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|c=一九三四年的逃亡 |c=一九三四年的逃亡
|p=Yījiǔsānsì Nián de Táowáng |p=Yījiǔsānsì Nián de Táowáng
|w={{tone superscript|I1-chiu3-san1-ssu4 Nien2 te T'ao2-wang2<!--Tang Xiaobing uses Wade Giles-->}}
}} }}
'''''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes''''' ({{zh|c=一九三四年的逃亡|p=Yījiǔsānsì Nián de Táowáng}}) is a novella by ], first published in 1987.<ref name=McDougallLouiep418>McDougall and Louie, p. .</ref> '''''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes''''' ({{zh|c=一九三四年的逃亡|p=Yījiǔsānsì Nián de Táowáng}}) is a novella by ], first published in 1987.<ref name=McDougallLouiep418>McDougall and Louie, p. .</ref> In 1990 it was published by {{ill|Yuan-Liou Publishing Co.|zh|遠流出版公司}} (遠流出版公司) in a collection with the novella '']'' (which there is titled under its original Chinese title, ''Wives and Concubines'', which is also was the title of the entire volume).<ref>Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle," p. 219.</ref>


This, told in the first person, is about an impoverished peasant family.<ref name=PW>{{cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-688-12217-1|title=Raise the Red Lantern: Three Novellas|magazine=]|date=1993-06-28|accessdate=2022-09-16}}</ref> This, told in the first person, is about an impoverished peasant family.<ref name=PW>{{cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-688-12217-1|title=Raise the Red Lantern: Three Novellas|magazine=]|date=1993-06-28|accessdate=2022-09-16}}</ref>
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The novella was translated into English by Michael S. Duke, and this translation was published as a collection of stories by Su Tong, named '']: Three Novellas'', published by ] in 1993. This collection also includes the novellas ''Raise the Red Lantern'' and '']''.<ref name=Krist>{{cite web|last=Krist|first=Gary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/books/the-junior-wifes-story.html|title=The Junior Wife's Story|newspaper=]|date=1993-07-25|accessdate=2022-09-08}}</ref> The novella was translated into English by Michael S. Duke, and this translation was published as a collection of stories by Su Tong, named '']: Three Novellas'', published by ] in 1993. This collection also includes the novellas ''Raise the Red Lantern'' and '']''.<ref name=Krist>{{cite web|last=Krist|first=Gary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/books/the-junior-wifes-story.html|title=The Junior Wife's Story|newspaper=]|date=1993-07-25|accessdate=2022-09-08}}</ref>


''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes'' and ''Opium Family'' take place in a fictional location called "Maple Village". Yingjin Zhang of ] compared Maple Village to ].<ref>Zhang, p. 185.</ref> ''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes'' and ''Opium Family'' take place in a fictional location called "Maple Village". Yingjin Zhang of ] compared Maple Village to ].<ref>Zhang, Yingjin, p. 185.</ref> This location is in the south of the country.<ref name=ChoyHYFp138>Choy, H. Y.F., p. .</ref>


==Plot== ==Plot==
{{expand section|date=January 2025}} {{expand section|date=January 2025}}
The narration focuses on Grandmother Jiang,<ref name=TangXBp235>{{cite book|last=Tang|first=Xiaobing|title=Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian|publisher=]|date=2000-04-03|page=}}</ref> and the story is set in the 1934. There is a narrator who talks about his family.<ref name=Knightp96>Knight, p. 96.</ref> Jiang has six children.<ref name=TangXBp235/> The narration focuses on Grandmother Jiang.{{#tag:ref|''Jiang'': {{zh|first=s|s=蒋|t=蔣|p=Jiǎng|w=Chiang3<!--Tang Xiaobing uses Wade Giles-->}}|group=note}}<ref name=TangXBChineseModernp235>{{cite book|last=Tang|first=Xiaobing|title=Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian|publisher=]|date=2000-04-03|page=}}</ref> She is married to Chen Baonian,{{#tag:ref|''Chen Baonian'': {{zh|first=s|s=陈宝年|t=陳寶年|p=Chén Bǎonián|w=Ch'en2 Pao3-nien2<!--W-G from Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle" p. 219, also Chinese women often do not adopt the husband's surname, which is why the wife has a different surname from the husband-->|labels=no}}|group=note}} who goes to the city to do business. Jiang finds a woman Chen Baonian is cheating on her with, Huanzi{{#tag:ref|''Huanzi'': {{zh|s=环子|t=環子|p=Huánzǐ|w=Huan2-tzu3<!--W-G from Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle" p. 219-->|labels=no}}|group=note}}. Jiang and Huanzi get engaged in a conflict.<ref name=ChoyHYFp138/> Grandmother Jiang has seven children.<ref name=TangXBMirrorp211>Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle," p. 211.</ref>


