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{{Short description|Iraqi-Jordanian battle against Israel in 1948}}
⚫ {{coord|32|38|30.3|N|35|34|2.6|E|display=title}}
{{Infobox military conflict {{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Gesher | conflict = Battle of Gesher
| place = ], ] | place = ], ]
| image = Gesher Bnot Yaakov - Jisr Benat Yakub - 1918 - 7256073.jpg | image = Gesher Bnot Yaakov - Jisr Benat Yakub - 1918 - 7256073.jpg
⚫ | coordinates = {{coord|32|38|30.3|N|35|34|02.6|E}}
| result = Israeli victory | result = Israeli victory
| combatants_header = Belligerents | combatants_header = Belligerents
| combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}} | combatant1 = {{flag|Israel}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Emirate of Transjordan.svg}} ]<br/>{{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} ] | combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Emirate of Transjordan.svg}} ]<br/>{{flagicon|Iraq|1924}} ]
| casualties1 = Unknown | casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 6-21 armoured cars<br>Infantry unknown | casualties2 = 6–21 armoured cars<br>Infantry unknown
| caption = Bridge connecting Kibbutz Gesher to Naharayim ~1918 | caption = Bridge connecting Kibbutz Gesher to Naharayim c. 1918
| partof = the ] | partof = the ]
| date = 14–22 May 1948 | date = 14–22 May 1948
| strength1 = 2 Infantry battalions<br>2 French cannons | strength1 = 2 infantry battalions<br>2 French cannons
| strength2 = 2 infantry battalions<br>1 armoured battalion<br>1 artillery company | strength2 = 2 infantry battalions<br>1 armoured battalion<br>1 artillery company
| map_type = Mandatory Palestine | map_type = Mandatory Palestine
Line 20: Line 21:
}} }}


The '''Battle of Gesher''' was a Joint ]-] Advance against the newly created ] and engaged specifically with the ] during the larger ] on May 14–22, 1948. The Battle began when the Jewish Exclave of ] on the 14th of May was stormed by Arab Forces<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2008 |title=Battle of Gesher |url=https://zionism-israel.com/dic/Gesher.htm}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=1948: A History of The First Arab-Israeli War | isbn=9780300151121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1eVPwAACAAJ| last1=Morris | first1=Benny | date=April 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tal |first=David |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/881747492 |title=War in Palestine, 1948 : strategy and diplomacy |publisher=] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-415-76137-6 |oclc=881747492}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Timeline of Arab Israeli War |url=https://balagan.info/timeline-of-the-1948-arab-israeli-war}}</ref> in an attempt to reach the town of ] and link with the First Yarmouk Brigade of the ]. The battle was a tactical Israeli victory as the Iraqi Army would simply move south to the cities of ] and ] to take over the Samarian Front resulting in the halting of the advance to Afula. The '''Battle of Gesher''' was an attempted joint ]-] advance against the newly created ] during the ]. The battle began on May 14, 1948, when the Jewish exclave of ] was stormed by Arab forces<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=November 26, 2008 |title=Battle of Gesher |url=https://zionism-israel.com/dic/Gesher.htm}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=1948: A History of The First Arab-Israeli War | isbn=9780300151121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1eVPwAACAAJ| last1=Morris | first1=Benny | date=April 2009 | publisher=Yale University Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tal |first=David |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/881747492 |title=War in Palestine, 1948 : strategy and diplomacy |publisher=] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-415-76137-6 |oclc=881747492}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Timeline of Arab Israeli War |date=10 March 2002 |url=https://balagan.info/timeline-of-the-1948-arab-israeli-war}}</ref> in an attempt to reach the town of ] and link with the First Yarmouk Brigade of the ]. The battle was a tactical Israeli victory as the Iraqi Army would move south to the cities of ] and ] to take over the Samarian Front, resulting in the halting of the advance to Afula.


== Background == == Background ==
The ] started when ] was ratified on November 29, 1947, and the ] along with the ] calling to arms the people of the former ] a day later. ] was originally a target of the Arab Liberation Army during their original offensives around the Galilee on March 12, 1948.<ref name=":1" /> However the strategic position on the Jordan,Tabor and Yarmouk rivers Gesher is situated in and it's proximity to both Afula and Naharayim proved a fruitful target to both the Arab Legion and the Royal Iraqi Armed Forces especially when Transjordan invaded the former Mandate on May 10, 1948, and the Later Iraqi Invasion on the 14th<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=1948 Arab Israeli War: Efraim Karsh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=imyICwAAQBAJ}}</ref> The combined Arab forces had 2 infantry battalions, 1 armoured battalion and 1 artillery company, Golani forces numbered around 2 infantry battalions and (later in the battle) 2 65mm French cannons.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> The ] started when ] was ratified on November 29, 1947, and the ] along with the ] calling to arms the people of the former ] a day later. ] was originally a target of the Arab Liberation Army during their original offensives around the Galilee on March 12, 1948.<ref name=":1" /> Its strategic position on the confluence of the Jordan, Tabor and Yarmouk rivers and its proximity to both Afula and Naharayim made it a fruitful target for both the Arab Legion and the Royal Iraqi Armed Forces when Transjordan and Iraq invaded the former mandate on May 10 and 14th, respectively.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=1948 Arab Israeli War: Efraim Karsh | isbn=9781472810014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=imyICwAAQBAJ | last1=Karsh | first1=Efraim | date=6 June 2014 | publisher=Bloomsbury }}</ref> The combined Arab forces had 2 infantry battalions, 1 armoured battalion and 1 artillery company. The forces of the ] numbered around 2 infantry battalions and (later in the battle) 2 65mm French cannons.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />


