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{{Short description|Pakistani fighter pilot (1927–2003)}}
{{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, capitalization, and spelling|date=May 2020}}
{{About|the general|the banker|Zafar Masud (banker)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{About|the general|the banker|Zafar Masud (banker)}}

{{Infobox military person {{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = Air Commodore | honorific_prefix = ''']'''
| name = Zafar Masud | name = Zafar Masud
| honorific_suffix = | honorific_suffix = ] ] ]
| image = Air-Commodore Mohammad Mitty Zafar Masud PAF.jpg | image = Air-Commodore Mohammad Mitty Zafar Masud PAF.jpg
| image_size = 190px | image_size = 190px
| alt = | alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| caption = Zafar Masud (1927-2003)
| native_name_lang =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = | birth_name = Muhammad Masud Zafar
| other_name =
| birth_name = Muhammad Masud Zafar
| other_name = | nickname = ''MZ Masud''<br />''Mitty''
| birth_date = {{birth date text|17 October 1927}}
| nickname = ''MZ Masud''<br />''Mitty''
| birth_place = ], ], ]<br /> {{small|(Present-day Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan)}}
| birth_date = 1927
| death_date = {{death-date and age|7 October 2003|17 October 1927}}
| birth_place = ], ], ]<br />{{small|(Present-day Gujranwala, Punjab in Pakistan)}}
| death_place = ], Islamabad, Pakistan
| death_date = 7 October 2003 (76 or 77 years old)
| placeofburial_label =
| death_place = ] in Islamabad
| placeofburial = ], ]
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial = ], ]
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> | placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| allegiance = {{PAK}} | allegiance = {{Flag|British India}} {{small|(1946-47)}}<br>{{PAK}} {{small|(1947-71)}}
| branch = | branch = {{air force|British India}}<br />{{air force|PAK}}
| serviceyears = 1946–1971 | serviceyears = 1946–1971
| serviceyears_label = | serviceyears_label =
| rank = ]] ] | rank = ] ]
| rank_label = | rank_label =
| servicenumber = '''3314'''
| servicenumber = <!-- Do not use data from primary sources such as service records -->
| unit = ] | unit = ]
| commands = PAF Base, ]<br />]<br />]<br />] | commands = PAF Base ]<br />]<br />]<br />]
| battles_label = | battles_label =
| battles =
{{tree list}}
| battles = ]
* {{small|]}} * ]
** ]
]
{{tree list/end}}
| awards = ] ] (1965)<br />] ] (1971)
| awards = ] ]<br>] ]<br>] ]
| memorials =
| spouse = Elizabeth Harniette | memorials =
| spouse = Elizabeth Harniette
| relations = | relations =
| children =
| children = | laterwork = ]
| laterwork = ] | signature =
| signature = | signature_size =
| signature_size = | signature_alt =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| signature_alt =
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> | module =
| module =
}} }}


] '''Muhammad Zafar Masud''', (] محمد مسعود ظفر ;b. 1927 – 7 October 2003) {{small|], ]}}, also known as '''Mitty Masud''', was a ] ] in the ] and a military strategist who is known his role as air officer commanding of the ] airbase in East Pakistan. '''Muhammad Zafar Masud''' {{post-nominals|country=GB, PK|list=] ] ]}} ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|محمد مسعود ظفر }}}} ; 17 October 1927<ref name=":0" /> – 7 October 2003) also known as '''Mitty Masud''', was a ] ] in the ] and a military strategist who was known for his role as air officer commanding of the ] airbase in East Pakistan.


Masud had the ] of defending the ] of ] but resigned from his commission after the ] took place on 26 March 1971, and left the command to Air Cdre Inamul Haq on 30 March 1971.<ref name="AMZ Publications, Yousaf" /> Masud had the ] of defending the ] of ], but resigned from his commission after the ] took place 26 March 1971, and left the command to Air Cdre Inamul Haq on 30 March 1971.<ref name="AMZ Publications, Yousaf" />