The story is set in 1934. The year is used as a dividing line between pre-industrialized and industrialized society in the country, and ] stated that the year was not considered important in Chinese history, but that it is within the work.<ref>{{cite book|last=Liu|first=Zaifu|chapter=From the Monologic Era to the Polyphonic Era|editor1=Howard Y.F. Choy|editor2=Jianmei Liu|title=Liu Zaifu: Selected Critical Essays|publisher=]|place=]|date=2021-06-17|pages=-}} - Cited: p. - The chapter was translated by Ke Wei and Torbjörn Lodén, while other chapters had different translators.</ref>
By the end of the novella, all of the children are dead.<ref name=TangXBp235/> Deirdre Sabina Knight wrote that "fatalism" is a feature of the work.<ref name=Knightp96/>

There is a narrator who talks about his family.<ref name=Knightp96>Knight, p. 96.</ref> The narrator does not reveal his name, and feels that he does not have a great existence compared to his family.<ref name=TangXBMirrorp211/>

In the story there is a farmer named Chen Wenzhi{{#tag:ref|''Chen Wenzhi'': {{zh|first=s|s=陈文治|t=陳文治|p=Chén Wénzhì|w=Ch'en2 Wen2-chih4|labels=no}}<!--Chinese name in Tang XB Mirror p. 219-->|group=note}}, who engaged in voyeurism.<ref name=TangXBMirrorp213>Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle," p. 213.</ref>

By the end of the novella, six of the children are dead.<ref name=TangXBMirrorp211/> Sabina Knight{{#tag:ref|''Sabina Knight'': She was formerly known as Deirdre Sabina Knight, and her Chinese name is: {{zh|s=桑禀华|t=桑稟華|p=Sāng Bǐnghuá|labels=no}}<!--From https://www.smith.edu/sites/default/files/2024-10/Sabina_Knight_CV2024.pdf-->|group=note}} wrote that "fatalism" is a feature of the work.<ref name=Knightp96/> Tang Xiaobing states that the family experiences "gradual but no less violent disintegration and dispersal".<ref name=TangXBMirrorp211/>


==Reception== ==Reception==
{{expand section|date=January 2025}} {{expand section|date=January 2025}}
Xiaobing Tang, in ''Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian'', described the novella's plot as "complex and seminal".<ref name=TangXBp235/> Xiaobing Tang, in ''Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian'', described the novella's plot as "complex and seminal".<ref name=TangXBChineseModernp235/>


