| Revision as of 22:30, 3 January 2025 editJackhanma69 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users579 edits ←Created page with '{{Short description|Kurdish tribe in Khorasan}} '''Zafaranlu''' or '''Zaʿfarānlu''' are the largest Kurdish tribe in Khorasan, they're present near turkmenistan border. The tribe is composed of several branches or clans. The tribe spoke Kurmanji Kurdish, however due to mixing with Turkmens the Zafaranlu mainly speak Turkic.<ref name = "Ivanov">{{cite journal |last1=Ivanov |first1...'Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit | Latest revision as of 08:04, 5 January 2025 edit undoBoyTheKingCanDance (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Page movers, Pending changes reviewers173,877 edits Added tags to the page using Page Curation (improve categories)Tag: PageTriage | ||
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| {{Short description|Kurdish tribe in Khorasan}} | {{Short description|Kurdish tribe in Khorasan}} | ||
| {{Kurds}} | |||
| '''Zafaranlu''' or '''Zaʿfarānlu''' are the largest ] in ] |
The '''Zafaranlu''' or '''Zaʿfarānlu''' ({{langx|fa|زفرانلو}}) are the largest ] in ]. They are present near turkmenistan border. The tribe is composed of several branches or clans. The tribe spoke ], however due to mixing with ] the Zafaranlu mainly speak ].<ref name = "Ivanov">{{cite journal |last1=Ivanov |first1=Vladimir |author1-link=Vladimir Ivanov (orientalist) |title=Notes on the Ethnology of Khurasan |journal=The Geographical Journal |date=February 1926 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=143–158 |doi=10.2307/1783140 |jstor=1783140 |bibcode=1926GeogJ..67..143I |quote=In Khurasan the difficulty is still greater because there are no distinct sub-dialects, and the idiom of the Kurds appears practically uniform. Many sub-sections are closely connected with the Turks, and experience real difficulty whether they are of Kurdish or Turkish nationality(...) Of the four tribes which are traditionally regarded as the original, namely 'Amarlu, Za'faranlu, Shadillu and Kaiwanlu, the first and last appear to-day as small tribes, while the other two are mostly Turkish-speaking and have ceased to be regarded as Kurds.}}</ref> | ||
| ==Origins== | ==Origins== | ||
| The Zafaranlu tribe were ] origin, they were also present in ]. Zafaranlu were loyal to the ], They participated in ], being on the Safavid side. They were first settled around ] in 1597-1598, by the Safavid authority. However, ] transfered to ], To defend the region from Uzbek-Turcoman raids and incursions.{{sfn|Qassabi-Nejad|2016}} | The Zafaranlu tribe were of ] origin, they were also present in ]. Zafaranlu were loyal to the ], They participated in ], being on the Safavid side. They were first settled around ] in 1597-1598, by the Safavid authority. However, ] transfered to ], To defend the region from Uzbek-Turcoman raids and incursions.{{sfn|Qassabi-Nejad|2016}} | ||
| ==Zafaranlu principality in Khorasan== | ==Zafaranlu principality in Khorasan== | ||
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| | image_map = File:Mapofkhorasan1775.png | | image_map = File:Mapofkhorasan1775.png | ||
| | map_caption = Zafaranlu principality (in yellow) in 1775AD | | map_caption = Zafaranlu principality (in yellow) in 1775AD | ||
| | capital = ] | |||
| | government_type = ] | | government_type = ] | ||
| | year_start = 1600 | | year_start = 1600 | ||
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| * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Qassabi-Nejad|first1=Ali Pur Safar|title=Zafaranlu|encyclopedia=] |date=2016 |volume=21 |url=https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/14598 |publisher=]|language=Persian|isbn=9789644470127}} | * {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Qassabi-Nejad|first1=Ali Pur Safar|title=Zafaranlu|encyclopedia=] |date=2016 |volume=21 |url=https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details/14598 |publisher=]|language=Persian|isbn=9789644470127}} | ||
| * {{Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=|fascicle=|title=KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS|last=Pierre Oberling|year=2008|first=|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/khorasan-1-ethnic-groups|pages=}} | * {{Encyclopædia Iranica|volume=|fascicle=|title=KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS|last=Pierre Oberling|year=2008|first=|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/khorasan-1-ethnic-groups|pages=}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 08:04, 5 January 2025
Kurdish tribe in Khorasan
The Zafaranlu or Zaʿfarānlu (Persian: زفرانلو) are the largest Kurdish tribe in Khorasan. They are present near turkmenistan border. The tribe is composed of several branches or clans. The tribe spoke Kurmanji Kurdish, however due to mixing with Turkmens the Zafaranlu mainly speak Turkic.