==Biography== ==Biography==
===Early life and air force career=== ===Early life===
Muhammad Masud Zafar was born in ], ] in ] into a ] family in 1927.<ref name="News International, 2003">{{cite news |title=A tribute to Air Commodore Zafar Masud (HJ, SBt) |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14411-a-tribute-to-air-commodore-zafar-masud-(hj-sbt) |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=The News International |date=7 October 2003 |type=Editorial}}</ref> His father, Zafar Hussain, was an alumnus of ] and was a civil officer in the ] who later headed the ] in ] when the family was moved before the ].<ref name="News International, 2003"/> Muhammad Masud Zafar was born in ], ], in ] to a prominent<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Yousaf |first=Nasim |date=6 September 2016 |title=Air Commodore Zafar Masud: A Pakistani Hero |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/opinion/blog/air-commodore-zafar-masud-a-pakistani-hero/ |access-date=4 July 2020 |work=Daily Pakistan |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415012916/https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/opinion/blog/air-commodore-zafar-masud-a-pakistani-hero/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ] family in 1927.<ref name="News International, 2003">{{cite news |title=A tribute to Air Commodore Zafar Masud (HJ, SBt) |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/14411-a-tribute-to-air-commodore-zafar-masud-(hj-sbt) |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=The News International |date=7 October 2003 |type=Editorial}}</ref> His father, Zafar Hussain, was an alumnus of ] and served as a civil officer in the ]. When his father was appointed as a senior officer of the ], the family moved to ].<ref name="News International, 2003"/> In 1946, Masud graduated from ] and was commissioned into the ] (RIAF) to become a ].<ref name="News International, 2003" />


===Air Force instructor===
In 1942, he did his ] from ] and joined the ] (RIAF) with a dream of becoming ].<ref name="News International, 2003"/> In 1946, he gained ] in the RIAF as ] and joined the ] after the ] of Pakistan as a result of the partition of India on 14 August 1947.<ref name="News International, 2003"/> He did not participated in the ] with ] in 1947 as he joined the air force faculty.<ref name="News International, 2003" />
When India was ] in 1947, Masud joined the newly created ].<ref name="News International, 2003" /> He did not participate in the ] with India in 1947 as he joined the air force faculty.<ref name="News International, 2003" /> In 1948, ] Masud joined the faculty of ] in ] where he began ]s to young air force cadets.<ref name="News International, 2003" /> In 1952, he did further training on ] management and qualified as a fighter pilot when he completed a Fighter Leader Course at the ].<ref name="Iktedar Khan">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Iqtedar A. |title=Tribute to Mitty Masud |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1065198/dawn-letters-october-28-2003#1 |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Dawn |date=28 October 2003}}</ref> In 1957–58, ] Masud was tasked by ], ] ], to organize, train, and lead an ] team, the ], of 16 ] that would set a world record, validating the PAF's place among the well-regarded air arms of the world.<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=ACM Jamal A. |author-link1=Jamal A. Khan |title=Mitty Masud folds his wings |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1065137/dawn-features-october-13-2003#2 |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Dawn |date=13 October 2003 |archive-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807191951/https://www.dawn.com/news/1065137/dawn-features-october-13-2003#2 |url-status=live }}</ref>


===1965 War and staff appointments===
In 1948, ] Masud joined the faculty of ] in ] where he began ]s to young air force cadets.<ref name="News International, 2003"/> In 1952, he did further training on ] management and qualified as a fighter pilot when he completed a Fighter Leader Course at the ].<ref name="Iktedar Khan">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Iqtedar A. |title=Tribute to Mitty Masud |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1065198/dawn-letters-october-28-2003#1 |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Dawn |date=28 October 2003}}</ref>


] Masud's first command assignment was included as ] ], which would emerged him as the top hero of the 1965 war.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Ayaz |title=Obituary - A Hero Fades away |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/feb-mar99/hero-fades.htm |work=Defence Journal |access-date=7 August 2017 |date=March 1999 |pages=4–6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225041652/http://www.defencejournal.com/feb-mar99/hero-fades.htm |archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>{{rp|Conts}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bowman |first1=Martin |title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950-1972 |date=2016 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-7462-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ&q=Masud&pg=PT135 |access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref>
In 1957-58, ] Masud was tasked by ], ] ], to organize, train, and lead an ] team, the ], of 16 ] that would set a world record, validating the PAF's place among the well-regarded air arms of the world.<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=ACM Jamal A. |authorlink1=Jamal A. Khan |title=Mitty Masud folds his wings |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1065137/dawn-features-october-13-2003#2 |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Dawn |date=13 October 2003}}</ref>