In ''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes'' and ''Opium Family'' Duke had stated "that wherever the English seems strange it is because the Chinese was also purposefully so".<ref name=Krist>{{cite web|last=Krist|first=Gary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/books/the-junior-wifes-story.html|title=The Junior Wife's Story|newspaper=]|date=1993-07-25|accessdate=2022-09-08}}</ref> Gary Krist of '']'' felt these translations had a "rambling nature" that became "merely awkward, unrevealing and occasionally tedious."<ref name=Krist/> Because of Duke's statement, Krist was unsure whether the awkwardness came from Su Tong or from Duke.<ref name=Krist/> '']'' stated that a "hand-me-down quality of oral history" where the reader is unsure of the truth is reflected in ''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes''.<ref name=PW/> In ''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes'' and ''Opium Family'' Duke had stated "that wherever the English seems strange it is because the Chinese was also purposefully so".<ref name=Krist>{{cite web|last=Krist|first=Gary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/25/books/the-junior-wifes-story.html|title=The Junior Wife's Story|newspaper=]|date=1993-07-25|accessdate=2022-09-08}}</ref> Gary Krist of '']'' felt these translations had a "rambling nature" that became "merely awkward, unrevealing and occasionally tedious."<ref name=Krist/> Because of Duke's statement, Krist was unsure whether the awkwardness came from Su Tong or from Duke.<ref name=Krist/> '']'' stated that a "hand-me-down quality of oral history" where the reader is unsure of the truth is reflected in ''Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes''.<ref name=PW/>

==Notes==

===Names in other languages===
{{Reflist|group=note}}


==References== ==References==
* {{cite journal|last=Knight|first=Deirdre Sabina|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41490774|title=Decadence, Revolution and Self-Determination in Su Tong's Fiction|journal=]|volume=10|issue=1/2|date=Spring–Fall 1998|pages=91–111|jstor=41490774 }} * {{cite journal|last=Choy|first=Howard Yuen Fung|title=Remapping the Past: Fictions of History in Deng's China, 1979 -1997|journal=]|year=2008|isbn=<!--9004167048-->9789004167049}}
* {{cite journal|last=Knight|first=Deirdre Sabina|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41490774|title=Decadence, Revolution and Self-Determination in Su Tong's Fiction|journal=]|volume=10|issue=1/2|date=Spring–Fall 1998|pages=91–111|jstor=41490774 }}<!--On her CV https://www.smith.edu/sites/default/files/2024-10/Sabina_Knight_CV2024.pdf her Chinese name is indicated, and now she is known as just "Sabina Knight" in English-->
* {{cite book|last1=McDougall|first2=Bonnie S.|last2=Louie|first2=Kam|title=The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century|publisher=]|year=1997}} * {{cite book|last1=McDougall|first1=Bonnie S.|last2=Louie|first2=Kam|title=The Literature of China in the Twentieth Century|publisher=]|year=1997}}
* {{cite journal|last=Tang|first=Xiaobing|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41490700|title=The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle: Reflections on Hsiao Yeh and Su T'ung|journal=]|volume=6|issue=1/2: Special Issue on Contemporary Chinese Fiction from Taiwan|date=Spring–Fall 1992|pages=203-220 (18 pages|publisher=]|jstor=41490700}}
* {{cite journal|last=Zhang|first=Yingjin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/495325|title=''Raise the Red Lantern: Three Novellas'' by Su Tong, Michael S. Duke|journal=]|volume=16|date=December 1994|pages=185–187|doi=10.2307/495325 |jstor=495325}} * {{cite journal|last=Zhang|first=Yingjin|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/495325|title=''Raise the Red Lantern: Three Novellas'' by Su Tong, Michael S. Duke|journal=]|volume=16|date=December 1994|pages=185–187|doi=10.2307/495325 |jstor=495325}}


===Notes=== ===Notes===
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last=Su|first=Tong|chapter=一九三四年的逃亡|trans-chapter=Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes|title=妻妾成群|trans-title=Wives and Concubines|place=Taipei|publisher={{ill|Yuan-Liou Publishing Co.|zh|遠流出版公司}}|year=1990|pages=13–78}}


==External links== ==External links==

Latest revision as of 17:21, 3 January 2025

Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes
Chinese一九三四年的逃亡
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYījiǔsānsì Nián de Táowáng
Wade–GilesI-chiu-san-ssu Nien te T'ao-wang

Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes (Chinese: 一九三四年的逃亡; pinyin: Yījiǔsānsì Nián de Táowáng) is a novella by Su Tong, first published in 1987. In 1990 it was published by Yuan-Liou Publishing Co. [zh] (遠流出版公司) in a collection with the novella Raise the Red Lantern (which there is titled under its original Chinese title, Wives and Concubines, which is also was the title of the entire volume).

