial hub in southern Vietnam. There are six industrial zones:
- Biên Hòa I Industrial Park. The country’s oldest industrial park, covering 340 hectares, is set to be converted into an urban, commercial, and service area by the end of 2025.
- Biên Hòa II Industrial Zone, 365 ha
- Amata Industrial Park, 674 ha. This is the first investment project of Amata Corporation in Vietnam.
- Long Bình Industrial Zone Development
- Agtex Long Bình Industrial Park - AGTEX 28, 43 ha
- Tam Phước Industrial Park, 323 ha
Sanyang Motor's Vietnam Manufacturing & Export Processing Co., Ltd. (VMEP) is located in Biên Hòa.
Transport
- National Route 1, National Route 51, and National Route 1K pass through the city.
- Hồ Chí Minh Bridge leads out of the south of the city.
- Biên Hòa station on the North–South Railway also leads out of the city.
- Bien Hoa Air Base is one of the biggest air bases in Vietnam.
- Đồng Nai port is located on Đồng Nai river.
Education
- Dong Nai University
- Lạc Hồng University
- Lương Thế Vinh High School for the Gifted
- Ngo Quyen High School
Environment
Biên Hòa Air Base served as the main storage and handling site for Agent Orange during the Vietnam War and remains the largest dioxin hotspot in Vietnam. U.S. and Vietnamese authorities are working to clean up the affected areas.
Notable landmarks
- Trấn Biên Literature Temple has been recognised as national historical relic. Ancient Citadel of Biên Hòa is the only ancient citadel in the Southern Vietnam that still exists today. Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh Temple worships Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh, the General had a huge contribution in the Nam tiến.
- Sonadezi Building - the first skyscraper in Biên Hòa city and Đồng Nai province
- The Mira Central Park Hotel - the highest hotel building in Biên Hòa
- The Pegasus Plaza - the highest twin building in Biên Hòa
- Universe Complex: Dynamic - the current highest building in Biên Hòa
- Đồng Nai Bridge
- Hóa An Bridge
- Ghềnh Bridge (1901-1904) - designed by company associated with Gustave Eiffel; 2 spans was collapsed in 2016 and new bridge was built months later in the same year
- Rạch Cát Bridge (1903) - outer spans designed by company associated with Gustave Eiffel; inner span added during Vietnam War
Sister city
References
- "TelluBase—Viet Nam Fact Sheet" (PDF). Tellusant Public Service Series. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- "Biên Hòa chính thức trở thành đô thị loại I". Báo Đồng Nai điện tử.
- "Atlas Đồng Nai". Đồng Nai Province official website.
- "Sơ đồ tổ chức". UBND Thành phố Biên Hòa.
- Population module gso.gov.vn
- Chào mừng Hội nghị hiệp hội các đô thị Việt Nam diễn ra tại thành phố Biên Hòa — Trang thông tin điện tử thành phố Biên Hòa Archived 26 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- "Kết quả toàn bộ tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019" (PDF). Tổng cục Thống kê Việt Nam. p. 34.
- "Phát triển thành phố Biên Hòa, tỉnh Đồng Nai theo hướng hiện đại – xanh – thông minh". Báo Bộ Xây Dựng. 9 September 2022.
- Pike, Thomas F., Operations & Intelligence, III Corps Reporting: Tet 1969, 2016, ISBN 978-1-534-79903-5, pp 91-103.
- "Kỷ niệm 320 năm hình thành và phát triển Biên Hòa - Ðồng Nai". Nhân Dân Newspaper. 28 December 2018.
- "Bất động sản Biên Hoà bùng nổ trong năm 2018". Tuổi Trẻ Newspaper. 16 March 2018.
- "Excavations of Burial Sites at Vietnamese Re-Education Camps by The Returning Casualty". Southeast Asian Archaeology. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- Excavations of Burial Sites at Vietnamese Re-Education Camps by The Returning Casualty, Julie Martin, MSc in Forensic Archaeology and Anthropology candidate, Cranfield University UK, from south-eastasianarchaeology.com
- "Quyết định 2488/QĐ-TTg năm 2015 về việc công nhận thành phố Biên Hòa là đô thị loại I trực thuộc tỉnh Đồng Nai do Thủ tướng Chính phủ ban hành". Thư viện Pháp luật. 21 November 2020.
- "A glimpse into Vietnam's oldest industrial park before it's gone". VnExpress. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- "Vietnam's oldest industrial park to be converted into urban area". Tuoi Tre News. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- "Amata to build two more industrial-urban complexes in Vietnam". Vietnamnet.
- ^ "Dioxin Remediation at Bien Hoa Air Base Area Project | Vietnam | Fact Sheet". U.S. Agency for International Development. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
- "Vietnam, US finish first part of dioxin cleanup at Bien Hoa airbase". VNExpress.
- "Trấn Biên Temple recognised". Việt Nam News. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
- "Work starts on restoration of ancient citadel in Dong Nai". Việt Nam National Administration of Tourism. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- "Cầu Rạch Cát (Rach Cat Bridge)". HistoricBridges.org. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2022.
- "자매도시". gimhae.go.kr (in Korean). Gimhae. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
- "TP.Biên Hòa và TP.Pakse tăng cường hợp tác hữu nghị (English: Bien Hoa and Pakse strengthen friendship cooperation)". Đồng Nai Newspaper. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
| Đồng Nai province | ||
|---|---|---|
| Capital: Biên Hòa | ||
| Biên Hòa |  | |
| Long Khánh |
| |
| Cẩm Mỹ District |
| |
| Định Quán District |
| |
| Long Thành District |
| |
| Nhơn Trạch District |
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| Tân Phú District | ||
| Thống Nhất District |
| |
| Trảng Bom District |
| |
| Vĩnh Cửu District | ||
| Xuân Lộc District | ||
| Popular Place | ||
10°57′N 106°49′E / 10.950°N 106.817°E / 10.950; 106.817