In 1965, he actively participated in ] with India when he led a team of fighter pilots, including Flt. Lt ], Sqn. Ldr. ], and Sq. Ldr. ], against the ].<ref name="Daily Pakistan 2004">{{cite news |last1=Yousaf |first1=Nasim |title=Air Commodore Zafar Masud and the Separation of East Pakistan |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/opinion/blog/air-commodore-zafar-masud-and-the-separation-of-east-pakistan/ |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Daily Pakistan |date=10 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215012449/https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/opinion/blog/air-commodore-zafar-masud-and-the-separation-of-east-pakistan/ |archive-date=15 December 2015}}</ref> Gp Capt. Masud flew against the Indian Air Force in Sargodha Sector with great courage and was regarded as an ace fighter for his ability in ] against the Indian pilots.<ref name="ISPR Hilal Magazine">{{cite magazine |last1=Qadir, PA |first1=Col. Azam |title=A Pakistan Army Doctor Who Took Surrender of the Indian Air Force Jet |magazine=ISPR Hilal Magazine |year=2016 |volume=53 |issue=9 |pages=2–4 |url=http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/2290-a-pakistan-army-doctor-who-took-surrender-of-the-indian-air-force-jet |access-date=8 August 2017 |publisher=ISPR |location=Islamabad, Pakistan}}</ref>
===War and staff appointments in Pakistan Air Force===


From 1966 to 1969, Gp Capt. Masud continued his role as a flight instructor with the ] and was appointed in the ] as Director-General of Air Operations (DGAO).<ref name="News International, 2003" /> In 1969, Gp. Capt. Masud was promoted to one star rank, Air Commodore, and was being speculated as a probable future air force chief once the retirement of Air Marshal ].<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003" />
] Masud's first command assignment was included as ] ], which would emerged him as the top hero of the 1965 war.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ahmed |first1=Ayaz |title=Obituary - A Hero Fades away |url=http://www.defencejournal.com/feb-mar99/hero-fades.htm |work=Defence Journal |access-date=7 August 2017 |date=March 1999}}</ref>{{rp|Conts}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bowman |first1=Martin |title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950-1972 |date=2016 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=9781473874626 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135&dq=air+chief+jamal+a+khan+Lockheed+F-104+Starfighter#v=onepage&q=Masud&f=false |access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref>


===Bangladesh liberation war===
In 1965, he actively participated in ] with India when he led a team of fighter pilots, including Flt. Lt ], Sqn. Ldr. ], and Sq. Ldr. ], against the ].<ref name="Daily Pakistan 2004">{{cite news |last1=Yousaf |first1=Nasim |title=Air Commodore Zafar Masud and the Separation of East Pakistan |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/opinion/blog/air-commodore-zafar-masud-and-the-separation-of-east-pakistan/ |access-date=7 August 2017 |work=Daily Pakistan Global |date=10 December 2015}}</ref> Gp. Capt Masud flew against the Indian Air Force in Sargodha Sector with great courage and was regarded as an ace fighter for his ability in ] against the Indian pilots.<ref name="ISPR Hilal Magazine">{{cite magazine |last1=Qadir, PA |first1=Col. Azam |title=A Pakistan Army Doctor Who Took Surrender of the Indian Air Force Jet |magazine=ISPR Hilal Magazine |year=2016 |volume=53 |issue=9 |pages=2–4 |url=http://hilal.gov.pk/index.php/layouts/item/2290-a-pakistan-army-doctor-who-took-surrender-of-the-indian-air-force-jet |access-date=8 August 2017 |publisher=ISPR |location=Islamabad, Pakistan}}</ref>

From 1966–69, Gp. Capt. Masud continued his role as a flight instructor with the ] and was appointed in the ] as Director-General of Air Operations (DGAO).<ref name="News International, 2003" /> In 1969, Gp. Capt. Masud was promoted to one star rank, Air Commodore, and was being speculated as a probable future air force chief once the retirement of Air Marshal ].<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003" />

===AOC, Dacca airbase and Bangladesh liberation war===
{{Main|Pakistan Eastern Command|Bangladesh liberation war}} {{Main|Pakistan Eastern Command|Bangladesh liberation war}}


In 1970, Air Cdre Masud was appointed as the ] (AOC) of Dacca airbase, East Pakistan.<ref name="Daily Pakistan 2004" /> In 1970, Air Cdre Masud was appointed as the ] (AOC) of Dacca airbase, East Pakistan.<ref name="Daily Pakistan 2004" />