This, told in the first person, is about an impoverished peasant family.

The novella was translated into English by Michael S. Duke, and this translation was published as a collection of stories by Su Tong, named Raise the Red Lantern: Three Novellas, published by William Morrow & Company in 1993. This collection also includes the novellas Raise the Red Lantern and Opium Family.

Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes and Opium Family take place in a fictional location called "Maple Village". Yingjin Zhang of Indiana University compared Maple Village to Yoknapatawpha County. This location is in the south of the country.

Plot

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2025)

The narration focuses on Grandmother Jiang. She is married to Chen Baonian, who goes to the city to do business. Jiang finds a woman Chen Baonian is cheating on her with, Huanzi. Jiang and Huanzi get engaged in a conflict. Grandmother Jiang has seven children.

The story is set in 1934. The year is used as a dividing line between pre-industrialized and industrialized society in the country, and Liu Zaifu stated that the year was not considered important in Chinese history, but that it is within the work.

There is a narrator who talks about his family. The narrator does not reveal his name, and feels that he does not have a great existence compared to his family.

In the story there is a farmer named Chen Wenzhi, who engaged in voyeurism.

By the end of the novella, six of the children are dead. Sabina Knight wrote that "fatalism" is a feature of the work. Tang Xiaobing states that the family experiences "gradual but no less violent disintegration and dispersal".

Reception

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2025)

Xiaobing Tang, in Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian, described the novella's plot as "complex and seminal".

In Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes and Opium Family Duke had stated "that wherever the English seems strange it is because the Chinese was also purposefully so". Gary Krist of The New York Times felt these translations had a "rambling nature" that became "merely awkward, unrevealing and occasionally tedious." Because of Duke's statement, Krist was unsure whether the awkwardness came from Su Tong or from Duke. Publishers Weekly stated that a "hand-me-down quality of oral history" where the reader is unsure of the truth is reflected in Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes.

Notes

Names in other languages

  1. Jiang: simplified Chinese: 蒋; traditional Chinese: 蔣; pinyin: Jiǎng; Wade–Giles: Chiang
  2. Chen Baonian: 陈宝年; 陳寶年; Chén Bǎonián; Ch'en Pao-nien
  3. Huanzi: 环子; 環子; Huánzǐ; Huan-tzu
  4. Chen Wenzhi: 陈文治; 陳文治; Chén Wénzhì; Ch'en Wen-chih
  5. Sabina Knight: She was formerly known as Deirdre Sabina Knight, and her Chinese name is: 桑禀华; 桑稟華; Sāng Bǐnghuá

References

Notes

  1. McDougall and Louie, p. 418.
  2. Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle," p. 219.
  3. ^ "Raise the Red Lantern: Three Novellas". Publishers Weekly. 1993-06-28. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
  4. ^ Krist, Gary (1993-07-25). "The Junior Wife's Story". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
  5. Zhang, Yingjin, p. 185.
  6. ^ Choy, H. Y.F., p. 138.
  7. ^ Tang, Xiaobing (2000-04-03). Chinese Modern: The Heroic and the Quotidian. Duke University Press. p. 235.
  8. ^ Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle," p. 211.
  9. Liu, Zaifu (2021-06-17). "From the Monologic Era to the Polyphonic Era". In Howard Y.F. Choy; Jianmei Liu (eds.). Liu Zaifu: Selected Critical Essays. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 93-. - Cited: p. 110 - The chapter was translated by Ke Wei and Torbjörn Lodén, while other chapters had different translators.
  10. ^ Knight, p. 96.
  11. Tang, Xiaobing, "The Mirror of History and History as Spectacle," p. 213.

Further reading

  • Su, Tong (1990). "一九三四年的逃亡" [Nineteen Thirty-four Escapes]. 妻妾成群 [Wives and Concubines]. Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Co. [zh]. pp. 13–78.

External links

Works by Su Tong
Novels/Novellas
Adaptations
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