== Attack == == Attack ==
On 14 May at 18:00 the Arab Legion and Iraqi Forces took over Naharayim resulting in the Bridge connecting Naharayim to Gesher being blown up by sappers from the Golani Brigade on 20:00 local time. However Arab Forces crossed the river at a lower point near the Tabor on the 15th and later crossing Tabor itself and seizing nearby Camel Hill on the 16th to begin a siege on the Kibbutz, the same day on 16:00 local time an Arab offensive into police fort near the centre of Gesher was repulsed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> on the 17th of May the Golani Brigade did an ineffective aerial assault on Camel Hill and was later repulsed during an attack directly afterwards, around the same time 6-21 armoured cars were destroyed during on offensive on the Police Fort by Arab forces. Continued failed offensives by both sides would continue until May 21–22 when the Iraqis were repulsed at Belvoir and Kochav Haryaden later retreating to Narahayim and near the ] before moving a majority of Iraqi forces to Nablus and the Samarian Front. On 14 May at 18:00 the Arab Legion and Iraqi forces took over Naharayim, resulting in the bridge connecting Naharayim and Gesher being blown up by sappers from the Golani Brigade on 20:00 local time. However, Arab forces crossed the river at a lower point near the Tabor on the 15th and later crossed the Tabor itself, seizing nearby Camel Hill on the 16th and beginning a siege on the kibbutz. The same day, at 16:00 local time, an Arab offensive into the police fort near the centre of Gesher was repulsed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> On the 17th of May, the Golani Brigade conducted an ineffective aerial assault on Camel Hill and was later repulsed during an attack directly afterwards. Around the same time between 6 and 21 armoured cars were destroyed during on offensive on the police fort by Arab forces. Continued failed attacks by both sides would continue until May 21–22 when the Iraqis were repulsed at Belvoir and Kochav Haryaden, later retreating to Narahayim and toward ] before moving a majority of their forces to Nablus and the Samarian Front.


==References== ==References==

Latest revision as of 18:01, 3 January 2025

Iraqi-Jordanian battle against Israel in 1948

32°38′30.3″N 35°34′2.6″E / 32.641750°N 35.567389°E / 32.641750; 35.567389

Battle of Gesher
Part of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War

Bridge connecting Kibbutz Gesher to Naharayim c. 1918
Date14–22 May 1948
LocationNaharayim, Mandatory Palestine
Result Israeli victory
Belligerents
 Israel Transjordan
Iraq Iraq
Strength
2 infantry battalions
2 French cannons		 2 infantry battalions
1 armoured battalion
1 artillery company
Casualties and losses
Unknown 6–21 armoured cars
Infantry unknown

The Battle of Gesher was an attempted joint Iraqi-Jordanian advance against the newly created State of Israel during the 1947–1949 Palestine war. The battle began on May 14, 1948, when the Jewish exclave of Naharayim was stormed by Arab forces in an attempt to reach the town of Afula and link with the First Yarmouk Brigade of the Arab Liberation Army. The battle was a tactical Israeli victory as the Iraqi Army would move south to the cities of Nablus and Jenin to take over the Samarian Front, resulting in the halting of the advance to Afula.

Background

The first stage of the war started when UN Resolution 181 was ratified on November 29, 1947, and the Army of the Holy War along with the Muslim Brothers Group calling to arms the people of the former British Mandate a day later. Gesher was originally a target of the Arab Liberation Army during their original offensives around the Galilee on March 12, 1948. Its strategic position on the confluence of the Jordan, Tabor and Yarmouk rivers and its proximity to both Afula and Naharayim made it a fruitful target for both the Arab Legion and the Royal Iraqi Armed Forces when Transjordan and Iraq invaded the former mandate on May 10 and 14th, respectively. The combined Arab forces had 2 infantry battalions, 1 armoured battalion and 1 artillery company. The forces of the Golani Brigade numbered around 2 infantry battalions and (later in the battle) 2 65mm French cannons.

Attack

On 14 May at 18:00 the Arab Legion and Iraqi forces took over Naharayim, resulting in the bridge connecting Naharayim and Gesher being blown up by sappers from the Golani Brigade on 20:00 local time. However, Arab forces crossed the river at a lower point near the Tabor on the 15th and later crossed the Tabor itself, seizing nearby Camel Hill on the 16th and beginning a siege on the kibbutz. The same day, at 16:00 local time, an Arab offensive into the police fort near the centre of Gesher was repulsed. On the 17th of May, the Golani Brigade conducted an ineffective aerial assault on Camel Hill and was later repulsed during an attack directly afterwards. Around the same time between 6 and 21 armoured cars were destroyed during on offensive on the police fort by Arab forces. Continued failed attacks by both sides would continue until May 21–22 when the Iraqis were repulsed at Belvoir and Kochav Haryaden, later retreating to Narahayim and toward Sea of Galilee before moving a majority of their forces to Nablus and the Samarian Front.

References

  1. ^ "Battle of Gesher". November 26, 2008.
  2. ^ Morris, Benny (April 2009). 1948: A History of The First Arab-Israeli War. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300151121.
  3. Tal, David (2014). War in Palestine, 1948 : strategy and diplomacy. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-76137-6. OCLC 881747492.
  4. ^ "Timeline of Arab Israeli War". 10 March 2002.
  5. ^ Karsh, Efraim (6 June 2014). 1948 Arab Israeli War: Efraim Karsh. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9781472810014.
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