In April 1971, Air Cdre Masud relayed his concern to then-] Vice-Admiral ] and ] commander Lieutenant-General ], who decided to call upon President General ] to visit East Pakistan. Air Cdre Masud was in clear view that ] that the army could not hold the ground of it, and had lobbied for supporting the ] for resolving the peaceful solution.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Osman. |first1=Mitha, Aboobaker |title=Unlikely beginnings: a soldier's life |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pk |isbn=9780195794137 |pages=333–334}}</ref> In April 1971, Air Cdre Masud relayed his concern to then-] Vice-Admiral ] and ] commander Lieutenant-General ], who decided to call upon President General ] to visit East Pakistan. Air Cdre Masud was in clear view that ] that the army could not hold the ground of it, and had lobbied for supporting the ] for resolving the peaceful solution.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Osman. |first1=Mitha, Aboobaker |title=Unlikely beginnings: a soldier's life |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Karachi |isbn=978-0-19-579413-7 |pages=333–334}}</ref>


In March 1971, President Yahya Khan finally arrived in Dhaka and chaired a meeting at the Eastern Command HQ where Air Cdre Masud argued in favor of political solution, noting that "''in the prevailing military imbalance, a semi-autonomous East Pakistan was far preferable to the certainty of a military defeat in the event that India decided to intervene''".<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003" /> During the meeting, President Yahya interjected several times and was in view of agreeing with Air Cdre Masud's view and supported his stance by quoting: "You must surely know that I too do not want a war and am doing my best to persuade ] and ] to find a way out of the crisis".<ref name="Yale University Press, Tripathi">{{cite book |last1=Tripathi |first1=Salil |year=2016 |title=The Colonel Who Would Not Repent: The Bangladesh War and Its Unquiet Legacy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTUCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT199 |publisher=Yale University Press |pages=188–189 |isbn=978-0-300-22102-2}}</ref> In March 1971, ] finally arrived in Dhaka and chaired a meeting at the Eastern Command HQ where Air Cdre Masud argued in favor of political solution, noting that "''in the prevailing military imbalance, a semi-autonomous East Pakistan was far preferable to the certainty of a military defeat in the event that India decided to intervene''".<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003" /> During the meeting, President Yahya interjected several times and was in view of agreeing with Air Cdre Masud's view and supported his stance by quoting: "You must surely know that I too do not want a war and am doing my best to persuade ] and ] to find a way out of the crisis".<ref name="Yale University Press, Tripathi">{{cite book |last1=Tripathi |first1=Salil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTUCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT199 |title=The Colonel Who Would Not Repent: The Bangladesh War and Its Unquiet Legacy |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-300-22102-2 |pages=188–189 |author-link=Salil Tripathi}}</ref>


On 7 March 1971, Governor East Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan and Eastern Commander Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan were relieved of their respected post, leaving to Lieutenant-General ] who initiated the massive military crackdown after the ] ]. Air Cdre Masud suffered with high-level of local defections in his own staff when Air Cdre Masud's Officer Commanding (Admin. Wing) Gp Capt ] defected to India in an official plane in May 1971.<ref name="Indian Left Review">{{cite journal |title=<!-- not Indian Left Review, which is the name of the journal --> |date= |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Oe4sAAAAIAAJ&dq=Khandker+defection+1971&q=Khandker+ |journal=Indian Left Review |volume= |issue= |page= |access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>{{rp|67–68}}{{full citation needed|date=September 2019}} This was followed by the defection of Wg. Cdr ] and Sqn Ldr ] who joined the Indian Air Force against the PAF in East.<ref name="Indian Left Review"/>{{rp|68}} During Operation Blitzkrieg, Masud refused an order to dispatch an air strike against armed civilians.<ref name="Yale University Press, Tripathi"/> On 7 March 1971, Governor East ] and Eastern Commander Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan were relieved of their respected post, leaving to ] who initiated the massive military crackdown after the ] ].{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} Air Cdre Masud suffered high-level local defections from his own staff when Group Captain ] and Wing Commander ] escaped to India in May 1971.<ref name="Indian Left Review">{{cite journal |last=Alam |first=Badrul |author-link=Syed Badrul Ahsan |date=March 1973 |title=How Bangladesh Air Force was Born |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe4sAAAAIAAJ&q=Khandker+ |journal=Indian Left Review |volume=II |issue=1 |page=67}}</ref> During Operation Blitzkrieg, Masud refused an order to dispatch an air strike against armed civilians.<ref name="Yale University Press, Tripathi"/>