Origins
The Zafaranlu tribe were of Çemişgezek origin, they were also present in Iranian Kurdistan. Zafaranlu were loyal to the Safavids, They participated in Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555), being on the Safavid side. They were first settled around Varamin in 1597-1598, by the Safavid authority. However, Shah Abbas I transfered to Khorasan, To defend the region from Uzbek-Turcoman raids and incursions.
Zafaranlu principality in Khorasan
| Zafaranlu Principality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1600–1922 | |||||||||
 Zafaranlu principality (in yellow) in 1775AD | |||||||||
| Capital | Quchan | ||||||||
| Religion | Shia Islam | ||||||||
| Government | hereditary | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| • Established | 1600 | ||||||||
| • Disestablished | 1922 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Zafaranlu arriving in Khorasan around 1600CE, they first cettled in a region located in the north Atrak river. The Zafaranlu took control over Qushan, Bojnourd and Ahal in khorasan region, during the death of Shah Abbas I. They displaced the Gerayli Turkic tribe from the region. As the Zafaranlu chief, Yusuf Khan Chamshgzaklu was the ruler of Quchan.
In the beginning of 18th century, The Zafaranlu tribe moved into a mountainous region south of the Atrak, due to being less exposed to attacks from Turkic tribes beyond the Iranian border. In the early 18th century, they occupied the lands from Razabad to Chenaran. The Zafaranlu had a huge population in Khorasan, aong with other Kurdish tribes of Khorasan, they provided 12,000 horsemen to the Iranian government.
During the fall of Safavid Empire, Muhammad Husayn khan the Zafaranlu chief and ruler of Qushan. Fought against Nader Quli, and fought against him several times. However he was forced to submit to Nader's authority. Nader Shah married Muhammad Husayn khan's sister. In 1727-1728, he rebelled against Nader's rule, but was forced to submit again. In 1746, Muhammad Husayn khan along with other Kurdish tribes of Khorasan rebelled against Nader's rule, due to heavy taxation. While Nader Shah along with his army were on their way to crush the Kurdish rebellion in Khorasan, Nader Shah was assassinated by his own generals in his camp. After Nader's death, The Zafaranlu joined the service of Shah Rukh Afshar. In 1770-1771, Muhammad Husayn khan participated in several battles against the Afghan army led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, who were invading Khorasan.
The Zafaranlu principality was dissolved by Pahlavi regime in 1922.
Pahlavi era
According to a Military report, in 1929, there was around 50,000 Zafaranlu living in Qushan district, and 12,000 in Shirvan district. While around 13,000 were still Nomads.
References
- Ivanov, Vladimir (February 1926). "Notes on the Ethnology of Khurasan". The Geographical Journal. 67 (2): 143–158. Bibcode:1926GeogJ..67..143I. doi:10.2307/1783140. JSTOR 1783140.
In Khurasan the difficulty is still greater because there are no distinct sub-dialects, and the idiom of the Kurds appears practically uniform. Many sub-sections are closely connected with the Turks, and experience real difficulty whether they are of Kurdish or Turkish nationality(...) Of the four tribes which are traditionally regarded as the original, namely 'Amarlu, Za'faranlu, Shadillu and Kaiwanlu, the first and last appear to-day as small tribes, while the other two are mostly Turkish-speaking and have ceased to be regarded as Kurds.
- ^ Qassabi-Nejad 2016.
- ^ Pierre Oberling 2008.
Sources
- Qassabi-Nejad, Ali Pur Safar (2016). "Zafaranlu". Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam (in Persian). Vol. 21. Encyclopaedia Islamica Foundation. ISBN 9789644470127.
- Pierre Oberling (2008). "KHORASAN i. ETHNIC GROUPS". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
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