During this time, Masud made many contacts with President Yahya Khan but was unable to reach to him, eventually deciding to visit in ] in ].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Masud handed over the air command to Air Cdre ] and arrived in Pakistan but was unable to hold the meeting with President Yahya which eventually led Masud disheartened and frustrated.<ref name="Daily Pakistan 2004" /> During this time, Masud made many contacts with President Yahya Khan but was unable to reach to him, eventually deciding to visit in ] in ].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Masud handed over the air command to Air Cdre ] and arrived in Pakistan but was unable to hold the meeting with President Yahya which eventually led Masud disheartened and frustrated.<ref name="Daily Pakistan 2004" />
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===Later life and death=== ===Later life and death===


After seeking retirement on July 1971, Masud worked as a civilian ] for the Rawalpindi Flying Club from 1974 onwards for some years.<ref name="AMZ Publications, Yousaf">{{cite book |last1=Yousaf |first1=Nasim |title=Air Commodore M. Zafar Masud - A Pioneer of the Pakistan Air Force |date=2015 |publisher=AMZ Publications |location=Karachi, Pakistan |isbn=9780982611067 |pages=126–134 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=MisPrgEACAAJ&dq=Mitty+masud |access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> After seeking retirement in July 1971, Masud worked as a civilian ] for the Rawalpindi Flying Club from 1974 onwards for some years.<ref name="AMZ Publications, Yousaf">{{cite book |last1=Yousaf |first1=Nasim |title=Air Commodore M. Zafar Masud - A Pioneer of the Pakistan Air Force |date=2015 |publisher=AMZ Publications |location=Karachi |isbn=978-0-9826110-6-7 |pages=126–134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MisPrgEACAAJ&q=Mitty+masud |access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>

He was married to a ], Elizabeth, who worked as technician at ] in 1959; his wife died in 2019. He had one son, Salaar, who became a Software engineer.<ref name=":0" /> Masud died due to a ] in ] in ] and is buried at PAF cemetery in ]; the place of burial of his wife is in ].<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003" />

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" |{{ribbon devices|ribbon=Hilal-e-Jurat.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Basalat.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=War Medal 1965(Tamgha-e-Jang, A.H.1385).png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award‐star|ribbon=Pakistan Independence Medal 1947.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of Independence - Knight (Jordan).png|width=130}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|
| colspan="2" |''']'''
''(Crescent of Courage)''

''']'''
|
|-
|''']'''
(''Star of Good Conduct'')
|''']'''
''(General Service Medal'')
|''']'''
''(War Star 1965)''
|''']'''
''(War Medal 1965)''
|-
|''']'''
''(])''

'''1947'''
|''']'''
''(Republic Commemoration Medal)''

'''1956'''
|''']'''
''']'''
|''']'''
'''''(''']''')'''''
|}


=== Foreign decorations ===
He was married to a ], Elizabeth, who worked as technician at ] in 1959; his wife died in 2019. He had one son, Salaar, who became a Software engineer.<ref name="Daily Pakistan Global 2004 (2nd)">{{cite web |last1=Yousaf |first1=Nasim |title=Air Commodore Zafar Masud: A Pakistani Hero |url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/opinion/blog/air-commodore-zafar-masud-a-pakistani-hero/ |website=Daily Pakistan Global |date=6 September 2015 |access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Masud died due to a cardiac arrest in ] in ] and is buried in PAF cemetery in Islamabad, the place of burial of his wife is in Karachi..<ref name="DAWN - Features 2003" />
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" style="background:#006400; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center" |'''Foreign Awards'''
|-
!'''{{flag|UK}}'''
|''']''' ''']'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Ribbon - War Medal.png|width=130}}
|-
!'''{{flag|Jordan}}'''
|''']'''
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Order of Independence - Knight (Jordan).png|width=130}}
|}


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* Yousaf, Nasim (2015). Air Commodore M. Zafar Masud— A Pioneer of the Pakistan Air Force. Karachi, Pakistan: AMZ Publications. p.&nbsp;138. {{ISBN|9780982611067}}. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
* *


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Latest revision as of 21:27, 5 January 2025

Pakistani fighter pilot (1927–2003) This article is about the general. For the banker, see Zafar Masud (banker).

Air Commodore
Zafar Masud
HJ SBt OI(J)
Birth nameMuhammad Masud Zafar
Nickname(s)MZ Masud
Mitty
Born17 October 1927 (1927-10-17)
Gujranwala, Punjab, India
(Present-day Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan)
Died7 October 2003 (2003-10-08) (aged 75)
PAF Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
BuriedPAF Cemetery, Nur Khan Air Force Base
Allegiance British India (1946-47)
 Pakistan (1947-71)
Service / branch Royal Indian Air Force
 Pakistan Air Force
Years of service1946–1971
Rank Air-Commodore
Service number3314
UnitNo. 9 Squadron Griffins
CommandsPAF Base Dacca
PAF Base Sargodha
PAF Sherdils
No. 11 Squadron Arrows
Battles / wars
Awards Hilal-e-Jurat
Sitara-e-Basalat
Order of Independence
Spouse(s)Elizabeth Harniette
Other workFlight instructor

Muhammad Zafar Masud HJ SBt OI(J) (Urdu: محمد مسعود ظفر  ; 17 October 1927 – 7 October 2003) also known as Mitty Masud, was a one star air officer in the Pakistan Air Force and a military strategist who was known for his role as air officer commanding of the Dacca airbase in East Pakistan.

Masud had the area responsibility of defending the airspace border of East Pakistan, but resigned from his commission after the military operation took place 26 March 1971, and left the command to Air Cdre Inamul Haq on 30 March 1971.

Biography

Early life

Muhammad Masud Zafar was born in Gujranwala, Punjab, in British India to a prominent Punjabi family in 1927. His father, Zafar Hussain, was an alumnus of Punjab University and served as a civil officer in the Indian Railways. When his father was appointed as a senior officer of the Railway Board, the family moved to Delhi. In 1946, Masud graduated from Model High School and was commissioned into the Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) to become a fighter pilot.

Air Force instructor

When India was partitioned in 1947, Masud joined the newly created Pakistan Air Force. He did not participate in the first war with India in 1947 as he joined the air force faculty. In 1948, F/O Masud joined the faculty of Air Force Academy in Risalpur where he began flight instructions to young air force cadets. In 1952, he did further training on flight management and qualified as a fighter pilot when he completed a Fighter Leader Course at the RAF. In 1957–58, Wg.Cdr. Masud was tasked by Air Cdr-in-C, Air Marshal Asghar Khan, to organize, train, and lead an aerobatics team, the PAF Sherdils, of 16 F-86 Sabre jets that would set a world record, validating the PAF's place among the well-regarded air arms of the world.

1965 War and staff appointments

Gp Capt. Masud's first command assignment was included as base commander Sargodha Air Force Base, which would emerged him as the top hero of the 1965 war.

In 1965, he actively participated in second war with India when he led a team of fighter pilots, including Flt. Lt Mervyn Middlecoat, Sqn. Ldr. Cecil Chaudhry, and Sq. Ldr. MM Allam, against the Indian Air Force. Gp Capt. Masud flew against the Indian Air Force in Sargodha Sector with great courage and was regarded as an ace fighter for his ability in dogfight against the Indian pilots.

From 1966 to 1969, Gp Capt. Masud continued his role as a flight instructor with the Air Force and was appointed in the Air AHQ as Director-General of Air Operations (DGAO). In 1969, Gp. Capt. Masud was promoted to one star rank, Air Commodore, and was being speculated as a probable future air force chief once the retirement of Air Marshal Abdur Rahim Khan.

Bangladesh liberation war

Main articles: Pakistan Eastern Command and Bangladesh liberation war

In 1970, Air Cdre Masud was appointed as the Air Officer Commanding (AOC) of Dacca airbase, East Pakistan.

In April 1971, Air Cdre Masud relayed his concern to then-Governor East Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan and Eastern Command commander Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan, who decided to call upon President General Yahya Khan to visit East Pakistan. Air Cdre Masud was in clear view that situation was such that the army could not hold the ground of it, and had lobbied for supporting the Ahsan-Yakob Mission for resolving the peaceful solution.

In March 1971, President Yahya Khan finally arrived in Dhaka and chaired a meeting at the Eastern Command HQ where Air Cdre Masud argued in favor of political solution, noting that "in the prevailing military imbalance, a semi-autonomous East Pakistan was far preferable to the certainty of a military defeat in the event that India decided to intervene". During the meeting, President Yahya interjected several times and was in view of agreeing with Air Cdre Masud's view and supported his stance by quoting: "You must surely know that I too do not want a war and am doing my best to persuade Mujib and Bhutto to find a way out of the crisis".

On 7 March 1971, Governor East Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan and Eastern Commander Lieutenant-General Yaqub Ali Khan were relieved of their respected post, leaving to Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan who initiated the massive military crackdown after the raid in the Dhaka University. Air Cdre Masud suffered high-level local defections from his own staff when Group Captain A. K. Khandker and Wing Commander M. K. Bashar escaped to India in May 1971. During Operation Blitzkrieg, Masud refused an order to dispatch an air strike against armed civilians.

During this time, Masud made many contacts with President Yahya Khan but was unable to reach to him, eventually deciding to visit in Army GHQ in Rawalpindi. Masud handed over the air command to Air Cdre Inamul Haque Khan and arrived in Pakistan but was unable to hold the meeting with President Yahya which eventually led Masud disheartened and frustrated.

Despite urging against the early and premature retirement, Masud tendered his resignation from the Pakistan Air Force, which attracted the news media correspondents who tried getting his opinion but he declined to comment.

Later life and death

After seeking retirement in July 1971, Masud worked as a civilian flight instructor for the Rawalpindi Flying Club from 1974 onwards for some years.

He was married to a German national, Elizabeth, who worked as technician at Siemens Engineering in 1959; his wife died in 2019. He had one son, Salaar, who became a Software engineer. Masud died due to a cardiac arrest in PAF Hospital in Islamabad and is buried at PAF cemetery in Chaklala; the place of burial of his wife is in Karachi.

Awards and decorations

Hilal-e-Jurat

(Crescent of Courage)

1965 War

Sitara-e-Basalat

(Star of Good Conduct)

Tamgha-e-Diffa

(General Service Medal)

Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War

(War Star 1965)

Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War

(War Medal 1965)

Pakistan Tamgha

(Pakistan Medal)

1947

Tamgha-e-Jamhuria

(Republic Commemoration Medal)

1956

War Medal

1939-1945

Order of Independence

(Jordan)

Foreign decorations

Foreign Awards
 UK War Medal 1939–1945
 Jordan Order of Independence

References

  1. ^ Yousaf, Nasim (6 September 2016). "Air Commodore Zafar Masud: A Pakistani Hero". Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  2. ^ Yousaf, Nasim (2015). Air Commodore M. Zafar Masud - A Pioneer of the Pakistan Air Force. Karachi: AMZ Publications. pp. 126–134. ISBN 978-0-9826110-6-7. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  3. ^ "A tribute to Air Commodore Zafar Masud (HJ, SBt)". The News International (Editorial). 7 October 2003. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  4. Khan, Iqtedar A. (28 October 2003). "Tribute to Mitty Masud". Dawn. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  5. ^ Khan, ACM Jamal A. (13 October 2003). "Mitty Masud folds his wings". Dawn. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  6. Ahmed, Ayaz (March 1999). "Obituary - A Hero Fades away". Defence Journal. pp. 4–6. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  7. Bowman, Martin (2016). Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950-1972. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-7462-6. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  8. ^ Yousaf, Nasim (10 December 2015). "Air Commodore Zafar Masud and the Separation of East Pakistan". Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 15 December 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  9. Qadir, PA, Col. Azam (2016). "A Pakistan Army Doctor Who Took Surrender of the Indian Air Force Jet". ISPR Hilal Magazine. Vol. 53, no. 9. Islamabad, Pakistan: ISPR. pp. 2–4. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  10. Osman., Mitha, Aboobaker (2003). Unlikely beginnings: a soldier's life. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-0-19-579413-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Tripathi, Salil (2016). The Colonel Who Would Not Repent: The Bangladesh War and Its Unquiet Legacy. Yale University Press. pp. 188–189. ISBN 978-0-300-22102-2.
  12. Alam, Badrul (March 1973). "How Bangladesh Air Force was Born". Indian Left Review. II (1): 67.

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Preceded by Air Officer Commanding, Pakistan Air Force Base Dacca
1970 – 7 March 1971 		Succeeded byAir Commodore Inamul Haque Khan
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